THE PORTER :
Wallaby, Nan t
. .20, 1844.
Pr/ President, in 014,
YAN -BUREN,
- OF NEW TONIC. • ,
•
For Tree Prisideat,
tOL. BEARD M. OfyINSO2 4 4
OF KENT,UCKY.
Wood of a Noticivaleclnvaiti.on.:
Electori for fresiden
wizsos MCA=
* Asa Minor,
1. George, F s . Lehman.
2. Christian
3. William H. Smith.'
4. John Hi&
6. Samuel 'each.
6. Samuel, Camp.
7. Jesse Sharpe.
PI W. Sample,-
9. Wm. Heidentich.
10. Conrad Shinier.
U. Stephen Bally.
12. "Jonah Brewster,-
DEMOCRATIC - NOMINATION&
FoV Governor,
'IIION. HENRY A, muHLENturtg ,
~.• , OF BERES.
For Canal COMllllololltri •
\ JOSHUA HARSEIORNE 7 . •
, OF 'CHESTER.
Cr As the Senior Editor must necessarily
be absent for:maul* weeks, the entire charge
and control •of the office-will devolve upon his
son,-E. 0. GOQIIIIIIOI, who is equally, interested
in the publication, and to whom all payments,
communications, &c., Can be made. , •
The Nomination.
Our readers are already apprized of th.
action of the Democratic State Conven
tion, and that HENRY A. MUHLEN
BURG, the favorite son of that Gibraltar
of democracy, gallant old Berko," is
placed before fellow-citizens as the
nominee of the democratic party for, Go
.vetnor of the commonwealth ; and that
MARTIN VAN BUREN, of N. York,
and COL. RICHARD M. JOHNSON,
of Kent9cky, With an unanimity almost
uncraralelled, received the nomination for
President and Vice -President of the U.
States. We hare fluog the banner tb the
breeze, and ente r the contest cheered
frith the conviction that these nomina
tions will be responded to by the people
and sustained at the polls in
_October
next, •by an overwhelming vote."
, It is
known to onr readers that our preferences
Were early-expressed for Mr. Midden
burg, and .we cannot, on this occasion,
refrain from expressing the peculiar sa
tisfaction we feel in announcing his no
mination: The choice of the Conved
tion has fallen.upon one of the Most-Wor
thy eons of Pennsylirania, one whOse de
votion to the principles cif democracy,
"whose services to the cause and to his
,conntrywhose talents and unbending
integrity, fully entitle him to. and will
Secure, the , vote of every friend of the
party. Vine, a considerable portionf
Meitibers of the Convention, and we may
lay of the party, had expressed preferen
teifor another distinguished mem'aer of
the Party k but we have the most perfect
assurance that those delegates, represents
log as they did, a constituency whose
lotto every thing for principles—
nothing for men," will return to their
eintstituents, determined to - render a full
and hearty support to the nominees of
the Convention, and that this spirit Will
be diffused through the length and breadth
of the Commonwealth, until the_ second
_Tuesday of Octolier next, when we shall
have the proud - satisfaction of recording
for him an old-fashioned demOiratic
majority of twenty-five thousand. Mr.
Muhlenburg has been educated in the
pahtical school of 'the immortal - JE:FFER-
Selit his life has spent s in advocating and
defending the doctrines there imbibed,
and the rights of the people ; with a cha- '
racier above reproach or the reach of ca-
inmny, .with she very highest order Of
Waits, and, in all his associations tied
feelings identified with the liestintereslii
and prosperityof tho Commonwealth, he
is peculia4y fitted fir the high station
for which his name is before the people,
and beyond all doubt be will be called
by the . ve*.e of his countrymen . Let the
demo n
. demge phalanx, then pre.pue for the
contest, let every one, Who wishes for
the success of , his. principles., and_who
would not sett.them trodden under foin
by a relentless timay, , arouse himself
and gird on his armorfor the contest and
for victory. We have a wily and un
scrupling fee to contenchigiunst.' The
fortress of demeetsey will be untied on
every side, in d . should be4letended with
seat and it daterirlinstion worthy
!:sess we 'spasm, The true spirit is
simerd. and Must sod will prevail. let
ear -deamenifie - Mande, Or heart and
head in the good cause indoor endidite
wafmrtainly triumph aid the 'gkay'und
mamma of our good 'old commonwe a lth
be preieryed from the thraldom. of side:
..t
FUIGIIIIIII, Bcgatio---' The equestrian
Corps of Herr Driesbach -were riding
through the street:, of Baltimore, on Fri
day week, iterr Driesbach himself in a
batouche, with alive leopard. The com
pany stopped at a hotel, Driesbach taking
the leopard with lira under his aim. A
crowd of boys, as usual, gathered about,
and as Drieshach came out of the hotel,
ailed named John Wild, aged about 10
years of age; stumbled with his head
against the leopard's - nose. The animal
caught the boyby the cheek, and burying
his claws iii the flesb, dreiv head in
his jaws. Driesbach instantly thrust his
hand,into the anlinal's - month, and jamm
ed it down his throat, all three falling on
the pavement together. Afteisoine strug
gling, the hoy was released, considerably
lacerated in the cheek. : '
ME
and Pi/ President.
senatorial.
13. George Schnabel
14. Nathg B. Eldred.
15. M..N.lrrine.
18. Janes Woodinfrn.
IT. HughMootgomery
18. Isaac Ankney.
19. John Matthews.
20. William Patters=
21. - Andfew Barka.
'22. Jahn
23. Christian Mayes.
124. Robert Orr
A GOOD Hrr:—An aniusiag occurrence
happened in the late Democratic Conven
tion, which is as gdod a joke as we have•
seen lately. Mr. Crispin, of Philadel
phia, who was Speaker of the Senate last
.winter, and very frequently interrupted
the Coavention by rising to...point's of or
der, and he invariably addressed himself
to the President by saying, ~, Mr. Presi
dent, I,Tise to a
,pint of order." It was
=very evident that his too frequent inter
ruptions were beComiug rather annoying,
when Mr. Galbraith, one of the Vice
Presidents, turned to the President, -and
very. gravely said—" Mr. - President, it is`
no wonder that we are in a peck of tiou
ble, for the ,gentleman has risen to six : .
teen pirasiif Fader." _
DELEGATES TO THE BALTIMORE CON
viNnos.—The follo\ving. named, gen
tlemen were.appointed . as delegates to
the Democratic National Coniention,
to be , held at Boltiritore on the' 27th' of
May next. - r
J. William H. Harbeson, Phil's.
SMOCIEINO STEAMBOAT DIEJAISTER.
Thestearnboat De Soto, while passing
down Old River, between three and
1 - 0--
four o'clock in' the morning, came in
contact wit the steamboat Buckeye,
boned up. - The collision caused the
Buckeye t sink in less than five mi
nutes, up to the hurricane deek, There
were 250 persona on board the Buck
eye; of whom the ,greater. part were
saved. 'Of the number- lost, but. fifteen
are supposed to be white ; the restt
were negroes and slaves. The confu
lsion was so great ; that it was hupossi
ble to obtain correct particulars' of the
number lost, or their ' names.. All the
*officers, and nearly Call the cabin , pas
sengers were saved; Thirty 'or forty
were picked up by the mate in the
yawl.... • .
FATAL Dttra..—A duel was fought*
New Orleans on the 29th ult., between
Mr. Ryan, editor of - the Vick s burg Sen.
tine!, and Mr. Hammer, editor of the
Vicksburg Whig, At the fourth fire,
Mr. Ryin fell mortally' wounded, being
shot ireetly through the lunge. He
n about ten-minutes.
DREADFUL MISTARE.--A lady nem
e4 Hanpa6 ilinners,residing at Water
ford, CODILi came, to her death is a
shocking manner. Feeling unwell,
she took what she supposed to a dose
of salts, but which proved to be ape.'
cies of soda used . in bleaching hats.--
She lived about an hour.
Ax-Envroa nr Taotans. , --Tbs edi.
tor* the Frederiekstown, (N B.) - Loy.
dist.'bas been !melded andthroat). Mtn'
jait,by order of` the . Provineiil Rouse of
'Assembly. - for commentintwitksottie
severity upon the action of that. body.'
2. Joseph Snyder,. . 66
3. Maj. James ' Greer, '
4. Benjamin Moore.
5. David Lyons, Delaware.
6. Stokee L. Roberts, Bucks..
7. John .1 Hickman , Chester.
8. Col. Reah Frazer. Lancaster.
' 9. Charles-Kessler, Berke.
10. Hon; Asa Packer, `Carbon.
11. Luther Kidder, Luzernel
12. Vol. Seth Salsbury, Bradford.
13. Hon. Ellis Lewis; Lycoming.
14. Hon. E. B. Robley, Schuylkill.
15. - Dr. Alexander Small, York. '
N. James X. M'Lanahan, Franklin.
17. Gen: A. P. Wilson, Huntingdon.
18; JohnsL. Dawson, Fayette.
19. Gen. Henry D. Foster, Retied.
10. John R. Shannon, Beaver.
21. William 'Kerr, Allegheny.
22. William Gill, Jr. Crawford.
23. William Beatty,' Erie.
24. Hon. John Bredin, Butler.
Nevis tress an Itailions
•
IP
Tho Pittsburgra speak , in very
eomuiendatoty .terms= of young man
named H. B. Alicord ivholately. at the
imminent peril of his life, dashed
orm
through - oke tted•flemea into the gir
ret of a burning house, and reecued
from death a sleeping infant.
President Tyler has presented'.2oo
to the.mother of the black servant who
was killed at the time of the recent ex-,
plosion on board the. Princeton. -
One of the richest men, in Kentucky,
and a large slave proprietor, Hon. Cas
sius M. Clay, anuouncee his intention
to liberate all his slaves in the course
of the, present year. '
A damsel in Oincinnatii took poison
to cure a violent attack of love. The
doctors marched. in i upon-her with, a
pump, and ruined the romance of the
thing by paving her life..
A lady in London named Blay
den, has lately been made defendant
in an action of ejectment. The priPci
pal count in the declaration was for
throwing her husband out of the win
dow ! •
_ ,
Professor Locke, of Cincinnati, has
invented and made a magnet whichrlifts
11,000 pounds. The 'magnet weighs
only 171 pounds.
Prince Albert has recently appeared
to the English public as a musical com
poser. kis talents in this line, it seems,
have been devoted to sacred subjects,
and his productions hive been received
with great eclat.
The Legislature of Pennsylvania
passed an act last week legalizing a
marriage contract between a Mr. R. F.
Brunson, and his wife. The parties
ware uncle and niece, but were not ac
quainted, With the fact - until a consider
able time after their marriage. -
The Calhoun committee of New
York, as 'weyearn from the Rerald, of
that city, held. a meeting on Friday
evening last, and passed resolutions
assenting to and concurring in the call
of the Baltimore Convention.
A London. ppper says, that a fire now
burning on the hearth of Mr.. Stradd
ling, of Somerset was kindled in 1762,
by one 'of his ancestors; and has never
been suffered to go out:.
Packenham, the new British
Minister, has - rented Mr. Webster's
house and furniture at Washington.
W. B. Bayley, a Bogen artist, has
succeeded in executing in marble, a
beautiful imitation of the rose, which
.
places him high in his profession.
The Zanesville (O.) Journal, of the
28th ult. says that on the day previous,
Mr. Isaac Mellyar, postmaster atTam
bridge, was shot dead by accidental dis
charge of a gun in his hinds.
Hon. Amos Gnstine, late member of
Congress from Juniata county, died at
his residence on the Ist inst.
The wrought iron gun which explo
ded was manufactured at-the foundry
oflir., Ward on the North River.
Duff Green has retired from the free
trade paper, The Republic."
The deMocratic citizens of Philadel
phia city, and ;comity, held a meeting
on the 6th inst., to respond to the nom
ination of Van Buren, Johnson and
Muhlenburg. .
Mr. Willie; the New \\Yoilc 'cones
ponlent of the National Intelligencer,'
states that a Shop keeper in Broadway
had imported several ladies' dresses,
valued* at one thousand dollam - each,
and found no difficulty in selling them.
The winter in England has been so
mild that no ice has been found there,
and the tlibernia-took out "about one
hundred . tons on heOeturn voyage.
India rubber Mail bags are maniac
tureitat New Haven. for the United
States government. they are flexible,
durable, and of course impervaius to
water. - -
A lead mine,4ielding 80 per cent. of
the pure metal, hat been discovered in
Arkansas.
A considerable , quantity ct lumber
his Boated past this place for a market
below. We understand dist the Pros
peels from below are fivorable for the
lUmbermen.
At Alton, Illinois, 37,000.h0ga have
been cat up daring the hie arinter. .
ThiManufactuie of giild peps is pros
ecuted successfully at Cincinnotti.
Mayor Scott, Of lately.
prevented a duel-between two colored.
gentlemen or that city. One had been
saying :a grem. deal Vlore . than he',
ought to," aboutilte other.
Three rebbernwere caught in Balta.
titneon Meisdny night, in : the very act
.of plinderings stare.
MEI
Comsppadence frOm ilarrbloutg.
Manassainur, Masai 13th,1044.
Most osflatibuthi‘ , 0111;86°4 uihe le*
bluff **(!torbit ,: bis tiewid*Joad to
and indeed,there Wen ers*Ong gresidentand
r"-ieetiall and
*ion—tune than can possibly be accompe.opu
: in the "bemired days." 1 •
The bill for the removal of the seat 'ofjustice
is Coluinfidn'exnanty frem Danville to Bloom,-
burg has hetet again defeated in 'the &mate by
a acne of yeas'l3, nays I [l7. Thus ends that
heads seidon, and it ought tabs ended
for its distundon hers consumed much tinier.—
Mr. 'penult:nail's, bill chhurging the_ mode' of
electing council-men in tie eity of Philadelphia
liss passed the Senate and gone.te the House.
The etre& of this bill will be to infuse a small
sprinkling of Aemocracy into the city 'councils.
Pity this j bad not been dOne before the Girirrd
Pond had all been agnindered. The bill to
erect a new county out of t Etuningdon and Bed
.ford to be Called "I) , laiir," was killed in the
-House yesterday- by a vote of yeas 40, nays 45. I
It very doubtful whether any new counties
are made this winter.' The bill for the sale of
the main line of improveuients from Philadel
phia to Pittsburg paned committee of the whole
in the Senate yesterday.' The work is valued
at $20,000,000, and is 'divided into shares of
$lOO each. ; •
TO bill allotting Ole public printing to the
lowest bidder passed 4nally in the House to-day
by a vote of .74 to 18, With some unimportant
amendments. It will b y e in the hands of the
Governor perhaps to•ino!row. . 1
The Speaker laid before the Senate yesterday
a communication frpmithe President of the
Board of Canal Coinikutsioneis, transmitting
an estimate of the amount of money. necessary
td pay the expenses of putting the canals and
'railroads of this Commonwealth in proper con
dition for navigation and transportation. and
to pay the current, expenses which will be in
curred by the supervisors during the present
fiscal year. It is forinded on the reports of the
present Supervisorel fUndsheil in compliance
with a requisition of the Board. • "
The whole sum which will be required, ac
cording :to these reports, for the fiscal year end
ing 30th 'November next, is $225,059 - 65.
From which deduct the sum of $19,900 44,.
drawn from the Treasury by the present Super
visors, out of the unexpended balance of former
appropriations, and alsci the sum of $60,000,
appropriated for repairs a few days ego, less
$2,000 specifically appropriated to the Franklin
line. This leaves the balance to be provided
for by an additional appropriation of $147,159
21.
The aggregate amoUnt of the estimate! of
the late Supervisors, ea reported to the late
Board, is $206.498 25; , making a difference of
$18,561 40, between the estimates of the pre
sent and late Supervised'. This difference ari
ses principally in the eidimstes for the Philadel
phia and Columbia Railroad—the Upper Divi
sion of the Juniata line of canal, and the Sus
quehanna Division.
It is the , opinion of the Board, that it would
promote the true 'interests of the State, if the
present Legislature would.make an appropria
tion to purchase materials, during the present
year, to be used after the close of the navigation
next fall, and to pay the exeenses which must
necessarily be incurred between the close of
the fiscal year and the usual time of passing
the annual appropriation bill.
The communication was referred to the In
ternal Improvement Committee,' and the usual
number ordered to be printed.
The democratic nomination made by the
4th of March` Convention give general satisfac•
Lion, and as far as my knoweldge extends the
democracy in all partsi of the state are forming
themselves into one Solid phalanx - to do battle
in the soot! cause. Mr. Mublenburg is emi
nently qualified for the office for which he is
nominated, and perlutps in the present crisis of
our state affairs pale l y could not have dictated
- a happier selection.He isnot only Well and
favorably known at home, but his diplomatic
career as Miniiter to Russia has established for
him a permanent:character abroad. This may
by sakof Mr. Muhlimbwg without any diva !:
'gement to his deservedly popular competitor
for the nomination; Francis R. *Munk. Mr,
Shur& from hi& thorough acquaintance with
the affairs of the commonwealth is in every way.
qualified to Yin the I gubernatorial chair ; but
upon a fitir 'trial ,of strength, Mr..Muhlenburg
was chosen , and' the convention unanimously
acquiesced in the deciainth •
The course of Mr. Wilmot of your' oimty,
in the convention was manly, far and honora
ble, and won for himself the applause and friend
ship of all. Mr. W. came hero es the avowed
friend of Mr. Shuilir and by his judiciowicotirse
contributed much M reconcile conflicting inter-.
eats to sustain that union and harmony in
the convention so essential to the Well being of
the democratic part. Mr. Willmot addressed
the convention upon several ()emotions, in which
hir displayed talent* of a high order:
ours dm.
DEmckcitivric Vicrony l--An election
was held' -at . New Orleans on Monday,
the 26th of'Febvnary, tor=n State Sena
tor, to fill the place of 11r. Hcia,*de
ceased, which.resulted in a most triurn
pliant yictory for the democratic party,
The moat extraordinary exertions were
flied by the whigs to'carry the election.
Henry Clay wits preseni and lent his
influence to suPport his sinking cause.
They were. beaten however. fit every
municipality in ; the cityy. Slidell, dem
"Ocrat, received a majority of 416.
The Aikvernor.
the dentotraik of Pennsylvania 'Plea
bit to bennited , 4c) Insure for thein4
Selves tritunphant victory. From
iiiery Ostler of our commonwealth
have intuit itatishictory and cheering as.
aurances unanimity with whtch
the democracy are laying aside' person
al preferences, and rallying to the stip
port of Ilsrian A. Munminutto., . The
contest for' nomination between Mr.
Shank and Mr. Mulilenburg•was nnu
sually animated and . close, but we be.
lieve the friends of .either were fully
prepared lo sacrifice: all. former•prede
lectioniiind Koine ide• cheerfully in the'
nomination. That nomination has seen
made, arirall admit- fairly. And - Aile
Os a duty. which they owe to their
party, and to the success of their prin
ciples,' still.th'e friends of Mr. Shank
are aeserving of much' credit for the
promptness whith which they haveTor
gotten du:rewire. Of the contest for the
nomination. The nomination of Mr.
Muhlenburg was well calculated . to_
have this harmonious effect.' •Hig un
questioned integrity ; .his ability and
firmness, and his long and unyielding
support of democratic principles• have
given the democratic party aconfidence
in and impressed them with -a respect
for him, which will speak in .tones
of, thunder at the polls, , at next October
election.
T.IIE SCIENCE OF IVINEMOTECIINY.-
Professor Goraud, of New -York city
is teaching a system of Mnemonics or
the art of memory, which pronis — es to
be highly useful. lie has. had unpre
dented success. 'thus far, and we are
glad to observe,by the following card to
the editors of the Journal of Commerce,
That he intends sending out • accredited
teachers.
h ail every. day., receiving a large
number of letters from all parts of the
country, making inquiries in relation to
my system, and inviting me to extend
my visit-in various directions. As I
cannot find leisure to answer each of
these letters, I ask .your columns, to
give publicity to my intentions. I
shall poi be able myself, to teach
excepting hgthe latec,ities; but my in
tention is to select a suitable number of
young • gentleman from 'my classes,
those who appear to have the requisite
ieapaCiiy for teaehing, and send them
out to communicate my system in any
part of the country where a class may
be made up. These young gentlemen
will be PROPERLY ACCRENITED FROM
RE. and. those only Fill be supplied
with my copy righted Mnenotechnic
Dictionary Principles, without we
the system cannot be taught ws
PLCIEN a
C.Y Therefore,as none others
can be fully qualified to teach the sys
tem, whose who desire to acquire it are
respectfully cautioned to avoid giving
their patronage to any others than so
accredited, as by so doing they will en
courage ig norant pretenders who will
only degrae the science, of Mnemot
echny, instead of affording valuable in
structions to their pupils. •To prevent
this, is my, principal motive in pub
lishing this letter, and the , course I re
commend to those who desire to learn
my systein is, to refuse credence to all
who come without full credentials from
me. Respectfully your ob't servant,
FAUVEL GOURAU D.
Fliut..--'Fhe Shoe & Currying es
tablishnient of Mr. Christopher Riney,
at Orwell, was totally destroyed by fire,
on. Saturday •morning, 2d inst. Mr.
Hiney's loss was Very severe, the fire
destroying not only the implements
his business, but a considerable amount
of proviiion and grain, boots and shoes,
leather, bark; &c• The cause of they
fire is not known. The ,amount of the
loss is estimated at 5860. No insur;
ance.
THE man OF Tun ExpLostori.--The
precise time of the lamentable explo
sion •on board the'Princeton has been
ascertained by Mr. Upshur's watch.--
The blow which caused the death of
the•. Owner stopped the watch. which
was a gold patent lever. at exactly four
teen minutes and twenty, seconds past
four o'clock. •
ACCIDENT. -At the celebration , of
Washington birth-day at New ?allover.
Montgomery comity._ a young man,
named Jacob Decker; came to his end
'by thesrematnie discharge of the ar
tillery while in the , act 'of loading.—
Botli arms were .taken off, and his
breast so injured as to cause his death
in a few Minutes:- •
Pun.
Ssictat. Erxenert.—A speciai elec
tion for Meinber of 'Congress; in „the
13th corigressional distriet, stipply .
th vacancy o e4iiichttid by the death
o 111311. HENRY FRICK, ii tobelfeld•.on
Friday; April dth.
Essays
f° l the Hod*
ot
Bssays - 01 G e o m .-
1 osoLoGLittan Na
TO mk t
On the_ impro ----- cc mc g t
airiest essay I
attemtte- ~,..
uI the bang of Oar,seirc
rocks from. whi c h se.
I propose to chow in L I the ? Itere
the
ingredients of soils are. is i
mixed by natural causeellanik7
ner by Which they Ma b , '"'
artificia4 means: e I raPme
of the evidence 64 pow it
•hqvs"swept over our tonnan
already written in precedieaoll''-
and have 'Shown their genera! ,
modifying the surface of c ur
To their influence, more than
er, is attributed' the general 3l°l
of the broken welts, and l o ose masses that are foiled remotem
native beds, together with to m b'
finer materials of our soil,.
Next in importance, may b e
the effects of our streams.
whatever be their magnitude, Ire
'sternly carryings portion or t hen . and beds to distant Placts,.acd
and varying ihe soils of even
-land that they periodically ore*
The "soils of all our rich ralleve,
been formed - by river depo s i t
rich valley of the Nile hasbeni e
immemorial yearly inundatedh rt
from
,the mountains of Abassi*
the annual deposits they ( cm
given that' valley its celebrated f.
The Po, the Hiangho, and mat
eastern rivers, have not only sp . .,
posits of the richest soil on their.
but they have filled up the set t ,
mouths, Wand formed dry land fe
leagues in extent. The limi t
own couritry„- many of them
overflow theil banks, and deposii
turbid treasures far from their
beds. There are abundant en.-.
too, .of the existence of ancient'
whose waters have now ceased to
having been diverted from their .;
by a change of level, or deprireel
supply by a change in the tem,
of our earth. These have all had
influence in the distribution of 1..
Springs, too, penetrate the ea
the veins on the n
animal, and, by
ins-from every hill side, bring he
erwise hidden treasures of the
the surface, and add theta to the
From the hard granite they se•
the alumina and the potash, the
and riles, and fit them for the
plants. From the rich lime rocs
bring the cal cariou s prineiple it cot
and *spread it with its native q •
on the soil, or bring it in contact
the various acids that give it had
eat qualities. Springs are then '
sal carriers and distributors old
saline products of the earth, and
constantly feeding our soils. Ti
many marine situations overspread
tensive tracts , arid deposits, not nalr
detritus they hold in mechanical
pension, but theksaline qualities. '
th,ns formed, are sometimes exte ,
fertile, while at others a sopembuna ,
of sand -renders them entirely ha,.
The • atmosphere that surrounds
earth acts an important part inc
inn the qualities of our soils.
strictly speaking is but a compoad
oxygen and nitrogen. ft hovers
ways contains extraneous matteri4
solid and gaseous, which' a
and deposits according to keen
general laws. These, whsnl
their'qualities, always affected
as receive them, and much of any
e pro c d e. uctiveness is due to di e
o
Thus the carbonic acid of the'
pheie goes to form the wooo
all vegetables ; while the salt! n•
tains act an equally, imporinniP 3 e
the growth of plants. Now these
all the effects of chemical dim
brought into activity by, the lass of
finitive attraction. It is thus that
seen changes are wrought in,the
acter of our soils, while the con
communication that exists boo.
them and the atmosphere, is by 0
cultivators unheeded, or unborn
Fine particles of 'sand are soma ,
carried in such qua'stities by wisb ,
to change, or entirely destrbYth:
ductiveness of a soil. By this '
whole districts in France ban
rendered- barren, and the ancieo
fields of western Egypt, hmv
turned into a desert.
In volcanic countries earthy nit
.fine as ashes, is ejected fro
earth, and carried - by . windsloi/n
places.
It will thus be seen that many°
al causes are constantly active, in
ng the constitutions of soils, and is
sing, or diminishing
their produc
fleas. It is these causes and diet,
• enee they exert on the growth ni'
tation, that enables us to use arti
means for their improvement .
In the improvement of soils by
ficial ; means. a regard td the fae
be
with which these means may
cured, is of the highest importloce
Thus a soil may be deficient in
or lime, or sand, or any other vale:
requisite for ilioductirene ss.
'difficulty and eense of proceriog
adding these, b e so'great as to PO
their• economical use. It is he!'
oftener the case, that beds of dill
earths lie near, or co ntig,uous
other , and can . be used hi and
ties as„materiallf to belie& thes
with .a trifling expense,•• Thus
may be fitted by nature for the