err; GUAN O—ITS; HISTORY. Guano, as most peqplq understand, is, im-: ported from the islands of the Pacific—most ly of’ the Chincha group off the of Peru, and under the dominion of that gov ernment., Its sale, is made a monopoly, and the avails, to a great extent, go to pay the British holders of Peruvian government bonds, giving them to all intents and purposes, a lien upon the .profits of a treasure intrinsically more valuable than the gold mines of Cali fornia. .There are deposits of this unsur passed fertilizer in some places to the depth of sixty ot seventy feet, aed over large ex tents of surface. The guano fields are gen erally conceded to be the excrementa of aquatic fowls which live and nestle in great numbers around the islands. They seem de signed by nature to rescue, at least it) part, that untold amount of fertilizing material which every river end brooklet is rolling into the sen. The wash of alluvial soils, the float, mg refuse of the field and forest, and, above all, the wasted materials of great cities, are constantly being carried by the tidal currents nut to sea. These, to a certain bxtenl at least, go to nourish, directly or indirectly, submarine vegetable and animal life, which m turn goes to feed the birds which at our day are brought away by the ship load from the Chincha islands. Tile bird is,a beautifully-arranged chemical laboratory, lilted up to perform a single op eration, viz :—to take the fish as food, burn out the carbon by means of its respiratory functions, and deposit the remainder in the shape of an incomparable fertilizer. But how many ages may these depositions of seventy feel m thickness been accumula lina 1 There ere at the'present day countless numbers of the birds resting upon the islands at night; but, according to Baron Humboldt, the excrements of the birds for the space of three centuries would not form a stratum over one-tbird of an inch in thickness.— By an easy mathematical calculation, it will he seen that at this rate of deposition, it would lake seven thousand five hundred and sixty centuries, or seven hundred and fifty six thousand years, to form the deepest gua no bed ! Such a calculation carries us back well on towards a former geological period, and proves one, and perhaps both, of two things—first, that in past ages an infinitely greater number of these birds hovered over the islands ; and secondly, that the ma terial world existed at a period long anterior to its fitness ns the abode of man. The length of man’s existence is infinitesimal, compared with such a cycle of years ; and the (acts recorded on every leaf of the ma terial universe ought, if it does not, to leach us humility. That a little bird, whose indi vidual existence is as nothing, should, in ns united-action, produce the means of bring ing back (o aa active fertility whole provin ces of waste and barren lands, is one of a thousand facts to show how apparently in significant agencies in the economy of na ture produce momentous results. —London Farmer's Magazine. The Sound Dues.—WJial they arc. The “Sound 'Dues” at the present lime be ing the subject of much agitation at Wash ington and elsewhere, and as they may pos sibly give rise to 'a serious dispute between the United Slates and Denmark, it is well that all should know what they are. The “Sound” is a narrow strait lying between the island of Zeland, belonging to the Danes, and the Swedish coast, and gives entrance to the Baltic Scs. The fortress of Cronhurg Castle commands the passage, and exacts a payment from all vessels entering the Baltic ; the ships of Denmark herself have to pay, as well as foreign lonage. The origin of this exaction is, that in ancient limes, Denmark undertook to build and sustain certain light-houses along the coast, for which the Hanestowns agreed US' pay toll. England, Franco, Holland and Sweden pay a duty of one per cent, on ev ery cargo entering the Baltic. Other coun tries including the United Siates, pay one and a quarter cent"; even Danish ships are taxed to this rate. In the year 1826, a treaty re cognizing this duty was concluded between the United Slates and Denmark. This treaty, however, according to one of its stipulations, may be dissolved by either of the parlies, provided they give one year’s notice of their intention, During the Presidency of John Ty ler, our Government determined to pm a for cible end to this imposition. Mr. Upshur, then Secretary of Stale, fitted out a fleet of mer chantmen and vessels of war, under Commo dore Stuart, which he designed should force its way into the Baltic, and thus at once rid the United Stales of the Sound duties.— Mr. Upshur’s sudden death, however, by (he explosion of a cannon just as the fleet was ready to start, delayed Iho exhibition, and it was finally abandoned. Other attempts were made to abolish this lax. While Denmark was at war with Schleswig-Holstein, Mr. Flenniken, the U. S. Minister offered, on the part of his Governmet to pay Denmark $250, 000 for 10 years’ suspension of dues ; his death prevented proposal coming to a head. Finally, on the 12lh of April last the U. S. notified the Danish Government of their intention to cease paying the Sound duties, and the stipulation of the treaty will accor dingly expire next Spring. Should no ami cable arrangement of the question be arrived m in the meanwhile, we expect to see our vessels passing the Sound under war like convoy. A serious conflict will then most probably arise— Alb. Tram, ( Obituary.—a late number of ihe Boston Times contains the following “Dyed in ibis city, a few days since, 'Charley’s whiskers. They had long been an' ornament to the circle in which they moved ; but alas ! I heir roseate hue hath de parted, and instead, they present an appear ance of unearthly blackness, which color is gadually changing to a purple, mingled with a lovely hlac. “Happy are they who dye young.” Let a bachelor get a scratch upon his falp^ ,& wiAinyotlot intliwaiflfeU-. Amopg the ~ .„ v • DH IP GOOD«-■■ ■ •■■ • ■ willbe found ft 'great variety o (Ladies’ Dress Goods ocniisting in .part of Bereges, Befege Delanes,alhv>ool Defanes, Lawns, plain and printed; Gipghami, Scotch and, Ameripan; Poplins, Prints of all shades and color s,agoodstock oft 81XK8. Also, for men’s wear may be found Broad Cloths Cassimeres, Tweeds, Kentucky Jeans, silk, satin and Sommer Vestings. Also, Sheetings, Shirtings, bleached and brown, Tickings, Summer Goods for boys’ wear. Cotton Yarn,Carpet \yarg, Colton Batted, with a variety of other rliolesloo numerous to mention. Groceries and Provisions. A full slock, will be 'kept on hand. .Those in want of 'Scgara,'" Teas, Coffee, Molasses, ‘ Stewart’s best Syrup, Spices, Pepper, Ginger,Salctatus, Flour, Fish, Salt Tobacco, or any other article in this line, will do well to call on os before purchasing else where. - HARDWARE, aslarge and complete an assortment as can befuund in the county. Among which is Cutlery of all kinds, Carpenters Tools, Chains, Hoes, Shovels, Forks, Butts and Screws, Door Hangings, Bills, &c., &c. CROCKERY, GLASS & STONE-WaR, Boots Shoos, B&U iuul Caps, Steel, Iron, Nails, Paints and Oils, Glass and Putty, Ready-Made Clothing, Ready Made Clothing:, here [kept constantly on hand, a suit warranted to wear as loug as any other, end made in the best and most substantial manner, and under his own super vision. The proprietor bus .a complete knowledge of the trade, and can sell the best quality of Ready Made Clothing considerably cheaper than any other establishment Ip the county. He keeps a variety o Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings„Drawers, Trimmings, Wrappers, Shirts, Collars, Cravats, fyc. dfc.. which will be sold as reasonably os they can be pur chased elsewhere, His slock of COATS &, VESTS can’t be beat this side of Now York, either in price style, or quality. Don’t target that this establishment took the firs premium at the Fair of last October. CT Particular attention given to cutting and ma king garments to order. C. OSMUN, Tioga, April 5, 1855. WEW GOODS. rpHE subscriber would respectfully inform ms customers, and friends Inal he etui eon tinucs the mercantile business, at the old place, at the well known store ofL. I. Nichols, where he will be happy to wait on those that will favor him with a cull, and would invite the attention of the public generally to his largo and commodious stock of DRY GOODS, Groceries, Ready-Made Cloth, ing and Hardware, CROCKERY, WOODENWARE, STONE WARE, BOOTS & SHOES, HATS AND CAPS, &c., &c., in (act everything else kept in a country store,artl clcs too numerous to mention, and will sell cheaper iban can be bought this side of New York city. All kinds of produce taken in exchange for goods at the highest market price. J. R. BOWEN. Wellsborough, June 29,1854. SABH & BLIND FACTORY. COVINGTON, TIOGA CO., PA. TH E subscriber is prepared by new Ma just purchased, lo furnish to order, all kinds of square and fancy Sash and Blinds. Square .Sash of common sites constantly on hand. By long experience in the business, the subscri ber flatters himself that he can make as good an article, and sell it as cheap as can be obtained si any estabishment in Pennsylvania or New York. Call and see. DAVID S. IRELAN. Covington, March 2,1854. CTTlie subscriber is also Agent for the sale of Dr. D. Jaynes celebrated Family Medicines, also Scarpa’s Oil for Deafness. D. s. I. COSMUN has just returned from the City • with a splendid assortment of Broadcloths, Cassimtres, Vestings, Trimmings of all kinds, Ready-Made Clothing of all qualities aud sizes, French Bosoms, Shirts and Wristbands, Cravats and Scarfs, all styles, a la Byron Collars, Stand, ing Collars, Gloves and Ho. siery, ySucpenders, But terns of all descriptions, Links and Double Buttons for Coats, Turk Satin Linings for Coats Pongee Sleeve Linings and Velvets of all styles which will bo sold cheap for Cash.. Tioga, April 19, 1853. W. W. WEBB, Iff. D., HAS established himself in the practice of Med icine and Snrgery in the Township of Liberty Pa., wheto ho will promptly attend all calls in bis profession. Liberty, Feb. 1.1854. . 8. F. WILSON, O’ Removed lo James Lowrcy’s Office, lAS. LOWREY& 8. P. WILSOIT. ATTORNEYS &' COUNSELLORS AT . law, will attend tho Courts of Tioga, PolUr and McKean counties, * WelUboroDgh,Feb. 1,1853. S 3EX * € T-. s e n O ox. TV/T®®® A* SEA US, will open « Se -ITX lea Schobl on Monday, the 571 h of Aujnirt, in (he building back of K. 8. Bailey’s Store, TUJTION. Reading, writing-, spelling, and plain Sewing, .$1,50 Common English Wancbe^ErnWoidery,; Higher English branched• .V ~ I }3 00 Music, Mctodeon ........ * ? *’ 500 “ *• *V r r .V.V.V. 8> Wellsbdro’, August 3, 185^, W Att PAPER!— BEST . Shl ,nt 9 1 > 1 1 l 1 5 P>Cfi. cine la not mote or leas required, and much sick ness and suffering might be prevented, if a harm less but effectual Cathartic were more freely used. No person can feel well while a costive habit of body prevails; besides it soon generates serious and oflen ’fatal diseases, which might have been avoided by the timely and judicious usq of a good purgative. This is alike true of Colds. Feverish symptoms, and Bilious derangements. They all tend to become or produce the deep seated and formidable distempers which load the ncarscs all over the land. Hence a reliable family physic is of the first Importance to the public health, and .this Pill has been perfected with consummate skill to meet that demand. An extensive trial of its virtues by Physicians, Profcs . sore, and Patients, has shown surpassing any thing hitherto known of any medicine. Cures have been effected beyond belief, were they not sub stantiated by persons of such exalted position and character as to forbid the suspicion of untruth. Among the many eminent gentlemen who have testified in favor of these Pills, we may mention: Db. A. A. Hayes, Analytical Chemist, of Boston, and State Aasaycr of Massachusetts, whose high professional character is endorsed by the Hon. Edward Everett, Senator of the U. 8. Robert C, Wintkuop, Ex-Speaker of the House »f Representatives. Abbott Lawrence, Minister Plan, to England, f John B. Fitzpatrick, Cath. Bishop of Boston. Also, Dn. J. R. Chilton, Practical Chemist, of New York City, endorsed by Hon. W. L. Maucy, Secretary of State. Wm. B. Ahtor, the richest man in America. S. Lbland Hi. Co., Propria of the Metropolitan Hotel, and others. Did space permit, wc could give manv hundred certificate*, from all parts where the Pills have been used, but evidence even more convincing than thq experience of eminent public men is found in. their effects upon trial. These Pills, the result of long Investigation and study, arc offered to the public os the best and most complete which the present state of medical science can afford. They are compounded not of the drugs themselves, hut of the medicinal virtues only of Vegetable remedies, extracted by chemical process in a state of purity, and combined together in such a manner ns to insure the best results. This system,of composition for medicines bps been found in the Cherry Pectoral and Pills both, to produce a more efficient remedy than had hitherto been ob tained by any process. The reason is perfectly ob 4 vious. While by the old modeuf composition, every medicine U burdened with more or less of acri monious and injurious qualities, by thin each indi vidual virtue only that is desired for the curative effect is present. * All the inert ond obnoxious qual ities of each substance employed are left behind, the curative virtues oulv being retained. Hence it 5s self-evident the effects should prose ns they have proved more purely remedial, and the Pill* u surer, moro powerful antidote to dbense than any other medicine known to the world. As it is frequently expedient that my medicine should be taken under the counsel of un attending Physician, and as he could not properly judge of a remedy without knowing its composition, I have supplied the accurate Formula; by which both my Pectoral and Pills ore made to the whole body of Practitioners in the United States and British Amer ican Provinces, If, howoier, there should be any ono who has not received them, they will be promptly forwarded hv mail to his address. Of aH*thc Patent Medicines that are offered, how few would be taken if their composition was known 5 Their life consists in their mystery, X have no mysteries. . • The composition of my preparations is laid open to all men, and nil who nic competent to judge on the subject freely kcknowlcdge their comietions of their intrinsic merits. The Cherry Pectoral uns pronounced by scientific men to ho n wonderful medicine before its effects were known. Mam em inent ITiysicians have declared the same thing of mv Pills, and even more confidently, and arc will ing TO cemty tltni tUCII QittklynUnnn were, umta than realized by their effects upon trial. They operate by their powerful influence on the internal viscera to purify the blood and stimulate it into healthy action rcmoie the obstructions of the stomach, bowels, liver, and other organs of the body, restoring their irregular action to health, and by correcting, wherever they exist, such derange ments as arc the first origin of iUmswc. Being Hugar wrapped they arc plciu-ruit to tube, and being purely vegetable, no barm can arise from their use in anv quantity. For minute directions, see wrapper on the Box. I‘KKl'AiaCl) 11Y •' JAMES C. AYEE, Practical and Analytical Chemist, LOWELL, MASS. Price 2i Cents per Bex. Five Foxes for $l. 801,1) liv ROBERT ROY, WellsborougVi; B. Bajise Barseville; E, Dveh, Covington; Dr. Hum phrey, Tiogn, and fay Druggists where. August 16,1855.-4 m. Tioga Foundry & Ma chine Shop. TABOR, YOUNG- & CO. MANUFACTURERS of Steam Engines, Boilers, and Machinery of all kindr; Stoves, Hollow Ware, Tin, and Copper Ware. REPAIRING & JOB WORK done with the least possible delay. MILL GEARINGS furnished withouteztra charge or patterns. PLOWS of all kinds, (two of which look the premium at the late County Fair,) kept constantly on hand. We have the exclusive right, for Tioga County, to manufacture and vend the King Stove. one of the best (if nut the very best) Cook Stoves coer invented; which is always on hand at our store house, for wholesale & retail. TABOR, YOUNG & CO. Tioga, Feb. 15,1855. TAILORING, rp HEunderaigr cd would info; lha ciliicnsofWcl borough and vitfini that he has again i turned to this plat and opened a shi over the Post oflii where ho will be pi ared to do Tailnrii in all its branches, . a good and workmanlike manner, for ready pay and at.prices that cannot fail to please. All work entrusted to him will be done up with despatch,and a fit warranted. CUTTING’done on short notice. Country pcobuco (delivered) of all kinds, taken for work, 11. p. ERWIN, WeUshotongh, April 22,1855. LIME, LIME, LlME!—Kept constantly on ■hand at bis Plaster Mill near Mansfield, fresh ly buniedand of superior quality. Price, 37 J cents per bushel. " A. BIXBY. Mansfield, Jane 14, 1855. ' O LBS. of old [ron and Copper wanted in exchange for Stoves and Tinware, by [Nov,9.] D.P. &W. ROBERTS. JUST RECEIVED?" largo supply of oil kinds o .Extracts, for Cooking, «pd Perfumery of the besnqu.alily, at {Tioga]; .G. W. TAYLOR’S, AND FORCE PUMPS, whole sale and retail, from 810 lo $l5 each, at Wellshoro’, Not, 9. D. P; &. W. ROBERTS’, largo supply for sale chcad ys by Mafap-’3s] V. CASE, Knoxvillo LIGHT. —Tdllow £ Adamantine Candles, Born iog Fluid and Lamp Oil, at CASE’S, CAPS £ HATS of every description just received at JONES L ROE’S. BtACKSMITHINGfOft THE PEOPtE. taken iliy s|apk. patipnage of thuapwbo in our line of business. We ere prepared to, do all aorta end kinds of work. Mill Irons, can be got up at short notice. Particular attention paid to HORSE SHOEING. All kinds of shoes from the Common to the Concave Seated shoe. N. B. Tile system adopted at this establishment is not to charge 25 percent extra to pay for bad debts, therefore those who may pationiic us can feel assured they will not hare to pay the debts of those who nev er pay; this plan is succeeding beyond cur expecta tions already. W c invite all who can to come and see for themselves, you cannot loose much, and yon may find it to your advantage. May 3.1855, Om GRAY & LOUNSBURY. PRVOS AND MEDICINES! IN LAWRENCEVILLE, PA. rpHE subscribers have constantly on hand aUheir Drug Store, in Law. y renceville, a large am) well selected stock IHbB of DRUGS , Sfc., of every description used by Physicians in the country, and ail the moat popular PATENT MEDICINESof the day which we offer for sale at prices which cannotfai ot suit those who may favor us with a call. Among our Patent Medicines may be found the following: MarchanP&Oargling Oil; terative, Pills, Pills, Ac.; Billers and Pills; Fitche's silver plated Abdwninal Support ers, Braces, Inhaling l\zbes, and all the medicines prepared by him for his private practice; Brant's Pxlmonary Balsam and Purifying Extracts: Ayre's Cherry Pectoral; Rogers' Syrvp of Tar and Canchalague; DUliow's Heave Cure; An drew's Pain Killing Agent; Trusk's Magnetic Ointment; 'Dr. Christie's Galvanic Belts, sc.; Houghton's Artificial i’tpsin; Blake's Aromatic Billers ; and all the most popular Pills and Ver mifuges, Ce. Also a good, assortment of SCHOOL AND BLANK BOOKS, Biography,History,Miscellaneous Reading, &c. Paints, Oils and Rye-SlnHs, GLASS, wholesale and retail, Gold and Silver Leaf. Putty, Spts. Turpentine, Camphoric, Burning Fluid, Varnishes,&c. TRA UGH T. VANHORN would inform ihe ciii, zeng ol Wellgborough and vicinity, that h. hag purchased the interest of his partner, John S, Bliss, in the above business, and will continue it the old stand, two doors cast of Jones’ Store, to on hand and make to order all kinds of Cabinet Furniture—such as Sofas, Divans, Ottomans. Card, Centre, Dining dp Breakfasf Tablet. Dress Stands, Dress and Common Bureaus, MAHOGONY & COMMON WASH STANDS. Cottage , French and Common Bedsteads, of every description, together with all articicsuta* ally made in his line of business* From bis knowledge of the business be fUu lers himself with the belief that those wishing to purchase, would do well to call and examine his work before sending elsewhere for an inferior article. COFFINS, of every variety, made to order, it siuot notice, and reasonable charges. TURNING done in a neat manner, at short no lice. W Chairs! Chairs! In addition to the above, the subscri- TsHßfebcr would inform the public that he beg If ft u just received a large and handeomc assort- ment of. cane and common chairs, Boston and Common Rocking Chairs. tlie highest market price. July 13,1854. TlTAlTRASSES—constantly on hand and IVI for sale by B. T. VANHORN. NAILS by the Keg or pound,very cheap at May 311855. JONES & ROE’S. PARASOIjS.— A beautiful assortment ccivcd at [May 31,] JONES &. ROE’ GEO. W. SEARS.