>
I
for tho -return of that ; little
to'their own hands ai very short intervalg,-|—
While tho their virtue and, vigi
lance, no adminij tratitm, by any extreme
edness or folly, f an ijery 'seriously inji
government in tf t short space of four yt
My count rymti, ope ond all, .think i
and well upon I iis whole subject. - N l .
valuable can be t Ist hiy taking time. .
If there be at i object to harry any of yop,
in hot baste, to s .'step 1 which you would never
take deliberately-|that object will be frustrated
by taking; time | but no good object can fee
frustrated' by it,! Sup of you as are now dis
satisfied .still bare the old constitution unim
paired, and; on'the sensitive point, the laws of
youtuown framing under :it, while the new al-,
ministration wstll havd no immediate power, if
it would, to ohftngo either. If it were adm: t
ted fliat yom Who 1 are dissatisfied hold the rigit
side in tho dispute, there still is no'single rea
son for preeijnthte action. Intelligence, pi.t
pstriotisin, Cbiistianfty and a,firm reliance oh
Him who has never yet forsaken this favor id
land, are still competent to adjust in the best
way all our present difficulty. ; . !
In your bauds, my ; dissatisfied feilow coun-.
trymen, and not in| mine, is the • momentous
issue of civil war. The government will riot
assail you. You can [have no conflict without
being yourselves tbo aggressor*. ' You have so
eatb registered in Hpvsn to destroy the gov
ernment, while I shall have the most solemn
one to “ preserve, protect and defend” it. Ir m
loth to close. We are not enemies, but friends.
We must not be eneihies. Though passion may
have strained,, it not break.-our bonds of
affection. The mystic chords of memory,
stretching from every battle field and patr ot
grave to 1 every living heart apd hearthstone ill
over this broad land," will yejt swell'the chorus
of the Union, when j’again touched, as surdy,
they will be, by. the* 1 , bettor [angels of our ta
lon. !;
THE BIGHT ■ SENTIMENT,
i Last Saturdayweeki in the' Senate, Mr. Jot n
son, of Tennessee, made the following remari a;
-He said be thought he might talk about treasc n.
Our fathers talked a|)ont it. The Constjtutijn
defines treason as levying war against the 7 Gov
ernment, and aiding those who do so ; aid
show him those w'lio'inake war on the Govern
ment and .fire on its vessels, and be would show
who .were traitors. And if he was Presidentjof
the United States, w|uld have them arrestid,
aild if tried and convicted, by the Eternal God,
ha would have them (hung !• He referred to the,
action of’Tennessee ;|n regard to secession, jit
seamed as if the Senator from Oregon had pot
beard the news, 'if j
. He referred to the tjptes on certain resolutiojns
at Jthe last session, when the Senator from Ore
gon voted against a resolution that was neeis
•ary to protect slavery. But that -was before
the Presidential election ; but’ now it is after
such an election; ant| the people have decided;
and, perhaps, he thifeks if he cannot he Presi
dent of the whole Uaion, then the time has ar
rived foridivision anj separation; and his chan
ces improved]. Six States have gone
out of, the Union-;' put the people of thdse
States have not pasSgd an ordinance of sec|s
.•ion ; their conservative men have been em
powered; and bad triumphed ; the
•tars and stripes ha|d been hauled down,*ahd
thepahnetto and thejbelican and the rattlesnake
run up, i-He an eloquent appeal
for the flag of the ifyjion, and expressed a trust
that the flag would ever wave “O’er the land] of
, the freehand home of the brave.” ’He declared
that Tennessee woufl ever remain in the Uniin.
Hearty applause tjhme from the galleries'as
Mr. Johnson closed,j|vhen the Chair immediojte
ly qfdered them to (joe cleared, and this order
wns-reoeived with aSfew hisses, when the whole
crowd rose and burit forth in most tumul tubus
applause, accompanied with yelling and shojtrt-,
ing, thonoiae culminating in three rousing
■ ehsers for the Unipni The greatest kind of fex
eitement was produced by these extraordinary
proceeding!. . j
’ a ' ■' '
-. , BAISINb THE FLAG. J
Thecercmohy of Raising the flag by Mr. Lin
eoln, onlndependebjoe Hall, was one of thrill
ing interest. The| Rev. Henry Steele Clark
closed his prayer as;]followa: j
And .now, agß|n,fjp Most’ High! we confess
Thee ]Lo|rd of angelsjand of men. In the name
-of our God we Tpil||set up our banner! Do
-thou protcctit! Mffo it endure forever! Pram
its ample folds majfno star fall, dimmed tnd
darkened, Irrecoverably! Symbol of protec
tion and bond of amity, honored abroad tnd
loved at honis, unfurled to every breeze, from
sia to sea, over ulithis wide domain, let it be
thorn of its fair proportions and ignominiously
trailed and rent {'seditious hands, and' care
lessly wet with bloqd, nevermore I This is oar
United and earnest prayer 1 Amen! And may
all the people say, Amen! i
■ The Press thus describes the final evejnt:
1 MR. tltrCOLsi RAISES THS F,tAO. I
: The- ejeitetnont 'was of a fearful character
when the. President elect raised the ropei to
hoist the flag of to the crest of khe
staff, over the StatK House. The souls of] all
seemed 'Starting frobi their eyes, and evfery
throat was wide. iThe shouts of the people
were like the roar of waves, which do not cease
to break! Foi fall j three minutes the cheers
continued. The expression of the President
elect was that of silfent solemnity. His long
Ktan were extended. • Each hand pulled alter
nately at the and a bundle of banting,
tri-eblorod, which bstfl never been kissed by the
wind before, slowlyjj rose into the sky. If the
shouting hud been fWfal and tumultuous be
fore, it became absolutely maniacal now. From
the smallest urchin! .to the tall form which ri
valled the President's in compass of chest and
length of Umb,thsfe rose a ’wild cry. It re
minded as of some of the storied shouts which
rang among the. Scottish hills, in the days of
clans end clansmen. Suddenly when the
broad bunting had -reached the summit of the
mast it unrolled attipce, and blazed in the sun
light. At the samsltlme the band struck, up
the Star, Spangiemlßanner, and the eannon
ranged in the!square sent np peal after peal.
Mr. Lincoln was then eaeorted to hi? (hotel, and
.in a short time the*, crowd had melted away,
many going back to Ihetr yet untasted break
fast, and the rest |moving off as business or
pleasure prompted!'
• Great exoitnmeniwas created in Washington
city yesterday by a! Report generally circulated
that at a Cabinet e|)tinoU on Saturday night it
had been determined to remove troops from the
Southern forts, a* te reinforce them would cause
an immense loss ofilife, ahd greatly aggravate
the exitting'diffioollics. It is now certain the
stock of provisions at J?ort Sumter is almost en»
tirely- exhausted, and that fort must be quickly
! »../• . >< . . .1 «.»
n r
THE AGITATOR.
HUGH YOUNG, EDITOR & PROPBIET'
WELLSBOHOUGS, PA.,
WEDNESDAY MORNING, MAR. 13. Ifol.
'•eh
' To* Lvaugucai.. —We publish Ihia week! the
Inaugural Address of President Lincoln. It
cannot fail of haying an excellent effect pc the
whole country. The views he puts forth on the
Slavery question .are ,the| same which wojdnd
in his published speeches; but they are not
such views as have been imputed to the Re mb
lican party by traitors and workers of sedition
who have had the. ear ofj the South. It was
wise to speak frankly and make himself ui der
stood.. What he sayjs of the Government and
of his duty to maintain it and execute the 1 vws,
must get the approval iof every man it the
Country, who is moved by the impulse ol pa
triotism ; and his confidence that the auth irity
of the Government can be maintained, wit lout
bloodshed will contribute much to seen 'e a
peaceful solution of the existing difficu ties.
1 1 pe
lt it
lan’s
TVe commend the Inaugural to the carefu
rusal -of every reader, resting assured th
will find a kindly response in • every frcen
heart.
HOW. DAVID -WILMOT.
We clip the following paragraph from
Washington correspondence of the Harris
Daily Telegraph. It was written by ag(
man who has boon connected with the pres
a quarter of a century. life have si
hopes that Judge Wilmot will jbe elected t
United States’ Senate to the place i
vacant by the, resignation of Gen. Cam
who takes, a place in Mr. Lincoln’s Cabin
Secretary of War. Mr. W. may not accsp
offer if made to him, but his friends jn thii
tion of the State have long desired .to see
occupy this position;
“ Among the many distinguished men
from Pennsylvania,-therb is none who has
ed forth kinder expressions of regard or wa
sentiments of approval than Hon. David
mot of Bradford county. He is justly estin
as one of the ablest men in V
all who know anything concerning the hii
of politics in the middle States, must acco
Judge Wilmot the most {indomitable qua
of fortitude -and preseverance., In bis imj
nable Northern home, bo is a tower of strei
uncompromising in his devotion to who
esteems its a principle, and unyielding it
attachment to his friends. For sixteen '
Judge Wilmot has represented that grand
which has since passed into t}ie judgmet
this nation, in deciding the true interests
destiny of the Others may have
seated this idea clothed in a disguise 01
dueed for a selfish motive, yet the “ Pro'
was there in all its glorious light and inllui
to guide and direct the people to the end o
and impartial decisions. Such a man,
father of such principles, will surely be re
bered by the people of the free North, and j
that the people of Pennsylvania" will, whet
opportunity is presented, recognize in .]
Wilmot one of the ablest men in their mi'
represent them in the councils of the natio
DOUGLAS AND THE NEW AD:
’ TBATXON.
[Prom The Xevr Turk .Tribune.]
Mr. Douglas has taken the nevr Admir
tion in hand at the outset, add it is bis purpose,
by the most unscrupulous efforts of ingenuity
to get it within his grasp and crush it. Doug
las is no common man. With an unbounded
stomach for political preferment, he pursues bis
end without the slightest regard to the'faijrness
of his means, and from each disaster risen with
renewed strength, insolence, and reokiosf
Wholly unfettered by fhese moral rest]
which compel some statesmen to pay resp
.the claims of decency, Douglas dashes oi
awed by exposure, unabashed by defectior
truth stand in his way, it is ruthlessly (
aside, and shamelessly evaded. If hono
bid the use of. a political weapon, an exo ise is
not wanting far its violation. Thug Douglas
induced Republican Senators to vote apparent
ly in favor of Squatter Savereignty upoa his
pledge that the vote should not be used a;
them poetically ; yet upon the plea thal
coin pressed him hard in the Illinois ca
he did not hesitate to cite this vote again!
men. who cast it in consequence of bis p
Throughout his whole political career, Dt
has been esteemed (dicky and untrustwor
his personal character, i He began Kfe a
gogue, and he has pursued bis political
keeping the same character, and display!
aptitude fur political intrigue which h
parallel. 1 !
Although nominally a*lawyer, Douglas
had any legal training tb speak of, and hii
era! education was extremely limited. I
the ago of 22 be was Attorney General c
nois, which at that time wad an office qi
importances that of DistrictjAttorney i
of the counties in thisj State,j and therefi
quired some knopdedgeof latk But thi
nothing in? to his leap upi
bench of the Supreme {Court of Illinois I
age of 23. This judicial feat was,ln i
political maneuver, got up by Douglas an 1 oth
ers to overslaugh the old Supreme Court by
adding more Judges, and incidentally to pro
vide places for briefless politicians. Frji i this
little operation has dpubtless 5 arisen .lodge.
Douglas's reverence for Courts in general espe
cially the Supreme Court of the United £ tales.
So entirely devoted whs, he tq politics, thit be
fore being made a Jfldgio be bad twice nin for
Congress in Congressional D strict
which at the time held within its limits Chisa
go, Galena, and Springfield. - His first canvass
was made in 1838,. against William X.iMay,
and tbs modest youth did not scruple to jadvo-
mrg
itla
i for
seo
bira
hero
call-
rmer
Wil
ated
r hile
IDCOB
just
the
lem-
tust
the
•arid
Ist to
r. "
srs-
istra-
ness,
aints
set to
I, US'
, If
trust
for-
;ainst
; Lin-
nvass
it tbe
edge,
uglas
by in
ietra-
way,
ig an
IS DO
lever
i gen
et at
f Illi-
ite as
re re-
i was
n tbe
t fhe
act, a
TIOGA COUNTY AGITATOR.
THE
Clay required some one to demolish him, and
Douglas was the man to do it; In 1840 he ran
against John T. Stuart, and displayed consid
erable ability m conducting the canvass. At
"both of elections the Illinois Canal was
in progresi, and as every man could legally yofe
once who jhad lived six months in the State,
Douglas devoted himself to the personal culti
vation of tlie canal-diggers, every man of whom
voted for llim as often as the law allowed, and
some a good deal oftener. By extensive pipe
laying he was got into Congress, but the
extension of 'suffrage was not so successful
as in 1858, when he beat Lincoln for the Sen
ate by oarrying-a couple of doubtful counties.
When be first sought to get into the Senate
his very es gerness to drive the Legislature to
support hi n caused his defeat. But he was;
not a man io.be, put down by bis party, and be
soon became Senator, after serving two or three
terms in die House of Representatives with' no
great disti iction. Once in the Senate, the road
to the White House .seemed nearly traveled; —
Willing tc conc’sda everything to the South,;
having, in right of his wife, a plantation in Mis
sissippi well stocked with negroes,, he;still re
membered that Illinois was a 'Free State, and
that he hal a position to maintain at home.—
Hence it came to pass that his coarse on the
Slavery qt cation was vacillating and temporiz
ing. - One day the Missouri Compromise was
pronounced “canopizad in the hearts of the
American people,” and as sacred a&tbe Consti
tution itself, and a little while afterward a bill
was introduced by him to repeal that canonized
measure. : Not caring whether Slavery was
“ voted upi or voted down," he still did care for
the support of his own State, and, therefore,
gave a half-vigorous, half-hesitaing. opposition
to the Leeompton policy, failing to sustain the
English villainy only because some leading
friends restrained him almost] by force. His
scheme of] Squatter Sovereignty, designed for'
the spread of Slavery, while it seemed to threat
en its restriction, wasi nullified by accepting the
dicta pf.tllo Supreme! Court' in the Dred Scott
case, and declaring the question a judicial one ;
and when finally a more decided policy than
Squatter Sovereignty prevailed at the polls, he
rushed hack; to the support of that canonized
Compromise which his ruthless hand bad struck
down. At he broke up the Dsmo--
cratio party upon a pretended principle which
he now abandons, conceding eagerly more than
the Convention demanded. At Norfolk, be
made a valiant speech in favor of enforcing the
laws, promising to aid Lincoln to enforce them ;
yet after Lincoln’s election,' he discovered that
there was mo way of enforcing the law against
revolted States except by the aid ;of |ipstavos.
Thus, after twisting and turning, and
ride both sides of the sapling at one§, We‘ have
Stephen A. Douglas brought faco to face with
the Administration of President Lincoln, and
Resolved to dp all in his power to .cripple that
Administration and destroy the party which
called it into' being. The evidence of this will
he found in the insidious speeches he has made
on.the Inaugural, professing the utmost candor
in criticising it, giving it credit for sentiments,
not expressed, and holding the Administration
responsible for any departure from those senti
ments, as expounded by Douglas. Mark how
kindly ho; dissents from the views of Clingman,
at the same time shaking hands' with
by way of a hint of what he is driving at. All
bis notions of enforcing the laws are discarded
now. Hs thinks it will take 10,000 men to re
enforce Summer, and 200,000 men to enforce the
laws. His endeavor is to assume the part of a
candid observer, and commit the Administra
tion to the passive policy of Buchanan, delu
ding it all the while with the fiction of Demo
cratic support, while he himself goes on his
knees to Cottondom, and cornea out at last the
champion of Southern rights; and the preserver
of the Union. If the pleasure be as great in
being cheated os to cheat, the Administration
will suffer itself to be led along by its candid
friend, Mr. Douglas, until he gets it on the
‘brink of that political precipice over which he
can dash it into fains. The old Douglas legend
we believe, is "Beware the hear,” It is a very
good legend for presidents and Cabinets to
learn by heart about!these times, when Mr.
Douglas is around and begins to hug them in a
delicate way. - 1
LET ITS COMPROMISE.
' We certainly do not feel like joking on the
subject of the present national troubles, but
are not fully convinced whether the following
proposed basis for a compromise is not intended
to be serious. Little less, we fear, would be
satisfactory to; the south. It js proposed by
Ethan Spike, Esquire, a relative of Jack Dow-
nmg
The removal of the: Missouri line as far north
as the S>. Lawrence river, nil south of that to be
devoted to slavery; a declaration by the Re
publicans that they are sorry they elected Lin
coln and are willing to be forgiven: the public
burning of the Chicago platform, and such por
tions of the Bibio as seem to conflict with slave
ry ; the removal of Bunker Hill Monumunt. to
South Carolina jthejimmediate'massacre of all
free negroes in; the Northern States; the per
petual banishment of Garrison, Phillips, Abby,
Folsom, Daniel Pratt, Mrs. Bloomer and Caleb
Cushion, to Liberia; E Pluribus tJnum to be
amended so as ,to read B. Pluribus Carolina;
the tnrkey buzzard to be substituted for the
American eagle; Major Anderson to be hong ;
the stares to be’, obliterated from the national
ensign and a bale of gotten substituted ; Howell'
Cobb to be proclaimed President and Gov.
Floyd Secretary of the Treasury; only tw'o
newspapers to be allowed in the free States—
the New York Day Book and the Eastern Ar-'
gus ; the New England pulpit to'he controled
by Censors, appointed-by Senator 'W'igfail; the
old hats of Iverson, Jeff. Davis and Yancey,-
shall be set up in the market places of the more
rebellious northern cities, apd every person re
fusing obeisance shall have his nose flattened,
be painted blaclf and sold into slavery. If af
ter this liberal offer oar Southern brethren shall
continue contumacious and insist upon catting
our throats then, in the spirit of’76, let ns mas
■tronnSh and—mn awasr.
, from the people.
■To the Editor of The Agitator: y
Sekatob Douglas ts. Tne N. Y. Herald.-
The New York Herdldnn commenting on Presi
dent Lincolu's-Inaugural
It would have boon almost as instructive if Presi
dent Lincoln had contented himself with telling bia
audience a funny story, and let them go; Bis loan
gunil is hut a paraphrase of the vague generalities
contained in his pilgrimage speeches. ,
Senator Douglas, in the Senate, on "Wednes
day following the Inauguration, .said.
It [the Inaugural] is characterised by great ability.
». » * a If he understood him, Mr.'Lincoln has
sunk the partisan in the patriot, and for this was en
titled to the thanks ef all conservative men.
From the peculiar relations that have.existed
between these distinguished gentlemen, Mr.
Douglas,has hnd a pretty good opportunity to
fathom the depth of Mr.. Lincoln's ability; and
such is his estimate of the Inaugural,, while the
Herald thinks it but a “ funny story.” Had
the Herald not been repelle'd from the Kepubli
can xanks, no doubt it would have been elam
'orous in 'President Lincoln’s praise. ] ;
TBACSEBS' INSTITUTE.
fThanext session of the-Tioga County-Teach
ers’ Institute’, Trill be held in Tioga, the 9th,
10th, 11th and 12th of April next.
Prof. Chas. W, Sanders, of New York City
and Sariinel P. Bates, Deputy State Superin
tendent of Common Schools, will be - in atten
dance at the Institute. Prof. Sanders and Mr.
Bates are gentlemen of much experience and
eminently successful in conducting Institutes.
lnstitutes are emphatically for the benefit
of the Teachers. And inasmuch as this session
bids fair to he one of the most beneficial y6t
held, it is desirable that the Teachers should
turn out en masse. Heretofore, only the more
advanced and experienced Teachers have gen
erally attended the Institutes, while the youn
ger and more inexperienced, who* needed the
aid and advice of the Institute, have, through
an ill founded timidity, absented themselves.
It is especially the duty of this class of Teach
ers to attend the Institutes and “ post” them
selves in the improved methods of teaching.
HIRAM a. JOHNS, Co. Sup't.
For the Agitator.
COTTON AND COTTONDOMr—NOi 1.
Coal, Cotton'and Christianity are great civili
zers. They light, clothe and warm both the
outer and inner man and seem destined to be
come the woof ,and warp of the human web.
Polities and political economy haye'a good deal
to do with the two former, and, it is Said, bnt lit
tle to do : with the latter, though it may be that
without the adjuvancy of Christianity, politics
and political economy would find but little true
development, sod coal and cotton might not be
wanted. A writer on politics would be consid
ered green to admit Christianity as 1 an element
—and if not green, yet in the present age, he
would be practically unsuccessful. Christiani
ty will intrude itself, however, and an observ
ing man will sometimes be very aptjto conclude
that it is the foundation of all civilization.' I
mean true Christianity and true civilization.
Each has its spurious counterpart.
But cotton, and not Christianity or coal, is
the object of these articles as well, just now, as of
the civilized world. Cotton,, and not’slavery,
only ns it helps raise cotton, is at the bottom of
our present American complications, as well as
at the bottom of dawning African civilization.
Cotton is about to do for Africa, in half a cen
tury, what apparently, not really, Christianity
has failed to do in eighteen centuries— not real
ly, for Christian civilization is ns much the
foundation of present ootton-nsing as the cotton
gin is the foundation of cotton cleaning.
COTTON, THEREFORE, IS KING,
that is, the cotton raisers say so; and if your
readers will patiently listen to mo for threej or
four weeks, I will endeavor to write some of its
history and give some of the elements of its
power.
The word cotton, is said to be derived from
the Arable, and a similar word is found in the
Syriac and Ethiope languages, all having the
same meaning— light, fine, glossy, downy. We
should, therefore, conclude etymologically, that
cotton early existed in Syria and the adjacent
countries, and in Arabia and the eastern parts
of Africa at the head waters of the Nile, though
writers argue that in time of Egypt’s ancient
glory, it was not cultivated in Egypt, or at least
not woven, into cloth, as none has ever been
found enclosing the dead bodies found in the
ancient catacombs. To the east iof Syria,, in
Persia, and India, there is abundant evidence
of its very early cultivation and mauufacture
into Cloth. 1 1
Herodotus, more than twenty-three hundred
years ago, wrote of “the cotton trees of India
and of the cloth manufactured therefrom ; and
before the beginning of the Christian .Era cot
ton cloth was introduced into Greece and Italy
from the east. There can be but;little doubt
that the manufacture of cotton cloth' was in
operation in India, and, perhaps, in Africa, at
a time anterior to the period of which written
history gives any account. How long it bad
been cultivated in this country anterior to the
discoveries of Columbue it is impossible to tell.
Cotton cloth was in existence here when this
continent was first visited by Europeans.
There are three principal species of cot
ton— Gossypium (cotton) hcrbaceum, gos
sypium birsutam 'and gossipium arbo
raceum; the herbaceous, the shrub and
the tree cotton. That which is princi
pally cultivated in the United States is the
herbaceous cotton. This is an annual plant, is
planted in March and April and. cultivated,
grows generally from one and ahalf to two feet
high and bears a large seed pod something like
the pod of . our northern milkweed. The seed
is contained in capsules to which the down or
cotton adheres and when the seed is ripe the
capsules burst and the seeds with the cotton
adhering gradually escape unless gathered, and
are carried by the winds in every direction to
form the basis of another crop.
When the capsules begin to bdrst open which
in the • Southern States, is in the latter part
of summer; then commences the' process of
gathering, which is done by band and is con
tinued till the frosts stop the ripening , of the
more laggard plants. The gathering is thus
carried through quite a a long period of time,
affording ample opportunity for securing the
whole crop. It is said that one hand will gather
about fifty pounds of seed cotton per day, which
makes, when clean, about twenty pounds, fit
for market. I estimate the cotton crop of 1858
at 1,733,000,000 lbs ; now allowing that one
hand made only twenty pounds of clean cotton
a day, it would take 86,050,000 days work to
gather the crop. On this supposition or rather
estimate, it would take the whole slave popula
tion of the ten cotton growing States, as found
by the last census, including Tennessee and
North Carolina, twenty-nine days to gather the
crop, working the whole force, old and young,
male and female, babies and all, : Considering
that hot more than-one third of the total popu
lation of these..ten State* ■work in the cotton,
field, and that these cannot work every day, it
.asema to though 'this gradual ripening
was contrived }by the wjse Being who fixed the
orderof nature; to • facilitate, or rather insure
the.gatbering of the whole crop; and,that the
attachiftgiof the seeds to this light fiber of the
cotton, so that they could thereby easily float
in the atmosphere was another admirable con
trivance for -spreading broadcast the seed and
thus preserving.-the plant, till man got old
enough in civilization to need thoicotton and to
plant the seed by hand.
Georgia, Alabama and Louisiana produce
from 500 to 550 lbs; of seed cotton to the.acre;
Mississippi, Arkansas'and Texas from 650 to
750; Tennessee, South Carolina and Florida
from 250 to 32(j), and North Carolina still less.
South Carolina does not now_ produce half as
much per acre as either Mississippi, Arkansas
or Texas, her land having been gradually dete
riorating by continual cotton cropping. In
1800 however, i South Carolina exported one
fifth more cottojn than all, the rest of the-United
States. Thoodtton raised in the South is prin
cipally the herbaceous or annual.
There is another kind of .cotton raised in the
United Slates Itnown by the name of Sea Island 1
eotton. It is raised principally on the coast of
South Carolina] Georgia and Florida. This has
a very long fiber and is much finer than the
herbaceous or short staple. It is said by some 1
to be a species of the tree cotton and was first
brought to the United States from the Bahama.
Isles, in 1786, and is supposed to have come
originally from Persia. It is undoubted
ly that kind of cotton spoken of by Herodotus
450 years before Christ, as “ trees of India,
bearing fleeces more delicate and beautiful than
those of sheep.?
The tree oottejn sometimes grows to tbo height
of fifteen or twenty feet. In 1834 there was
raisedln the United States about 11,000,000
pounds of sea Island cotton, of which about
8,000,000 pounds were exported to Europe. In
1858 there was raised, about 18,000,000 pounds,
of which about 14,000,000 were exported.
The hirsute, hairy or shrub cotton, it is said,
will grow wherever the herbaceous grows. In
the West Indies it is bicnniel- or .triennial; in
the East Indies and Egypt it Igsta from six to
ten years; and in some countries it is annual.
According to. Professor Hodge, *of New York,
the cotton of Surinam, Peru,- Guiana and Bra
il! is of this species. The’ plant!is said to re
semble in size and appearance the currant; bush.
’ Cotton is cultivated in India and in most
parts of Southern Asia, in the islands of the’
Indian Archepelago, in Japan, in some parts
of-Polynesia, in Australia, in many parts of
Africa, in North and South America and in the
West India islands.. Its habitat Is very exten
sive and it may be successfully cultivated al
most any where between thirty-seven degrees
North and thirty-seven of South latitude. It
is however, at present meat ’successfully culti
vated’in the United States. ; r
In my next I will speak'of the beginning,
rise, and progress of cotton growing ia the
United States. 7 ■ '
Wethboro, Pa. *J. EMERY.
Pennsylvania Hospital' for the Insane.
—The report of this noble institution for the
past year has been sent us. We learn that the
usefulness of the Hospital has been increased,
that repairs and improvements have been made,
so that the new building will shortly be realty
for occupation. At the date of the last report,
there were 254 patients in the institution, since
which 211 have been admitted and Ml have
been discharged; or died, leaving 274 under
care at the close (if the'year. The total number
of patients in thq Hospital during the year was
465. The highest number at any one time was
288; the lowost|iwas 250; and the average
.number Under treatment, during the whole pe
riod, was 273.; |jj.
The number ot malea in"the Hospital during
the year 263; and the number of females
was 202. The highest number of males at any
one time was 157, and the highest number of
females was 131. At thebeginningof the year,
there were 132 males and 123 females. The
number of males admitted during the year was
131, and the non her of females 80.
Since the Hospital was opened in 1841, 3,571
persons have been admitted, of these 274 still
remain. Among them' were j 1 ,86,6 males, and
of these the largest number of any profession
were farmers—27fe. Therowere 173 merchants,
142 clerks, 56 stildents,.23 clergymen, 38 phy
sicians, 69 carpenters, 146 laborers, 4 police of
ficers, 25 blacksmiths, 1 author, 17 artists, 35
tailors, 59 shoemakers, 244 of no.occupation, &c,-
_ Of tbo total number of femgJe patients (1,675)
since 1841, the largest number were domestics,
that class furnishing 195. The neJl largest,
number were seamstresses —170. The nest
largest number Were 157, wives of farmers.—
Philadelphia Bulletin.
For the Ladles —There was a reception at
the Astor House by Mrs. Lincoln and Mrs.
Hamlin —Gen. Janies Waston Webb being in
charge. There were over 400 presentations,
and for the benefit of the ladies, we give the fol
lowing discription as reported :
“ Mrs. Lincoln is about forty years of age,
below medium height, of - full form and face,
dark hair and blue eyes. Her nose is rather
retrousse, her lips thin and compressed, her
manner and carriage graceful and* pleasing.—
She is a lady who would be pronounced to he
fine looking, but not beautiful. She was
pressed in a steel Brocade robe, trimmed with
box quilling, of ribl)on, edged with lace, exten
ding from the waisf to the lower, part of the
skirt, where it ended in a neatly gathered bow.
Flowing sleeves, with point laee under sleeve's,
added to the pleasing, arrangment of her dpess.
A neat point collar encircled her nock, whijh
was secured by a fine'diamond,brooch.- ,She
wore ear-rings to correspond. Her head dress
was of chepille and! gold., Mrs. Lincoln whs
accompanied by her sister,, Mrs. Edwards, of
Illinois. I ' ;
Mi;s. Hamlin is about twenty-fiye years of
age, 1 tailor, and not so full in form as Mrs. Lin
coln. She has a mjild blue eye, rather sharp
features, but ( agent)e expression efface.. Hav
ing but just arrived; from the bars, she was still
in her black traveling dress."
No movement has yet been made by tbe Com
missioners in Washington from the Confeder
ate States toward the negotiations with which
they are charged, i Mr, Roman, one of the
members of the commission, who was erro
neously stated yesterday to have arrived, was
still wanting, at a late hour lost night, to cojn
plete the delegation, land his colleagues'will do
nothing till he joins! them.— K Y. Berald of
Saturday- last: ' .i . " - ■
! Twenty patriots of the Revolution died du
ring the past year. Eighty-two are all that are
now left. j - .
_j ...rOBT STTMTEB,
-Jfras is predicted with some confident,,
cUr Washington correspondents, Fort SuatL?
to be evacuated, no doubt the humiliatin'
.be great, and'lhe order for such a move
willjhe given by tho Government with a
quite equal {to that with which the
receivethe tidings. But let it be borne bJS
.that jthis humiliation comes, if it mast J*
not from any- negligence or feebleness ofS
present Administration; that it ia not an ■
dence of a retreat from a wsll-defin«d u
position; that it is a Concession ania.
to the Rpbal power of the South nor to a
timid expos Halations of tbs few in the
whoseconns els are weakness; but that it a
of thp, last'bitter drops in the onp left
hands by, ttye Government which haa !o j?|
weighed us jiown, nDd which has nowt a J|
passld out ojf our sight. The evil which m
ministrations, as . well as men, do, lives |L|
thenji and we must expect to feel thecnjii
The duplicitV, the mean scheming, tbs i t ,„|
ceivahle baseness which have brought og totJ|
presept complication' of our national -afei
cannot lose tpeir poison at once. _ = ||
■ Thp, people, will he,..prepared, if this viJi
draws! Of tr< dps. takes place, for a yell ,of *1
nltatipn fro to every traitor in the land, fJ
taunts and serening' solf-congratulations-ftal
the men who have labored more earnestly (3
any others for the destruction of the Onioo ll
crying out fojr concessions and compromise I
but let dll ret sember that the strength haa cl
jet departed pom our flag, and that this mop
mentmay be only as the crouch which isi
■ precede the c episiye leap. No matter if
treason whic t has woven around ua itafa*
compete a ste > which no one wlihea to tahi
no matter if 1 Rebellion seems to have adviccjJ
its banners, c r if Treason turns more ccafl
dently toward us its brazen front. The poilnl
of the Government remains uncbanged.aiiiM
(firm foit is junt as immovable as ever oa tjj
j Constitution and the laws, 1 H
; In case the predicted event happens, the petpli
will pldoe on the proper heads the responsial
ty of tile act 1 They will follow the late Pr»9
dent to his retirement with a sharper indigul
tion than they have before felt; they will* mosp
over, aak,.withj an earnestness which calls
reply, ihy the repeated assurances wentfotfsi
from ihje beleaguredforfr that the comnunbjiS
officer needed Jo aid, no supplies; they willjj*
mand’ from all who have borne a part hi a?
transac dons of the past two months with ttivS
tion to this important place a strict accoautfo
their ’si ewardship. They will none the la|
renew their confidence in the power they hn(i
set ovier them it the National Capital, and vjb
by that confidence strengthen the hands of
Admipi itration for vigorous action in th«o
tore and forward.— N. Y. Tribune, Monday. U
[NG Occasioned bt the' Sks-
The
IOITJ
.sign Movement. —Major Hawkins is non s' I .':
hi* wayl to tfaejWestern States to buy com, i;i
agent foe his friends rind neighbors. He sboiivl
us a list of those who had-requestsd hintSj
purchlasb for them, and also a list of those n/i
were in a destitute condition and
ask the jitizens of the Western States, throijf‘j
him, to |give thfem com to keep them and tie 'i
families from starving. The two lists ss |
prised 2 T 9 nam ss, wanting from 20 to 500 H; |
els, and amour ting in all to 24,730 braid;/;
Most of those sending are responsible men.h'J
they canpot raise money to pay for it, andiu' l
the intention o 'Major Hawkins to laytheds l
before those who have oorri for sale, and toT;q
to induce them to sell corn'on credit untilic/|
fall.—Abandon (Miss.) Sep*
"Wesfcn, the
walk from Bos*
time, artive4 fi
gurationj. after
to get thereto
pedestrian, ■who nndertook > -
on to Washington in a pit-,
'a hoars too latft for the Its-V
all. He took the proper
t didn’t take them fast enooA’-.;
Whereas, my wife MARIA, t*K.
ing left my bed and board without just cawt
provocatibn, this as to warn all persons not tolftrtC
harbor bejr on mj] account, as I will pay no dsbut
her contrAction unless compelled by law. :
i CALEB BAS 3.;.
Morris,
March
13,.1861.-w3»
UTOR& NOTlCE.—Letters testing
fcary haringibeon granted to the j
tho’esiste of Willwm Adams, late of Charleston ten,
shss, 4 ec notice! is hereby given to those indebted*
snid estate to make immediate'payment, scd^ s .‘-
having claims to present'them properly
for settledioiit to ihe subscribers?! f -!
; | HUBERT ADAMS, ) r
RICHARD ENGLISH,]* V.]
March 13, 1861. 32w6 $
EXECbTOR’B NOTlCF. —Letters
tary hiring been granted to the ■
the estate of Zonad Roberts, late of Jackson
dec’d, notice is hereby given to those indtbtid to
immediate payment, and those having claims tojo> £,
sent them properly authenticated for eettlcmesi, t-|
the undersigned, dt Daggett’s Mills, ”,
A. B. BRYAN,
32w6*
3, IS6I.
March
NOTICE.
WE have Ingham-s Combined
Separator: n our Mill, and con now e!o®*-
wheat perfectly, all foul grain
and particklarlytho oats. Farmers-con bare all ■
oats taken lout of their seed wheat at our
per bushel! Call and examine the *'* mersbccn- \
I- WRIGHT 4 iUttW'f.
WcUsboro, March 13,1861.
S WATCH, CLOCK, [
stobb|
T'HE undersigned, having purchased
WE' Foley bis interest in the Clock,