' BDtrOATIOITAL—Wo. io.
l , [Compiled fpr The Agitator.]
• In further proof that EdueaUonincrearet the
■ produttipeness ofi tabor, we will instance a few
indentions iinddjsmiveries that bare rerolution
jied the ciyilizat«6n and fortunes of the'worid.
X\ The invehtloitof printing,- about the year
xl-ii j by Gglteubtirg, was the OVowningnct -of
moaern tifnos ( ae§,inriugorated a nesy- era in
tbebktory of nkb. Prior to. this,-all books
werewritten-witfifa pen. A copy of the Bible
T-etpitrtfd four years’ of labor, even fur. an expert
kltuc'-.was equal to that of a
’ bouse anil farm. j-.tFew, indeed, could possess
sacba-iroasuro.; IThat themdermayhavA-a
mors dpSnile idei: of jhe.scarcity and value of
the | ri-of printingwas discovered,
I will particular; le -. Benedict Bjubop of Eng
land. made no fe> 'or than five journeys.to Romo
to purchase-book' X' For one of tWe, a' volume
ofCdsmngraphy,- “ King Alfred gave him sn
’ estnte'of as mueKi land as eight ploughs- could
irtor." "In 825|” flaysMoratorl, “ a.cnm
.pletecopy of Cicero oh Oratory and Quintil
ian's Institutes eituld not be found in France. ’’
1 Jerome states thpt hej'hfid ruined himself by
-buying n copy of the Works of Origitv At
this day.they would cifsf but a few shillings at
most. In 1400, hpdksj-were so valuable because
: of. their scarcity, phafc jthey usually fetched dou
ble and treble 'their weight, in gtddi A small
- volume entitled 'Rodim de la Rose,’ 1 was sold
-for£Bo 0r§145.2(). superb copy of Mack
. Ita't'Bible, now iti .afLondon office, was sold
for£3ooo or abntit $>15,000.00. But as valua
bleasa copy of’theßible was before the "art of
•printing, and bowbyejp jar removed from the
reach-of the courtnpiii people, at the present
time.a single day's’labor t)! a common work
man -will purchase? ttvoenpica of this seeped
volume. In the books, Gutteh
burg’s invention iporeased the power of
jnatfc probably fiveftbousand fold ; and conse
quently the facilities, of spreading intelligence
in the same ratioW The Printing Press now
. serves not only to I 'ecbrji every passing event,
every useful invention, levery discovery in art
•nd science, but RiSas' also written down, and
multiplied; irr a thcissbji forms, all that is left
' -of the past history ftf mankind, Thns all hu
- man knowledge is jj,acpd upon record, scattered
-over the four quafwris of the globe, and ren- 1
• indestrnctjbleW ijny event less eXtetisive
than the devastation of. the entire surface of
the earth.' Nor is 'eveo this all; knowledge,
with its.illuntitinting is diffused among
all-classes of' men-; .it isi everywhere shedding
light upon the d«rfcfned*minds of the massp-it
ia bursting open th") .doprs of prisms, sunder
ing the fetters of 5 yranpy, spreading-abroad
the' equalising pnw r of Christianity, and teach
ing even kings and princes to look upon their
#ubject#-«» their fei low-then,- with rights as sa
' sred *» their own,. )n thfe ey 4 « of reason and of
■Ged. ■ ■ if I ' ; ’ _ .
The use of gunpi|wder is said to have been
'discovered by Beplholdj about |the
year 1300. Its ultUnatoleffeot has been to mo
dify the art of war s' to render it more depen
t Ident upon science and intellectual combinations,
'And less a conflict efciinipial strength and cour
age. It'has sunk titi padre hero of muscle into
■insignificance, anfl ;.iglvfcn ascendance to khe
-leader who combing intellect with still. ! It
has, at the same ■ tt-nXe, Revved to soften, with
oertain amenities; ini the harsh and revolting
‘aspect of the field oil battle.
~ Coeval with the in iept|on of printing, the use.
of gunpowder,, the-i’hpVifvement of navigation,
the revival pf'nnciet'| leaning,-and the Protes
. lant reformation, wrj thp discovery of America
by Columbus, ,wfaic|« is|Xhe greatest event in
history since the cv, of the Roman em
pire, and perhaps'Joe.-llfraught with greater
interests to the biftiau family than any oth
er on record. Foil aw Columbus, after hav
ing matured and d his, theory of the
‘form of the eartpj 1 kis; he wandered frpm
court to court. solieiltngithe patronage which
ignorance, hig»try7j>r fi j u dice, and pedantic
pride, so long deoW| him,, and you ever find
him incessantly toiling, [though amidst poverty.
■ ridicule, hu’miliatipn t and|dieapp(jintment which
he encountered, witlpa brave and zealous heart
singly fixed upon discovering the New .World.
At this period, the pw)pl| had made few advan
ces in useful kiMiwlckge;; | The amount of actu
al'learning was’ limited. Mathematical
knowledge was litl j qultiyated and less es
teemed. There wag .little or no knowledge of
- -the real form of thehSarlb among the musses
and even thh so-callril wise. And, in general,
the ideas of a man efid 'Jjot extend beyond iiis
own horizon.' Whet’-Culunihus had persuaded
himself of thefeaflib.litjjof his plan of finding
-land in the west, he .asserted his belief in the
-rotundity of the Earth, and proposed an expe
dition of discovery tdthe government of Oenha,
' hut was was visionary eohemjr.
His applications to til? kings of Portugal and
England met with nf-'jbetter success. His en
deavors were finally tlowned with success after
eight years of de'lnytl; (!|ic court of Ferdinand
and Isabella, where 1 i hh'd frequently demoii-
Ztrated the practical); lit| ! of the proposed dis
covery. Columbus y.hsi.a thinker, and fur his
day, an educated me 1. :!
When James Watt ['though a mere hoy, was
liftirig off and pnttin,';oh again the lid of his
aunt’s tea-kettle, and ’holding first a cup, and
next a Spoon over thif Steam ns it poured from
the spout, little did tl d careless observers about
him think he was inljistigating a problem that
W'os eventually to lea'i; ti one of the greatest of
inventions, the stead) engine. And yet who
e*n estimate the valili', the labor-saving of the
ctCam-eogine in propel ling machinery, in draw
ing ligge draughts, in; navigating rivers, lakes
I itnd oeeans. and in ti e; increased incilities of
cooirtierce and travel' which it affords. The
benefit conferred upon nian by the discovery of
’ the mariner’s needle <i»nnot he overlooked in
-this connection ; for itiienangsd the art of navi
gation, gave to commjree a wonderful exten- ,
1 sinn, and opened the the discovery of a
new-continent. Such are the mere important
of the many that mark’the develop-
I inent of mind in the closjngperiod of the Mid
■! idle Ages, and which tended greatly;_to #cceJe
rate the progress of modern civilization.
i The great works of, art-—the steam-engine,
jtho printing-press, thei,power-loom, the mill,
the iron foundry, the rsbip, the telescope, the
magnetic telegraph, the'megaetjo
: -BTo the result of thought and deep study which
bave required the lapse .of centuries and the
; iaocoessive application of thousands of minds
11for tfae sttainaent of their present excellence;
Ihese are the messengers and agents of supe
i r j o r intelligence,; and. the j product of their k-
Iborls many hundred fold; greater than that of
unaided human muscle. !
1 ",(!ul)sre's band ■-
Has scatter'd VerdWM’er the lend.
. And imilsesad fmgkceknileMreße,^
Where barren wUd.ooce wse theiceoo,
; H. C, JOBSS.
Geaatt!al*n« «4 Vvmroj were on Tbuw
to* ]sat, elected 9.fro» Com'
THE AGITATO
Ht’GII TOOSG,; EDITOR t PROPIiIBTq’R.
. WBZiIiSBO&OnSB, PA.. j
•WEDNESDAY MOBBING, APRIL 10, lj
We surrender_a . iar|e portjon of j
space lliis week to the dispatches from the I
slavery Rebellion;’ life 'nlSo’print a leading
tiole frpra the'?(-i|6tinf, which reflects tfie t
policy of Mr. Lincoln and! his Cablnet, ’*n|
which ive dlreot+heattention-ofonrtasdere
.figyßsQtritsc.iT. —The: Philadelphia P|
iyhanian— the ablest .organ of modern Dem
racy and rebellion in this S.tate- —died last wi
of starvation. It livcd for thirty years on!
public treasury, and was; the sewer throt
which ran nearly all the lies and misreprej
tations of-the unscrupulous politicians and)
fice-holders of the now djefunot “J.-B/’i
died cursing the Tribune , jand everything <
which is good. I
WAR AT EAR’D!
From the Now York Tribune, April 51h.
The latest dispatch of oujr Secessionist fri< hd
at Montgomery leaves n’o room for hope o " a
peaceable adjustment of our country’s intest ne
troubles. The Jeff. Davis Confederacy has re
solved to wage offensive war on the Govern
ment of the Dnited States, and will assault of
open fire on Fort Pickens forthwith. Meantir ie,
the limited daily supply of fresh provisiens
hitherto allowed by Gov. iPickens to be fi
nished to Fort Sumter has been stopped, and
we may hear at any moment that this Fort,
too, has been carried by assault, oris so pressed
that it must speedily surrender. Within af iw
days at farthest, the cannop of the insurgents
will be battering down the defenses and slaugh
tering the defenders of the American Union.)
Let us pause a moment and consider. - | :
1 Slavery makes open war upon that Union
which has so long been its| protection and se
curity. ' • I
For thirty years* the opponent? of Slavery
have borne the-imputation—which not one jn
a hundred of them has deserved—of seeking
their end through the dissolution of the Dmo||.
In nil this time, not, a squadron has charged,
not a p.atoon has fired, on the flag
and forces, under the inspiration of Anti-
Slavery. Its advocates have been ' beaten jit
elections, hunted out of halls frbieh they him
hired and paid for, mobbed and* maimed in tip
Slave States, and generally proscribed and stig
matized in the Free, without being goaded in|o L
hostilities. Only in Kansas, when compellad
to choose between resistance and annihilation,
have they been moved to repel force by force, j
, The Slava tower, after enjoying undisturbed
sway for half a century, haa at length lost an
election. Hereupon, it proceeds to treat that 1
election ns a farce and a nullity, and defy thosp
whom it invested with authority.
It has, while in power, loudly vaunted its
fidelity and devotedhess to the Federal Const -<
tution. Losing power, it deliberately rcpud : -
ntes that charter, and adopts one radically
different in its steady ? '
“ The Union, the Union forever!” has been
the vociferous cry of its servitors. Having los;
an election, they treat that same Union os i
hated curse, passing ordinances and raising
armies for its overthrow.
“ Let the law* be enforced 1” it was than
dored whenever the consciences of freemen re
volted at the Inhuman atrocities of slave-hunt
ing in Free 5, States. But the moment thi
enforcement of the laws has devolved on Repubf
licans, Slavery denounce* It as “ coercion,’
and insists that itls inaugurating eivil war 1 .
And in fact to very many, North as well ni
South, Slavery is above the Union, above the
laws, above the Constitution. Rebellion, in
their view, is opposition to Slavery; while love
of Slavery and love of the Onion , are synony-
mous.
They plead fur Peace, meaning.tliat there be
no further resistance to Slavery. “National
Unity/’ in their vocabulary, means a univer
sal agreement that Slavery is 'eminently right,
and that it ought to be diffused universally and
maintained forever.
—And what ie to be the attitude of the
Northern opponents of the Republican party
in the now era now opening before (Us ? _
They have professed to sustain. Slavery so
far as the Constitution required and.no further.
Slavery now repudiates the Constitution, breaks
up the Union, and makes war on Ihe Federal
Oov'ernment., If Northern Democracy allows
its sympathies to follow Slavery into treason,:
how shall it conceal, even from itself, the evi
dence of its own recreancy ? Jf
There is not even a pretense that the Fed
eral Government has dune or refused to do
anything whereby this'rebellion is justified.
It has been pacific, furbearing, and most anx
ious to avoid a collision. It has allowed its
.troops to be disarmed, its arsenals to.be robbed,
it* forts to be'seized, its money to ibc stolen,
and its.revenues-to be collected and .appropria-i
ted by its open enemies; Through theso high
handed villainies, a whole frontier has beenj
opened to savage incursion and massacre, until
even Mexico threatens an invasion.,' It has se
rious!/ lost ground with its friends, by vainly
seekigg to conciliate its' implacable foes. At:
length the great Slaveholding Rebellion is
ready to unmask its batteries hnd open fire on
the most exposed and isolated jqf the National
defenses. The challenge of its opening can-<
nonadowili soon reverberate over the country;
.The Onion flag is to beehnt down by the rebel
batteries unless speedily lowered by the devo
ted garrison. The American; Republic now
enters upon the gravest peril* it has known
since the ; treason of Arnold. God grant that
ftjpass through them with undonbtiifg reliance
oh. the omnipotence of Justice, And .emerge at
length, however tried and tested, unwavering
in its loyalty to Freedom and tbej Right# of
Jfcao! -I V’ ■
THE TIOGA COUNTY A GIT A TOE>
: For tlio Agitator.
COTTON AND COTTOKDOM.-NO. 6. '
1 • ' - COTTON NOT KINO.
' One wouldthink, taking the former numbers
as a basis for bis calculations, that cotton was
Me great staple of the United States! By the
bye, let me correct an etwr. in my last number.
I-stated that the ‘value of-the importationsof
coUorr_.goada v into the United. States, in 1816
.was,one hundred eighty millions of dollars.- It
should have been for the year 1815 and 1810. :
—-hr order-to show that cotton forms but a
>fnall prtct of out; aggregate national 'wealth',
let hie teferyoh to the'census of 1850." The
stntisticsbf 1860, though; in ’ the" office of the
Superinttndant of the Census, have not yet
been arranged and cannot - for some time to
come be obtained. -
In .the year 1840-50 the value of the Indian
Corn raised in the United States was $295,035.-
552; Wheat $100,485;044; Oats $43.975,253;
Rye.’Bnekwheat and Barley $18,390,595; Pens
and Beans $5,762,436 ‘ Rice $4,000,000: But
ter and Cheese $55,412,043 ; -Potatoes $84,889,-
161; i Cane and Maple Sugar and Molasses $16,-
631,700 ; Orchard, market, garden and other
small crops 517,003,21 G ; Hep», wine, and milk
(not included in butter and .cheese) $13,666.-
458 ; (annual product(of live stock $280,000,-
000; (Poultry, feathers and eggs' $20,000,000;
Hay $96.870,494; Wool $15,755,087 ; Tobacco
$13,982,686; Hemp, Fla* and Flax Seed $6,-
861,865; Bees Wax land Honey $2,376,606;
Clover and other grass seeds $3,178,552 5 all
other [ productions, cotton 1 exceptsd, $156,829,-
906; making a total dn. the United States in
1849 of $1,228,087,606 against $98,603,720 of
cottonL 1 • ■ 1
By looking back you will see that the cotton
crop was less than one third of the crop of In
dian corn, and nearly two millions less than
the wheat crop. You will find also by adding
together tlio different voices that the whole crop
of cereals that year not including rice was val
ued ftt15458,887,344, which is nearly five times
os large as the cotton crop. The cattle crop
was also nearly three tim?s that Of cotton and
the crop lees than two millions short.
CnttOn Is-less than one thirteenth of till our
productions, aud yet Alabama claims tlmt “ cot
ton is king.’’
j COTTON WAS KINO
under the Democracy, but now, under Republi
canism! 1
CORN IS THE PBESIfIIBG OFFICER,
and cotlton may be one of his counselors if he
chooses, otherwise he must be tributary.
I admit that the Gotten States raised a part,
but jetja small partof the;867,453,067 bushels
of the (train of 1849, arid continue to cul
tivate li small prrt of tneir-land to grain; but
they finid it more to their immediate interest to
raise coUon and buy grain. Their whole en
ergy and wealth have been devoted to cotton
culture,(and every step they taka in the way of
raising 'their own grain is apparently a step
away from the great source of their wealth.—.
And yet! all history and experience show that
those countries that can and do raise the great
est variety of the necessaries of life ore. the
most prosperous and happy.
Let us compare the prosperity of Georgia and
Indiana; two States in; many respects alike,
in others totally dissimilar. The first has an
extensive sea const and and at least one excel
lent harbor, the other inland, but both are
productive. Georgia hais an area of 58,000
square miles, Indiana of j nearly 34,000. Geor
gia has 6,348,479 acres df land improved ; In
diana 5J04G,548. Georgia has, therefore, 1,-
331,931’tn0re acres improved than Indiana.—
Georgia llms also embraced in her farms or
plantations 16,442.900 acres unimproved, while
Indiana has only 7,746,879.1 The cash value of
all'the fa|rms of Georgia by the census of 1850
was §05,753,445 or $4.20 per acre—of Indiana
$130,385)173 or $10.70 per acre.
” The following will show the products of
Georgia and Indiana and their value.
In 1849 Georgia bad 208,710 homes, asses
and mules.valued at $10,435,500—1,097,528
neat cattle, valued at, $16,462.920—-560,435.
sheep, valued at $840,652 —2,168,617 swine,
.valued ntlslo,B43,oBs—and! the. value of her
animals Slaughtered was $633,972. She pro
duced 1,008,534 bushels of wheat, valued at
$1,068,034 —30,080,099 bushels of Indian corn
at $15,040,049 —3,885.555 bushels of rye, oats,
barley and buckwheat at $1,183,807 —7,213,807
I bushels potatoes at $3,575,105 —560 of grass
(seed at $1088—1,142.611 of peas, and beans at
of flax seed at $622—23,490
itona of bay at $164,143 —261 pounds hops at
•$91 —4,077,535 pounds of butter and cheese at
§744.837—732.514 of bees wax and honey at
§117,202—5.387 of flux at $538—990,019 of
;Wool nt $3(90,005—813 of silk cocoons nt $406
—896 of sugar nt $89—38,950.691 of rice at
$779,013-4109,636.400 of cotton at $19,963,-
640—423,924 of tobacco, at §42,392—57,459
cords of wood at $114,918—796 gallons of wine
at §796 —tj16,24S of molasses at $108,122. Her
poultry amounted to $440,023, and her orchard
products to $92,776.
Indiana'had 320.898 horses, asses nnd mules
(valued at $16,044,900—714.666 head of neat
cattle nt $10,719.990—1,122,493 sheep at §l,-
968,739 —2,263,776 swine at $11,818,880, and
I the value of her animals simightered that year
$6,567,935. She produced 6,214,458 bushels of
wheat valued nt56‘214,458-2-52.964,363 of corn
at $26,482,181—5,929,029 of rye, oats, barley
and buck wheat nt $1,876,495—2,293,048 of
potatoes $934.189—30,271 1 of grass seed at
. $103,551—35,773 of peas find beans nt $22,179
—36,888 ofj flax seed at $36.888—403,220 tons
of hay at $2,822,610—92,798 pounds of hops
$32,478 —13.506,099 of butter and cheese $2,-
092,273 —935,329 bees wax and honey at 1 5149,-
652—584,469 flax $58,446—2,610,287 of wool
at $1.044,114—387 of silk cocoons dt sl93
2,921,192 of sugar nt $292,119—1,044,629 of
tobacco nt $104.462 —183,712 cords of wood nt
$867.4247-14.055 gallons of wine at $14,055—'
180,325 gallons of njolasses at $90,162. Her
poultry amounted to §357,594, and her orchard
products to $324,940. i\r
In the above I have taken De Bow’s estimate
whenever I could get it. In other oases I have
used my owh. The value (of the live stock -is
my estimate ; nil the rest.!* his, made up from
the estimate of the marshals who took the cen
sus. ; )
It will be seen above that the' corn crop of
Indiana exceeds,the cottonicrop of Georgia by
upwards of sixmillions of dollars; and the
whole grain prop of the former State exceeds
the cotton crop of the latter by nearly fifteen'
millions of dollars. i -
Taking the improved land pf each State u'a
basis, Georgia’s prodncts should have been up--
wards of one hundred, and fifteen'millions Of
dollars to have equaled Indiana’s, or about
twenty-four milinns more than Indiana, where*
is they ate aliout two millions less.
. Which is King—Cotton or Corn ?
I But more of this peit week.
Wellsian, Pa, J, MEET. -
THE PROSLR.VERY REBELLION.
' THE GOVERNMENT,
THE DISPATCHES FROM ANDERSON.
FT., SOMTBR TO BB PROVISIONED.
Decisive Instructions from the President.
THE STATE OP PEELING, SOUTH.
Washington, April 4,1861.
Events are' progressing rapiinf end decisive,
ly, and the country-will soon learn that there
Ts a Government hers, and that ihy disputed
statements ate verified literally.. Fort Pickens
will be held at every hazard, and it is by no
means improbable that troops have been landed
there already. Whatever re-enforcements may
be.necessary to retain it, will be sent, although
the Administration intends in that, ns in all
similar demonstrations, to preserve a peace pol
icy. If assailed, it will resist, but it will not
voluntarily attack.
’ The companies of Sappers and Miners which
left here yesterday, have a' Southern destina
tion. and are to go on board of. the 'Minnesota
or Powbattan. They will be replaced by some
of the troops just returned from Texas, for it
is not thought expedient, at this time, to with
draw any considerable portion of the defensive
force from Washington. On the contrary, there
are indications which may require it to be aug
mented immediately. •
While the newspapers are'hnrping upon a
want of policy in the Administration, the Pres
ident has been earnestly engngedi day after
day, with his Cabinet and others high in the
confidence of the country, as to the best mode
of meeting this crisis, and meeting it thorough
ly. Great responsibilities, like those now in
volved,which require all.the powers under the
Constitution to be examined carefully and
calmly, with a view to the legal -justification of
every position that may be' assumed, cannot be
determined in a day, and they demand almost
coleropornneous preparation in all the Depart
ments, foE certain contingencies which may be
accepted* 5
Washington, April-5, 1861,
MEETING OP THE CABINET.
The first regular Cabinet meeting convened
to-day at noon - , and continued in session for
three hours. Southern affairs exclusively oc
cupied.its attention. Lieutenant Gilman’s re
port of the condition of matters' aj. Pensacola
»nd Fort Pickens was the principal subject un
der consideration.
The failure of the government to nbtajn any
information from Fort Pickens was tho subject
of great surprise. Pears were entertained Hint
n. conflict had ensued, in consequence of the
landing of supplies, and that tel|graphio com
munication bad been cut off. j.
Up to a late hour there are ndyeports from
Fort Pickens, and the governmentls exceedingly
anxious to hear from there.
It! was noticed this morning that an unusual
number of official telegraphic despatches were
sent over from the War and Navy Departments
to the President.
Since an attack upon Forts Sumter and Pick
ens has become probable, the President Has re
ceived a number of telegraphic exhortations
from lending politicians in all parts of (he coun
try, urging him not to surrender anything, and
offering to volunteer in undertaking reinforce
ments. An enterprising Yankee offered to
supply Major Anderson with men and provi-,
sinus for five thousand dollars on ten days’ no
tice. A prominent Bell man of Cincinnati tel
egraphed to a Western Congressman to tell the
President not to budge an inch—that to yield
anything was to yield everything, and that a
million of Northern men would spring to arms
Should the Southern forts be attacked. The
despatch was handed to the President this
morning by. a member of the'Cabinet. These
appeals are said to exercise a considerable
stiffening influence.
The President is now said to be fully eman
cipated.from the inert influences of the. Secr
etary of State, and to lend his ear mostly to
Blair and Chase. Frank P. Blair talked some
backbone into Old Abe one day this week, after
bin outspoken, unsparing fashion. -He told him
plainly that peaceable secession, or separation,
wns arr-impossibility, and that the success of
the Republican administration depended on the
fulfillment of the assurances Held out in the In
augural. He is said to have done anything
but minced words in his allusions (To the views
of the Premier upon the secession question.
THE PREPARATIONS POR WAR,
The government is exerting nil its power nnd
energy in nil its departments to carry out the
policy decided upon towards the seceded States.
That they are of the most determined and ex
traordinary character is clearly evident from
the movements that are in progress; but the
impression is that they have waited too long.
The Confederate government is in better con
dition to-day, for defence and active operations
on land, than is the Washington government!
The fact that the administration intend to
reinforce Fort Pickens has reached Pensacola
ere this, and when the attempt is made it will
be resisted to the death.
Several members of the Cabinet have ex
pressed apprehensions that Fort Pickens would
be immediately attacked, and that the Squadron
novr collecting would appear in Pensacola bay
too late to be of real service. It .is expected to
be upon the scene of action in about ten days.
Glovernor Curtin, of Pennsylvania, besides
being closeted with the President an hour, has
had nn interview to-day with Secretary Came
ron nnd General Scott, and at eleven o’clock to
night had a private interview with one of Gen
eral Scott’s confidential officers. What is up?
There is no doubt that Pennsylvania will be
put,upon a war footing immediately.
Massachusetts has sis thousand six hundred
nnd seventy men, all equipped and ready to
march nt twelve hours notice. Among them
are .two flying artillery batteries, almost as ex
*pert in drill as the. best regulars, and several
'dragoon and cavalry corps, not surpassed in
efficiency by any in the volunteer militia in the
United States. The infantry corps are well
drilled.
, New York State is pledged to furnish ten
thousand men at forty-eight hours’ notice, and
other States in proportion. Illinois nnd other
Western States are begging to be called into
the field. We have lively times before us.
STEAMER PAWNEE ORDERED TO SEA.
Extraordinary efforts have been making all
day at the Navy Yard here to put the steamer
Pawnee in condition to leave boro to-morrow
morning, under sealed orders. -,
AJf ENVOY FROM FORT SORTER.
Lieutenant Talbot, with despatbes from Fort
Sumteis.-ia expected to arrive here in the-morn
ing.‘ The.opinion io that be comes to inform
the government that his supplies are cut-off,
that ha must «va«qate the fort from necessity,
r- -i
nnd to learn at what post he shall report with
his command. It is undoubtedly true that the
secessionists are anxious to get Major Ander
son put of Fort Sumter,, fog the. purpose.nf des
patching a portion of the troops now at Charles
-ton-to "Pensacola; "
Special Dispatch to the N, Y. Tribune.
“(' ... ; ' Washington, April 7,18C1.
The developments and events of the present
week will'he patched with the deepest interest
and anxiety in all circles here. We jare fast
approaching the crisis which recent indications
have foreshadowed. While theAdminietration
Has been charged wit{i inertness and the absence
ofvigorous policy, it hasbeenprudently prepar
ing measures to meet the exigency, and to fortify
itself with the mecessory resources. When Mr.
Lincoln came Into office he found an empty trea
sury;' a demoralised army, and treasonable de
fection throughout the Civil service. He has had
to feel his’way* into public Confidence against a
factious opposition, and to ascertain the extent
of resources at;his command, before proceeding
to r earry o.ut the principles announced in his
Inaugural, which have never been abandoned
for an instant..' The time has come when they
are- to be vindicated, peaceably, if the revolted
States will permit, or otherwise if they insist
upon provokirig a collision, and forcing the
Government to|an attitude of defense,
Lieut. Talbot reached here yesterday jnorn
ing with dispatches from Major Anderson,-and
bad full interviews with the President, Secre
tary of War,.-and Gen. Scott. There is no
doubt but tbe condition of the garrison requires
relief in many] respects. Various necessaries
are nearly 6r quite exhausted, and must be sup
plied. While 1)0 official information was never
communicated Jo Major Anderson that his com
mand Would be,’withdrawn from Fort Sumter,
it is undoubtedly true that he reoeived such an
impression froßi personal conferences which
were supposed reflect the purposes here.—
They were predicated upon tbe belief, however,
that the. withdrawal was a military necessity,
which could not be avoided. Recent informa
tion has change)! that belief, , and other facts
have induced a ponrse of policy consistent with
this idea. In a-word, Major Anderson is not to
he tciihdrawn, dnd he is to he provisioned, as
was prefigured i|) my last dispatch.
The investment, of Fort Pickens by the Con
federate troops, 5s nearly perfect. As yet the ;
Government is uninformed whether the force
on hoard the Brooklyn has been landed or not.
The'orders were duplicated by two vessels so
as to vendor the ijnore certain.
At the last accounts it was ascertained that
Gen. Bragg bad^ succeeded in extending bis
lines and works pn such a manner that the re
duction of the fort was onlyl a question of time,
unless re-enforcements can lie thrown in. It is
believed that the. land protection, by which it
is approached frpm the sea, is not in possesion
of the revolutionists. If so, troops may be
landed under coyer of the ships of war, or at
night, without ajserious collision, and perhaps
without bloodshed at all. That depends, how
ever, upon the fact stated, and is , merely-n
speculative opinipn.
The convictions grows stronger in military
circles that a collision is nearly inevitable, tn
less Jefferson Dayis sends contrary instructions,
which are not expected. While the Southern
Commissioners h'nvc been asking the Govern
ment here to preserve the status which' Mr.
Lincoln found upon entering office, their Mont
gomery President has been raising and march
ing armies, inventing forts, and carrying on
the preparatory Operations for a condidion of
actual war; and; now when it is proposed to
put the national a condition of
defense, merely tp prevent surprise or surren
der, they condemn the Administration without
stmt. The Soutlj, has been deceived with the
•idea throughout tijint if Mr. Lincoln attempted
tq enforce the law's, or defend the public pro
perty in that section, he would be sternly re
sisted by the united Democracy of the North.
The truth is, as much pressure for decisive ac
tion has come from that source, recently, as 1
from the Republican party, among, whom there !
is a large interestjln favor of cutting loose from
the Cotton States (altogether, by peaceable sepa
ration. f I j
This week is likely to be eventful, and the
tidings from the South will be regarded with
the utmost interest and anxiety here. In view
of the possibility of collision, and the contin
gency of a demonstration against this capital,
precautionary measures for its defence have
been taken, which will be developed immedi
ately. [;* is -
The statement which has gained currency
that the presence |ijf defection has been disco
vered in the now stationed here, is en
tirely, unfounded,;)aS far ns is-known at the
proper department after careful inquiry. Effi
cient and competent- officers are to be put in
charge of tbo defenses, and selected with
..reference to their,; qualities for this special
service, i ;'l '
IJfEtv York, April 8,1861
An official of the hdmimstration left Washing
ton yesterday for. Montgomery, Alabama. The
object_of the mission was not known.
From Charleston we learn that the people
were fully advised as to the warlike prepara
tions of .the federallgorcrnment, and in conse
quence the greatest! excitement prevailed. On
Saturday, when thej supply of provisions was.
sent down to Fort l Sumter, 3lajor Anderson
was notified by General .Beauregard that no
more supplies fori!the garrison could he ob
tained in Charleston, which was regarded as a
declaration of hostilities on the part of the com
mander of the Confederate forces. Governor
Pickens,‘with his pouricil and the senior offi
cers of the army, were engaged during Satur
day in inspecting the batteries in Charleston
harbor, and everything was found in a state of
efficiency. Troops have been ordered to rendez
vous within supporting distance of Charleston
to watch the movements of the enemy. The
people of Charleston all appeared to be in fight
ing humor, and declared themselves prepared
foe any emergency.
Despatches from Montgomery, Alabama,
state that no attack will be made by the troops
of the Confederate States on either Fort Sum
tor or Fort Pickens. To do so, President Davis
argues, would be to place the new government
in a false position before the world, and he is
determined that if civil war must ensue, the
first blow shall be struck by. the administration
at Washington.
Washington City was yesterday filled with
all sorts of reports, rumors and speculations in
regard to the present naval and raillitnry pre
parations nf the administration. The President,
it is said, in. conversation does not hesitate to
express his determination to “ hold and possess’’
the government property whore it is practicable,
and, as far as possible, to carry out the tiewe
-expressed ih his inaugural address. A plan
"for the peaceable evacuation of Fort Sumter is
■ said to have been agreed upon, and that the or
: “ c JL to "U Ol Anderson will be issued to-day.
The Roanoke was taken out of the dry dock'
I I
1 , . i
J I
at the Brooklyn Navy Yard on g alDT j
ning, and her plaice will be occupied >J
Savannah to-day.’! i
, The outfitting of thee team transp M |
chartered by,the government is being
pushed forward. The Illinois wa ,
round yesterday to the doik recently i
by the Atlantic, where a ckrgoof arms a,
visions was taken on board. She soils
and will.receive bet* troop 4 in the bay
steaming. Tbo-Sajtio is 4lao being rapi t
in. readiness for sea] and w'ill fallow is ,
or two. , j
QOVEBHOE SOUSipK’S APR
The address of Sam Houston to th»
Texas, a brief notice of' which we have
given, is a curious production,
Goverboi 1 refuses to -recognise the anthorii
the Convention whichhaa deprived him of
and rebukes the madnesaj of the tmitoi
contents himself with a pathetic., remonst
and explicitly declares that' he will neithi
aiignrate civil war npr endeavor to main)
authority ns Chief Executive of Texas.
: prospects of Texas hinder the new Conf«
[ be does not regard as at all flattering, bi
the contrary, in theiettreme.- Tht
‘ son for this belief are very clearly set font
the following passage:;
“You have been transferred like sheep!
the shatsblesi. - A gemrnmef it has been fast
upon you which is tol be supported from y
pockets, and yet you!have not been consult
You are to be taxed in the dhape of tariffs
the necessaries and luxuries of life, which
.have hitherto purchased free of duty. Yc
to have .high postage and all else in propoi
and to forego the freeman’s )rlvjlege of elec
your own President and Vice-President, a
visional Congress taking thebnatter out of y,
bands. . You are to supports constitution whi
ignores the very name of thje people, and tc
into a government where yon are to pay tribi
to King Cotton and enjoy the privilege of eq t
ity,- until you are invplved sb far that inde
deuce will be impossible, apd yon will he re
to put the state of Texas, fcvith her territc
equal in extent to all the other cotton states
the fear of the Confederacy on the terms oi
slave basis. This, is the programme marl
out for you. You, were told the Union rnustl*
dissolved, that it might be reconstructed.
yon are told that reconstrue tion is impractiea
bl« and impossible.” ’
Governor Houston retires, from public life i,"
n quieter way than those wjhn knew him ’
iieved to be possible. Advancing years, ho,
ever, have probably abated his strength, at
whereas in earlier life .:he would have bean ,
fierce stickler ' ' official di.
tion, he now ft ,ho major
ity of the pi intry—>
yields. ~ -
[ The London Daily News pf the Bth imtn
has this sharp criticism of jiff. Davis & Co.;
" The southern agitators tjnve a keen sens
of the. feebleness of their position. As long a
the excitement of secession lasted they were tol
erably sure of their ground. | But now it isover,
and people are asking whatajeit, they percein
their danger. -For what ihve they done!-
They have, as fay as their nets are worth any
thing, voluntarily cut off the! • states from thi
only connexion which gave ttjem political dig
nity or credit. As long as they were conkit
ded in the grand total of Am
they shared the high an J noble place which in
vigor, freedom and enlightenment secured it it
the regard of the w orld. A 1 this . the South
has lost. It has nut only insulate itself, buna
the madness of fanaticism hat founded its con
stitution on that Very social feature which ii
most odious in the eyes of the civilized world.
“ It has abused the name of republic to rrfup
a confederation whichmen are already ealliny
New Dahomey, with a Mississippi repudiatorjer
its chief, and a band of prof es ttd duellists, si
venturers, sharks and public p. underers for ill
leaders. Bad as the. South is proved to be bt
the fact of its slavery, we may he quite ears
that the Wigfalls, Slidells, Yainoeys and Ben
jamins cannot fairly represent! either its mor
ality or its statesmanship. These men only
condescend to lead the South Because they an
not permitted to loot the North any longer, and
if time is given them, they willjexhauatand dis
gust the slave states Just i ns they have wearir
aud angered the free. Their riames and ante
cedents are a pledge that whild they, arc at the
head of affairs the career’ of the Confederacy
will be one of turbulence, bajd faith and in
trigue or conquest for the extedtion of slavery.
Their language is that of men Who feel that the
very principle of their associations outs them
off from a noble future. From pejng part of a
glorious nation they have become a juint-stods
corporation for upholding qnd extending the en
slavement of their fellow-man.” | ...
“ The Life of the Flesh is in tL Blood,” w,u
said by inspiration Jong before’ Harvey’s dis
covery of its circulation had bought to light
its purposes and uses. -Now wefknow.not only
that “ life is in the blood,’ 7 ' but that disease in
habits it also. Many of the disorders tbatjier
vadfs the human frame, have thdir home in it,
thrive and grow in it. The celebrated Br.J.
c. r, of Lowell, has had regard to this it> ■
pdrtiint fact in making a Remedy i to cure these
disorders. His Extract of Sarsaparilla purges
out the impurities of the blood And induces a
healthy action in it that excels disease. This
looks reasonable, aud it is true, fdr we know by
our own experience, Setddm'as] we take any
medicine, we have neverthelessJscveral times
been under obligation's to the skill of D'r. Ayer
for the relief which-his remedies! never fail tc
afford us when we are obliged to liave recourse
to them.— Catholic, Halifax, N. A
The Census and Seavert.—The resnltof tie
recent census develops another grist stride ot
freedom, and chronicles another victory of free
-labor over slave labor, in ite march of progress-
From the beginning of the Government to the
present time, the gain of the Free [States upon
the Slave States, in population and wealth, hM
been steady and rapid, and it is mjw apparent
that at the end of another decade,l.'tbe former
will be to the latter, on the floors of Congress,
in the. proportion of two to one, supposing
Union to be restored to harmony, and the States
.to bo fully represented. j
_ Indeed, this is almost the case a(j the present
time. By the new apportionment <jf represent
ation, which will be bawd on thb census of
1860, and which will take effect ini the const!-
t ution of, the Thirtyreighth Congress, it will re
quire 126,844 citizens to compose ai District-
Under tho censns of 1850, the (ipfaortionmerit
was 03,423. '. ; f
This' immense augmentation fa tbp size of th* ,
Die trie tsoperatea with apparent .bate only nf 1
to the larger sines
the proportions are preserved.—*V, JT