LATER PROM IItIBOPE.
vThe : Allies Re-opening Fife at;Se?afl-
Jed a!.* kv. ;
t hfonrasib of rtia chti'to hii knHr, .
• The foljowipg'is -the Manifesto of Alexnjt*
• der ‘it id" his Army; ddled- Sl. Petersburg,
" Marcli 3: ~ p
> 1 "Valiant warriors! Faithful defenders of
OKtfrcßVThrdn^^hd^CdQntry! ft bcis pleased
-Afiiiighty God Id Visit da wiih the most pain*.
Aii'fifld grievlous loss'. We have all lost our
COmmon falhet and benefactor. _ In the midst
of his unwearied care for Russia’s prosper!*
■ ty, and lhe glory of the Russian arms, the
Emperor Nicholas Paulovitch, my most bles
sed father, has departed US eternal life.
“His last words were : t i thank the glo.
rious loyal guard, who, in 1825, saved Rus
sia, and I also thank the brave army and
fleet, add I pray God "to maintain the courage
and spirits by which they have divtinguiahed
themselves under tine.' go long as this spirit
remains upheld, Russia’s tranquility is secu
red both Within and without, and woo to her
enemies I I loved-roy troops as my own chil
dren, and strove as much as I could to -im
prove their condition. If I was not entirely
successful in that respect, it was from no want
of Will, but because I was unable to devise
anything' belter, or to do more.’ May these
ever memorable words remain preserved', in
your hearts as of his sincere love for
you, which I sha’re to the largest extent, and
lot them bejt pledge of your devotion for me
and Russia.”
(Signed) ALEXANDER,
. Russian acconnts say that Nicholas passdd
the last hours of his life in the consolations
of religion. Having bid adieu to all the
members of his family, individually he said
to the Empress, “Tell your brother Fritz King
of Prussia, to adhere to Russia, and never for
get his father’s policy.” He then look leave
of Count Orloff, Dolgoronki, and Arlenburg,
also of some of the favorite grenadiers of the
house-hold and personal attendants,’ All ex
cept his family having retired, he asked the
Empress to repeat the Lord’s prayer. At the
wprds, "Thy will be done on -Earth as it is
in Heaven.” Nicholas responded fervently
“Always,” “Always,” Always.” Soon af
terward be added, “1 hope God! will open for
me hia arms." He then became partially in
sensible for (wo hours; at noon he said some
bing of Alexander and the ghrrison of Se
vastopol. A few minutes afterward he drew
a deep sigh, and expired. The body was
exposed, face uncovered, in the Chapel Ar
dente, until the 16th of March, when it was
buried with (he usual imperial solemnities.
Sevastopol.—The Allies have resumed
firing upon the town. The letters of March
1 explain the discrepancy between the French
and Russian accounts of the storming of the
redoubts, on the night ol February 23. Both
accounts were correct. The French did storm
and capture two Russian redoubts, but, finding
them not tenable, from the murderous fire
from the walled batteries of their enemies,
they blew up the redoubts, and retired with
the loss of 100 killed, and 300 wounded,
Fbbbvabs 27,—The dead were buried
during a truce of one hour.
Mabcii 2.—Advices from Balaklava report
sickness decreasing, and (lie weather clear
and frosty. Three miles of railway are now
iir operation. The rear otthe Allies is greatly
“ strengthened. Gen. Burgoyne, of the
Engineers, has led. He is succeeded by Gen.
Koner, "ho recommended, contrary to Na
pier’s advice, an attack on Cronstadl.
March 3.—The Russians are fortifying in
■ a formidable manner the valley of Inkermann.
They are also erecting mortar batteries at
Kamara to threaten Balaklava, and have sunk
two more ships in the harbbr of Sevastopol,
GREAT BRITAIN.
(Since the sailing of the Union the proceed
ings in Parliment have been unimportant.
The’ship James Chester, abandoned at sea,
was picked up by the mate and six of the
crew of the English ship Maraihop, and
brought safe into Liverpool.
The Committee of Inquiry into the slate of
tho Army before Sevastopol has been ten days
in session, and continues. The Earl of Lu
can, Colonel Kiniock, Commissariat Officer,
and J. MacDonald, Administratorof the Lon
don Times Fund, were examined. The evi
dence confirms the worst repurls of misman
agement.
Tho Patriotic Fund now exceeds one mill
ion pounds sterling.
The ship Great Republic had arri-ed at
London, but there was no dock there large
enough to admit her.
'"’The steamer Great Britain‘sailed from
Cork on the 13th, with seventeen hundred
and fifty men for the Crimea.
Kaunas to be a Slave State.
To the Editor of the N. Y. Tribune.
Siu - 1 see by ihe Tribune , of which I
am a constant reader, that you are sorely
exercised on ihe subject of “ Freedom or
Slavery in Kansas.” Now, mark my words
if you please. -,-,We shall beat you. We shall
firmly establish'Slavery in that Territory, be
cause it is for our interest to do so. And
what is more, we don’t care a d—n what the
Northern people may say. They may wince
but they must swallow the doso, We shall
not lake the trouble even to gild the pill. If
necessary, we can buy you up at any time.
Besides, the patbiots of the North are with
us—every one of them. One Augustus Cte
ser Dodge, one Harry Hibbard, one Touccy,
is worth ten dozens of the vermin who are
croaking against Slavery. Briefly, we shall
beat you. -The means.potent,to accomplish;
the end wjll be used. If necessary, we can
throw Scotch snuff into your eyes, and then
kick you all to out heart’s content. Huzza
for ’ , KANSAS.
P. S,—;l met Mr, Soule on the si reel yes
terday, opposite the State. Department,, He
looks well, but did not look up at Marcy’a
windows,, You know the proverb, “who goes
for wool sometimes returns shorn,” and with
out the yellow gloves end “shiny vest, also.
Bah! What do you say to that ?
Area's Chubby Pectokal is a most ex
cellent remedy /or Coughs and Colds, We
have had occasion ip try its.virtue Repeatedly,
during the ’imter just cloatS, and. always
found its unattended vyhh beneficial results,.
Those whir are’afllicted in this way, wifi do
well to try it*. It can bo had at almost any
of'the 0 tug Sl6tes,~HbWtdaj/B&urg Regie
ter, Pa. •
THE AGITAfoS.
M. H. COB’S, Bp ITt> R• £
• A * All Communications must
be addressed to the Editor teriniare attention.
- WELtSBOROnGH, PA. ~
Tlmrsday WdrHTug. April 8,71855.
REDUCTION IN. TERMS!!!!
The Publisher* o| the AGITATOR,
'respectfully inform (he Citizens
of Xloga'County that they will
famish the paper Hereafter, to
those who-pay ONE TEAR in'AjD
VANCE, at ONE DOLLAR.
O’ Mrs. Wilcox, teacher, of Penmanship* baa
commenced a second term with' flattering prospects.
O* The Mendelssohn Quartette Club, of Boston,
will give a Concert in this .village in ,a few days.
ltT u Pompey.S why is our particular' friend up
town like a young swordsman ?"
“Ki I masto, link 1 don’ know datT Hose he ali
us practice most on de-fence.”
- O* Mr. L. A. Sr A its has moved bis Shoe Shop t o
the new building lately occupied as a market, in the
rear of Bailey A Foley’s store, where he will be
happy to see his old customers and as many- new
'oncS'to may favor him with their patronage. •
O’ See C. Osmun’s new advertisement on third
page.
Also, Messrs. SriNcia A Tbohseon’s Card on
same page. AU business entrusted to their care will
receive prompt attention.
O’ A chap advertises in a city paper to teach in
six short lessons how to preserve one’s good humor
under trying circumstances. We advise tho Eagle
man to embrace tho opportunity thus beneficently
afforded, to improve himself in Ibis respect
The Doctrine of Sphere*.
One-half of the world thinks the other half Wan
dering like crazy planets “out of their spheres
and thus plausibility is given to (he common saying
that one-half of the raceia utterly ignorant how tho
other half subsists, or ol what is necessary to Us
subsistence. Each man and woman sits in judg
ment upon the abilities, inclinations and duties of
of those by whom they are immediately surrounded
—taking their own assumed characters as just crito
nous, aod praising or blaming as the characters of
others approach or recede from, their respective stan
dards. Consequently distortions of character are
seen where dodo exist, and excellences likewise.
A, prides himself upon being an excellent farmer.
To own a fine farm, and above all to so improve it
thsl it shall yield a large profit, is to him the best
evidence of human ability. Agriculture and its kin
dred sciences arc all hobbles that he especially likes
to ride. His neighbor, B, rides the same hobbies
essentially. A has a son of whom it is prophesied,
“he will tread in the steps of his father.” The la
ther is very proud of him, because all men, however
free from vanity, lovo to be imitated. It is no little
thing to be considered a pattern man or woman and
behpld the rising generation cutting their coats of
Usefulness slier one's own. B bos a son likewise,
who ornaments the palings and the barndoors with
sketches of men and animals done in tar and char
coal, or executes his mother’s portrait on the white
washed wall with a bit of red-ohalk, Therefore, B
is not proud of his son, for nobody prophesies that
he will walk in his father's footsteps. He contiuual
ly berates the boy for an idle, do-nalhlng fellow, end
holds up A’s son as a pattern boy who will bo rich
one of these days, and tfio fortunate proprietor of a
Urge and wen sioceca term. So A and li put their
heads together and conclude that something must
bo done with the lazy, picture-making boy, or his
ruin is inevitable.
Bat with all .vigilance, Bis unsuccessful* He
sends the boy to yoke the oxen which he does by
reversing their positions and putting the bows upper
most. He sends him to plow corn or potatoes and
is horrified in hour afterward to find the team qui
etly cropping'the tender crop, and the lazy boy ma
king a sketch of them on a bfoad, flat stoop with a
*bit of slate.' k ßis too blind to see the bent of the
lad’s mind, judges everybody by himself, and of
course looks upon the budding artist as a worthless
slick. The father docs not dream that there is any
other occupation than farming fit for a farmer’s son.
In other words, he is mortally fearful that his boy
will get out of He ephere.
At last Genius triumphs, as it ever must Ho
launches his bark on the troubled sea of adventur
ous life and gives Jbe'hclm to the God within him.
True to his intuitions, ho enters the haven of Suc
cess and finds himself famous.
The event in this instance proves, that the boy, so
far from trying to get out of his sphere, was only
obedient to (he law of development in his sphere.
Had the father understood mental science as well as
agriculture, he would have encouraged where he dis.
coursged. Water olways seeks a level, and talent
is obedient tu the same law. Thus, no man can oc
cupy any station other than that which nature in
endowing him, designates, with credit to himself or
honor to his country. True, a man, urged by for
eign influences, may devote his talent to preaching,
when the cast of bis talent indicates to the common
observer that ho should have practiced law. He
can never distinguish himkelf as a minister, though
he practice a lifetime. Ho does not move in that
sphere. Another may stand behind the counter and
measure off silks and laces, yel every easterner will
say unhesitatingly—“he is 100 awkward—he-should
go to plowing." That man will never succeed as a
salesman, but so far from being out of his sphere
he is only making a useless effort to got out, AM
this goes tu prove that man and women, though ap
parently out of their appropriate spheres of useful.
ness, are never bo really. The coward is still a
coward though ho bo loaded down with commissions
and tho special pleader is never more or less though,
ho declaim from Uie pulpit.
Were men and, women faithful to their inhibitions
there would be vastly less jarring of the machinery
of social life, than at present exists. But somehow
certain walks in life are sprinkled with the holy wa
ter of respectability above others. Law, from its
imaginary elevation looks down on (he bumble me
chanic.and sneers—"plebeian I” The worker looks
upon the professions as little belter than so many
refugee for those who are 100 lazy to work ; or, Hy
ing to the other extreme, as lh6 only avenues to re
spectability and honor. So, it be have a child a
little puny and sickly, he concludes (hat nature in
tended it for a doptor, lawyer or minister- Ho stud
ies law and proves a numbskull; or medicine and
slays his thousands; dr theology and succeeds re
markably well in leaching bis parishioners to sleep
in church. AH tins results front the vain effort fo
driVS the boy out of bis spheroT A,fow years would
have indicated hie fitness for, sopio branch of busi
ness, had the father watched him closely. But he ■
studied a foolish public opinion rather than the.
child’s character. > , '
Them is an infallible ■ guide by which every par
ent wfia observes at ail, may'raake a- wise choice
for his child. There arc some governing faculties,
that distinguish ever; mind even in childhood, Sv
ery rejuonable creature is "cut out” to attain a do-
-TIE JIO,QA. COUNTY AGITATOR.
«**•' "s.
ekccllence'fhlsome djrecllpri.
eraarid an born spheres rif Po
etry | Art and,Romance. riot 'thef-pame
nndVprofe«|ion» ? -fifot riot the j«ne T
. Why—everything is-subject to i&.Law ofcAdapt
cdness, to coin a phrase. If a man excels, ,at is suc
cess fUMnany .partienlarvpherfl'ofMfseftdtiriffli Ithr
pcooteflougU that he-i* i.workingv* n ' |njo£;
whicb'lroWasbdtn.'' fTlrio, good ’
shoemaker and a preacher he cannot be equal
ly good in both officcs-phe must pxcel. jn ono.be
caose the mind has some one dominant faculty that,
withjfoppdrlunrty for development, marks, ihe.man!
But'to hoer lho prslUe sbooi men rind’.woineri traps,
sending their spheres of action, one might be led to
imagine that there is no each a thing as Individual."
ity existing as a distinct principle of Mental opera
tion 1 . - . , . ,
How nicely nature has adapted .means'to ends in
every branch of her economy!. To the horse she
bos given a nervous and Tnuaculpr system of the
highest order of combination, arid a vital apparatus
of surpassing generative power. How slender rind
symmetrical the limbs,yef how cotnpacl the muscle
and how iron-like the sinews. Look el lhb'dissect
ed body and observe how broad the root of the mo
tor nervous fibors, and- how abundant the substance
held by physiologists to he the generatorof nervoos
'energy. Everything- Urat can contribute to blend
speed, strength and endurance with availability,
the horse, living or dissected exhibits in the greatest
perfection.
Thus, Nature teaches a plain, practical lesson,
whose import man does not mistake. She fitted the
ox of bone and brawn for purposes where strength,
rather than speed is required. The sheep with its
soft, warm fleece, that man may defy the narthwind.
.The goat for the hardy mountaineer, and so an thro'
the whole economy of nature we find the same nice
adaptation of means to ends.
Nor is man an exception to this 'rule, rep osilory
as be is of such varied talent. Each individual is
born into his or her sphere of usefulness, and there
must the labor of each be performed, either in (he
body or out of it. If each is made for a purpose,
(and none but the atheist will deny it,) each must
fulfil that mission somewhere. A knowledge of the
laws of mental operation is all-essential in • deter
mining our life-paths, and since we believe this, we
cannot agree fully with a "Friend of Mnsic” in an
other column that money expended in obtaining
such knowledge is expended foolishly.
A little reflection will wo think, convince most
reasonable minds that the popular notion respecting
spheres of action is a false one. For the sphere of
every individual must be determined by his or her
capacity. Fortune may help an inefficient man into
a position beyond his capacity, still he resides in a
lower sphere. The position is really just as far be
yond him os ever.
We shall return to this subject again.
A Trip out of Town. —On to-day week we cut
slid, and waiving rules, set our face northward de.
lermined to take a peep'at York Stato-and the “rest
of mankind.” Amused ourself “with grumbling
and hearing others grumble about the tiresomeness
of a journey of seventeen miles over a plank road,
in a snug coach propelled at a brisk rate by fonr
good horses. Grumbled, because it doesn’tlook very
enterprising to seem satisfied with six miles an hoar
in this fast age—suppose others did likewise. Ex
changed coach for . can at Tioga, and wore soon
whirling safely, if not swiftly, along the best rail
road wc ever travelled. Arrived at Corning, and
got into the sunshine of the welcoming smilo of
Maj. Field, of the Dickinson House, whom we
found overflowing with business, genial good bomor,
quips, quiddities and oddities—as usual. To those
who arc troubled with the “blues,” indigestion,(or
hypochondriacal ills of every kind, we say, tarry
with the Mojor for the space of a night and a day
and if ho can’t set you right, “throw physio to tho
dogs" and call in friend Thompson, tho Notary,
Well, wc must avow it Corning is a right down
smart place, as Sam Slick would say. Them is en
terprise there, and rightly directed. On Uio whole,
wo should rather like to live there if they would
only lay a regular Pennsylvania lax to make it seem
like home.
Called on Dr. Pratt, of tbe Journal, gal acquaint
ed in short meter, and pronounced him the owner of
one of the largest hearts in America, brimming with
humanilary feelings—yes, and running over.' Still
think so, and shall remember our acquaintance with
him with lusting pleasure.'-
The kindness of the estimable family in the midst
of which wo spent several plensah'l and profitable
hours on Friday, will be remembered so long as we
remember anything. Wo have placed that season
on the credit side of the Ledger of Life."
We shall remember our visit, and friendly recep
tion with gratitude. The testimonials of friendship
and interest so freely proffered by those of whose
friendship we may be truly proud, are laid away in
our heart-garner to sweeten whatever of bitterness
there may he in the future.
The Veto message. Gov. Pollock's
Message, returning the bill to Incorporate the Bank
of Pottstown with his objections, will be found in
another column. It is a manly exposition of his
views respecting banking privileges, and affords the
best evidence that the upright Judge is merged in
the Incorruptible Executive. There has been a host
of bank bills thrust before the Legislaiure the pres
ent session, and no fewer than eleven, passed on the
20th insh The Legislature, which is generally con
ceded to be the most incorruptible ever convened at
Harrisburg, seems to have gone crazy on the subject.
A majority oi the member! seem to labor under (lie
impression that banks create capital, when a mb
incut’s reflection must satisfy any reasonable mortal
that at moat they only concentrate it. They only
form tbe little squads of capital into compact'bodies
and, properly restricted, help to maintain the cirou
luling mcdium in equilibrium. Charters for banka
have been granted to tittle villages at cross roads in
thinly settled districts, where a bank is as necessary
as a filth wheel to a coach. Wellsboro’ might have
been blessed with one had Die good people only ad
vertised in season, and with a greater show of ne
cessity than in two-thirds of those places that sue.
ceeded in. their applications.
As banks da not create capital but only concen
trate it, and as every book is permitted to issue notes
exceeding its capital so that a fictitious capital ia
represented as a real one,- the result of this increase
of banks will be an undue inflation of the currency.
This inflation will resalt in disaster sooner or later.
Tbe repntalioa of our banks at home and abroad,
is nothing to brag .of now ; and the tendency, of
the recent batch of new banks js to still-further de
press their credit, We sincerely hope that the Gov
ernor will interpose the Executive veto between the
horde of hungry capitalists now besieging the Leg.
islaturo, and the, public interests. If he continue
firm in the position he occupies in the message' re
ferred to, all' will be well.
.t- , , -
Fir*! —Oar village waa ; alarmed by. lbo cry of
fire and the ringing of lha fire-bell at about'lo o’cl'k
on Sunday night; ' Thewindwas blowing a hatch
cane at (he (ime, and tfie utter impossibility otsuh
duing a fire under any headway, presented itself to.
every mind. The fire caught ra the .roof of Mr.J;
R. Bowen’* Storo and wu luckily diacovercd just
•» U h&st throng!! the roof, and promptly
,.o\ ~ "
|Ber wsni,^jfinything like a fire orgfaitjfJ
tion inhibit village isj not only unaccountable brit
shame ftil in tbec&lrenuL. If tire people areincapiw
ble of moving ia such an enterprise without being
'StirrtUf4tt3’‘by"jQ^>'gVeat''eatimTly^letit:Klsoaiu
anlil the flapesofsomo oonflagration have loosened
limit pufse,slangs,, . Musl .tliis proto, ihe case in
Wcilsrioro’)* ' ■
Wo triow of six-lnch cylinder englrie of
kindi which- wo thlplp can bepur
chased for 9400. its first cost was 9800. With
doublemnnncd'ancT aided By a hook arid
ladder Company, any cominon fire inavilk'golika
Ibis might bo perfectly controlfedi' There Ik con
stant danger of an.extensive firehere,’built,os the'
town is almost entirely of wood. Yet wereratiooal
men ever so apathetic asjare oor citizens? ■
. Cilizeps] calLa< mooting, immodinlely-ond
take measurlPtpi protect our propriety agaipat the
ravages of this terrible destructive agent.’ It is
never too soon to begia Who will move 'ip this
matter? .' *
Wo OnJersland . that thoro was an alarm of fire
up town early in the same evening. It was extin.
guisfaed without damage.
03* A correspondent in the Eagle is trying hard
to gets little notoriety by abusing Judge Willnot.
His mothershould take him home and read him the
admirable little fable of.the Dog and the Moon. It
hits admirably in bis case. It'might be well for'
him to study Mrs. Opie's. excellent treatise on .fib
bing, also. We think he would recognize himself
generally anywhere in the book.
The Soboolbastke Abroad.— The following rich
specimen of epistolary talent and orthography was
received by a friend during his winter school .term,
from one of tho directors of the school. As the said
director lives nut more than a hundred miles from
Wellsfioro, we would suggest that our excellent Co.
SupT take his 'case into consideration. Here is a
true copy of the document:
,"mr the sum that yon sahariet shal set
down or you will punish hir i sa she cant nor she
ncdenl try and you had orto halve more common
sence thin to think she can and i advise you as a
friend to not punish hir for any thing she cant do
and by su doing you ma save truble ifnot.oost,”
(signed)
We suppress names for obvious reasons.
Reported for the Agitator,
musical Convention.
A musical convention was held at Troy,
Bradford county, commencing on the 20ih
nil., end continuing until the 23d, under the
direction of Prof. VV. B. Bradbury of N, Y.
A large concourse of singers from Bradford,
Lycoming and Tioga counties were in at
tendance, and a general spirit of harmony
and good feeling seemed to prevade all ihe
exercises. A concert was held on Thursday
night Ihe 22d and another on Friday night
the 23d, tho attendance was large, and. the
performance highly satisfactory. Of these
musical conventions or festivals, as a means
of correcting errors and cultivating a finer
taste generally, and in devotional singing in
particular, we can not speak too highly. A
series of spirited resolutions was adopted by
ihe convention, among which are the follow
ing.:
Resolved , That as a means of elevating
the standard of vocal music among us, wo
moat heartily approve of these public gather
ings, having in view the more general diffu
sion of a knowledge o I the science of music,
which can only be accomplished by the aid of
competent instructors.
Resolved, That we extend our thanks to
Prof. W. B. Bradbury, for his timely and ef
ficient aid in correcting and improving the
practice of vocal music in our community ,
and particularly do we sympathize with him
in his efforts to harmonize congregational and
choir singing.
Resolvkd, That we tender oilr thank's to
the “Mendelssohn Quartette Club,” for their
presence at this time, as the beauty style ond
harmony of (heir performance has added
much to the interest of this convention.
By Ihe way, we lake pleasure in announ
cing that the “Mendlessohn Quartette Club"
will pay us a visit in a few days, and give a
public concert by invitation. Due notice will
be given of ihe lime and place. Having
wisely spent some six hundred dollars for lec
tures this'winler, and foolishly laid out two or
three hundred more for having our heads felt
of, we may certainly afford to pay twenty
five cents for an entertainment that shall gra
tify the taste, please the ear and inspire- the
soul. A Fkibno op Mcsio. '
The Ohio Know-Somethings,
From the Pilleburg Dully Gazette,
• Editobs Gazette : In answer to nume
rous inquiries from your State touching the
new Qrder of Know-somethings, iho Grand
Council has directed that the plajfrom of the
-Order, with certain explanations and direc
tions, he made public. The fundamental ob
ject of the. Order is, to induce “Sam" to
discard bis alliance with Slaveholders and
put his trust ia Freedom, to purge bis plat
form of proscription of , Protestant adopted
citizens,’and to make opposition to the despot
ism of Slavery as prominent as that to Pop
ery.
Will you please insert the above and the
following in the Daily and Weekly editions of
your paper? Sam’s Nephew. -
Platform of Principles of tho
Know Somethings.
Ist. Opposition to all forms of tyranny
over the mind and body of man.
2d. Neither Nature, nolr the Constitution
of our Couni ry, recognizes- tbe right of man
to property in man. •
3d. Principles and $ characler—not births
place—are the true standard of qualification
for citizenship, .
4th. No adherent of any Foreign power,
either political or. politico-ecclesiastic, should
Ineligible to naturalization.
bill. There should be neither Slavery nor,
involuntary servitude, except for (he punish*
/meat of crime, in any of the Territories, nor
should any more Sieve Stales be added to the
Union. . - -
! 6l(t- Candidates for political offices, should
'Bp men of'undoubled integrity and sobriety;
nh v d’known to be in favor of, resisting, by .all
lavyful and cbnstiiuiibnaj means," theaggress
ions of Popery and Slavery, 1 1 .
, 7ih. The people are lho’rightful sourceof
political power, and all officers should, as far
as practicable, be chosen by t direct Vote of
the People; 1 "
hella'
„
BE Of TltiEj oovericobT
sjsilhhia checiumt, the bill to In
‘vtite the. Bfqek oft Pottstown..
If
aa; Esßctmve Chamber, )
March, 23df 1855, J
fenaiit aiiii Pousi cjf reiehiaiitii ; ■'
“Ml
y. niEN'trjl: return to the
House of.Representalives, in*which it otigi
hatcd, Bill "No? 276 j eniiite'i i< Ati'Act aulHor
iziog ihe.iacbrp'ortaron of; the 1 Batfk'of Pults
.Jown,lVwuh>.iny* objections .to .the same.—
Should the .number of banks and the amount
of. banking capital in the Staid- beracfeased ?
and if bq', to what extent, what, local
ties^aretquestions that deserve andahould re
ceive ,a careful and candid consideration.; If
local and personal interests are .permitted, to
.determine, these questions, the answer will be
fo,uhd.in .the unpsual and extraordinary num
.Mr of' applications for bank charters now pen
ding the, Legislature, , .'
... Bui the numbqr.of) applications is np just
criterion byf.whiplj ,Ip determine either the
wishesor the wants of the community in this
regard. Their number, and the pertinacity
will} ’which they are presented, have startled
andolprined the public mind; nor has the fa
vorable action of the 'Legislature in, granting
these demands, served' ip allay, the apprehen
sions and fears thus excited. .The policy of
the past few years moy have been too severe
ly and unnecessarily restrictive; yet this pol
icy should. be preserved, rather than abandon
the Stale and the interest of her people, to
the'destruciiye influences of a wild and reck
less system of banks and banking. That
some increase of banking capital is necessary
in cerfaio localities within this Commonwealth,
will not be denied ; that a large increase is
not demanded, either by public sentiment, or
the public weal, is a truth equally undenia
ble. • In the creation of banks, a sound and
honest discrimination, as to number, locality,
and the demands of trade should be exer
cised.
Their npmber should be determined, more
by the actual wants of legitimate trade, than
by thewild fancies.of stock jobbers and, rosh
speculators. The sudden and unnecessary
expansion of the currency should be avoided j
and whatever lends to produce such a result
ought to be discountenanced, and if possible,
prevented. Tho history of banking, in out
own and other Stales, is full of useful lessons
on this subject. Experience should teach us
wisdom; and our present and future action,
in relation |o banks and banking, should be
regulated and controlled by her teachings.—
The advantages to be derived from an in
creased, number of banks, are more fancied
than real. It is*an error to suppose that an
increase of banking capital adgs. to the actual
capital of the State qr nation. jßanking capi
tal previously existing, rendered more efficient,
perhaps, but not more useful by such aggre
gation, and the special privileges conferred
by the act of incorporation.
Circulation is not capital, nor does it in
crease or represenUcapilal. As the represen
tative of credit, based upon the ability of the
bank to redeem its promises, it becomes, when
properly limited, a useful auxiliary to trade
and commerce—when unlimited and excess
ive, it not holy ceases to be useful, but be
comes dangerous and destructive to the finan
cial and industrial interests of the people.—
Without ap increase of banks, and the facil
ities they dfford, the commercial and industri
al interests; of the country would suffer no se
rious reverse. Inconvenience might be expe
rienced, and the more rapid, and Tor that rea
son, the more dangerous progress of business
arrested. But this is preferable to the con
comitant evils of an inflated currency ; over
trading, rash speculation, and a depreciated
currency, always terminating in bankruptcy
and ruin. That such would be the result, if
the numerous banks now before the Legisla
ture should be chartered, cannot be seriously
doubled’ Personal and private interests may
magnify the importance and necessity of in
corporating these banks, but no considera
tions of public policy or interest could justify
their creation. Such financial, policy would
be nothing less than financial madness and
folly.
In population, wealh, trade and commerce,
our progress during the past ten years has
been rapid and unprecedented. Our mining,
manufacturing and in duslrial interests have
been largely and permanently developed, and
are now in progress of more ample develop.
Dient; and yet during this period, the ad
ditions to our banking capital have been al
most nominal, hearing no appreciable propor
tion to the immense increase of the great in*
terests' already enumerated. These facts
demonstrate and establish tbe truth, that al
though banking facilities may and do aid the
business of a country, their increase is not
indispensably necessary to its progress and
rapid development.
But greater facilities might secure greater
results, and therefore it is freely admitted,
that although such facilities arc not’ absolute
ly necessary, yet they are important, and as
aids to legitimate business, under proper lim.
nations and restrictions, should be afforded.
A moderate rale and reasonable increase of
banking capital, judiciously distributed, might
be useful to tho increased and inqreasing
trade and commerce of the State; but under
no circumstances can an extravagant and un
necessary increase be justified or. defended.
Local and personal considerations may secure
the passage of numerous acts incorporating
banks, hot demanded by the business wants
of the community, but such legislation cannot
be sanctioned by public policy or sustained
by public sentiment.
The financial and commercial embarrass
ment from which Ihe country is, now slowly
rpcpvering,. requires cautious and prudent
.legislation, and demands, that the actual and
real wants of. business should be regarded,
and the true interests of iho people consulted.
A sudden and excessive inflation of the_ cur
rency by the creation of numerous banks,
might miligald add temporarily remove ihe
evils ire now suffer, but in the end, would
reproduce add, aggravate them. The remedy
is more to he drepded man the. disease, and
its consequences' often limes more' fatal apd
destructive. *, ~,
, Bank accotbodatiOns are, and ever must
'bo,.an Increase and unreliable basis .of legit
imate business. When every jhing is pros
perous and ippney abundant,,accommodations
are fr ely proffered and loans easily secured.
In a meonetary crisis, and id iho.hourof great.
esl need, thp'borrOwet fiddrhis accommoda
lions withheld—hia-papet;-,xejecledi and bis
creditotythft.bank, demjCdiogpaymem of hia
liabilities. The bpokpilhselWefeifce, in sea.
sons of prdtMre, «n?compelled thus -to act
to prevent suspension tmdlheir owri ruin, b
this lifejlh'S debtor must fiVat fall
public and privateinteresis suffer and a gen’
eralderangtmpnlof .JtPWeW jftnd.tho curren
cy, inevitably follpfe,,.-! ~.y '
AB AvWnedy’for ?!hard iinjeal’.andas reg.
ulalors of banks have, signally
[ al 3 . w 'lw»ulate4By,sfein .of revenue
by the Natipnal Government, protecting na.
tional industry,. and encouraging jhn enter
prise of the Ameticaa people, restraining the
& now.ruinouslylarge importation*
of foreigh products .and.raerchamW secu
ring the couhtry against .the. exhausting drain
of the prectops metals, gold and silver, io pav
for products manufactured abroad which we
should and 1 epufd and cheaper at
home,—such ajsyatem is p belter regulator
of the currency, aqd p ipore pertain remedy
for .financial distress and commercial evils
t h arra Hi he; barn kSoft h is or .othoy States’
thajl Sre'-noW pr rimy ije established iby jegis-
Ifttive enactment. These'principles require no
elaboiation. Their truth iwgenerally admitted-
Their application to particnlar cases presents
a question of more difficult determination, ,
Discriminations may bO'odidiis; but ih view of
the action of the Legislature, on the subject
of the incorporation of. new banka, they be
come important aqd necessary.. In the dis
charge of my official duly in the, premises, [
may err in judgment, but will shrink from no
responsibility.
■ Having, on the day of my induction into
office, declared that “I would sot refuse to
sanction the incorporation of new banks, when
indispensably necessary, and clearly deman
ded by the actual business wants and inter
ests of the community in which! they may be
located,” the question now presents itself, is
the bank proposed to be established by this
bill, necessary and clearly demanded by the
actual business wants and interests of that
community 1 In determining this question,
the locality itself—its existing banking facil
ities—its proximity to other banks, and to
the great marts of trade—the means of com
munication—the amount, value and charac
ter of its trade and business, and other atten
dant circumstances, should be considered.—
Prom a careful examioaton of all these, and
with proper reference to private and public
interests I cannot discover the necessity that
requires, or the wapts or interests of the com
munity. that clearly demand, the creation of
this bank.
Feelings of regard for those who desire the
passage of this bill would prompt its appro
val. Considerations of public interest, and
the.stern demands of official duty, require
me to withhold my signature.
JAMES POLLOCK.
Pennsylvania Legislature.
Saturday, March 24, 1855.
Senate amendments to the supplement to
the Cash Mutual lire insurance company,
were taken up and concurred in, as follows;
—Yeas 33, nays 29. '
Houss — REPORTS OP COMMITTEES.
Mr. Chamberlin, (Judiciary,) reported a
bill relative to proceedings of landlords, leasers
and purchasers at coroners’ and sheriffs’
sales, &e.
Mr. Avery, (Corporations,) a supplement
to the charter of the Honesdale water com
pany.
Mr. Baldwin, (same) a bill to incorporate
the Quaker City fire and marine insurance
company ; also, a bill to reduce and regulate
the tolls on the Spruce. Creek and Philltps
burg turnpike road j also a bill to incorpor
ate the American academy of music; also, a
supplement to ihe charter-of the White Deer
bridge company ; also, a bill to incorporate
the Union. Hall association, of Middletown :
also, a bill to incorporate the East Liberty
mutual fire insurance company ; also, a sup
plement to the charter of Ihe Upper Lehigh
navigation company ; also, a bill relating to
corporations.
Mr. Krepps, (New Counties,-) with a Peg
alive recommendation, a bill to erect the new
county of Monongnhela.
Mr. King, (same) a bill to erect Tionesla
county out. of parts of Venango and Cla
rion.
BILLS IN PLACE.
Mr. Muse, to increase the' revenue of the
Slate and equalize taxatibn ; also a supple
ment to'the charter of the. Chanters Valley
railroad company.
Air. Alengle, a bill to authorize justices of
the peace to grant letters of administration ;
also, a bill relative to old bank notes.
Mr. Sallade, for the more effectual protec
tion of game,
Mr. -Holcomb, to authorize a • public road
along-the valley of Carbon creek,- Bradford
county.
Mr. Pennypacker, for the-better- protec
tion of life in factories and schools in case of
fire.
Mr. Reese, (o authorize (he appointment of
commissioners to lake acknowledgment of
deeds and instruments of writing' under
seali *.
Mr. Wood, a suppliraenl to the act of 29ih
April, 1844, to reduce the Slate debt, and
incorporate the Pennsylvania railroad and
canal company.
Mr, Baldwin, a supplement to the charter
of (he Weilshorough cemetery company;
also,- et-bitl to regulate the .fee bill of aider
men and justices of (he peace.
Monoat, March 26.
PETITIONS, •& C., FBESSNTED.
Mr, Lane, a petition of fifty-five citizens
of Butler county, for a new county to.be
called Buffalo; also, one from sixty citizens of
Butler county, for a repeal of the charter of
the Butler and Freeport turnpike road com
pany ; also, one from thirty,!wo citizens of
Armstrong county, for a repeal of the school
Jaw so far as relates to superintendent; also,
one from citizens of Clarion and- Armstrong
counties, for a State road from, the town of
Clarion to the mouth of, Mahoning, Arm
strong county. ~
Mr. Holcomb, two from citizens of Towan
da and vicinity,, iq 'Bradford county, asking
for an appropriation to repair the Towandm
bridge, , . • • . ■
Mr. Ballade, two, from citizens qf Berks
bounty, for tho repeal of the law creating