- —-- - . •
*- : ftrios of Publication.
T-ai TIOGA COUNTY AQXTATOE is published
“ Wednesday Morning, and mailed to sobseriben
!I the Tory reasonable pfioe oj j
£&■: ONE pOLLAB. -$m ANNUM, ,
r a-iabhl >» adtqncf. It is ifttend?d to notify every
- u when the term, for Which he has paid shall
so ",excised, by the figures onthe prated label bn the
W ?,in iof«Mh paper-‘ then ha stopped
a farther remitudbe be=;reeeived. By this at- tr--j L'rs .-u^-, i _s-. j,.. ~ - = = ~ —.
jjncemsnt n" man brought in debt, fo the |,| - : - ;(/ ’r - r . I - I I 1, ' . ~ -1 .
MPaper of t hecounty, ! j to t&e gfctrnston-of t&e &vtn of jFrcttiom anQ rn Sjurtalr oe-l&aXt&g fttfotm.
.i a largo and steadily- ncreastng circulation reach- 1 , ... . 1 ~ J - ’ i : , _ • • -
• r ioto every neighborhood indhe County. It is sent -T
it of-pows* w any, subscriber within the county , |
limits, but whose most pfinvebient post office pay be J
an adjoining County. -’ . ■- ' '
Easiness Cards, not exceeding 5 lines, paper inclu
ded, $5 P«r year-
business- directory.
I1SIOWRM& 4 F. WILSOH,
Attorneys a counsellors at law, win
attend the Court of Tjofia, Pottor and McKean
c „nnties; [Wellsboro’, Fob. I.IBSS-l
C. n. ©ART®, jpEWTiST,
fflpirll at Hie residence .near ihe
feaWfiggi't * Academy. All work pertaining to
'llUlTffrkiß line of.business done promptly eno
warranted. ■ - tApril 22, 1858.]
DICKIXB«F HOUSE
coasiplK. T. . ,
Maj. a. Field, -A . a,; Proprietor,
Guests taken to-and ftoH tbeSpepot free of charge.
, J, C. IVIIITTiKFB,
Hydropathic Pkyticia li and Surgeon.
ELKLAND, TIOGAiCO., PBNNA.
Will visit patients Sir alLpartA of the County, or re
ive them for treatment a$ bis jiouse- [June 14,]
3f. E?iEinr,
Attorney and <7odi#£ellor at law
Wellsboro,' Tioga' 30., iPa. WiU devote bis
lime exclusively to the f actibe of law. Collections
made in any of the NW-iberd counties of Pennsyl
vania. , n0v21,60
PEIiSSYLVANIi HOUSE.
Corner of Main Street nut the Avenue. Welteboro , Pa.
J. W. BIGONY' PROPRIETOR. ’
This popular Hotel, bailing |een re-fitted and re
furnished tbrougbouVia t-W often to the public as a
first-class .; fi •ij
IZAAK WAITON HOUSE,
b. o. vERMiiYtEi, Proprietor.
Gaines, Tie? I Connty, Pa.
THIS is ahew hotel lho_ lt»d yithln easy access of
the best fishing* and hunting grounds in Northern
Pa. No pains will be spalpd the accommodation
of pleasure seekers and thiUravpling public. ,
AprU 12, 1860. .j j
H. O.(ip Oil*E, j
BARBER ARE’ iIApR-ERESSER.
SHOP in the roar of tbopost ilffice. Everything in
l,i. line will be done ns well and promptly as it
an be done in the city salhons. Preparations for re
noving dandruff, and beautifying the hair, for sale
heap. Hair and whiskorB, - dy.e(} any color. Call and
see. r Wellsboro, Sept. 22, 186'J..
the COBJrtC JOURNAL.
George’W.PrJttt, Editor sand proprietor.
IS published at Coming, Co., N. X- t at One
Dollar and Fifty Cent* fcer yjfear, in advance. The
Journal is Republican in fiolitibh, and baa a oircnla-
Itiua reaching into, every pfrrt 4* Steuben County.—
Those desirous of extending th«jtr business into that
and the adjoining counties frill fjpd it an excellent ad
, rertUlng medium. Addres| as abflve. i '
FURS! 'FURSFURS I 1
FPUS —The subscriber has jjnst received a large
assortment of Furs for ladies wear, consisting of
!men capes & vicipßipES,
\ FRENCH SABEE'OAPES A VICTORINES,
| HIVEU MIRK CAPES 4- 11 Cljlf S, .
HOCK MARTIN ('APBjS & VICTORINES.
These comprise*a small Quantity of the assurtraent.
Tmv have been bought at ,bw pKces and will be sold
at extremely low prices forcaah,!pt the NcwHatStore
hr Cormdg, ST. Y. ■ l| S. P. QUICK.
; to nmslc'faws.‘
A CHOICE LOT faf imported Italian anp
German. __i___
| VIOLIN SPRINGS,
pa=« Viol strings, strings, Toning Forks
•Bridges 4c., just received forfsale at
fLOY’& DRUG STOKE.
i.
WELLSBfrIIO HOTEL,
PA.
E. S. FARR, —i» PROPRIETOR.
I (formerly of the linked &taUt H01e1.)%
Haring leased this’well ICttownland popular House,
I solicits the patronage of tM public. With attentive
aid obliging waiters; together the Proprietor a
| knowledge of the
|o: those who stop with-. Tiim, [both, pleasant apd.
[Agreeable. -| j
1 IVeliaboro, May 3-1, 1860. . jl,
PICTURE
TOILET OLA^ES r Poi/»its l ifecturgs J Certificates
Eftgravings, Needle ork, l&c. r «fec., framed in
tta aeaegt mannerj in-pla; -t and ornamented , Gilt«
.Hj«e Wood; Black Walnut, Mahogany, Ac,' Per
■ionj leaving any article for’ faming, can receive them
luxtday framed in any styl;i they wish and hung for
tiem. Specimens at ’4
| E. B. BENEDICT, M.
¥OULD inform the putiic that he is permanently
located ip Elkland .feoroi Tioga Co. Pa», a pd
|* s prepared by thirty years’ to treat all dis
[ti&es of the eyes and theiriAppendages on scientific
principle®, ,aod that he caf-Lcure without < fail, That
dreadful disease, called SC Vitus’ Dance, ( Chorea
p'ancti Tt/uj and will attends io any other‘business in
pU line of Physic and Surg^y.
Boro, August 8, HjSfiO.;, j
[ McISROV dfc BjuIEY,
VOULD inform the public, that having purchased
the Mill property, known as , the “CULVER
IMILL,” and having repaired apd supplied it with
Ifcfiff bolts aad machinery, arc now ’prepared to do
CUSTOM WOEK
P ,lle entirl' satisfaction of ilf patrons. With the aid
pf our.exporienced miller, SJ ( '. L.ID. Mitchel, and the
posVMins efforts of the pnpritjlora, they intend to
up an establishment seeded to none in the county.
|wi>h iA': Ifa - wij ea t and corn.'and the highest market
p fl «gives.' /: EBW. McINROY,
Iffto. tf. ; ' JKO. W; BAILET.
1 TIOGA RECCItiTOB.
aEOEGE F. BUMPER*.? has opened,a new
Jew ely Store at -r '«
L Ti °ga Village, Tio ja {County, Pa.
L*? * ;e h prepared to do al kinds of Watch, Clock
P V eWe lry repairing, in aw Tk manlike manner. All
f tv t . lrTan i e! i to give entire satisfaction.
L »«t pretend to do Iwdrk belter than any other
P"", bat we can do as good irork as can be done In
pScitei aj; elsewhere. Also'Washes Plated..
I GEOBdE F. HUMPHREY.
I March 15, ISflOi (ly.j ______
sew hat asp cap store,
I Subscriber has Jnsfopenedin this place a new
J~ ln, i Cap Store, where he Intends to manafao
‘f' »od keep on hand a large and general assortment
fashionable Caaaimere Bats,
°" n m "nufacture. which will he solk at, hard
® e! prices. I
SILK HATS
'th« t H° rder 0n s!lort notioe
lonfn. llata 80 *'* ftt this Store aip fitted with a French
lead .n!! tute ’ w h>«h makes them soft and easy to the
Teak it.??.' 11 tb ® trouble of breaking your bead to
•ttkimn^D 1- ® tore *“ Newtßlook opposite the
■ss%r«.u». -B-p-QmcE
r Pork For Sale. .
her bw ® xtr * HBAVY MBSBPORK at *19,76
"fed the by t ' u poond at 10 cts., and war-
TO ' U. M. CONVERSE. •
tr HR AGITATOR
iA' ; - 1 ’. ■ > - f : i' - . 1 ■ ' ■ , , ; .
t OL. VII.
I AH ;iMEPEI^DBir¥
j Let sailors sing of (the windj[ deep,
f ; soldiers praike th«'armor, T
| Bat ib ray heart tbjiV toast I’ll keep* *
\ The Independent Farmer; •■}
I When first the rose), in robe of green
\ Unfolds its crimson lining,
| ' And ’round bis cottage porch Is seen
I The honeysuckle twining,'
I When hanks of blotan their sweetness yield
| To bees that gatner honey, \
He drives his team across tbje fields j
Where skies are soft and balmy.; j
The black bird col :ke.behind his plow, '
The quail pipes; oad and clearly, |
- Ton orchard bides behind It 4 bough
The dome be loves so dearly; ’ j
i The gray oM barn whose dadjs unfold
I His ample store n measure,
| More rich than heaps of hoairded gold,
| A precious, blessed treasure;
| But yonder in the porch there stands
| Bis wife, the lovely charmer,
\ The sweetest rose an all the lands—
| The Independent Farmer, i !
| To him the spring comes danpingly,|
{To him the-sumnier blosbes,
The autumn smiles j with mellW rayi
He sleeps, old wibter hnshes;
He cares not how tqe world-may move, ,
! 'JS T o doubts nor feire confound him;
I His little flocks are! linked to'love, 1
| And household angels round him, |
| He trusts m God, he loves his wife, ’ [
| Nor grief, nor illjroay hurra her, i
| He’s nature’s nobleman in life—, 1
I Independent Partner. I - "
J ! I
i THE MAli 808888. |
[Fourteen years ago ]| drove frbm Littleton, a
distance of forty-two miles, an<J, as I had to
wiit the arrival of two hr three poaches, did not
, start until after dinner t so I very often had a
gijod distance to drive after dark: It was in
dead of winter, and the season had been a
tough one. - A great deal of snow had fallen,
add the drifts were plenty and deep. The mail
thp I carried was not due at Littleton, by the
contract, until one o’clock in the morning, but
that winter the postmaster was very often ob
l'«ed to sit up a little later than that for me.
jOne day in January, when I drove up for
mV mail at Danbury, the postmaster sailed me
into his office. : ■ j
Pete," says be, with an important, serious |
lo|ik, *• there’s some pretty heavy money pack
ages in that bagand he pointed to the bag
asl be spoke. He said the money was from
to some land agpnts up near the Cana
da! 'the. Then be asked me if I’d got any pas
sengers who were going through to Littleton.
I told him I did not know, but “suppose I.
htwn’t,” says I. f ' j
..Why," says he, “the agent of the lower i
to lie came in to-day, and he says that there!
hnye been two suspicious characters on the
stdge that came up lastjnight; and be suspects
thi.t they have an eye upon the mail, so that it
toi I stand you in band to be a little careful." i
ie said, the agent had described one of them
as |a short, thick set fellow, abouit forty; years of
ago, with longhair, and a thick heavy clump
of isard under the chin, but nope on the side
]of his face. He didn’t, know anything about
I the other. I told the olid fellow I guessed tbsre
I was not much danger. ■ ,
I (“Oh, no not if yop have got passengers
I tbnough ; but I only told you this so you might
{look out for your mail, and look out for it when
jyof change horses.” (
I I answered that I should do sol and then took,
jthp bag under my arm and leftl the office. I
istopved the mail under imy eeat! a little more
than usual, placing it so! that I could
ikedp toy feet against: but beyond this I did
ino(| feel any concern. It was pajst one when I i
started, and I had fodr passengers, two of,
whbro rode on to my first stopping place. I,
realshed Gowan’s Mills at dark, when We stop-;
ipeq forjsupper, and where jmy qther two pas
senfeers concluded to stop fur the night. j
About six : o'clock in the evening I left
Gokan’s Mills alone, having two horses and an
open pong^
I] bad seventeen miles to go—and a hard
seventeen it was too. 'j The ni ;ht was quite
clesir, but the wind waS sharp md cold, the
loni syw flying in all director is, while the
drifts were deep and closely packed. It was ,
slow, tedious work, and my h >rseb soon, became :
lag weary and restive. At th» distance of six i
milJg I came to a settlement called Bull’s Ow
ners, where I took fresh horses. I’d been two
going that distance. Just as I was go
ing io start a man came up and asked if I was
point through to Littleton. I {told; him I
should g othrough if the thing copld possibly j
be done. He said be waji very ajnxiods to go, |
and is he had no baggage!, I told him to jump
in and. make himself as comfortable as possible.
I wok gatheringfpp my~ lines when the hostler
camaop and me if J knew (that one of
my Horses had cutrhimself badly ft I jumped
out mid went kim, all( * f° un M one of
the iaiimals had got a dee 5 cork cot onl the off
fore Soot. I gave such diiections as I,consid
ered Inecessary, and was about to turn away
whet* the hostler remarked that hb thought I
camelalone. I told him l did. [
“ Then were did, you gjt that passenger?”
said fie. ■
| “lie just got in,” I answered.
‘Gotit from where?” I ;
‘lldon’t know.”
‘ Well now,” said the hostler, “ that’s kind
ciH’ioos. Thera ain’t no such man. been, at
h|inBB, and I know there aint’ been nonf at
f djt the neighbor’s.” | ' r
1 Het’s have a look at his face,” said I, “ we
1 get that much, at any rate, jDo you go
■k with me, and when I get into the pung,
t l|)ld your lantern so (hat the light will shine
a his face.” , , ■
lejdid as I wished; and as I stepped into
the pUg I got a fair view of such portions of my
passenger's face as were not muffled up. I saw
a sboft, thick frame; full, hardy features, and
I cohjd see that there was a heavy beard under
the coin. I thought of the man whom the post
master had described to me; but I didn’t think
seriously upon it until I had startefl.
I had got a half a mile when' I notic'd (hat the
mailbag wasn’t in'its bid place under, my feet.
“ Hallo 1’? says I, holding lip my hordes »•
littlej" where’s my mail T” [ L
My passenger eat on the seat behind me, and
I turned toward him. - [
BOOK STORE.
can
bad
just
into
lore is * bag of fomq kind slipped back
•*' I ! i i : : T
WI ILK THERE • SHALL Bl| A. WRONG, UNRIGHTBD, AND UNTIL "MAN’S IN HUMANITY TO MAN" SHALL CEASE, AGITATION MUST CONTINUE,
, Wells:
fpßOy TIOGA COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY MORNING. MARCH 13, m\
under my feet,” he said, giving it a kick, as
though he’d shoved it forward.
; Just at this moment my horses lumbered into
a deep show-drift, and 1 was forced to get out
4nd tread the enow down ahead of them, and
lead throoghit,
This took me all of fifteen minutes, and when
I got in again I pulled the mail bag forward
i and got my feet upon it. As I . was doing
this I saw the man take something from bis lap,
beneath .the’buffalo, and put it im.his breast
ricket. At first I thought it was a pistol.—
bad caught a gleam of the barrel in the star
light, and when I had time to reflect, 1 knew I
could not jbe mistaken.
About tibia time 1 began to think somewhat
seriously. From wbat I bad hgard and seen,
I soon mode up my mind that the individual
behind me not only meknt to rob the mail, but
he was prepared to mb me of my life. If I
resisted him he would shoot me, and perhaps
he meant to preform that delicate job at any
rate. While I was pondering, the horses fell
into another deep snow-drift and I was again
forced to get out and tread down the snow be
fore them. I asked my passenger if he would
help me, but be said he didn’t feel very well,
would’t try it; so 1 worked alone, and was all
of a quarter of an hour getting my team through
the drifts. When I got into the sleigh again,
I, began to feel for the mail bag with my feet,
and found it where I bad loft it; but when I
attempted to withdraw my feet, I discovered
that it bad became entangled in something. I
thought it the buffalo, and tried to kick it clear;
b ( ut the more I kicked the more closely was it
held. ; I reached down my hand and after feel
ing about a few minutes, 1 found that my foot
was in the mailbag! I felt again, and found
my hand among the packages of letters and
papers, I ran my fingers over the edgee of the
opening, and became assured that , the stout
leather had been cot with a knife.
Here was a discovery. I began to wish I had
taken a little more forethought before leaving
Dunbury; but as I knew that making such
wishes was only a waste of time, I quickly gave
t up, and began to consider'what I had best to
lo under the existing circumstances. I wasn’t
ong in making up my mind upon a few essen
tial points. First, the man behind the was a
rillian ; second be had cut open the mail bag
ind robbed it of some valuable matter. He
hust have known the money letters hy their
lize and shape; third, he meant to leave the
.itage on the first opportunity; and fourthly,
ae was prepared to shout me if I attempted to
irrest or detain him.
I revolved these things over in my mind,
ind pretty soon I thought of a course to pnr
me. , I knew that to get my hands safely upon
he rascal, I must take him unawares, and this
! could not do while be was behind me for bis
■yea were upon me all (he time, so I must resort
b stratagem. Only a little distance ahead of
ps wai a house. An. old farmer named Lnugee
ived there, and directly in front of it was a
suge enow bank, etrcaehed across the road,
ihrough which a track for wagons had been
leared with shovels.
As we approached the cot I saw a'l'ght in
re front room, as I felt confident I should,
ir the old man generally sat up until the stage
■ent by. rdrove on, end when nearly oppo
se the dwelling, stood up. ns I had frequently
[tine when approaching difficult places. -. I saw
he snow hank ahead, and could distinguish the
jeep cut which had been shoveled through it.—
urged my horses to a good speed, and when
ear the bank forced them into it.
I One of the runners mounted the edge of the
lank, after which the other ran - into the cnt,
ids throwing the sleigh over about ns quick
3 though lightning had struck it. My passen
er had not calculated on any such movement
ad-wasn’t prepared for it ( but 1 had calcu
itpd, and was prepared. He mlled out into
je deep snow, with a heavy buffalo robe about
Him, while I lighted upon' my feet directly on
t|e top of him. I punched hie bend in the <-miw
and then sung out for old Longer. I did not
have to call a second time, for the farmer had
dime to the window to see me pass, and! us soon
as he saw ih'y sleigh o renamed, he had lighted
his lantern and hurried nut.
,1
‘1 What’s to pay," asked the old roan, as he
irried out.
■ Lead the horses into the track, and then
ne herei,” said' I.
ka I spoke I partially loosened my hold upon
s villian’s throat, and he drew a pistol front
bosom ; but I Saw it in season, and jammed
i head into the snow again, and got the wep
away from himf. By this time Lougee had
the horses nut and came back, and I ex
ited the master to him in as few words as
tpble. We hauled the rascal out into the
d« and upon examination wo found about
nty packages of letters which he had stolen
at the mailbag, and stowed away in his ponk
; -He sworjj and threatened and prayed ;
’we paid no attention to his blarney. Lnugee
some stout cord, and when we had securely
nd the we tumbled him into the ;
I g. I osked'the old man if he would accom- 1
|y me to Littleton, and he said •* of course.”
She got his overcoat and muffler, and ere long
(started. I
Breached the end of my route with my mail
cafe, though |not ns snng as it might have
to, and my mail hag a little the worse for
I game hh bap played upon it. However,
{mail robber Was secure, and within n week |
Was identified by some officers from Concord j
an old offender, and I’m rather inclined t qa
[{opinion, that he’s in (be State’s prison aty
I present moknent. At any rate, he" was
lire the last I heard of him.
. widow ladyj sitting by a cheerful fire" in a
litative mood, shortly after her husband’s
iase, sighed out; “ Poor fellow, how he did
a 1 good fire. | I hope be has gone where
f keep good fires !”
1 Ah, Doctor, how is my wife to day ?” The
itor shook his head and said:—“You- must
pare for the worst.'’—“ What!” exclaimed
alarined husband, ‘‘is she likely to recover?”
asocial old snarl says that love is a: com
ition of diseases—an affection of, the heart
an ioflauatioja of (be brain.
INAUGURAL ADDRESS
—or— I ,
PRESIDENT LINCOLN-
Fellc xc Citizens r>f the United States :
In compliance with n custom as old as the
government itself, I appear Before you to ad
dress you briefly, and to tnke’fn your presence
the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the
•Dnited.Statea to be taken by the President be
fore he enters on the execution of bis office.
I do not consider ft necessary at, present for
me to discuss those matters of administration
about which there is no special anxiety or ex
citement. <T • '
Apprehension seems to exist among the peo
ple of the Southern States that, by the acces
sion of a Republican administration, their
property and their peace and personal security
are (o be endangered. There' has never been
any reasonable cause for such apprehension.
Indeed, the most ample evidence tu the contrary
has all the while existed and been open to their
inspection. It is found in nearly all the pub
lished speeches of him who now addresses you.
I do hut quote from one of those speeches when
1 declare that “ I have no purpose directly or
indirectly to interfere with the institution of
slavery in the States where it exists ; I believe
I have no lawful right to do, and I have no
inclination to do so." Those who nominated
and elected me did so with a full knowledge
that I had made this and many similar declara
tions, and had never recanted them. And
more than this, they placed in the platform for
my acceptance, and as a law to themselves and
to me, the clear and emphatic resolution which
I no w rend:
Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of
the rights of the States, and especially the
right of each State to order and* control its
own domestic institutions according to its own
judgment exclusively, is essential to that bal
ance of power on which the peitfection and en
durance of our political fabric depend, and we
denounce the lawless invasion by armed force
of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter
under what pretext, as the gravest of crimes.
I now reiterate these sentiments, and in do
ing so I only press upon the public attention
the most conclusive evidence of which the case
is susceptible, that the property, peace and se
curity of no section are to be in anywise en
dangered by the now incoming administration.
I add, too, that nil the protection which, con
sistently with'the constitntion and the laws,
can he given, will he cheerfully given to all the
States, when lawfully demanded, for whatever
cause, as cheerfully to one section as to an
other;
There is much controversy about the deliver
ing up of fugitives from,-service or labor. The
clause I now read is as plainly written in the
Constitution as any other of its provisions.
“ No person held to service or labor in one
State, under the laws thereof, escaping into
another, shall, in consequence of any law or
regulation therein be discharged from such
service or labor, hut shall be delivered up on
claim of the party to whom such service or la
bor may be due.”
It is scarcely questioned that this provision
was intended by those who made] it for the re
claiming of what we call fugitive slaves ; and
the intention of the lawgiver is{the law. All
members of Congress swear tbeir support to
the whole constitution, to this provision as
much as any other. To the proposition, then,
that .slaves, whose eases come within the terms
of this clause, “ shall be delivered up,” their
oaths nre unanimous. Now, if they would
make the effort in good temper, could they not,
with nearly equal unanimity, frame and pass
a law by means of which to keep good that
unanimous oath. There is some difference of
opinion whether this clause should bp enforced
by national or by State authority; but surely
that difference is not a very material one. If the
slate is to be surrendeied it can be of but little
consequence to bun or to others by which au
thority it is done. And should any one, in any
case, be content that this oath shall go unkept
on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to
how it shall be kept ? Again, in any- law upon
this subject, ought not all the safeguards of
liberty known in civilized and humane juris
prudence to be introduced, so that a free man
be not, in any case, surrendered as a slave?
And might it not be well at the samp time to
provide by law for the enforcement of that
clause in the constitution which guarantees'that
“ the citizens of each State shall be entitled to
all the privileges and immunities of citizens in
the several States.” I take the official oath to
day wjth no[ mental reservations, and with no
purpose to construe the constitution or laws by
any hypercritical rules while I do not
choose now to specify particular acts of Con
gress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest
that it will be much safer for all, both in offi
cial and private stations, to conform to and
abide by all those acta which'stand unrcpealed,
than to violate any of them, trusting to find
impunity in having them held to be unconsti
tutional.
It is seventy-two years since the first inaugu
ration of a President under our national consti
tution. During that period fifteen different arid
greatly distinguished citizens have in succession
administered the executive branch of the gov
ernment, They have conducted it through many
perils, and generally with great success.; Yet,
with all this scope for precedent, I now enter
upon the same task, for the brief constitutional
Jerm of four yearn, under great and peculiar
difficulty. A disruption of the federal Union,
heretofore only menaced, is now formidably at
tempted. I hold that, in contemplation of uni
versal law and of the constitution, the Union of
these. States is perpetual. Perpetuity is" im
plied if not expressed in the fundamental law of
all national governments. It is safe to assert'
that goyernmeiit proper never had a provision
in its organic law for its own termination.—
Continue to execute all the express provisions
of and the Union will
endure forever,lit being impossible to destroy
it except by s )me action not provided for in the
instrument itself. Again, if the United States
be not n government proper, but an association
of States in the nature of a contract merely,
can it as a contract ho peaceably unmade by
less than all tbo parties who made it? One
- • , ' - '
party to* a contract may Violate it—break it,
so to speak—but does it not require all to law
fiilly rescind it ? 1
Descending from these general principles,
we find the proposition ! that, in legal'contem
plation, the Oniob is perpetual, confirmed by
the history of tbe|Union itself.
The Union is much older than the constitu
tion. It was fornied, in fact, by. the Articles of
Association in 1774. It-was matured and con
tinued in the Declaration of Independence in
1770. It was further matured, and the faith of
ail the then thirteen States expressly plighted
and engaged that jt should bfi perpetual, by the
Articlas of Confederation in 1778; and finally,
in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordain
ing and establishing the constitution was to
form a more pprfedt Union. But if the destruc
tion of the Union ,by one or by a part only of
the States bo lawfully possible, the Union is
less than.before, this constitution having lost the
vital element of perpetuity.
It follows from! these views that no State,
upon its own mere motion, cun lawfully gefcout
of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to
that effect are legally void, and that acts of vio
lence within, any State or States, sgaitfst the
authority of the United States, are insurrec
tionary or revolutionary, according to circum
stances. I therefore consider that, in view of
the constitution and the laws, the Union is un
broken, and to thoi extent nf my ability I shall
take! care, as the constitution itself expressly
enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union be
faithfully executed in all the States. Doing
this I deem to be l fenly a simple duty-on my
part. I shall perfectly perform it, so far as is
practicable, unless! my rightful masters, the
American people, shall withhold the requisi
tion, or in some authoritative manner direct
the contrary. I trust this will not be regarded
as a menace, but only as the declared purpose
of the Union 'that jt will constitutionally de
fend'and maintain itself.
In doing this there -need be no bloodshed or
violence, and there shall be none, unless it is
forced upon the national authority. The, pow
er confided to me Will be used to hold, occupy
and .possess the property and places belonging
to the government, jand collect the duties and
imposts; but beyond what may be necessary
fir these objects there will be no invasion—no
using of force against or amongst the people
anywhere. !
Where hostility to the United-States shall be
so great and so universal as to prevent compe
tent resident citizens from holding the federal
offices, therywill be no attempt to force obnox
ious strangers among the people that object.
While the strict legal right may exist of the
government'to enforce the exercise of these offi
ces, the attempt to do so would be so irritating
and so nearly impracticable withal that I deem
it better to forego for the time the uses of such
offices. -^_
The malls, nnlcss! repelled, will continue to
be furnished in all-parts of the Union.
So far as possible, the people everywhere
shall havo that sensfe of perfect security which
is most favorable toj calm thought and reflec
tion. The course Jiere indicated will be fol
lowed unless current? events and experience
shall show a modification or change to be prop
er; and in every case and exigency my best
discretion will be exercised accordingly to the
circumstances actually existing, and with a
view and a hope of a peaceful. solution of the
national troubles and the restoration of frater
nal sympathies and affections.
That there aye persons in one section or an
other who seek to {destroy the Union-at all
-events, and are.glnd of any pretext to do it, I
will neither affirm n<ir deny. But if there be
such I need address,no word to them.
To those, however; who really loVe the Union,
may I not speak? [Before entering upon so
grave a matter as the destruction of our na
tional fabric, with all its benefits, its memories
and its hopes, would it not be well to ascertain
why we do it. 'Will* yon hazard so desperate a
step while there is any portion of the ills
you fly from-that 1 have no real existence?
Will you, while jhe certain ills you fly
to are greater than all the real ones you
fly ' from ? Will you risk the commission
of so fearful a mistake? All profess to be con
tent in .the Union if all constitutional rights
can be Smintained. , Is it true, then, that any
right, plainly written in' the* constitution, has -
beeq denied ? I think not. Happily the hu
man mind is so constituted that no party can
reach to the andacitjl of doing this. Think, if
you can, of a single 'instance -in which a plain
ly written -provision of the constitution has
ever been, denied, by the mere force of
numbers, a majarity should deprive a minority
of any clearly written constitutional right, it
might, in a moral point of vfesv, justify revolu
tion ; certainly would, if such right were a vital
one. But such is not the case.
All the vital rightsj of minorities and of in
dividuals are so plainly assured to them by af
firmations and notations, guarantees and pro
hibitions, in the constitution, that controver
sies never arise conce|rning them. But no or
ganic law can ever be framed with a provision
specifically applicable to every question which
may occur in practical administration. No«
foresight can anticipate, nor any document of
reasonable length contain, express provisions
for all possible questions. Shall fugitives from
labor be surrendered | by national or by State
authority ? The-constitution does not expresel
ty say. Must Congress protect slavery in thf
Territories? The constitution does not ex
pressly say. From questions of this class
spring all onr.cunstifational controversies, and
we divide upon them into .majorities and mi-
nonties.
If the minority wilt.hot acquiesce the majori
ty must, or the government roust cense. . There
is no alternative for continuing the government
but acquiescence on the one side or the other.
If a minority in such la case will secede rather
than acquiesce, they make a precedent which
in turn will min and divide them, for a minori
ty of their own will secede from them whenev
er‘a majority refuses to’be controlled by such
.a minnrity.' F,r instance, why not anyportion
of a new confederacy,! a year or two hence, ar
bitrarily secede again i precisely ns portions of
the’present Union now claim to secede from it,
All who cherish disunion, sentiments arc now
I Rates of Advertising. f
J Advertisements will bo charged R per Eqnaro of 10
■ lines, ono or in o-Soni, mi 1 . j cents for every
-or three, , ,
subsequent ij sci t : on, Adve- eue ■ o r Ices tbarflo
Unea considered a e pqn.~3o. i'uo sc olcined rates bill
be charged far Queib ri",He’ VYcerlj 93d Yearly ad
vertisement I • • •
3 jibs?HS. 8 MotfTDS. 12 mosth*.
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rents noi hcvtng tbennmberof rnserliora
:sd upon w ;, l be published until or.
il charged according’/,
nflbille, Bill-Heads, Letter-Heads nnda'i
plug in country establishments, «s.
rand piomptly. ■ Justices', Constslle'K,
,A>*KS constantly.on hand.
Sqnare,
2 do.'
S do.
i column^
i do.
Column,
Advertiser!
desired mork
dered out an<
Posters, Hi
kinds of Job
eooted neat);
and other BI
m.3i
being educi
this. Is tbi
among the
to produce
secession,
sion is the
A majorit
checks and
easily with
ions and set
of a free p
necessity, 0;
Dimity is i)
as a perman
missible. £
ciple, atiarcl
that is left.
I do not fc
thfitoonstiti
by the Supn
decisions mi
the parties
suit, while tl
respect and i
by all other
and while it
cision may hi
the evil effecl
particular cai
overruled am
other oases, c
evils of a diff
the candid cii
cy of the gov
affecting the
fixed by the
the instant th
between parti
will have ceas
to that extent
ment into the
Nor is there i:
Court or the
It is a duty
to decide ci>so
and it je no fai
their decisions
tion of our co
and ought to bi
lioves it is wron
This is the on I
fugitive slave
the law for the
trade, are each
any law can ev<
moral sente of
the law itself,
abide by the dry
and a few brea
cannot be peri
worse iii. both ci
sections than be
now imperfectly
ly revived, withi
while fugitive si
dered, would nc
other. Physical
ate —we cannot
from each other,
between them.
divorced and go out of
yond the reach of each
parts of our country
cannot bat remain face
.either amicable -or faosi
tween them. ,la it pass
intercourse more advai)
factory after separatiol
aliens make treaties et
make law's ? Can 'treat)
enforced between alien!
friends ? Suppose you I
fight always, and} when,)
sides, and no gain on eil
the identical question'll
course are again dpon ya
its institutions, belongs |
babit it. Whenever th'e;
the existing govlernmer
their constitutional right
revolutionary right to di
it. I cannot be ignoran
worthy and' patriotic ci
"Raving tbe national coi
While I make no recoi
ment, I freely reiognizi
the people over the- wbc
cised in either of the mi
. instrument itself; and I
circumstances, favor rat
opportunity being affor.
upon it. I will vjirituro
convention mode yearns p
lows amendments’to orig
themselves, insljea 1 of ot
take or reject proposition
not specially ohjosi n for t
might not be precisely su.
themselves to Accept or i
a proposed amendment
which amendment
has passed Congress, to i
era! government shall ne
domestic institutions of i
of persons held to servUt
Btructiun of most I have s
purpose, not to s teak o
meats, so far as to isay thn
vision tp now be implied
have no objection to its bei
irrevocable. .The) Chief
all his authority from tl
hare conferred npite^u;
terms for the sc
The people them wives can also do this if
they choose, but the !Ssecutivo, as such, ,
has, nothing to do with it. His duty is to ad
minister the preserl government as it came to
his hands, and to transmit it unimpaired by
him to his successor. Why should there not
be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice
of the people ? la there any better or equal
hope in the world! In imr present differen
ces, is either party without faith of being'in,
the right I If thejAlmig tty ruler of nntVns,
with His eternal truth and justice, lie on your
aide of the North, or .on 1, yours of the South,
that trutß and that justice will surely prevail ,
by. the judgment Of this! great triliuu.,;—lira
American people. I By tile frame of the gov- .
ernment under which wei live, this same people
have wisely given th.-ii f public (idwauta but .
little power for m'Sull’vCj t'.jul hivYCi with equal
the exact temper-of doing
perfect identity of interests
to comprisea new Union as
r only and prevent renewed
the central idea of seccs
if-anarchy.
tied to
re such
States
larmon
Piainl
isence
n restraint by constitutional
ions, and always changing
.to changes of popular opin
b, is the only true sovereign
■Whoever rejects it does, of
Toby or to despotism. Una
c. The rule of a minority,
■angement, is wholly inad
rejecting the majority prin
ispotiam in some form is all
jr held
limits
leliber;
itiment
isople,
y to an:
r poosibl
lent ar
that,
iy or d
rget tb > position assumed by some,
tional questions are to be decided
me Court, nor do I deny that sncli
ist be binding, in any ease, Upon
lo a spit, as to the object of that
ey are also entitled to very high
onsidei ntion in all parallel cases,
depart nents of the government j
ts obviously possible-tbat such do
erromous in any given cose, still
I following it, being-limbed to that
,oe, with the ohanoe th'ahit may be
d nevejr become a precedent for
in better bo borne than could the
jrent p ’.notice. At tho same time
izen m ast confess that if the poli
rernmeit upon'the vital questions
vhole people is to be irrevocably
;lecisioi the Supreme Court,
jy are made in ordinary litigation
>s in personal actions the people
■ed to bje their own, unless having
practically resigned their govern
hands of that eminent tribunal,
this vlatv any assault upon the
idges.
irom wj
i propd
ilt of tl|
to poli!
ntry I
ex ten
and
hich they may not shrink
srly brought before them.
eirs if others seek to turn
;ical purposes. Oee'sec-
clieves slavecy is rights
led, while, the other be-
>ugbt not to be extended,
antial dispute; and the
of the' constitution, and
7 BUbs
clause
gupprr
as w<
i .ion (f the foreign slave
11 enforced, perhaps,-as
a c mmnnity wbere the
ble imperfectly supports
eat body Of the people
jbligiitionjn both eases,
in each. This, I think,
r be in
Ihe pee
I’he g:
>. legal
k, over
pctly <
Ues afti
arc'd; and it w'onld be
;r the separation of the \
L'be foreign slave trade,
ssed, would be ultimate
triotion in one section,
iw only partially surren
irrondered at all by the
iking, we cannot separ
our respective sections
ild an impassable wall
land and wife may be
fore, i
eupprei
mt res
ives, n<
t be s
ly spei
remove
Dor bi
A bus
the presence and be
)tber; but the different
jannot do this. They
to face, and intercourse
ile, must continue* be
ble, then, to make that
itageous or'more satis
h than before ? Can
isier, than friends can
ies ' be more faithfully
s thanlaws can among y
go to waryon cannot"
after much loss on both
her, you cease fighting
| as to terms of intcr
lu. This country, with
Ito the people who in- •
y shall grow weary of
it, they can exercise
t of amending, or their
jsmember or overthrow
t of the fact that ‘many
iitizens are desirous o?
istitution amended.—
mnendation of amend
tho full authority of
le subject, to be excr
des prescribed in tho
should, finder existing
ier than oppose a fair ■
led the people to act
to add that to me tho
referable, in that is al
uate with the people
ly permitting them to
i originated by others
io purpose, and which
sh as they woqld wish
refuse. I understand v
;o .the constitution —
er, I have not seen—
he effect that the fed*
ter interfere with the
hates, including that
i. To’ avoid miscon
iid, I depart from my
f particular amend
t holding such a pro
constitutional jaw, I
ng made express and
Magistrate, derives
o people, and they
I ton him to fix the
of the States
laratio