t--"l1 ' ' **iii ‘ i)
i r -------
al) \'•) .). ' \ 11\\Y"%t )-) 'l,,•* - 1 ,-,Qiill 1 4\.(,.; t.„. 1 . ~,,,, j -L a s i,
~,,,\"
,-r - 1 . P -ii, A[il 11 * 1 tittL 1 ( '-4 r - A1 i(! La - T,Lk(t.P,ll(i.i,i,tr
•
killttlitg Aournat---Peboo In Volitics, cbgrittitturt, fittrature, iortign, gionotic anb Otneral 'filitiligtitet,
ESTABLISHED IN 1813.
THE WAYNESBURG MESSENGER
PUBLISHED BY
R. Ws JONES AND JAS. S. JENNINGS.
Waynesburg, Greene County, Pa.
ETINrFICE NEARLY OPPOSITE THE
PUBLIC mitt AttE...,42
Ut 1,71 it
finascatr-rtott.—t62.oo in advance ; .!2.25 at the ex
lairatios of six months; $2.50 after the expiration of
the year.
AIIfISEMSNTS inserted at 51.50 per vinare for
*wee insertions, and 50 eta. a square rm each addition
al insertion; (ten lines or less counted .a square.)
fur e fifierxl deduction made to yearly advertisers.
irrJos retail so, of all kinds, executed in the best
style. and on reasonable terms, at the "Messenger'
Job °Mee.
natutsburg '3usittess Garbs.
ATTORNEYS.
•.•. !ORMAN
PTIRMAN & RITCHIE.
ArrORNEYs_ AND coyNstA,Loßs AT LAW
Waynesburg, Pa.
prOFFteu— Main Street, one door east of
the old 'Bulk Building.
17 - L ii, C re ene, Washington, and Fay
ens Counties, entrusted to them, trill receive tannin
attention.
N. B —Panko w . attention w ill be given to the col
idoegion of P en sions, Bounty Money. Back Pay, and
ether claims against the Govern:rent.
Sept. 11,1861-Iv. •
R. ♦. lICCONNELL. J. J. 111.FFMAN.
lIVCONNELL dt. IT '3V
/770RJrX.E.5 .AND C O UNSELLORS 47' LAW
Waynesburg, Pa.
EirruEer in the "Wright 1k , se," East Dm.r.
lealleetions, &r., will receive prompt attention.
Waynesburg, April 23, 1862 —I y.
DAVID CR A W FORD,
Attorney and Counsellor at Low. Office in the
Conn House. Wilt attend prninittly to all business
entrusted to his care •
Waynesburg. Pa., in Iv 10. ly.
C. ►.III4CK. JOIAN PHELAN..
BLACK k PHELAN,
ATTORNEYS ANII cOUNSEMORS IT I.IW
Office in the. Conn louse, Wayne:burg.
Sept. 11,1861
SOLDIERS' WAR CLAMS!
D• R. P. HUSS,
ATToRNEV AT LAW, W PENNA.,
HAS received from the War Department at vv„s„-
legion city. D. C., odici,l colors of the SrVeral
laws passed 'ey Congress, and all the necessary Forme
and Instructions Hr the prosecution and rolle , tioll of
PENSIONS, BOUNTY. BACK I'AY. doe dis
charged and disabled gol ,1 les s. their widows, ordmin
children, widowed mothers, fathers. sisters and broth
ers, which business, in pan doe limb el Will be :Men:'.
edio promptly and accitrately if ehtrusted to ':is care
Office, No. 2, Campbells Bore.—April N, {663.
- -
PHYSICXANS
Dr. T. W. Ross,
agy~giciaaa de Siurg•ocy23,
IVaynesbury, Greene. Ce., Pct.
OFFICE AND RESIDENCE ON MAIN STREET,
east, and nearly opposile Lite Wiiglit
Wa)neslueg, Sept. .2.3. 1863.
DR. A• G. CROSS
W)AID very respect fully lender HIS Rervires as
PHYSICIAN AND Sniff:EON, to the people 01
Waynesburg and vicinity. Ile hopes by a due appre
eiatton of human life and health, and strut attention to
business, to merit a share of pnhlie patronage.
Waynesburg. January 8, I 8112.
MERCHANTS
WM. A. PORTER,
Wholesale and Retail Denlet in Fotrig,n and Ponies
Dry Gonda. Groceries, Notions, &c., Main street.
OW. 11.1861-Iv.
NIINOII Sr. Co.,
Tinnier'', in Foreign and ',nines-fir Dry Good'', nr,,
Mies, Queensware, andltlllll,4,
uppoaitc
libe G r een 11011S1!. Mair. street.
Sept. 11, 1861—ly,
_ , .
BOOT AND SHOE DEALERS
J. D. CO'(RAY,
Boot and Shoe maker. Main street, nearly opposite
•=rormer's and Drover's Rank." Every style of
and Shoes constantly on hand or made to order.
gept. 11, 1861—Iy.
. .
GROOERIES & VABIETIES
JOIIN MUNNELL,
Dealer in Groceries an Confei-tionaries. and Variety
Goods Generally, Wilson's Ntw Building, Main street.
Itept 11.
WATCHES AND JEWELRY
S. M. BA.ILY,
main street, opposim the Wright Rouse keeps
♦brays on hand a large mot elegant assortment or
Watches and Jewelry.
U7Repairins of Clocks, Watches and Jewelry wil
i,rajYe prompt attention 15. ISSI—ly
BOONS , &c.
LEWIS DAY,
rikaler in Schaal and Nliseell,nanns flanks., Station
:Milt, Ink, Ala(' minesand Papers; One door ei
Porter's Store, Main Streit. f I 15z..1
•
SADDLES AND HARNESS.
SANILIEL WALLISTER,
. Saddle, ilarnsaa and Thank Maker. cid Ban%
DC Main street.
Sept. 11. 11461-1-•
'BANK.
FAMERS' & DROVERS' BANK,
Waynesburg. Pa.
f C. A. BLACK, Pres't. J. LAZEAR,
DIBCOVNT DAY..
WEDNESDAY
Peot. 11; ISBI-le.
cy, • , , •
• anong,
BMW/ MAIL) HACK
/WINNING REGULARLY SETS:ERN
11111SEG AID lIILIS'IIIIIIIG.
7i7s undersigned respect fn lly informs the generous
rebric, that having the rentract for the carrying r f the
Stall between the above poirts, lie tae placed up .n the
invite two new and commodious flacks for the ac
letimmodation of the traviiltng. One wit
011111. the Adam's House, Waynesburg. e v e ry morn .
leg, Sundays except...l, at 7/ o'clock, and will arrive
/*Nome Leading in time for the Routo Pittsburgh,
dm ether will leave Rices' Landing at the same time
rd helve iii Waynesburg at noon. No pains will be
Arparad fur . the accommodation of passengers,
TIMOTIfY 1.10 UG ER. Proprietor.
twain 7t10,, MI. No. 9.
• - WAYNE,BUNG STEAM MILL.
if
..,..11.10GEROI respectfully inform his friends and
lies pqbtic that he has leased the NEW STEAM
la •,- -a , ire yierdinnr. Pa., where t e will always be
so accommodate all who may call on she
Sirgreltiotlea. Grinding done en the same terms as
N1,.,4 .
015... 'LOGE and FEED kept roustantly
u Ordove for either can an left al the Milinrat
Testoesstens. Glam. VT, ISO
Acted Pletrz
Building upon the Sands.
'Tis well to woo, :Lis well to wed,
For so the world has done.
Since myrtles grew, and roses blow,
And morning brought the sun.
But have a care, ye young and fair,
Be sure ye pledge with truth ;
Be certain that your love will wear
Beyond the days of youth.
For if you give not heart for heart,
As welLas hand for hand,
You'll find you've played the unwise part,
And built upon the sand.
'Tis well to save, 'tis well to have
A goodly store of gold,
And hold enough of shining stuff,
For charity is cold.
But place not all your hoi.es and trust
In what the deep mines bring ;
We cannot live on yellow dust,
Unmixed with purer things.
And he who piles up wealth alone.
Will often have to stand
Beside his coffer-chest and own
'Ti:; built upon the sand.
.1 0. RITCIIIII
'Tis good to speak in kindly guise,
And soothe wilate . er we can ;
For speech should bind the human mind,
And love link ludo to man.
But stay not at gentle words,
Let deeds with language dwell,
The one who pities starving birds
Should scatter crumbs as well,
The mercy that's warm and true,
Must lend a helping hand,
For those who talk, yet tail to do,
But build upon the sand.
pi,,r,ell . 4lll,trato.
PETRO E
Its History-- Origin—Location—Uses
Abundant Supply—Future Prospect
of the branch of Trade.
PETRoLEum, CI: ROCK OIL
Has recently become an article of
great commercial value, its admirable
adoption to subserve the wants of the
present generation, is such as to ren
der any information relative to its Ori
gin. Locolities, or abundant resource, a
matter of very general interest.
Was it known to the ancients
Some expressions found in the early
Revelation, lead us tc iuf a. that rock
oil was known to the Jews in the wil
derness. In Dent. 32:13, we have the
tbilowing expreFslon, "And he made
him [his chosen] to suck honey out of
the rock, and od out of the flinty rock."
We may notice an expression in Job
29:6, to the same import : "The rock
pour d me out rivers of oil." Persia
has been a noted locality of the rock oil
for centuries. There are springs of
Petroleum near the Caspian Sea which
supply the inhabitants with fuel and
light, "the vapor is made to pass
through earthen tubes and is enflamed
as it passes out and used in cooking."
The wells have been pumped for 200
years. Large quantities are produced
from wells in the Birman Empire.—
The most important wells are near
Procne. Some English merchants are
now engaged in this trade, and three
or four ship loads have been sent to
England. "At Rangoon, on one of
the branches of the Irawaddy
there are upwards of 500 naptha and
petroleum wells which afford 412,000
hogsheads per year. In the Peninsula
of Apcherou, on the western shore of
the Caspian, naptha rises through a
un soil in vapor, and is collected by
sinking pits several yards in depth,
into which the naptha flows. Near
Amiano in the State of Parma, there is
an abundant spring, which is used for
illuminating the city Oenon."—Dmia.
There are other eastern localities,
but their products are somewhat limited.
On the Weston Continent, in our own
land there are found the most extended
springs and wells. Our localities are
numerous, near Scettville, Ky., on Oil
Creek, on the tributaries of the Little
Kanawha, there are noted wells; also,
on the Ohio, or small tributaries flaw
ing into the Ohio, near Marietta ; on
Duck Creek, near the Muskingum
above MeConnelsville, on Wolf Creek,
Federal Creek and Sunday Creek, and
at many other places to numerous here
to describe, oil is found more or less
abundantly.
A correct answer to this query will
decide it to be a product of great an
tiquity. The oil found in the carbonac
eous and Diooean systems is said to be
of vegetable origin ; that wbioh lies
under the old Red Sand Stone, is con
jectured to be an animal product, such
as is found in Canada. The vegetable
naptha or petroleum, is usually called a
coal F roduct,arising from the central fires,
operating on the masses of coal forma
tion. This theory may be correct, still,
there are facts not easily explained on
this hypathesis alone. Its elements,
(being composed of carbon 82,2,1fidr0:
ITS I ILSTO
ORIGIN OF PETROLEnt
WAYNESBURG, GREENE COUNTY, PA., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY'II, 1865.
gen 14,8,) go to identify it as 1, coal and extent must answer for the present.
product, but its proper location in the Oil springs had been known for many
earth's crust, leads others to doubt the years, and oil had been collected in
entire correctness of the theory. If it • email quantities, principally for medicin
be a coal product, why not found in all al parposes; but not tha r il 18.59 was oil
coal fields, and in the midst ofthe coal? obtained by sinking wells for that spe-
Sulphur is found united with bitumin- eial object. It was soon discovered
uous coal, and it impregnates the water that immense fountains were ready to
which passes throe* its layers. Why supply the increasin g demands of the
not the same with the oil ? In boring present generation. Immense sums of
through coal veins at great deptir, no money were soon invested in oil tern
oil shows itself on the pumping? Wily tory, and a new business sprung into be
is the original locality of the oil beneath • ing. That whole region is now fae,t
the coal ? I admit that it is finuid in ' niiiLJ up with an enterprising and
the earbonac otis system, but it is cvi- wealthy class of citizens, and Orr. CREEK,
dentfy forced into that position by gas, tie. ugh "little," is the . not) dof Atneri
trough deep crevices, and would nev- eae waters.
er rise except by the upward pressure 2. Weereas VIRGINIA.—In the fall
of gas, formed by heat at the under env • and winter of 1860-1, this region began I
thee of the oil. The gas seems to be to be known as an oil land. On Huses
the volatile parts of the oil, and is a river oil had been collected by excava
sure diagnostic of the proximity of the tions and washings for some years, but
oil itself , A moment's reflection will the amout thus obtained was insignifi
convieee any one of this feet. c mt. Some years previous to 1860, a
Though it may be true that a p . orlion salt well was sunk at the mouth of
of this oil may originate in the coal for- Burning Spring Run, on the 'Little
mations, still I am of the opinion that KaietwiTa," in which oil was found.—
This being known to a gentleman from
it is principally a product of the Wu
nil/data shale exposed to internal heat of Oil creek, it was leased by him, together
the earth. and in the following manner with a bilge territory on the Kanawha.
_the central fire ender tl:e primitive This well, the first pumped in that re
rocks, nature's alembic, containing bit- gime was on the farm owned by John
uminous shale, and other oil producing nal bone. A noted well of oil was
substances, by its gentle heat, cowmen- soon after obtained, within one-half
ces the process of gradual mile of the first on the farm of Cass
the oil crudations passing into large Rathbone. The excitement now be
. openings and seams, made by central came general and very great.
Wit V Uhl; o",. 4.111 Th.UPnc. to thof
persons of all classes and professions
under surface being exposed to the
greater heat, becomes lighter and more rum infinitely beyond its capacity for
gaseous; and this by its elastic power entertainment, much suffering and pri
forces its way upward, and occupies the vation were the result of the movement. '
upper portion of the crevices. When burning Spring Run, (so called from its
these seams reach the surface, the gas eras springs) soon became the centre of
escapes, and the more open the seams the excitement. The desire of obtain
the heavier will be the oil when found. ing boring territory soon became so
Hence the origin of our gas fountain, great that large bounties were dew= l
and of oils of different specific gravi- ed wad paid. At first $l,OOO pe. acre,
ties. In some places the gas 'threes the and one-third of the oil, were the eon
oil through vertical or oblique crevices, elitious ; afterwards; $2,000 per acre,
to horizontal layers which crop out near awl one-third of the oil in iron-bound
the base of hills. Passing through barrel; were demanded an .1 given.
' narrow scams it finds its way to the. It fell to the lot of the writer of these
sartlice ; having in its passeege parted lines to be in that excitement from Dec.
with its volatile particles, it is collected 1860 to the commencement of the war.
for lubricating oil. In this mariner He speaks therefore from positive
may be explained the phenomena of • knowledge. The amount of oil thrown
oils differing widely in speedi qeanti- out by tire Lewellen well, was such as
ties, though issuing from wells separated to produce the impression that the sur
by a few feet only. face included within a radius of one
Taking this view of the origin of oil, mile front that well as the centre, coa
-1 conclude that oil began to be distilled Vaned the oil centre of the world. Men
soon after the oil producing substances ran wild with speculation and the de
were deposited, and that its formation sire to sink wells within that limited lo
is still progressing, that its true locality cality, was boundless. A villiage
is principally very deep, anti that it is sprung up in one month, and as the
brought within the reach of man through season progressed towards spring, it
the agency of heat, rendering gaseous was calculated that over two thousand
a portion of its substance, which di ive, persons would be located on the ground
it upward. It mtv be asked if this nefbre Jane. The war broke out, some
view be correct, wI y are .t these oil lof the wails failed, and the oil prospects
: e
arteries ignited by volcanoes? I replys were in ruins befbre the first of May.
this catastrophe is prevented by the Thu boring and prospecting were not
immense thickness of the primitive confined to that vicinity, but extended
rocks which intervene: This will ap- for more than twenty miles in nearly
pear evident on a moment's reflection, every quarter. The upheavel of the
This theory of the formation of tl - e rock strata, were very imperfectly traced
oil is by no means invalidated, by taking towards the Ohio river, some miles
into view its surface localities. It is above Marietta. From the commence
not found near volcanic mountains, nor ment of the war to last. February there
'in countries whose surface is covered has been but little excitement in that
with primitive rock. Two reasons may region relative to the oil speculation.
be give a why it is seldom found in the Since that date, and during the past
bank or under the surface of large bod- summer and fall the excitement has
ics of water, there cannot be deep ere- been carried toward the Ohio river, near
vices commanicating with the waters, Marietta, on the Virginia side, produc
without resulting in forcing back to ed by striking a large flowing oil well
great depths the oil and gas. In some on the Horse Neck Run. It is not
cases the oil may be found in such lo_ within the province of this brief notice
calities, but it is forced there through to enter into any minute description of
oblique fissures, having their origin this portion of the Western Virginia-oil
more inland. The pressure of large region, but shall hasten to sketch the
masses , of water must force the oil and 3 X
gas into the vicinity of smaller streams, 3. DUCK Curer,?:.—Soon after the dis
and into regions noted for their uphcav- , corery of oil in Venango Co., Pa
' op
als and subsidences. erations were commenced on Duck
The oil is generally found in a loose treek. An old salt well where oil was
blue sand rock, so perfectly saturated found while boring, was cleaned out and
with petroleum, as to cause it to burn pumped with some success. Leasing
like coal, when submitted to a high d e _ soon commenced and numerous wells
were sunk with seine success. The oil
gree of heat. From this circumstance.
this rock is called the "oil rock ; " as if was first found at the depth of 80 to 90
and 120 feet, since that time the pump
the oil originated in the. rock, and was
produced tiom its substance; or, if not, ing wells arc over 204) feet deep. Dur
ing the first .excitmeut nearly all the land
why is it found so impregnated with
the oil The reason will appear when for fifteen or twenty miles along the
certain facts are known. creek was leased. The work extended
Ist This rock being loose and poi-' to Olive Green and Meigs creek ; but on
oas, aces like a sponge in absorbing those streams their operations were not
the oil that reaches it, until it is satinet-
necesiful. After the commencement of
ted. The remainder must seek sonic the war, the price of oil not justifying op:
c h anne l th r o ug h w hee l to miss onwar d. eratnes, time wells were mostly atm
doned, and nothing further was accom
-2tl On Sunday creek where this rock
plished worthy of note till the late re
itis.exposed and can be fully examined,
will seem to be seamed and opened rival commenced. about nine months
I
in every direction. At the spring since. The work then began anew, and
have stood for hours gazing at the oil asis now progressing with interest. In
it streamed through these crevices, b e _ the vicinity of Macksburg a well has
been sunk, which has produced a con
ing fully persuaded that this rock was
siderahle excitement, from the fact that
simply the channel of outlet to the deep
tountaius of Reptile. , it establiehed the truth of the. existenee•
of deep oil. Visiting this well in Oct
last, I obtained from one of the propri
etors the following items relative to the
well." "The well is 830 feet deep,
fbseil rock under the surface 21 feet.—
First small vein of salt 281 feet, sec md
vein 500 feet, conglomerate rack over
one hundred feet thick, in the middle of
which, 660 feet below the surface struck.
the first vein of oil. Under the eon.
glomerate, in a blue sand rock, at the
depth of 800 feet struck our last vein of
oil. When pumped it produced at the
rate of one barrel in five minutes."
Besides proving the existence of deep
oil, this welt estahlishes the following
oonolusions:, First, Oil is found at the
depth of more than 150 feet below the
fossil rook, which some hove . denied.—
Second, That the locality of the origiatl
oil deposit is below the salt water.—
In addition to what I have stated on
this head in my historic sketch, allow
me to enter now into detail relative to
some American localities, and under
this division to give some account of
the oil excitement of the last,five years.
I shall notice some of the principal lo
calities only. These I shall describe un
der seven heads, comprising as many
distinct oil regions, viz : 1. Oil creek;
2. Western 'Virginia; 3. Duck creek; 4.
Wolf creek; Federal creek: 6. Mus
kingum, or McConnellsville; 7. Sunday
creek.
1. Om CREEK.—This territory is so
well known and o is being so fully devel
oped that a lengthy notice of it would
not suit the intention of thn article. A.
mere glance at the
& locality, discovery
LCCALITIE
( Third, That the deepest vein of oil on ! very great depths. There is much gas
Duck Creek is in the Dermian System, ; in this locality, and abundance of shal
-1 the same as on oil creek. These points low oil, as also every possible indication
j are of great moment to the oililterests of the existence of immense fountains of '
lin this country, and should be carefully deep oil. On this field there are now at
noted by those engaged iu the great o 1 work five engines and there will soon be
( enterprise now le
iprogeess. eight additional engines. Three deep
4 4. Mask 'vale ee p eiceonne/seete.—Tray- wells are now being sunk on this branch
) cling westward from Duck Creek about (Sharp Fork) of Federal Creek. Oil is
e 2 miles, we enter the McCouuelsville found on all the various branches of this
oil region, which has in it some points stream, and there is every indication that
iof interest, demanding at least, a passing this division , f the western oil field, will
netiee• The oil is found at an elevation soon open up into one of the first macr
o
of some thirtee fiat above the surface of nitude. Experienced judges of oil ter
-1
the water of the Muskinenun. Its posi- ritory have: decided in its favor, and '
1 e
tion under the fossil reek is the same as large inceetinents are being made in it
ion Duck Creek, and the various strata by Eastern capitalists. The excitement
of rock are identical, none but surface haelPrun so high that nearly all the ter
, oil has yet been obtained. No deep ritory has been secured, so that in a few
wells have yet been sunk for the pur- weeks not a foot of good territory will
pose of obtaining oil. Many wells, in be within the reach of those pressing
j former times were boated for salt; and in f'rom the E intern cities. 4 4
judging from their depth, the oil, when 7. Sanday Creek.—This field is rather
obtained in large quantities, must_ be new, and to the present time but little
drawn from distances varying from eight known to the "oil public." A more mi
to twelve hundred feet deep. The lands mite description will, therefore, be ne
t about McConnelsville, and for miles up cessary. Being Very familiar with its
and down the river and inland, have been history, its various features, extent and
• secured for oil purposes, and, at no very advantages, those looking for oil territo
[ distant period the value of this territory ivy will be the more interested. This
! will be fully known. This is a region of , territory is noted, in this county, for its
' abundant gas, and has no discouraging extended oil springs, being the most
feature except the existenceof numerous abundant natural flow of oil in the State,
sal„ wells without oil. ' and, perhaps in the United States.-
5. Wo/f Creek.—About five miles These fountains, being the great centre
west of MtConnelsville we enter the oil of attraction to those prospecting through
territory of Wolf Creek. At the mouth this oil region and Of fOarg i N i miti6li
she' ale Id
a.,at ~,,,, a _
the branch of Wolf Creek (which heads lands for sale, a sketch of their discovery,
in with the oil field on Sunday Creek,) history locality, and Geological feature
most of the oil in that region has heen will be in place.
obtained.
! 1. Their Discovery aol History. —llela-
One well on the Baldwin place has tive to their discovery allow ide to give
yielded about 7,000 barrels of excellent the facts as stated to me by an old hun
oil. Others have produced a smaller ter, one of the first settlers of the country,
amount; still the indications are favora- (Josiah True.) In 1799 he came to Sun
ble, and, but little doubt can be enter- day Creek, then an unbroken wilderness,
tamed as to the value of this oil region, whose only tenants were wild beasts and
w he n fully developed. The oil Teed, or Indians. Soon atter his arrival it was
belt seems to bear to the north-west; in his practice in the fall of the yeas to
consequence of which the lands on the camp out on the East branch of the
ran have been secured at high priced.— stream, for the sake of hunting, that
Very few trams can be found, which being regarded the best ground Why
have not been recently leased, or pur- it was the great haunt, soon appeal e I.
chated. Indeed, this ma y b e said of Paths made by wild animals, were seen
nearly all of upper Wolf Creek. It is leading into some of the deep ravines.—
not my purpose to give a lengthy de- On examination he found that they ter
seription of this territory: butt I have ill- mutated at oil springs. In one of his
troduced it, that the reader may not excursions, a bear was found at one of '
loose sight of the extent and intimate the springs and killed. In its stomach
connection of the parts of the great Wes- oil was discovered; and its liver which .
tern Bituminous and oil basin. Another had b een partial d eca y e d, appeare d
reason can be urged, which I deem of new and fresh. 1 his hint of animal in
great importance to all interested in oil stinct suggested to the mind of the bun
territory in the existence of a deep oil ter its medicinal virtue. A person, se
well. The great desideratum with us in verely afflicted with an affection of the
these unexplored oil regions is the exis- liver, was soon made an inmate of his
tence or non-existence of "deep oil.''— rude tent. After a free use of the oil
Are we is the weste n out ceoplngs of for some weeks he was restored to his
what is deep oil in other territory, or usual health. Years after this event, the
are there immense fountains of it fir sante happy effect was produced on the
beneath us? Heretofore the oil has been health of the pioneer hunter. From
obtained from wells varying from 65 to that early date, to the present time those
120 f et. The fossil rock either lies on spr i ngs have been the resort of persons
the surface or is found but a few feet from near and remote sections of the
below it, as at the mouth of Buck Roth country, to collect oil for medical pnrpo
where it is hurried about 27 feet. The ses. Barrels have thus been yearly
first oil rock is, therefore only about 60 gathered, and used by the inhabitants,
or 90 feet below the surface. ' under various names, and as the basis of
On visiting an oil well recently struck,.
'es
various compounds.
which had been struck near the mouth , 2. Locality.—For the information of
of Buck Run—called the "deep oil strangers desirous of visiting these cele
well," 1 gathered the following particu- boated oil springs, I subjoin the follow
bars,
which .1 here transcribe for tho ing instructions relaiive to their posi
benefit of those interested. "The well tion and means of approach. They are
is owned by Pennock a.r, Ball, of Pitts- located on the East branch of Sunday
burg, Pa. It is 385 feet deep; the Jos- ' Creek, in Union Township, Morgan
sit rock, 27 fhet below the surface.— county, on the western slope in the ra-
The first oil vein was struck at the depth vines of the dividing ridge between
of 53 feet, from which we obtained Wolf Creek and Federal Creek. They
about 35 barrels. Second oil vein, 101 ' are one half mile west of Rin ‘ ggold, 3..1
feet from the surface, showing in nei oil miles due west of the deep oil well on
than the first, but it was not pumped. — reek, 9 miles N.
Buck Run and Wolf 0
Third vein, 275 feet, in black shale bitu- W. from the celebrated Joy farm, on
minons; considerable oil, not pumped. Sharps fork, of Federal Creek, 10 miles
Fourth vein, 315 fest deep, qulte a good , west of McConnelsville, and 12 miles
show, in the blue sand rock, oil all the S. W. of Oil Spring Run, and from 6
way through that rock, which was 35 to 10 miles east of the immense coal de
feet thick. Fifth vein was in a blue . posits of the West branch of Sunday
black shale, oil was found throegll this ; Creek, S.lowfork and Monday Creek
shale, 3 feet. Sixth vein in a blue sand : Teess.o )111111! 1 from the east, should
rock, 379 feet deep, and within 6 feet of ta k e be a t., ei - M.,Connelsville, 'and there
the bottom of the well. Ceased b :ring'
obtain direction to Ringgold. A visit
at 385 feet, two feet in a white sand to these springs would be interesting to
e: ek, called the ‘.s sit rock." Pumped : the
n gologist, as well as to those look
three slays and nights, hts, when,
by the hie, for oil territory of the first class.
breaking of the seedbag and pump, atter 3. 0 'aloy;cal features.—l have spent
°lot:lining about 10 barrels of oil, opera- some time in geological examinations of
times ceased. Oa visiting the well the the immediate neighborhood of the
morning after the accident, we were sur- ; Springs, and ant therefore prepared to
Prised to tied the engine house floor and ! give information which may be of use
the around for seine distance about the to .those interested. There are certin
well covered with oil- The well hail ' strata of rocks which identify this oil lo
been flowisig, through the night, and cality with those of Duck Creek, Vir
e number of barrels of oil had been oinia. Wolf Creek and Federe' cr ee k
thrown out. This oil cam ) fron the A cimparative view T e nav e mal e . an d
d e pth of 379 feet, 35 . 2 feet below the am fully seS;stied of their identity.
fossil rock between the veins of the silt „.
t , Tee upiRT li,oe f)rni-don which con
water." Front these filets we learn let, stitutes the rieh itenimits ofl
oft hedividing
that oil is found in various rocks above ridge eleeve, the Sunday Creek oil
and below salt water as on Deck Creek, springs have been traced to the same
~
Second that the oil has a deep sauce as position at Deck Creek, and Burning
in other localities, and hence we may Spring Run on the Kanawha. On Welt
conclude that there will be timid a much creek and on Federal Creek a careful
larger amount beneath the salt rock. observer identifies a similarity in the
li. Ferlera 6We/s—Passing over the structure of hills and valleys, so that he
dividing ridge, between the waters of readily exclaims, from a single glance,
Wolf Creek and Federal Creek, we soon "This is oil territory." There is a same-
enter the 6tli sublivision of the western ness - in the soil also. ,
oil field, and the one from which the 2. Th; coal fienia'ioa, situated about
largest amount of surface oil lees been 40 feet below title upper layer •. f lime
obtained. We visited various localities stone, I have traced through ih rani-. i
in this region as early as 18413, and wee oes locelities, and rind its relative posi
the
first to examine them in view of tu- Con the mine, though varying some
ture oil operations. We leased the field little in thickness.
on the "Joy Farm," in the summer of 3. &!ow the coal stratu.re about 70 feet
1860. In this field nearly all the Fed- lies the "FOSSIL. ROCK," so generally rec
eral t)reek oil has been obtained from a ognized in oil regions. At the oil
depth varying from 35 feet to 120 feet. Springs on Sunday Creek, this and the
No, wells are sank in this Geld, that do blue sand, or first oil rock are distinctly
not show more, or less oil. The grata seen and can be relatively examined.
are broken in every direction, aled, to The fossil rock lies about 75 feet,a.bave
NEW SERIES.---VOL. 8, NO. 30.
the bed of the stream, at the mouth of
Buck 'inn, 27 feet below the surface.
Three miles below ou Wolf Creek it
forms the bed of the stream, three miles
above it lies in the bed of the Creek,
while on the main stream one half mile
east, it is 38 feet under the Bottum.
At McConnelsville it is about 40 feet
above the river, at the deep well at
Maxburp-, Duckt Creek, it lies 21 feet
below the surface ; at the Joy farm On
Sharps Fork, it lies about 25 feet above
the stream ; at Amesville ' it formes the
bed of the stream. On Hyde Fork it
has the same elevation in the lower
part, as on Sharpe's Fork. It shows
itself on the waters of Federal and is
elevated cn Sugar Creek.
4. The first blue sand or oil rock, at, the
Sunday creek springs underlies the foss
il rock about 50 feet. It occupies about
the same position on the oil lands de
scribed above. These are some of the
principal rocks which identify this with
other oil sections. Indeed their one
ness is filly established with tik. - ad
vantages in favor of the latter &dd. ,7
The strata and oil veins to the .depth
of 2.50 feet below the first oil rook:
also identical. From the examknatidtts
of the pumping; of numerous wells 'Cm
Ilck Creek, Federal creek, Wolf_creek,
and Burning Spring Run, I could come
to no other conclusion than this, thatidl
these are parts of ONE on. REGION. No
doubt can be entertained, that sitstiler
1' •
:tut m muting aoundance of deep oil.
.711: advantages of the Sunday creek tikr
rito?y will appear in many particulais,
;oine of which I shall take the liberty of
naming. Some 700 acres about ,the
springs, though exceedingly rough-And
flail of ravins, the surface not mertl than
150 feet above the first oil rook,-'and
the larger portion, especially in the Ja
vine 4 . not over 30 feet, and, alrisevient
ly all the oil is the erevicbs of
that rock, can be obtained at an expense
very trilling. It affords the best °pp).-
tanity for obtaining lubricating oil of
the b st quality of any known locality.
Tile rocks bear the "footprints" of great
convulsions. Upheavals can be clearly
sec i in the ravines and in some places,
similar to those on Burning Spring run.
Thu nuAza Ii w e numerous crevice*,
reaching to a great depth, as appear
from the numerous salt licks and of
places where the oil is exuding; for I
1141 this t.) be fully established, that
wherever salt licks are found, the crevi- -
us in that immediate locality extend to
the salt water; and where oil appears,
the :;eanis must extend to the deep oil
localities. These truths have been dear
ly shown in sinking salt and oil wells.
That a large amount of the best lubrica
ting oil can be obtained at an expense
very trifling, was shown in the summa
of 1863, when an amount of oil whid
could now be sold for $l5OO, was of
tabled by hand pumps in a well
. Iy:t
oyer 20 tect deep. To obtain deep oi?
there are parts of the land tirte,4llBl
one hundred feet nearer than is uAall:i
required to he reached. Should Mara
amount of oil be found in this vicinity
the Pittsburgh, Maysville and Obtain
nati Railroad, now surveyed, - will pass
directly through this territory. I hays
dwelt more minutely upon the character
of this oil region as nothing heretofore
has been published concernins , it, and
that the attention of the oil publicillay
be directed to this new and interest4n4
field. Other points of intetest could he
named which would clearly establish
the East Branch and the main creek to
he oil territory of na ordinary vsJoe.
Other points of interest might be tram
ea, but it would extend this articler to a
length much greater than was inten4ed.
In the salt wells near Athens, on the
Hocking river, oil was found, axvi r an
effort is about being made to find . _the
veins. Should these efforts succeed
that will be described as the Bth
vision
And here I would ingnlre how far weof
Sunday creek does the oil extend ? This
vestiou I am not prepared to answer.., If
my theory of the origin of Petroleum be cor
rect, viz : that tt is a product of biturnidous
deposits ; one other stream must be included,
viz: Monday Creek lying west from 4 to
15 miles. On this stream and on- thelrest
branch of Sunday creek are the moat exten
sive deposits of bituminous coal in Ohio.
At Straightsville, the coal fibs in beds 12
feet in thickness. „Vong the entire lemithts
of Monday creek arid on Snow Fork, the
coal banks are 8 feet thick. There are of
signs along the stream, but tlo oi,‘.
rock, no oil
As an article of commerce. it is asstiming
a very important position. The wants (Cho
present age could not be supplied without
it. The foreign demand arises principally
from its illuminating properties, yet l it is
found to be of great value for many other
purposes
1. 4. an laminator, its vale is' : not
fully understood nor appreciated. That the
reader may understand its relative
realities, I havePintroanced the follow
ittf,Ttabht of the intensity of light mnd costa
of various burners.
/..F.TIVI.ES 133 ED: S . 'Zee:. 5
ma 6,
44. g
ar. • La
Coal Oil et retro/aura 13 10 2
Oamphene 5 00 1 SW 455
Whale Oil 240 851 .00
Lard Oil
Sperm Oil
Burning Fluid
[Concluded on second page.]
EZ:I
133 3
tPtfis wo
o ss
rD a
2,7--
50 1 1'0 . 17 60
200 93 118 4 40
75 8u 26 44
II
a