' Terms ° f Publication.’
t . cOONTT AGITATOR is .published
Harping, andtnftilei to subscriber?
.price of*. ■ ,
•*| poLIAK’ PER AJOmst„S3f '
*Mvanet. It is intended .to notify every
‘““ tie term for which be has. paid shall
jhvlhe figures on theprifitod label on the
h nabcr. The paper will stopped
remittancs he, received,3y thfs.ar
can be brought in 4 i*t to .the
.rot! is the Official Paper oi County,
.and steadily increasingoircil a{ionrcaoh
‘,s4“ neighborhood in. the Count; is sent
to any subscriber withi? the, county
f^ ose m ost convenient post iffi|o may bo
5 lines, inelu/
■fvt ar - ~ '
;OESS DIMCTgEJ.
■ t TAh FOUNTAIN HOTEL.
jj A vrP HART, ' . ■ '
• I(me j bees leave to announce to his old
ftodie public' generally, that, he has taken
I „ the old stand and! fitted it up.in good
1 intends to keep it as a Tempfttmce Hotel.
'iTie 'pared to accommodate the traveling
1 j e and a good hostbr ,always on
&. timeT DAVI D HART.
TOW RET & S. F. AVIXSOW,
,rsuys A COUNSELLOES AIKiAW Will
.wnd.he C.»rt rf McKean
(!> [ATelUboro > Feb. 1,1853.]
t, >. DAHTT, DEXTIST,
OFFICE at bi? residence (near the
Academy. All work plaining t 0
;3 line of business'
rpicfijssos fIO CSE
cojinik, n.t: .•
A. Field, I?r f °P rretor
taken to and from the Depot Jrce.;Qf charge.
J. c. ffllirTAKlJP i
hydropathic Phyttcinn Sort li 1
■LAND, TIOGA CO., .P" , A.
rtsit patients in all parts of the C, or re
am for treatment at hia honfeo- hfarc 14,J
j. .EMERY, ;
fnR vFY i\D COI t NPELLO.k'-AT LAW
WelUboro, X.oga Co Pa Will devote bis
eidudvclv to tbo practice of la c.;
in nnv of the Northern count! :s tof, Pennsyl
, noy?l-,60
pEICVSY LV AIV 1A
~, J/aiw /Street and ibcAvtnne.ilVellfboro, Pa.
j. w. sicroxv, proprieMK'
popular Hotel, having been JSfilfc.d nnd ro
od throughout, is now open to tjhe sjpnblic as a
us house. 1 ?*1
IK WALTOS HCOE,
fER.VILTEA, PROPRIETOR. .
Gaines, Tio^a County, I %.
>S is a new hotel located within' f,\y access o
", best fishing and limning gtomijli in Noilhern
; 3 pilot will be spared for the j-es fimmodati»)n
mre seekers and the traveling ptth(|o. >
il 12.1 SCO. . ■/ ’
C. C. C. CAIWJBELI.,
UZBEK AND JIAIR~-DK.ESSER
jjf in the roar of tbo Post Office. Everything in
toiiDc will b-Q iione as well and promptly as it
kdone in tho city saloon*.- Preparations for re*
tiwidrulT, and beautiCyitij hair, for solo
l Hair ami whisker* dyed any coloj> Call and
ffelhboro. SepL 22, 1859. , /
THE COBNIKO JOtßf AL.
urge W. Pratt, Editor -and ;;t’s)Het<>r.
Ip-.Khka of Corning. Steuben Co., iff?;, at One
Whr and Fifty Cents per year, in a? yancc. The
rail! Kcpjibiican in politics, and J is a circuia
irachinr intoevery part’of Stouhf | Connty.—
ndeiiroua of-extending their basin e ft into that
iihliijoiaipg counties prill find it anipttcUent «d
-aiaj mediiioi. Address as above, vj '
JHOTTfIEIs,
WELX.SBOROUGH, BA.£ ? 1
t FARR, - - - -* - ■ f^QPIGETOn:
[Furwrly of the United #«(<:« lijo&S.) ' ,
[jriaj leased this well-known *yid popular HoUfe, |
a'j (be of the public* AVith attentive
.iWlgm* waU-ir?, together with tfcft proprietor 8 ■
itlelge of tlie business, hs hopes the stay j
rho stop with him both/iplcaganl and j
wile. ’* !
Kb'wm, Hay 31,15G0.
PICTURE FRAM^.
WSJ (jCASS£6, Portraits#:Pictures; Certificated
.iagranngs. Needle Wort, &c., Ac,,- framed in
manner, in pbun and *ited Gilt.
■ Black Walnut,' «tc.- Fer-
JltlTiG* anv article for frainlagt l* telve them
iity framed in any style tboy wish’ u i bung for
t Specimens at
B.MITIVS-- EOOjS jXORE.
E. B. BENEDICT, Hf.
jr-JVLD inform the public that heis'p jrtnnnently
If located in ElkUnd ,Boro» {,'<>.• ra., nnd
spared by thirty years’ experience to {feat nil djs
«iwf the eyes and their (j»|i scientific
w?k*i and that he cun’ cure without-full, that
nihl called St.•'Vitus’ Panee,' {Chute*
l " 5 1 -o,) and will attend t<£ any
of Physic and Surgery.- '*l (
tod Horn, Augusts, 150& J /’ t '
tIWFLOUK AND FEEU) fISTORE
1 R : j
IN WELLSBORO* ( |
Thnh'cnber wcaild respectfully jnfornxjthc people
•fllfivru and \ luiuty that hfc has opptlcd a ’
hOUR & FEED StEORE
*!s« above Wright’s Flour Store, oif ‘Main St.,
will kee| constantly on hand ns good an ns-
FLOUR und'F-EED as can be found in
he will sell cheap ?° r cash. Also,
Ofsorlinent of
Choice Wines and liquors,
superior <]u;iUty. find warranted free from ndnl
-I:>™.:>™. ninth he will sell to Lumbcripoii ond others
'f't'-ile, cheaper than any other establishment in
J; EATON.
’Wore, Dec. 10, ISfiQ. • j:
fASaiONABIiE MILUNERY SHOP,
MAIX ST„ WELLSBOBO.''
\P SS PAI’LIXE SMITH has just purchased hoi
f.UL AXI) WINTER GOOI '5, ■ .
Abtln* of Straws of nil kinds, 1 Pa Jem XJaIF,
lib” uWor3 > Velvets, Silks' of °all kJads,
, KIKBS OF TRIMMINGS.
a call from tbelttims of‘Wt lUboro and
, frying confident Iha-t •, I,
8E & GOODS WILL BEAK INSfo ‘CTION, ‘ .
favor *hly with those oT of’ f establish-'
11110c «ant)-'5n regard to pHcs: ,**;
t£ “ I EACIIixg a XT) PRESSING done inn
Ottener. - - . ‘ A;
cfirh« at the residence of C. Wii jams, oppo-
(J 3 ARLESTQN~PLODIUNG M ILLS.—
' BrRIaHT <s* r. ■
the best mills in the C]}C Jy. are now
(v “ do K
l4! a‘ f ’ lu ® «.h, IWcrcliaaf. Work,
ever f thing that can ha doho in Country
to give perfect satisfaction. 1 ' ”, ■
F tOOR, MEAL AMD FEED,
* AI ffiIOLES ALE f)R . •
H' t t r v. in Wellßboref, or ah the .{nik- Cash or
?ood« for sra * a a * th® war jetjprice.
ehcend free of charge sr kh » the corpp-
v . TO , WKIGIIX [lt;-BAILEY.
13, !BfU k .
M i’LOLTIj tb> itip anil c >eap t at ’
■ WMQUTB.
i . *r
THE agitator
VOL. VIII.
THE PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE,
Felloio-Citizens tf ihe Senate i I
and Hpvse of Representatives:
In the midst of unprecedented political
troubles, .we lave cause ofgreSt gratitude to
God for unusual good health and most abundant
harvests.
You will not be surprised to.learn that, in
the peculiar exigenciesof the times, our inter
course with,foreign nations has been jattended
with profound solicitude, chiefly turning upon
our dcraestic affairs. A disloyal portion of the
American people have, during the whble year,
been engaged in an attempt to divide! and'de
stroy the Union. A nation which endures fac
tious domestic division is exposed to disrespect
abroad, and one party, if not both, is sure,
sooner or later, to invoke foreign intervention.
Nations thus tempted to interfere are hot al
ways able to resist the counsels of seeining ex
pedience and ungenerous ambition, although
measures adopted under such influences sel
dom fail to be unfortunate and injurious to
those adopting them; The disloyal cijtizens of
the United States, who have offered thp ruin of
our country in return for the aid and ! comfort
which they have invoked abroad, have received
less patronage and encouragement than they
probably expected. If it were just to Suppose;
as tjhe'insurgents have seemed to assume, that
foreign nations in this case, discarding' all
moral, social, and treaty obligations, would act
solely and selfishly for the most speedy resto
ration of commerce, including, especially, the
acquisition of cotton, those nations appear as'
yet not to.have seen their way to their object
more directly or clearly through the 'destruc
■ tion then through the preservation of tb : Union.
If we could dare to believe that foreign nations
are actuated by no higher principle than this,
I am quite sure a second arguraebt could be
made to show them that they can I reach their
aim more readily and easily by aiding fo crush
this rebellion than by giving encouragement to
it. The principal lever relied on by the insur
gents for exciting foreign nations to hostility
against us, as already intimated,' is the embar
rassment of commerce. Those nations, how
ever, not improbably saw from the fifqt that it
was the Union which made as well ouf foreign
as our domestic commerce.' They can scarcely
have failed to perceive that the effort for disun
ion products the existing difficulty, and that one
strong nation promises' more durable! peiice,
and a more extensive, valuable, and Ireliable
commerce, than can the same nation! broken
into hostile fragments. 1
It is not my purpose to review bur discus
sions with . foreign Slates, because, whatever
might be their wishes or dispositions, too integ
rity of our country and tho stability of our
Government mainly depend, not Upon them,
hut on the loyalty, virtue, patriotism-,land in
telligence of the Americun people. The cor
respondence itself, with the usual reservations,
is herewith submitted. I venture l to hope it
will appear that we have practiced prudence
and liberality toward foreign pnwrirs, tvcrtlng
causes of irritation, and, with firmnes-, main
taining our own rights and honor. Since, how
ever; it is apparent that here, as in ovary other
State, foreign -dangers necessarily attend do
mestic difficulties, I recommend that adequate
and ample measures be adopted for maintain
ing the public defence on every side. While,
under this general reccommendatinn, p revision
f. r (Wending our coa'st lino readily occi rs to the
mind, I also, in the same connection, as|k theja’-
tention of Congress to our groat lakes arid rivirs.
It is believed Ihkt sonfe fortifications and deplots
of arms and munitions, with harbor nnd nivi
gation improvments, at well-selected punts bp
on these, would he of great importance to the
ivationahdefencc and preservation. J
lask attention !o the views of the c r
War, expressed in his RcpsU, upon the sa|me
general subjects. 1
I deem it of importance that the loyal re
gions of East Tennessee and Western North
Carolina sliould be connected with Kentucky
and other faithful parts of the Union by rail
road ; I therefore rcccommcnd, as a military
measure, that Congress provide for the cjon-'
struction of such road ns speedily ; as possible.
Kentucky "ill no doubt, cooperate, alnd,.
through -her Legislature, make the most ju
dicious selection yf a line. The Northern :er
minus must connect with some existing rail
road, and, whether the route shall be from
Lexington or Nicbolasville to the Cumberland
Gap, or from Lebannn to the Tennessee line in
the direction of Knoxville, or on |some differ
ent line, can easily be determined. Kentucky
anji the General Government cooperating, the
work can be com) letod in a Very! short time,
and when done it will henot orjly ojf vast pres
ent usefulness, but also a valuable; permanent
improvement, worth its cost inj all ithe futuie.
‘ Some treaties, designed chiefly for the inter
ests of commerce, and having n|o grave political
importance, have been nego’Saited, and will be
submitted to the Senate for thelir consideration..
Although we have failed to indhee some of the
Commercial powers to adopt a desirable mel or
ation of the rigor of war, we have
removed all obstructions from 'the way of this
humane reform, except such jis are merely of
tempory and accidental occurrence. 1 invite
.your attention to the correspondence between
far Britanic Majesty’s Minister, accredited to
i this Government, and the Secretary of Stale,
relative to the detention of tbe British snip
Perthshire, in June last, by the Upited States
steamer' Massachusetts, for a supposed broach
of the blockade. As this detention jraa occas
ioned by ah obvious missapprphehsion ’of the
facts, and ns justice' requTrefsj that we should
commit no belligerent act not founded in strict
’fight as sanctioned by public law, I raceptn
rnchd that an appropriation ho made to satisfy
■the reasonable demand of the! owhers of the
vessel for her detention. ‘ j ■
I repeat the roocommendation of my prede
cessor; in Ins' annual message to Congress,itL
•Decediber last;' in regard to the disposition of
the shr'plus ‘which will probably remain after
'satisfying "the claims of American citizens
against China, pursuant to the awards of |the
Commissioners under the act-of }the 3d of Match,
■tfiso.' ■ [■ ; ; '
dd be deeped aivisable to
If, however, it shew. _ B>eu
carry that recommendation intjj effect, 1 would
suggest list authority be given for investing
I > 1 .
to tDc Extension of t&fc 0«a of iFretSrom anU Vbt Ssotas of l&taltDg j&cfovm.
IVHILE THERE
WELLSBORO, TIOGA COIJIOT, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. DECEMBER 11, 1861.
SHALL BE A WRONG UNRIGHTED, AND UNTIL “MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN!’ SHALL jcEASE,, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE,
the principal', over thp, proceeds of'the surplus
referred to, in good securities, with a view to
the satisfaction ■of such other, claims of onr
citizens against China as are ; not unlikely to
arise hereafter - in tbej course of our extensive
trade with that Empijre,
By the act of the sth of August fast,. Con
gress authorized the President to instruct the
commanders of suitable vessels to defend them
selves against and to capture pirates. This
authority has been' exercised in a single in
stance only. For tbej more effectual protection
of onr extensiv'e iftndlvnlaable commerce in the
Eastern seas, especially, it seems to me that it
would also be advisable to authorize the com
manders of sailing-vessels to recapture any
prizes which pirate? [may make of the United
States vessels and their cargoes, and the Con
sular Court established by law in eastern coun
tries to adjudicate tlie cases, in the event that
this should nqt be objected to by the local au
thorities.
If any-good rsasop exists why we should
persevere longer in .withholding our recognition
of the independence land sovereignty of Ilayti
and Liberia, lam unlable to discern it. Unwil
ling, however, to inaugurate a novel policy in
regard to them wjthput the approbation of Con
gress, I submit tb ypur consideration the ap
propriation fur maintaining a Charge d’ Affaires
near each of thesp new States. .It does not ad
mit of doubt that important commercial advan
tages might be secured by favorable treaties
with them.
The operations of the Treasury during the
period which has elapsed since your adjourn
ment have been conducted with signal success.
The patriotism of thb people has placed-at the
disposal of the Government the largo means
demanded by the public exigencies. Much of
the National loan hai been taken by citizens of
the industrial classes, whose confidence in their
country’s faith, and zeal for their country’s de
liverance from its present peril, have induced
them to contribute to the support of the Gov
ernment the whole of their limited acquisi
tions. This fact imposes peculiar obligations
to economy, in disbursement and energy to
action.
The revenue from all sources, including loans,
for the financial year ending on the 30th of
June, 18G1, wa5,586,535,900 27, and the expen-'
ditures fy.r the same period, including payments
on account of the public debt, were $84,578-
034 47, leaving a balance in the Treasury on
the Ist of July of BO for the first
quarter of the financial year ending on the 30th
September, ISOI. The receipts from all Sour
ces, including the balance of July 1, were
8102,532,500 27, and the expenses $98,239,-
733 09, leaving a balance on the Ist of October,
1861, of $4,292,770 18. ' ■ '
Estimates for the remaining three quarters
of the year, and for the financial year of 1863,
together with his views of the ways and means
fur meeting the demands contemplated by them,
will he submitted to Congress hy the Secretary
of the Treasury. It is gratifying to know that
the expenses made necessary by the rebellion
are not beyond tbe resources of t|ie loyal peo
ple, and to Lciieve that the same patriotism j
which has thus far sustained the Government I
will continue to sustain it till‘peace and union
shall again bless tlie,land.
I respectfully refer to the report of the Sec
retary of War for information respecting the
numerical strength of the army, and for recom
mendations having in view ah increase of its
efficiency and the well-being of ’ the various
branches ef the service intrusted to his care."
It is gratifying to know that the patriotism of
the people has proved equal to the occasion,
aud. that the numberof troops tendered greatly
exceeds the force which Congress authorized
pie to call into the field. I refer with pleasure
to those portions of his report which makes al
lusion to tbe creditable degree of, discipline al
ready attained by oiil' troops, and to the exeeb
lent sanitary condition of the entire army.—
The recommendation of the Secretary for an
organization of the militia upon a uniform ba
sis is a subject of vital importance to the future
safety of the country^and is commended to the
serious action of Congress. The large addi
tion to the regular army, inVmncotion with
the defection that hap so considerably dimin
ished the number of its officers, gives peculiar
importance to his recommendation for increas
ing the corps of Cadets to the greatest capacity
of the Military Academy. By mere omission,
I presume, Congress has failed to provide Chap
lains for the Hospitals occupied by’ the Volun
teers.' The suhje,ct WaB brought to my notice,
and I was induced td draw up' the form of a
letter, one copy of which, properly addressed,
has been delivered to each of the persons and
at tlie dates respectively named, and stated in
a schedule containing also the form of the let
ter A, and herewith; transmitted. These gen
tlemen, I understand, entered upon the duties
designed at the times respectively stated in
and hajro labored faithfully there
in ever since. , 1 therefore recomjpend that
they be compensated at the same rate ns Chap
lains in the army, j I further suggest that gen
eral provision be for chaplains to serve at
hospitals as well os with regiments.
The Report of thp Secretary of the Navy
presents ineletail the operations of that branch
of the service, tbe 'activity and energy which
have characterized] its administration, and the
results of measures to increase its efficiency
and power. Such have been the additions, by
construction and purchase, that it may almost
be said a Navy has been created and brought
into service since pur difficulties commenced.
Beside blockading pur extensive coast, squad
rons, larger than eyejr before assembled under
our flag, have been jput afloat, and performed
deeds which have increased our naval renown.
I would invite special attention to the recom
mendation of the Secretary for a more perfect
■organization of the! Navy, by introducing ad
ditional grades in tile service. The presen.t.on
ganization is defective and unsatisfactory, and'
the suggestions submitted by the Department
will, it is believed, if adopted, obviate the diffi-'
culties alluded to, promote" the harmony and
increase the efficiency of tbe Navy.
There are. three '(vacancies on the Bench of.
tbe Supreme Ceurt.itwo by the decease of Jus
tices Daniel and McLean, and one by the resig
nation of Justice Campbell. .1 have 60 far for-
borne making nominations to fill th I
for rthsons which I wilt now ststi
tbe outgoing Judges resided in the I
overran by revolt, so that if suoce:
appointed in the same localities ther
now serve upon the circuits, and a
most competent men there probably
lake the; personal hazard of acceptir
even!here upon the Supreme; Bench.
I'have been unwilling to throw
pointroeatp Northward, thus disabl
from doing justice to the South on
of peace, although I may remark th
fer "to the North one which has hero
in the Sputhj would not, with refer*
ritorj'and'population, be unjust. !
long and brilliant judicial career
McLean, his circuit grew into an ea
gether too large for-any one Judge ti
Courts therein more than a nominal n
rising iip population from 1,470,018 i
6,151,405 in 1800. Beside this, tli
generally has outgrown our press;
system.
If uniformity -wag at nil intended,
requires that all the States shall be
dated with Circuit Courts attended I
Judges; while in fact Wisconsin, |
lowa, Kansas, Florida, Texas, Calif
Oregon, have never had any such Co(t
Nor can this well be remedied i
change of the system, because thej
Judges to the Supreme Court enough
commodation of nil parts of the coil
Circuit Courts, would create a Courti
too numerous for a Judicial body of
and the evil of it be one that will ii
new States come into the Union. (
Circu : t Courts, are useful or thd
useful. If useful, no State should j
them. If not useful no State should!
Let them ho provided for all, or abolj
all. I
Three modifications oconr to mg, either of
which I think would be an improvement upon
our present system. Let the Supreme Court
be of convenient nnmher in every efent.
Then, first, let the whole country ibe divided
into circuits of convenient size, the Supreme
Judge to serve in a number of thorn,, corres
ponding to their own number and independent
Circuit Judges be provided for all the rest.
Or, secondly, let the supreme Judges be re
lieved from Circuit duties, and Circuit Judges
provided for all the C.rcuits. |
Or, thirdly dispense with Circuit Quarts alto
gether, leaving the Judicial functions wholly
to the District Courts, and an inldependen
Supreme Court
1 respectfully recommend to the considera-
I tion'.of Congress the present condition of the
statue laws, with the hope that Cunjgress will
the hope that Congress will be able to find an
easy remedy for many of the inconveniences
and evils whiclrconstantly embarrnsji those en
gaged in the pmctioal administration of them.
Since the organization of the Government. Con
gress has enacted si me five thousand acts and
joint resolutions, which fill more than six
thousand closely printed pages, and are scat
tered through many volumes. Many of these
acts have been drawn in haste, and without
sufficient caution, so that their proiji'i ms are
often obscure in themselves, nr in cojnflict with
each oilier, or at least so, doubtful asj to render
it very difficult fur even the best-informed per
sons to ascertain precisely what the statute law
really is. It seems to me very important that
the stntnelawß should he made ns pl|in aod in
telligible as possible, and be reduced jo as small
a compass as may consist with the fullness and
precision of the will of the legislatulre-and the
perspicuity of its language.' This, |well done,
would, I think, greatly facilitate the (labors of
those whoso duty it is to assist in tlje adminis
tration of the laws, and would be a laf ling bene
fit to the people, by placing before them in a
more accessible and intelligible from the laws
which so deeply concern their interests and
their duties. lam informed by sojue whose
opinions I re*pect that all the acts of Congbess
now in force, and of a permanent arid general
nature, might be revised and rewritten so as to
be embraced in one volume, or at two vol
umes of ordinary and conveient size ; and I
respectfully recommend to Congreps to con
sider the subject, and if my suggestion be ap
proved, to devise such plan os to their wisdom
shall see most proper fyr the atlalnnjient of the
end proposed.
One of.the unavoidable consequences of the
present insurrection is the entire suppression
in many pieces of all ordinary meanC of admin
istering civil justice by the officers and in the
forms of existing law. This is tlfe case in
whole or in part-jn all the-insurgent States,
and as our armies aJvSneejjpon and take pos
session of parts of those
evil becomes niore apparent. The-e arS"nq_
courts, nor officers to whom the citizens ofnthjf
er States may, apply for the enforlament of
their lawful claims against citizens ol'the insur
gent States, and there is a vast amount of debt
constituting such claims. Some -have estima
ted it ns high !as $200,000,000, due in large
part from insurgents, in open rebellion to
loyal citizens who are even now making great
sacrifice in the discharge of their patriotic duty
to support the Government. Under these cir
cumstances 11 have been urgently solicited to
establish by military power courts tt} adminis
ter summary justice in such cases. , have thus
far declined hf do it, not because I had any
doubt that the end proposed, the co lection of
the debts, wqs just and right in itse f, but be
cause I am unwilling to go beyond the pres
sure of the necessity in the unusual exercise, of
power.. But the powers of Congress, I suppose"
»re equal to the anomalous occasion ; and there
fore,! refer the whole matter to Congress, with
the hope that a plan may ha devissd fur the
administration of justice in all such f arts nf the
insurgent Spates and Territories as may be un
der the control of this Government, whether by
a voluntary return to allegiance and order, or
.by power ojf our anns; this boweve r, not to be
a permanent institution but a tempniary substi
tute, and to soaso as soon as the ordinary courts
can be re-established in pence.
It is important!'that some more convenient
means should bo pr ivided, if possible, for the
adjustment of claims against the Government,
especially 'in view of their increased cum bar
by|rcasori of the war. It 'is as much the duty
of Government to render prompt’ljustice'against
itself in favor of citizens as it is to adnjinister
the same between private individuals.
The inveistigation and adjudication of claims,
in their nature, belong to the judicial depart
ment ; besides, it is apparent that the attention
of Congress will be more than usually engaged
for some time to come Vrith great national
questions.
vaeShcres
. Two of
States now
ssoijs were
could not
any of the
would not
ig to serve
all the ap
ing, myself
the return
i it to trans
itofore been
:nce to ler-
During the
of Judge
mpire- alto
o give the
ittendarvoe,
in 1830, to
ib country
nt judicial
It was intended by the organization of the
Court of Claims mainly to remove this branch
of business from the halls of;Congress ; but
while the Court has proved to be an effective
and valuable means of investigation, it in a
great degree fails to effect the object of its cre
ation, for want of power to make its judgments
final. ,
Fully aware of the delicasy/not to say the
dagger of the subject, I commend to your care
ful: consideration whether this power of making
judgments final may not properly be given to
the; Court,' reserving the right- of appeal on
questions oif law to the Supreme Court, with
smjh other {provisions as experience maj»}iave
shown to be necessary. 1
the system
i accommo
;y Supreme
Minnesota,
fornia, and
Hurts.
I ask attention to the report of the Postmas
ter-General, the following being a summary
statement of the condition of the Department;
The revenue from all sources {during the fis
cal year, ending June 30, 1801; including the
annual permanent appropriation of §700,000
for the transportation of free mail matter, was
$9,049,290 40; being about about two per cent
less than the revenue for 1800. i The expendi
tures were thirteen millions six hundred and
six thousand seven hundred and fifty-nine dol
lars and eleven cents, showing{a decrease of
more' than eight per cent as compared with
those of thi previous year, and j leaving an ex
cess of expenditures over the revenue for the
last fiscal year of over $507,402,71. The gross
revenue for ; the year ending June 30, 1863, is
estimated at an increase of four per cent on
teat of 1801, making §8,083,000. ito which sho’d
be added the earnings of the department in
carrying free matter, viz, §700,000, making
$9,383,000. The total expenditures for 1803
are' estimated at $12,528,000, leaving an esti
mabed-deficieny ofs3, 145,000, ,to he supplied
from the Treasury, in addition tp the perman
ent appropriation. ||
The present insurrection shows, I think, that
tile extension of this district across the Potomac
River, at the time of establishing the capital
here, was eminently wise ; and;;consequently,
that the relinquishment of that* portion of it
which lies within the State of Virginia was tin
wisp and dangerous. I suhmitjjfor your con
sideration the expediency of regaining that
part of tlie district, and the restoration of the
original boundaries thereof, thro’ negotiations
with the State of Virginia. ;
(without a
adding of
fur the ac
mtry, with
altogether
; any sort,
ucreaee as
!y are not
ibo denied
nave them,
ished as to
The report of the Secretary of the Interior,
with the accompanying documents, exhibits
the condition of llio several branches of the
public business pertaining to that department.
The; depressing influences of the insurrection
have been especially felt in tins j operations of
the Patent and General Land-Offices. The cash
receipts from the sales of poh'icj lands'during
the past year have exceeded the expenses of
our land system only about $2p0,000., The
sales have been entirely suspended in the
Southern States, intenjuptions to the
business of the country and the diversion of
large numbers of men fro’m_-latyor to military
service "have obstructed settlements in the new
States and Territories of the North-IVest. The
receipts of ilhe Patent Office have declined in
nine months about §lOO,OOO. rendering a large
reduction of the force employed necessary to
make it self-sustaining. -
The demands upon the Pension-Office will he
largely increased by the Insurrection. Numer
ous Applications fur pensions- based upon the
casualities of the existing war, have already
been made.; There is reason to believe that
many who arc now upon the pension-roll, and
in receipt of the bounty of tbe,’ Government,
arc in the ranksmf the ill; urgent army, or giv
ing ‘them aid and comfort. Tlie Secretary of
the Interior has directed a suspension of the
payment of the pensions of such {persons, upon
proof of (lieir disloyalty. 1 recommend that
Congress authorize that officer! to cause the
names of such persons to be stricken from the
pension roll.
The relations of the Governnient -with the
Indian tribes have been greatlyj disturbed by
the insurrection, especially in jt lie Southern
superintendeney, and in that ofj New-Mexico.
The Indian country South of Kansas is in pos
session of the insurgents from .Texas and Ar
kansas. The Agents of the qnited States,
appointed since the 4th of Jljjroh for this
superintendency, have been unable to reach
their posts, while the most of those who were
in office before that time havejiespoused the
Insurrectionary cause and assutio to exercise
the powerasnrgentg__by virtue of; commissions
from tbe insurrectionists? —LJjae becii stated
in the public press that a portion fff"thcse In
dians, have been'organized as a.qnilitary force,
and ! attached to thj army of thje insurgents.'
Although the Government has rjo official infor
mation upon the subject, lettqijs have been
written to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs
by several prominent chiefs, giving assurance
of tlieir loyalty to the United States, and ex
pressing a wish for the presence! pf the Federal
troops to protect them. It isj believed that,
upon the repossession of the Country by the
Federal furies, the Indians willjrapidly cease
all hostile .demonstrations, amli resume theit
forrper relations to the Governed mt. ;
Agriculture, confessedly the Urgest interest
of the natiuift, has not a departn ent nor a bu
reau, but a clerkship Only-, aligned to the
Government. While it is fortunate that this
great interest is so independent in its nature ns
not to have! demanded and extorted more from
the Government, I respectfully ask Congress to
consider wibbther something more cannot bo
given voluntarily with advantage.—
Annual reports exhibiting lliq condition of
■our{agriculture, commerce, and||raanafaotures,
■would present a fund of information of great
practical value to the country. I While I make
no suggestion ais to details. I venture the-opin
ion 'that an; Agriouhural and Satistioal Bureau
might profitqlily be organized.
The execution -f the laws fur the suppression
Advertisements will be charged $1 pertqnare of !•
lines, one or three insertions, and 2b cents for
subsequent insertion. Advertisements ol lees than !•
linos considered as a square. Tbe subjoined rates will
be charged for Quarterly, Jlalf-YearJy and Nearly ad*
vertisemems;
Square, -
2 do.
i column, - - 3,00 9,50 12,60
i doi - 16,03 20,00' 3M*
Column, - - 25,00 35.00 a W,‘W ’
Advertisements not having tbenumbvrof foftertlwt
desired marked upon them, will be published until or*
dered oat and charged aec rdhigly.
Posters, Handbills, Bill-Hends, Letter-Heads andell
kinds of Jobbing donein- conn try establishment*, **•
ecu ted neatly am) promptly. Justices',. Constable's*
and other BLANKS constantly on band.
ii NO. 18.
of the African- slave-trade has been confided to
the Department of the Interior. It isasnhject
of. congratulation that the efforts which hare
been made for the suppression of this inhuman
traffic bare been recently attended with un
usual success. Five vessels been fitted out f«r
the slave-trade have been seized and condemned.
Two mates engaged in the trade and one per
son in equipping a vessel as a slaver have beeu
convicted and subjected to the penalty of fine
and imprisonment, and one captain taken' with
a cargo of Africans on board his -vessel baa.
been convicted of the highest grade of efiensa
under our laws, the punishment ef which ta
dearth.
The Territories of Colorado, Dakota and Ne
vada, created by the last Congress have .beeu
organized, and civil administration bae been
inaugurated therein under auspices especially "
gratifying when it is considered that the leaven
of treason was found existing in some of these
new countries when the Federal officers arrived
there. The abundant natural resources of these
Territories, with the security and .protection
afforded hy organized government, will doubt
less iuvito to them a large immigration wbfirT
peace shall restore the husines of the country p
to its accustomed channels. I submit the reso- i
lutlons of the Legislature of Colorado, which ■ i
evidence the patriotic spirit.of the people of
that Territory. So far the authority of the D.
States has been upheld in all the Territories, •
as it is hoped it will be in the future. I com
mend their interests.and defense to the enlight
ened and generous care of Congress.
I recommend to the favorable consideration
of Congress the interests of the District:of Col
umbia. The insurrection has been the causa
of much suffering ahd sacrifice to its inhabi
tants, and, as they have no representative iu« t
Congress, that body should not overlook ifecir
just, claims upon the Government. '
At your late session, a joint resolution wa*
adopted, authorizing! the President to take
measures for facilitating a proper representation
of the industrial interests of the United State* ,
at the Exhibition of thje Industry of all Nations,
to be Holden at London in the year 1862. I -
say I have been unable to give person- ~
al attention to this subject; a subject at once
so interesting in itself and so extensively and *
intricately connected With the material pros
perity of the world. (Through the Secretaries
of State and of the Interior, a plan or system
has -been devised andj partly matured, which
will be laid before you! * .
Under and by virtue of the act of Congress,
entitled an act to confiscate property used fur
insurrectionary purposes, approved August 6,
1861, the lega' claims of certain persona to the
labor and services .of certain other person*
have become forfeited, and numbers of tb«
latter, thus liberated, are already dependent on
the JJnited Stales; and roust he provided 'for in
some wav. Beside this, it is not impossible
that some of the States will pass similar enact
ments for their own benefit respectively, and
by the operation of which persons of the same
class will be thrown upon them far disposal.
In such case, I recommend that Congress pro
vide far accepting such persons from such State*
according to some mode of valuation in ■lien
pvohantu u f direct taxes, or upon some other
plan to bo agreed upon with £uch States res
pectively that such peitsons.on such acceptance
by the General Government, bo at once decoded
freehand that in any event steps be taken fee
colonizing both classes, or the onu first men- ■
tinned if the other shall not be brought into
existence, at some place or places in a climate
congenial to them. It might be well to con
sider, too, whether the free-colored people
already in the United Stntes-could not, so far
as individoals may desire, be included in such
colonization. To carry out Che plan of colon
ization may involve the acquiring of territory
and also , the appropriation of .money beyotid
that to lie expended ip the tinctorial acquisi
tion. Having practiced the acquisition'of ter
ritory for nearly GO years, the question of con
stitutional power to do so is no longer aft open
one with us. The power was at first question?
ed by Mr. Jefferson, who, however, in the pur
chase of Louisiana, yielded his' scruples on the,
plea of great expediency. If i,t be said that the
only legitimate object'of acquiring territory is
to furnish homes for white men, this measure
effects that object, for the emigration of colored
men, leaves additional room for white men "re
maining or coming here. Mr. Jefferson, however
placed the importance of procuring Louisian*
mere on political and commercial ground, than
on providing room for population. On this
whole proposition, including the appropriation
of money with the acquisition of territory.doe*
not the expediency amount to absolute neces
sity that without which the Government cannot
he perpetuated if the war continues. 1
In considering the policy to be adopted for
suppressing the insurrection) I bave been
anxious and cartful that, the- inevitable con*
diet for this porpn.se slia 1 obt degenerate
into a violent mid remorseless revolutionary
stru-rirle. I hive, therefore, in' every case,
thought it proper 'o beep the integrity of :
the Lini u prominent as the primary object |
of the contest on our part, leaving all ques* I:
tions which are nut of vital military impor- y
tance to" the more deliberate sioiion of . .the
1, ■gisiafure. In t'Ke exercise of my best
discretion I have adhered to the blockade of
the port;; held fay the insurgents instead of
patting in force by proclamation -the law of
Congress enacted, at the late session, foy
closing-ibo.-e poi'ts. feo, also, obeying the
dictates of prudence as well as the obligations
of law, instead of transcending, L have ad
hered to the ucl of Congress to confiscate
property u-ed for insurrectionary purposes.
It a new law upon the-saaic subject shall bo
proposed,!ts propriety will be duly considered
The Union must be preserved, and hevu-e all
indispensable means most be employed. 'Va
shouid not be in iiasfe to determine that
radical and extreme measures, 1 which may
reach the loyal as well as the disloyal, *r«
indispensable. ■ . .
The Inaugural Address at the begrnnmg
of the Administration and the Message to
Congress at the late sp- ci-d s s-ioo, were both
Rates of Advertising.
3 KOSTH9. 6 HOlflH*. . 12 «OST«»
$3,00 $4,59 i«, 0»
5,00 6,50 s* 8,99
8,50
7,00
Ca-iiinutd oa I'ajc.
"10,6*