liras of Publication. ,
CODSXT AQITATOB i* published
. Morning, and mailed to subscribers
itsle price of , ; .
iQLLAB PER '
mce. to notify every
' tebm for which be has paid shall
»figures onthe printed label on the
>r. . The paper will then be stopped
ittanee bo By this ar
oah be brought in debt to the
ihb
,tio Paper of the County,
•adUyincregsing circulation reach-
M orhoodin'the County. It is sent
subscriber .within* the county
convenient post office may he
■ 'i • : ‘ • :
ixceedii jj 5 lines, paper inoln r
J. c. WHI
Hydropathic Phytician and Surgeon.
ELKLAND, TIOGA CO., PENN A. ,
Will Visit-patients itfall parts of- the County, or re
ire them for treatment at MS liouae. [June 14,]. > ■
J. EMERY,
TTORNET ,AND AT LAW
Wellahoro, Tioga Co.,' Pu, : Will devote his
u exclusively to the praetieoTpf law. Collections
ids io any of the Northern counties of Penney!;
tnhu., . t>ov2l,oo_
PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE.
tner oj J lain Street and the Avenue, WelUboro, Pa.
J, Vf. BIGOBY, PROPRIETOR.
This popular Hotel, having l been refitted and re
fiirmsbfcdjhrougbout, is now open to-the public as a
: t-clasfr house. \ •
IZAAK WALTOtjf ; HOUSE,
a C. VEIUIILTEA, PROPRIETOR.
Gaines, Tioga County, Pa.
lIS is anew hotel located within eas7 access ol
the best fishing and hunting grounds in Northern
So pains will be spared for the accommodation
pleasure seekers and the traveling public.
April 12, 1860. 't
G. C. C. CAnrPBESIX,
BARBER AND EAPS-DRESSEE.
iOP in the rear of the PostEOffice. Everything in
j his line will be done *as and promptly as it
in be done in the city saloons*: Preparations for re
novins dandruff, and beautifilpg, the hair, for sale
Hiir and whiskers dy%v*any color. Call and
•?e. Wclhboro, Sept. 22, 1859 j r ■
THJJ COMIKG ioURSAL.
Gearge VJ. Pratt, Editor and proprietor.
at Corning. Steuben | Co., N. Y., at One
Dollar and Fifty Cents per ytlarj in advance. The
jarnal is Republican in politics, 'and has a circula
ion reaching into every part of Steuben .County.—
bow desirous of extending tbbir business Into that
id the adjoining counties 1 will find it an-escellent ad
•rtising medium. Address as, \bove.
WEUiSJBOBO-HOTIJJ-,
WELLSBOROUf PA.
. § FARR, - - -i PROPRIETOR.
(Formerly of the United Jites Motel.)
Having leased ttiis well knovf. jflDd popular‘House,
Aidts the patronage of the With attentive
id obliging waiters, together l«Hth the Proprietor's
Pledge of the business, herpes to make the stay
' those who stop with hiur both pleasant and
jresable.
Wellsboro, May 31, I 860:
PICTURE PR^IHIfIG.
CIiET GLASSES, Portraits, Pictwc.es, Certificates
. Engravings. Xeedie Ac., Ac., framed in
as newest manner, in plain 1 and ornamented Gilt.
‘535 Wood, Black Walnut, Oak, Mahogany, Ac. Per
'-a;leaving any article for framing,'can receive lh t era
siUay framed in any style they wish and bung for
sm. Specimens at " '
SMITH'S BOOK STORE. .
E. B. BENCIUCTi M. D.,
3ULD inform the public that hois permanently
<, located in Elkland Boro* Tioga Co. Pa., and
prcpired by thirty years’ experience to trfeat all dis
of the eye?'and their appendages on scientific
Inciplfs, and that he can cure without fail, that
uiful disease, called ,St. Vitus* Dance, (Chorea
f-'ic'i Ttii.) ad'i will Kttepd to any other business in
of physio and Surgery. ,V
Jiikland Boro, August 8, 1860, f'
.Jpw FLOUR AND |fIED STROKE
J
subscriber would respectfully inform the people
•f'Kllsborcijjmd vicinity that h£ has opened a
FLOUR & EEEp STORE
above Dr. Gibson's Dra£ Store, on Main St.,
“ er ® he will keep constantly on. hand as good an-as
jnment of FLOIJR and FEED-as can be found ip
■ e Market, winch'he will sell' cheap for cash. Also,
w ge assortment of , 7
Choice Wines and JLlquors,
aE °perinr quality, and warranted free from £1 (iu 1 -
"hid. be will sell to .lumbermen and others
‘Oi'lcsalc, cheaper than any otbet establishment in
" lh ™ Pennsylvania. 1 tf. J. EATON.
"dUbert, Dec. 19,15C0.. . j, ,
■ARLESTON FLOURING? MILLS.— •
Sz bailed,
;'°S secured the best mills in the County.' are now
Wtodo /V i
•»ni Work,, iTlerchant Work,
f«« everything that con be done in Country
’’ w aa 10 give perfect satisfaction.
PLOURj ME&i, AND FEED,
at Wholesale ob
r / tore ' n ,(; ll*boro f or at the mill. Cash or
angcd (nr grain at-the market.price.,
itirih^ 1^2 4^lc<> crf tree ot* charge witfiln thecofpo?
w WRIGHT & BAILEY. ,
sb °to. Feb..l3, 1801. ’
new boot, ■
'Thee &, Ipisdisg stobe
oln D - lie , r f‘ sne ' i > living leased.the formerly
b„ °P lcll y <*• W.iWeßt, intends carrying on all
t »„.u° ea the shop and leather trade. • C.ompe
tttent j are in-the Manufacturing De
fctnrj- - worl£ Warranted to (re our own ma
kinds o( ■,• ,
READY-MAbE SOpTS, AND SHOls,
haD ?i : AU kinds of Leather and Shoo
i "!fcr iff? eQßB P an tly on hand ajjd for sale at low
top,' 1 * or ready pay. • ■ ... . s
‘i« h;,i an ' i taken in ei Ja’nge for Goods
narket price. J.OJ ' EIBEROLE
‘noro, 6s*-- • isßo -
w* can ke found the rooms of
*' & ?sUty LA^R3S2fC£mLE.
-ST*
DMCTOEI.
Wfriiff HOTEL.
'■lb Proprietor.
iavo to announce to his old
generally, that be has taken
d‘ and fitted'it up in good
it as a Temperance Hotel,
accommodate the traveling
a good hostler always on
aes.- -DAVID. HART.
S. F. WILSOH,
IBLL9BS AT TAW, wiU
ioga,iPottor and McKean
18r.3-3 ’ ; •
DENTIST, .
uB'|esidence near the
Alt-work pertaining to
eef done promptly and
I-tAprU‘22,lB6B.] '
ttOCSE
N- Y.-:_
~ ; Proprietor,
•t free of char
JER,
■*#. '
'll' 'I ■ i ' .* , ■ I' .
I -• I _ ■ - -i- ; * I - * .
TIIK AOITATOL?
- I t— : ■ 1 - • " ■' ■ 1 ~ - % - . i‘
••• { ' ■= i "\l': ,i . ! . ' 'f: ' ■ C. ■'
i mttottXf to m mumftn tf>e ot iTmtym atitf ttte SjiwaSr ot mtnlWs »efowii.
' L_ •. ‘ I _ ‘ 1 ‘ . • ■- ‘ • * I
WHILE THESE SHALL BE A
i■' - ■
vot vii.
: ; PBESIDEHT’S' jMESSAQIJ.
Felloic-Citizens of the Senate -
| And of the House af Representatives
f HISTORICAL StTHMAET.. I
Haying been convened on ah extraordinary
by tie constitution, your
attention to any ordinary subject
of legislation.- - i 1
At the beginning of the present Presidential
| term; four months ago, t ie functions: of the
; federal government were found to be generally
suspended within the several States l 'of-South
Carol na, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louis
iana, and Florida, excepting those only 1 of the
Postoffice -Department. , , ' p !
Within these States al the forts, arsenals,
dock fyards, custom houses, and the like, in
cluding-the moveable and stationary property
in and about them, had b4en seized (and: held
in open hostility to this, government-: I except
ing o|ly Forts Pickens,- Ttjylor and Jefferson,
on and near the Florida coast, and Forjf Sumter,
in Charleston harbor, Carolina; j :
Thu forts thus seized hjad been put in im
proved condition, hew ones had beeh built,
and a|med forces had been organized, jojadi were
organizing, all avowedly y ith the snipe hostile
purpose. The forts remaining in the possession
of the| Federal government in and rjear these
States! were either besieged or menaced by
warlike preparations; and especially Fort Sum
ter | whs nearly surrounde i by well-protected
hostile batteries, with guns equal id -qdality'
to the|best of its own, and outnumbering the
latierJperhaps two to one. j
A disproportionate share of the Federal mus
kets a id rifles had somehow found tjaur way
into these States,, and bad been seijfed to be
used t gainst the government. Aoounjii lations
of the public revenue lyin; within theiii had
been eized for the same object. |fljp pavy
was smttered in distant seas, leaving: but a
small portion of it within tie reach o t. the! gov
ernme it.. Officers of .the Federal army and
navy lad resigned in grejat numbers, ; and of
those resigning a large proportion had-taken
up nrr is against the government. I |,
Simultaneously, and in. connection! With all
this, the purpose to sever.the FedetialjiDnion
was openly avowed. In accordance tf'fch; this
purpose an ordinance had been adopted jn jeach
of these States, declaring these States respec
tively-to be separated, from the National Union.
A formula for instituting a combined! govern
ment 6f these States had been promulgated,
and thpir illegal organisation in the Character
of Confederate-States whs already invoking re
cognit|)n, aid and intervention from foreign
ppweri , J ; :
Finding this condition oil things, and believ
ing it (|o be the imperative; duty upott'the in
coming, Executive to prevent, if the
cottsun motion of such an attempt to destroy
the Fei eral Union, a choice of means fo that
end’became indispensably, j ;
This choice was made and declared in; the
Inaugural address; The policy chosen looked
to the t xhaustion of .all peaceable measures be
fore a i esort to any stronger ones. It sought
only to hold the public places and property not
already arrested from the government, and to
collect th.e revenues, relying on the rest for
time, d seussion, and the ballot-box.
It pr imised a continuance of the -mails at
government expense, to the vast pedple Who
.were resisting the government, and. itlgave re
peated pledges against any disturbance to any
of the people or any of tbeirjrights—of all thut
a President might constitutionally and; justifia
bly do n such a case. was ! for:
borne without which it was [deemed pOssibla to
keep tb 3 government on foot. ] 1
I FORT SCMIEp. j
On tl e sth of March, the present incumbent's
first full day in office, a letter from Major 1 An
derson, commanding at Foßt Sumterj written
on the 118th of February, and receiveid at the
War Department on the 4th;of March; was by
that Department placed in j his hand,s. This
letter p offered the professional opinion.of; the
writer t iiat reinforcements cpuld not be thrown
into that fort within the time for his release
reodere 1 .necessary by thejlimited supply of
provisions, and with a view pf holding posses
sion of the same with a force of less than 20,-
r OOO gool and well-disciplined men.' This;opin
ion was concurred in by all [the officers pf t hjs
comma; d, and their memorandums on Rhe inbr
ject wete made enclosures of; Major Anderson’s
letter. > ;
The vhole was immediately laid before Lieut.
Gen. Sobtt, who at once concurred with| Maj.
Aridersi n in’ opinion. . On reflection, however,
he took full time, consulting ; with both
of the army and navy, and at the end ol[ four
days , ct me Reluctantly but j decidedly tb the
same opinion as before. Ho'also statelet the
same tit pe tliatno such suffieijent force ipad then
at th) control of the government, or could be
raised and brought, to the ground within the
time in which the provisions in the foßt would
be exhausted-; I ,
•In a purely, military poiat of view this,re
duceijl tie duty of the administration in the
ense to ;|he mere matter of getting the jgaririson
safely out of the fort. It was believed,lhow
ever,' tfa;it to so abandon thkt position linder
the circumstances, would be| utterly ruinpuaj
{hat the necessity tinder Which it was [.done
could ni;t be folly understood.; , that by many
it would be considered as a part of a voluntary
policlp; (that at home it would disorganize the
fjriends ef the Union, embolden its advers iries,
and go |ir to ensure to the latter a' recogntion
abrold. y That in fact it would be our national
destruction consummated. [This could not be
allowed] . i ,
. Starvation was not yet upon the garrison,
pud profit vrottld be reached Fort-Pickens night
bereinfproed.
; tips fast would bo a clear indication of poli
cy, and jw.ould better enable the country ,i o ac
cept the evacuation of-Fort Sumter as a mili
tary necessity. An order was at once directed
tb be sent for the labding of the’ troops-from
the Brooklyn into Fort Pickens.; This order
could nlt -go by land, but must take the 1c nger
and sloWer route by sea; ]' ' 1 r
: The filrstreturn news from; order was re
ceived just one week before. the .fall of Fort
sapter.J The news itself wjw that the officer
commanding the, to w|ioh vessel the
~ —”*rs~
| 1 WELLSBO;
been transferred from theßfooklyn,.
acting upon some ■ quasi-amiatioe of the late
adminisiration, and! of the existence'of which
the present administration, up to the time at
whjioh the order was dispatched, had only too
vajiue.apd, uncertain rumors to fix attention,
had refujsed to land the troops,. To how rein
for :e Fort Pickens' before a crisis could be
reached |at Port Sumter was impossible,.ren
deiedsojby the near exhaustion of provisions
in he latter named fort. , ' ’
in precaution against such a’conjuncture,
government had a few days before com
aced preparing ah expedition ns well adopt-’,
as might be to relieve Fort Slimier, Which
edition was intended to be ultimately used
lot, according to circumstances. The strong
anticipated case for using it! was now pre
ted, and it was resolved to send it forward.
me
ed
exj
on
.its hati been intended in this contingency,
it v ras also resolved to inform the Governor of
Sot th Carolina that he -might 1 expect an at
ten pt wciild.be made to provision the fort, and
that if tb s attempt should not be resisted, there
woi lid be no .effort to throw in men, arras or
am nunit on without , further notice, or in case
of an attack upon the fort; This notice was
acc irdringly given, whereupon the fort was at
tached. at d bombarded tofts fall, without even
awaiting the arrival’qf the provisioning expe
ditnn. , - ,
I, is thus seen that the assault and reduction
of I'ort Sumter was in no-sense a matter of
self defen >e on the part of tbe assailants. They
wel knew that the gkrrison in the fort could
by 110 possibility comhiit aggression upon them.
The f knew they werb- expressly notified that
the giving of bread to the few brave and hun
gry men f the garrison was all that would on
that occasion be attempted, unless themselves
by lesistipg so much'should provoke more.
T ley knew that this government desired to
keep the garrison in the fort, not to assail them,
but merely to maintain visible possession, and
thus to preserve thej Union from actual and
imn ediate dissolution, trusting, as heretofore
stati d, to time, djscuasion and the ballot-box
for final adjustment; rand they assailed and re
duoi d the fort for precisely the reverse object—
to d ive oit the visible authority of the Fede
ral Union, and thus force it to immediate dis
solu ;ion. That this was their object the'Exec-
utiv
A
addi
ing
not
gun
fire,
harb
and
ever
this i
ernm
ertiei
tain
no cb
of thi
ploye
etvat:
Tl >
count
trnani
tailor
cnllec
regira
60,-06
terpri
vice,
and t
time i
cause
I'h
form
most
in, N'
the D
and s
Thf
marki
great
or the
resist i
know!
Although they submitted the ordinance for
ratifit ation to. a vote of the people to bo taken,
on a i lay, then somewhat more thaq a month
distal it r the convention and the Legislature
whicl. was also in session at the same time and
place with leading men of the State not mem
bora of either, immediately commenced acting
ns if .the State were .already out of the Union.
’ROJfG TINEISHTED, AND UNTIXj "MAN’S INHUMANITY TO MAN” SHALL CEASE, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE.
0, TIOGA COUNTY, PA;, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 17, 1861.
) well understood.
id hajving said tb them in his inaugural
ess ‘fyou can have no conflict without her
yourselves the aggressor,” he took pains
inly jto keep their declaration good, but
to keep tha-oase so free from the power of
inian! sophistry, as that the world should
>e able to understand it. By the affair at
Sumier, with the surrounding circumstan
,hat point was reached,
en and thereby the assailants of the gov
ent began the conflict of arms, without a
n sight or in expectancy to return their
save only the few in the fort, sent to that
sr years before for their own. protection,
dill ready to give that protection in what
waa lawful.
DISSOLUTION OR BLOOD,
this aot, demanding all else, they have
, upon the country the distinct issue—ira
te dissolution or blood. And this issue
ices more than the fate of those United
i. .It presents to the whole family of man
aestion whether a constitutional republic
nocracy, a government of the people by
ime people can or cannot maintain its
irial integrity against their own domestic
It presents the question whether discon-
1 individuals, too few in numbers to con
ho administration • according to organic
n anylcase, cap always upon the preten
ade in its case, or on other pretences, or
arily without any pretence, break up
government, apd thus practically put an
> free government upon the earth,
broes us to asS; la there in all republics
iberent and fatftbweakness ? Must a gov
mt of necessity be.too strong for the lib
of its own people, or too weak to main-
ts own existence L- So viewing the issue
sice was left I buit to call out the war power'
■ government, ahd so to resist force em
i for its destruction by force for its pres
on. }
s call was made, and the response of the
ry was most gratifying,-surpassing in
mity and spirit the most sanguine expec
s. Yet nonejOf the States commonly
slave States, except Delaware, gave a
ent through regular State organization.
ew regiments been organized within
others of thbse States by individual en
sa and received ipto the goverpment ser-
Of course the seceded States, so called,
> which Texas bad.been joined about the
if the inauguration, gave no troops ; to the
■of the Uniojn.
s Border States, so called, werp not uni
in their action—some .of them being nl
br the Union, while in others, as Yirgin
irth .Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas,
aion sentiment was very nearly repressed
lenoed- —~ t
binia’s course.
n in Virginia was the m.ostre
-8 the most important. A con
tbc people of that State to
i question of disrupting-the
[is in -session at the capital
Fort Sumter fell. .
vine
coarse take
•ble, perhapi
n elected by
er this very
il Union, wt
•ginia when
this body th 3 people had chosen a lafge
ity of professed .Union men, and almost
iiately after the full of Fort Sumter,
members of.that majority went over to
iginal minority, and with them adopted
linance for withdrawing the State from
nion. |
ether this change was wrought by their
approval of the assault on Fort Sumter,
ir great .resentment at the government’s
mco to that assault,' is not definitely
oT; ■
They poshed military preparatioiis vigorous
ly forward all over the State; they seized the
United States armory at Harper’s Ferry and
the navjr-yard at Gosport, near Norfolk; they
received, perhaps invited into their State, large
bodies cjf troops, with their warlike appoint
ments, from the so-called seceded States.
They formally entered into 1} treaty of-tem
porary alliance and co-operation with the so
called Confederate States, and sent members to
their Congress at Montgomery; and finally
they permitted the insurrectionary government
to be transferred to their cspitol at Richmond.
The people of'Virginia have thus allowed this
great insurrection to make its nest withjn her
borders, and this government has no choice hot
to deal vjith it where it finds it.
And ilj has the less regret, tis the loyal citi
zens have, in due form, claimed its protection.
;These loyal citizens this government >? bound
jo recognise and! protect as being Virginia.
In the [Border States, so’ called—in fact, the
Middle States—there are those who favor a pol
icy which’they call armed neutrality, that is,
the arming of those States to prevent the Union
forces parsing one way, or thd disunion the oth
er, over their solF ,
This would bejdisuniqn completed. Figura
tively speaking, it would be the buiHing of an
impassable wallalong the line of separation ;
and yet rot quite ah impassible one, for ondor
the guise of neutrality, it would tie the bands
of the Union men and freely pass supplies from
among themdo' the insurrectionists which it
could not do as tin open enemy. At a stroke it
would take all the troitble off the,hands of se-,
cession, except only what proceeds from the ex
ternal blockade.
It would do for the disunionists that which
of all, things they most desirp—feed them well
and give :bem disunion without of
their own. It recognizes no fidelity to the eon
stitution--no obligation to maintain the Union,
and while very many who hate favored it. are
dtmbtless.loyal citizens, it is nevertheless very
iniurious.Jn effect.
Recurring to the action of the government, it
may be stated that at first a call was made for
75,000 militia, and tjjvpidly following this a
proclamation was issued-for closing the portsof
the insurrectionary districts by proceedings in
the nature of a blockade. So far all was be
lieved to be strictly legal.
At this point the insurrectionists announced
their purpose to enter upon the practice of pri
vateering. 1 . -
Other cjdls were-made for volunteers to serve
three years,' unless sooner discharged, and also
for large additions to the regular army and navy.
These Measures, whether strictly legal or not,
were'ventured .upon under what appeared to be
a popular demand and a public necessity, trus
ting, as now,.that Congress would readily rati
fy them. It is believed that nothing has been
done beyopd the constitutional competency of
Congress.
THE WRIT OP HABEAS CORPUS.
Soon after the l first call for militia, it was con
sidered a duty tp authorize the commanding
general, ip proper cases, according to bis dis
cretion, tolsuspehd the privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus; or in other words, taarrest and
detain, without resort to the ordinary processes
and formslof law, such individuals as he might
deem dangerousito the public safety. This au
thority has purposly been exercised but very
sparingly. | 1
Nevertheless, itho legality.; and propriety of
what has been, done under it- are questioned,
and the .attention of the country has been called
to the proposition that one who is sworn to take
care that tpe laws be faithfully executed, should
not bimsoli' violate them.
Of cours|> some consideration was given to the
question of power and propriety before this
matter was acted upon. The whole of the laws
which were required to be faithfullyjexeouted,
were beingl resisted, and failing;of execution in
nearly one-third of the States, ngrst they be al
lowed to finally fail of cxecutirfi, even had it
been perfectly clear that by,® o us ? (| f *^ e
means necessary to their execution some single
law, made jn su|ch extreme tenderness of the
citizen’s 1 berty that practically it relieves
more of tho guilty than of the inhijpentj-bhoiild
to a very limited extent be violated. To stale
the question more ditectly, are all the'lawsbut
one to go unexecuted, and the government itself
go to lest Ithat one be violated ? ,•
Even in such a case, would not the official
oath be brakeu if the government should he
overthrown, when it was believed that disregar
ding the single Ipw would tend to preserve it?
But it was not believed that this question was
presented. It Was not believed that any law
was violate 1.
The provision of the constitution that the
privilege of] the. writ of habeas’corpus shall pot
be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion
or invasion the- public safety does require it.
It was decideijl that we have a pase of rebell
ion, and that the public safety does' require the
qualified suspension of the writ which was au
thorized to |je pid(de. ISpw it is i insisted that
Congress axjd not the Executive is vested with
the power, . , i ‘
But llie-constitution itself is silent ns. to
which or who is to exercise the power, and os
the iiroviaio a was plainly mado faf a dangerous
emergency, it cannot be believed thp framers of
the instrum mt intended that in every icasp the
danger, should run its course until Congress
could be called together, the very assembling of
which mighji bo prevented, as was intended in
this case by| the.,rebellion. No more extended
prgumoht is] now offered ns an opinion pf.pproe
length will probably be presented by the Attor
ney-Generall Whether there shall be any leg
islation, upon the subject, and . if ahy, what, is
epbofiitted entirely .to the ; better judgment of
Congress. . j > (
OjUR rOEE.IGN RELAIIOXS.
iThe forbearance of. this governmentbad been
so extraordinary and so long continued as to
lead some foreign nations toshape their action
as if they supposed the early destruction of our
national Union was probable. ’' ■' ■.
, While this one discovery gave the Executive
some concern, he is now happy td say that the
sovereignty and rights of the United States are
now every where practically respected by for
eign powers,!.'and a general sympathy with the
country is manifested throughout the,world., •
. The reports of tho Secretaries of the Trea
sury, War and Navy, will; give the information
in detail deemed necessary and convenient for
your deliberation, and action ; while the "Execu
tive and all the departments will stand ready, to
supply omissions, or to communicate;new\faoU
considered important for you to know.
MBS AND ■ HONE? WANTED;
It.is how recommended that yew give the le
gal means for mating this contest a sbort and
a decisive one ; that you place at the control of
!tho government for the work at least 400,000
men apd §400,000,000. , That nnmber of men
is one-tenth of .those of- proper ages within the
regions where, apparently, all are willing to
engage ; and the sum is less than the twenty
third part of the money value owned by the
men who seem ready to devote tbewhole. ... ,
1 A debt, of six hundred millions of dollars
now is a less sum per bead than was the debt
of our revolution when we came out of that
struggle; and, the money value in the country
now bears even a greater proportion to what it
was then than dues the population. Surely
each man has as strong a motive now to pre
serve our liberties as each bad then to establish
them. .
A right result at this time 1 will be worth
more to the world than'ten times the men and
ten times the money. The evidence reaching
ui from the country, leaves no doubt that- the
material for ,lhe work is abundant, and that at
. needs only.the band of legislation to give it le
gal sanction, and the band of the Exceptive to
give it practical shape and efficiency. .One of
the greatest perplexities of the government is
to avoid receiving troops faster than it can pro
vide for them. In a word, the people will serve
their government, if the government itself will
do its part only indifferently well.
! REBEL THEORY OF SECESSION EXPOSED, , ,
; It might seem at first thought to be o£ little
difference, whether the present movement at
the South he called secession or rebellion. The
movers, however, well understand-tho difference.-
At the beginning they knew they could never
raise their treason to any respectable magnitude
by the paroe which implied violpfionof law.—
_They knew thoir people possessed as much mor
al sense, and os much of devotion to law and
order, and as much pride in and reverence' fpr
the history ahd government of, their common
country, as any other civilized and patriotic
people. They know they could make no ad
vancement directly in the teeth of the strong
and noble sentiment, - accordingly they com
menced by an insidious debaoqhingof the pub
lic mind. They inventedsan
which, if conceded, was followed by perfectly
logical steps through all the- incidents to the
complete destruction of the Union.'. The soph
ism itself is that any State of the Union may
consistently with the national constitution, and
therefore lawfully and peacefully withdraw from
the Union without tbo consent of the Union or
of any other State! ' .
The little disguise that the supposed right is
to be exercised only for just cause, themselves
to be the sole judge of its justice, is too thin to
merit any notice with rebellion. Thus sugar
coated, they have been drugging the public
mind of their section for more than thirty years,
and until at length they have brought many
good men to a willingness to take up arms
against the government the day after some, as
sembly of men have enacted the farcical pre
tence of taking their State out of thesUnion,
who could have been brought to no suet thing
the day before. ■ j
The sophism derives much, perhaps the whole
of its currency, from the assumption that there
is some Omnipotent and Sacred,Supremacy per
taining to a State, to each State 6f our Federal
Union. Our States have neither mote nor less
power than that reserved to them in the Union
by the Constitution, no one of them ever, hav
ing been a State out of the Union. The orig
inal ones passed into the Union even.befop they
cast oft’ their Hi itish Colonial dependency ; and
the new ones each came into the Union (Erectly
from a condition of dependence excepting* Tex
as, and even Texas in its temporary 1 indepen
dence was never designated ; a State. The new
opes only took the designation of States on com-,
ing into the Union, while that name was first
adopted for the old ones in and by the declara-, t
tion of independence. "q ' , . .
, Therein the limited United Colonies were de
clared-to ba free and independent States, but
ertn then-the ohject-plainly was not to declare
their independence of one apotheV, or of the
Union, but directly,the contrary, as their mu T
tual pledges and -their mutual action, before,
at the time and afterwards, abundantly show.
The express plighting of faith by each and all
'of the original thirteen in the articles of con
federation, two ypara later, that the Union shall
be perpetual, is most conelusiye.
Having never been States either in substance 1
or in name outside of the Union, whence this |
magical omnipotence of State rights, asserting j
a claim of power-to lawfully destroy; the Union !
itself? Much is said-about the sovereignty of
the States, but the word,.even, is not in the
nationukoopstitution, nor, as is believed, in any
of the Slate constutions. ' What is a sover
eignty ?
In the political sense of the term would it
be far wropg to define it a political community
without apolitical superior. Testedhy this, no
one of oar States except Texas ever was a sov
ereignty ; and Texas gave, up the character oh !
coming into! the Union, by which!act she ac
knowledged I .the constitution of the United
States, and the laws and treaties of the United
States, made in pursuance tQ the constitution
to, be for her the supremo law of the land.
The States-have their status ip the Union,
and they have no other legislature. If-they
break from this, they, can only do so against
law .and by--revolution. The Union and not
themselves separately procured Their indepen
dence and their, liberty ; by conquest,or.,pur
chase the. Union gave : each of. Them whatever
independence and liberty it had. • '
INJUSTICE OF SECESSION.
The Union is older than any of the States,-j
and in fact it created them as Statesi Origin-,;
ally some dependent Colonies mode-the Union, I
apd in turn the Union threw off their o\d depen
dence fur them and gade them States, such aq j
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Hosiers,'Handbills, Bill-Heads, Letter-Hcids dud all
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NO, 49;
they atfci Ko toneo ffh em* everhadaS to to
consdtotiohindependetrtof the Union* i.r
■. Of coarse, it is not forgotten that all die hew
Statwframedtheir constitutions beforc.they en
tered the Union, nevertheless dependent. npon,
said, preparatory; i<r, scorning into the Uniom- > 5
, Unquestionably the States have' the powers
and rights reserved to them in and by theNa?
tionai Constitution;; ; bnt among these surely
ore not in.oladod all .conceivable pojyew .hand
ever misohievons nr, destructives.. -iv »•>-,- <
But at moat, sncb Only as were known-in-thd
w.orld at the-time os governmental powers* and
certainly a power to-’ destroy, the government
itself, bad never been known os agovernmental
or a merely .administrative power... This, rela
tive matter nationai power and State rights, of
a principle, is no other than the principle of
generality and locality. .■ >•. -
Whatever concerns the whole 'should-be’ con
fided to the whole the general government;
while whatever concerns only the State should
he-left-exclusively to the State,- This'is all
there.is,of origipal principle about it.",- Wheth
er; the: notional constitution, in defining the
boundaries between the- two, has- applitd the
principle'with esapt accuracy, is not to be qnes>
tioned. -We are all-bound by that-definitely,
without question.-- What is now combatted xe
the'position that secession-b consistent—while
the constitution is lawful and peaceful. \.v<, ■
It is npt contended that there is any express
Jaw for it and nothing should over bo 'implied
as law -which leads to unjust or absurd conse
quences. ■ ■ r ■
, 'The nation purchased with'money the conn'
tries out of which several of these States were ”
formed-. Is it just that they shall go off; with-,
out leave and without refunding ?. - The nation
paid very large sums,'in the- aggregate, JJ)ev„
lieve, nearly one hundred millions, to relieve:
Florida of the aboriginal tribes;, . .. ■>- ■.
Is it just that -she shall, now -be'.off- without
consent, or without making any return ? The
nation is now in debt for money applied to thq.
benefit .of these so-called seceded States, in
common with the rest., Is it just that creditors?
shall go unpaid, or the remaining States pay
the. whole ? A part of the present national debt
was contracted to pay the old debts oft Texas*
iaut just-that she shall leave and pay no part
of this herself ?■■ • ■»
Again, if one State may secede,-so may an*
etherand when all shall have seceded,nona
are left to pay the debts.: Is this quite just to
creditors? Did'we notify them -of -this-, enga
yiew. of ours when we. borrowed their money? •'
V If we-now recognized this.ddctrine by allow
idg the seceders to go in peace, ifr-is difficult to
see what we can do if others'ehoose t»go, or to
extort terms upon which they will promise to
remain. >- -■ ; c -■ .' > r
• The seireders insist that our
mits of secession; -others have assumed to make
a-national Constitution of their own, in which
necessity they have either discarded or retained
the right of secession, as they insist it exists in
ours.- If tbeyhave discarded.it, they l thereby
admit that on principle it ought not to -be 5h
ours. ' l ■/ '
If they have retained it by their own construes
tion of onrsj they show that to be
they-must-secede from one-another whenevet
they shall find it-the easiest way of-'-settling
their debts, or effecting any other selfish or un
just object.- - ■ ‘
The principle itself is one- of-, disintegration;
and'npdn which no government can possibly
endure. s - v ‘ -• ’ rr
If all the States save one should assert ; the
power to drive that oneont.of the Union.dtis
presumed the whole classof seceded ■politieisba
would at once deny the power anddenouncethe
act, as the greatest outrage upon State rights. ;
But suppose precisely the same act, instead ■'
of being Called driving the one out,- should ‘be
called the seceding of theothersfrom tbat;on«j
it would-be exactly what the seoeders olaimtp
do, unless indeed they make the point that the
one, because it is a minority,.may rightfully do
whafctfie.otjiers, because they- are-; a > majority,
may not rightfully (10. These are
settled and profound onihe rights of minorities.
They are not partial to thot,power wbioh made
the constitution, and speaks from the preamble,
calling itself “We,the people.” ■ .
..It may well bo'questioned whether there- is
to-day ar-majority of the legally qualified voterij
of any State, except perhaps South Carolina,dn
favor of disunion. - There isinuch reason tn lie
iieve that the Union men are the majnrityilin
many, ifnot in every other one of the so-called
seceded;States.- The contrary'has not beep de
monstrated in any one of them. , It is
-to affirm this even of Virginia and Tennessee,
for the result -of'-an election-held in military
cqmps, .wheretha-bayonets are all on ! one side
of tbe-qnestion voted upon,can- scarcely he con
sidered as-demonstrating popular seDtrmonta.irj
such an election ; all that large class who - are
at once for the Union and against coercion
would - be coerced to vote against the Union.—
It may be affirmed without' extravagance that,
the free institutions we enjoy have developed
the powers and improved the condition of our
whole people beyond any example in the world,
having a-striking and impressive illustration!
So large ah army as the goverment has now
on foot was never before known, without a sol
dier in it but who had taken his place there of
his own free choice. But more than this, there
are many single regiments, whose members
possess full praotical knowledge of all the arte,
sciences, professions and whatever else, wheth'-,
ef useful or elegant, is known in the
And there is scarcely one from which could not
tfe.,selected,a President, a Cabinet, a. Congress,,
and perhaps a Court, abundantly competent to
administer the goverment' itself. .
, ;I Nor do I say this is not true of the army of,
our late friends, now adversaries, in this coni
test. But if it is, .so much better the reason
why the government which has conferred suc)i
benefits on both them: and us, should nojs ho,
•broken up.- Whoever, in any section.' fV"Rosaa
to abandon such a government, woulu i.u well,
to consider in deference to what principle it i%
tbatbedoeaitj what better he is likely to get
in its stead. _ • . . . ,"i;
. Whether.the substitute will give, or be-in*
(Concluded on fcurihpa^e.'f
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