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VOL. XLV. NO. 41.
TIONESTA
.DNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1912.
$1.00 PER ANNUM.
THE FOREST REPUBLICAN.
R
ST
BOROUGH OFFICERS.
Burgess. J. O. Dunn.
Justices of the Voce C. A. Randall, D.
W. Clark.
CbuncMmen. J. W, Landers, J. T. Dale,
O. B. Kohlnson, Wm. Smearbaugh,
R. J. Hopkins, O. F. Watson, A. B.
Kelly.
Constable L. L. Zuver.
Collector W. H. Hood.
School XWreetota W. C. IuieT, J. R.
Clark, S. M. Henry, Q. Jamleson, D. U.
Blum.
FOREST COUNTY OFFICERS.
Member of Congress P. M. Speer.
Member of Senate 3. IC. P. Hall,
Assembly Vf. J. Campbell.
President Judge W. I). Hinckley.
Associate Judges Samuel Aul, Joseph,
M. Morgan,
Prot honotary, Register d Recorder, te.
8. R. Maxwell.
Hheritr Wm. U. Hood.
Treasurer W. H. Brar.ee. '
Commissioners Wm. H. Harrison, J.
C. Soowdeu, H. H. MoClellan. i
District Attorney.. K: Carringer.
Jury Commissioners J, B, Eden, A. M,
Moore.
Coroner Dr. M. O Kerr. .
Countv Auditor George H. Warden,
A. C. Gregg and S. V. Shields.
County Surveyor Roy S. Braden.
County Superintendent-J. O. Carson.
s
Recalar Terns Cut.
Fourth Monday of February.
Third Monday of May.
Fourth Monday of September.
Third Monday of November.
Regular Meetings of County Commis
sioners 1st and 8d Taesdays of month.
. Caere Habbatk Hceeel.
Presbyterian- Sabbath School at 9:45 a.
m. t M. E. Sabbath School at 10:00 a. m.
PreaohHig In M. E. Church every tjab
bath evening by Kev. W.S. Burton.
Preaohlng in the F. M. Church every
Sabbath evening at the usual hour. Rev.
O. A. Garrett, Pastor.
Preaching' in the Presbyterian church
every Sabbath at 11:00 a. m. and 7:30 p.
m. Rev. H. A. Bailey, Pa" tor.
The regular meetings of the W. C. T.
U. are held at the headquarters on the
second and fourtn Tuesdaya of each
month.
BUSINESS
v
DIRECTORY.
TIi .N ESTA LODGE, No. 869, fc0. 0. F.
Meets every Tuesday eveniug, in Odd
Fellows' Hall, Partridge building.
CAPT. GEOBOR STOW POST. No. 274
O. A. K. Meets 1st Tuesday after
noon of each month at 3 o'clock.
CAPT. GEORGE STOW CORP8, No.
187, W. R. C, meets first and third
Wednesday evening oi each month.
TF. RITCHEY,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Tlonesta, Pa.
MA. CARRINGER,
Attorney andounsellor-at-Law,
OfBoe over Fofcat County National
Bank Building, TIONESTA, PA.
CURTIS M. 8HAWKEY.
ATTORN K Y-AT- LA W,
Warren, Pa.
Praotioe in Forest Co.
A'O BROWN,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Offloeln Arner Building, Cor. Elm
and Bridge Sts., Tlonesta, Pa.
FRANK 8. HUNTER, D. D. S.
Rooms over Citizens Nat. Bank.
TIONESTA, PA.
DR. F. J. BOVARD,
Physician A Surgeon,
TIONEcJTA, PA.
Eyes Tested and Glasses Kitted,
DR. J. B. SIGGINS.
Physician and Surgeon,
OIL CITY, PA.
DR. M. W. EASTON,
OSTEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN,
of Oil City, Pa., will visit Tlonesta every
Wednesday. See him at the Central
House. Setting bones and treatment of
nervous aud chronic diseases a specialty.
Greatest success in all kinds of ohroulo
diseases.
HOTEL WEAVER,
J. B. PIERCE, Proprietor.
Modern and up-to-date in all Its ap
pointments. Every convenience and
oomfort provided for the traveling public
CENTRAL HOUSE,
R. A. FULTON, Proprietor.
Tlonseta, Pa. This is the most centrally
located hotel in the place,. and has all the
modern improvements. No pains will
be spared to make It a pleasant stopping
place for the traveling public.
pHIL. EMERT
FANCY BOOT 4 SHOEMAKER.
Shop over R. L. Haslet's grocery store
on Elm street. Is prepared to do all
Kinds of oustom work from the finest to
the coarsest and guarantees his work to
f ive perfect satisfaction. Prompt atten
ion given to mending, and prices rea
sonable. JAMES HASLET,
GENERAL MERCHANT.
Furniture Dealer,
AND
UNDERTAKER.
TIONESTA, PENN
Gasolines
No Carbon
Plenty of Power
r Save trouble and expense.
They're true Quality, not
cruae, compresseu goo.
rnrr a ... luuil. n ahoMt nil
nn m. www -
VT. W1VFRIT nil. WORKS CO.
PittiWgB, Pa.
LAMP OILS LUBRICANTS
CHICHESTER S PILLS
W rv 1 ,,K DIAMOND nUAMK A
Ill A Mil It HHAhill 111.1 H. fni 1I&
yeftrt known as Best, Safest, Alwayt RelUI'la
SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE
N3.
t.maieni ak your urummtm for a
t hl.rbe-ter'a I Nam on d TlrandA
rill in Kr d ". (.old metalUcSV
bntn, Mileil with tilutt Ril-in. V
Take no other. Ituy f your " ,
tkviiarrrl.. Ai.li fo V II I A llV ai.T V B
TAFT SENDS IN
FINAL MESSAGE
of Foreign Relations.
WORK DONE BY DIPLOMATS,
Recognitor! of Merit Syttem Has Been
Beneficial Suggestions Regarding
Changes In the Tariff Laws Designed
to Aid Commerce Turkish War and
Troublea In China.
To the Senate aud House of Repre
sentative: The foreign relations of the United
States actually and potentially affect
the state of the Union to n degree not
widely realized and hardly surpassed
by any other factor lu the welfare of
the whole nntlqii. The position of the
United Stales In the moral, Intellec
tual ami material relations of the fam
ily of nation should Jie a matter of
vital Interest to every patriotic citi
zen. The national prosperity and
power Impose upon us duties which
we cannot shirk If we are to be true
to our Ideals.
The tremendous growth of the ex
port trade of t he United States lias
already made that trade n very real
factor In the Industrial and commer
cial prosperity of the country. With
the development of our Industries the
foreign commerce of the United
States must rapidly become a still
more essential factor in Its economic
welfare.
The relations of the United States
with all foreign powers remain upon
a sound basis of peace, harmony aud
friendship. A greater Insistence upon
Justice to American citizens or Inter
ests wherever It may have been denied
and a stronger emphasis of the need of
mutuality in commercial and other re
Intlous have only served to strengthen
our friendship with foreign countries
by placing those friendships upon a
firm foundation of realities as well ns
aspirations
Reorganization of State Department.
At the beginning of the present ad
ministration the United States, having
fully entered upon its position as n
world power. Willi the responsibilities
thrust upon It by the results of the
Spanish-American war and already en
gaged In laying the groundwork of a
vast foreign trade upon which It
should one day become more and more
dependent, found Itself without the
machinery for giving thorough atten
tion to and taking effective action
upon n mass of intricate business vi
tal to American Interests in every coun
try In the world.
The department of state was an
archaic and inadequate machine, lack
ing most of the nttributes of the for
eign ollice of any great modem power.
With an appropriation made upon my
recommendation by the congress on
Aug. 5, 1000. the department of state
was completely reorganized. There
were created divisions of Latln-Amerl-can
affairs and of far eastern, near
eastern and western European affairs.
The law offices of the department
were greatly strengthened. There were
added foreign trade advisers to co-operate
with the diplomatic and consular
bureaus and the politico-geographical
divisions lu the Innumerable matters
where commercial diplomacy or con
sular work calls for such special
knowledge. The same officers, together
with t lie rest of the new organization,
are able at nil times to give to Ameri
can citizens accurate Information as to
conditions In foreign countries with
which they have business and likewise
to co-operate more effectively with the
congress and also with the other ex
ecutive departments.
Merit System In Coniular and Diplo
matic Corps.
Expert knowledge and professional
training must evidently be the essence
of this reorganization. Without a train
ed foreign service there would not be
men available for the work in the reor
ganized department of state. President
Cleveland had taken the first step to
ward Introducing the merit system In
the foreign service. That had been fol
lowed by the application of the merit
principle, with excellent results to the
entire consular branch. Almost noth
ing, however, had been done In this di
rection with regard to the diplomatic
service. In this nge of commercial di
plomacy It was evidently of the first
Importance to train an adequate per
sonnel In that branch of the service.
Therefore, on Nov. 20, l'JOO, by an
executive order I placed the diplomatic
service up to the grade of secretary of
embassy. Inclusive, upon exactly the
same strict nonpartisan basis of the
merit system, rigid examination for ap
pointment and promotion only for effi
ciency, ns had been maintained with
out exception in the consular service.
Merit and Nonpartisan Character of
Appointments.
How faithful to the merit system
and how nonpartisan has been the con
duct of the diplomatic and consular
services in the Inst four years may be
Judged from the following: Three am
bassadors now serving held their pres
ent rank at the beginning of my ad
ministration. Of the ten ambassadors
whom 1 have appointed Ave were by
promotion from the rank of niltilster.
Nine ministers now serving held their
present rank at the beginning of the
administration. Of the thirty ministers
whom I bave appointed, eleven were
promoted rrom the lower grades of the
foreign service or from the department
of state (if the nineteen missions in
I j it in A inc-t ii-n, where our relations are
close anil our Interest Is great, fifteen
chiefs of mission tiro service men,
three having entered the service during
this administration.
The thirty -seven secretaries of em
bassy or legation who have received
their Initial appointments after passing
successfully the required examination
wera chosen for ascertained titness,
without regard to political allllln tloua.
A dearth of candidates from southern
and western states has alone made It
linposKllifaahiiH far completely to equal
ize all the states' representations in
the foreign service. lu the effort to
equalize the representation of the va
rious states In the consular service I
have made sixteen of the twenty-nine
new appointments as consul which
have occurred during my administra
tion from the southern states. Tills Is
55 per cent. Every other consular ap
pointment made. Including the promo
tion of eleven young men from the con
sular assistant and student Interpreter
corps, has been by promotion or trans
fer, based solely upon efficiency shown
In the service.
Larger Provision For Embassies and
Legations Recommended.
In connection with legislation for the
amelioration of the foreign service, 1
wish to Invite attention to the advisa
bility of placing the salary appropria
tions upon n better basis. I believe
that the best results would be obtained
by a moderate scale of salaries, with
adequate funds for the expenses of
proper representation, based lu each
case upon the scale and cost of living
at each post, controlled by a system of
accounting and under the general di
rection of the department of state.
In Hue with the object which 1 have
sought of placing our foreign service
on a basis of permanency, I have at
various times advocated provision by
congress for the acquisition of govern
ment owned buildings for the residence
and offices of our diplomatic officers, so
as to place them more neilrly on an
equality with similar otlicers of other
nations and to do away with the dis
crimination which otherwise must nec
essarily be made in some cases In favor
of men having large private fortunes.
Diplomacy a Handmaid of Commercial
Intercourse and Peace.
The diplomacy of the present ad
ministration has sought to respond to
modern Ideas of commercial Inter
course. Tills policy has been charac
terized as substituting dollars for bul
lets. It Is one that appeals alike to
idealistic liumnultaiian sentiments, to
the dictates of sound policy and strat
egy and . to legitimate commercial
alms. It is an effort frankly directed
to the Increase of Americnn trade upon
the axiomatic principle that the gov
ernment of the United States shall ex
tend all proper support to every legiti
mate and beneficial American enter
prise abroad. How great have been
the results of this diplomacy, coupled
with the maximum and minimum pro
vision of the tariff law, will be seen
by some consideration of the wonder
ful Increase In the export trade of the
United States Keen use modern di
plomacy Is commercial there has been
a disposition In some quarters to at
ttibute to It none but materialistic
alms. How strikingly erroneous Is
such an Impression may be seen from
a study of the results by which the
diplomacy of the United States can be
Judged.
Successful Effort la Promotion of
Peace,
In the Geld of work toward the Ideals
of peace this government negotiated,
but to my regret was unable to con
summate, two arbitration treaties
which set the highest mark of the
aspiration of nations toward the sub
stitution of arbitration and reason for
war In the settlement of International
disputes. Through the efforts of
American diplomacy several wars
have been prevented or ended. I re
fer to the successful tripartite media
tion of the Argentine Republic, Bra
zil, and the United States between
Teru mid Ecuador, the bringing of the
boundary dispute between Panama
and Costa Rica to peaceful arbitra
tion; the staying of warlike prepara
tions when Haiti and the Dominican
Republic were on the verge of hostil
ities; the stopping of a war In Nicara
gua; the halting of internecine strife
In Honduras.
The government of the United
States was thanked for Its Influence
toward the restoration of amicable re
lations between the Argentine Republic
and Bolivia. The diplomacy of the
United States Is active In seeking to
assuage the remaining ill feeling be
tween this country and the republic of
Colombia. In the recent civil war In
China the United Stntes successfully
Joined with the other Interested powers
In urging an early cessation of hostili
ties. An agreemeut has been reached
etween the governments of Chile and
Peru whereby the celebrated Tacna
Aricn dispute, which has so long em
bittered international relations on the
west coast of South America, has at
last been adjusted. Simultaneously
came the news that the boundary dis
pute between Peru aud Ecuador had
entered upon a stage of amicable set
tlement. China.
In China the policy of encouraging
financial investment to enable that
country to help Itself has had the result
of giving new life and practical appli
cation to the open door policy. The
consistent purpose of the present od
ministration has been to encourage the
use of American capital in the develop
ment of China by the promotion of
those essential reforms to which China
Is pledged by treaties with the United
States and other powers.
The hypothecation to foreigu bankers
In connection with certain Industrial
entevprlses, such as the Hiikuang rail
way, of the national revenues upon
which these reforms depended, led the
department of state early In the admin
istration to demand for American ( III
zens participation in such enterprises.
In order that the United Stales might
bave equal rights and an equal voice lu
all questions pertaining to the disposi
tion of the public revenues concerned.
The same policy of promoting Inter
national accord among the powers hav
ing similar treaty rlghts'ns oursulves In
the matters of reform, which could not
be put into practical effect without the
common consent of all. was likewise
adopted In the case of the loan desired
by China for the reform of lis cur
rency. The principle of international
co-operation In mutters of common In
terest upon which our policy had al
ready been based In all of the above In
Itances has admittedly been a great
factor In that concert of the powers
which has been so happily conspicuous
during ( lie perilous period of transition
through which the great Chinese nation
has been passing
Central America Needs Our Help In
Debt Adjustment.
In Central America the aim has been
to help such countries as Nicaragua
and Honduras to help themselves. They
are the immediate beneficiaries. The
national benelit to the United States Is
twofold. First. It Is obvious that the
Monroe doctrine Is more vital In the
neighborhood of the I'anamn canal and
the zone of the Caribbean than any
where else There, too. the nialnte
nance of that doctrine falls most heav
ily upon the United States. It Is there
fore essential that the countries within
that r.phere shall be removed from the
niltlll I rT- U III,"' ru t rui ill
nvolvedaby heavy foreign
umtlcfllonnl finances anil
ver pnfint danger of inter
Jeopardy Involved
debt and ch
from the ever
national complications due-to disorder
at home
Hence the United States bas been
glad to encourage and support Ameri
can bankers who were willing to lend
a helping hand to the financial re
habilitatlon of such countries Iiecnnse
this financial rehabilitation aud the
protection of their custom houses from
being the prey of would lie dictators
would remove at one stroke the .men
ace of foreign creditors and the men
ace of revolutionary disorder.
I wish lo call your espelal attention
to the recen' occurrences In Nicaragua,
for 1 believe the terrible events re
corded there during the revolution of
the past summer the useless loss of
life, the devastation of property, the
bombardment of defenseless cities, t he
killing and wounding of women and
children, the torturing of noncomhnt
ants to exact contributions and t lie
suffering of thousands of human be
Ings might have been n verted hail the
department of state, through approval
of the loan convention by the senate,
been permitted to carry out Its now
well developed policy of encouraging
the extending of financial aid to weak
Central American states with the pri
mary objects of avoiding Just such
revolutions by assisting those repub
lics to rehabilitate their finances, to
establish their currency on n stable
basis, to remove the custom houses
from the danger of revolutions by nr
ranging for their secure administra
tion, ami to establish reliable banks.
I wish to congratulate the olllcers
and men of the United States navy and
marine corps who took part In re-establishing
order In Nicaragua upon their
splendid conduct and to record witli
sorrow the death of seven Americnn
marines and bluejackets.-Since the re
establishment of pence and order elec
tions have been held amid conditions of
quiet and tranquillity. Nearly all the"
American marines have now been
withdrawn.
Our Mexican Policy.
For two years revolution and counter
revolution have distraught the neigh
boring republic of Mexico. Brigandage
has Involved a great deal of depreda
tion upon foreign Interests. There nave
constantly recurred questions of ex
treme delicacy. On several occasions
very dllllcult situations have arisen on
our frontier. Throughout this trying
period the policy of the United States
has been one of patient noninterven
tion, steadfast recognition of constitut
ed authority In the neighboring na
tion and the exertion of every effort
to care for American Interests. I pro
foundly hope that the Mexican nation
may soon resume the path of order,
prosperity and progress.. To that na
tion In Its sore troubles the syniiHi
tlietic friendship of the United States
has been demonstrated to a high de
gree. There were In Mexico nt the begin
ning of the revolution some 30,000 or
40.000 American citizens engaged In
enterprises contributing greatly, to the
prosperity of that republic and also
benefiting the Important trade between
the two countries. The Investments of
American capital In Mexico has been
estimated at $1,0 '0,000,000. The respon
sibility of endeavoring to safeguard
those Interests and the dangers Insep
arable from propinquity to so turbulent
a situation have been great, but I am
happy to have been able to adhere to
the policy above outlined a policy
which I hope may soon be Justified by
the complete success of the Mexican
people In regaining the blessings of
peace and good order.
Agricultural Credits.
A most Important work accomplished
In the past year by the American dip
lomatic otlicers lu Europe Is the inves
tigation of the agricultural credit sys
tent in the ICuropean countries. Both
as n means to afford relief to the con
snuiers of tills country through u more
thorough development of agricultural
resources and us a means of more sulll
clently maintaining the agricultural
population, the project to establish
credit facilities for the farmers is a
concern of vital Importance to this na
tion. No evldem-e of prosperity nmong well
established farmers should blind us to
the fact that lack of capital Is prevent
ing a development of the nation's agri
cultural resources and an adequate In
crease of the land under cultivation;
that agricultural production Is fast fall
ing behind the Increase In population
and that, in fact, although these well
established farmers are maintained in
Increasing prosperity because of the
natural increase In population, we are
not developing the Industry of agricul
ture. Advantage of Maximum and Minimum
Tariff Provision.
The Importance which our manufac
tures have assumed in the commerce
of the world In competition with the
manufactures of other countries ngaln
draws attention to the duty of this
government to use Its utmost endenv
orn tn Mocin-p liiiniirtinl treatment for
American products In nil market'
Healthy commercial rivalry In Interna
iiuiri mi
ll red
ansff
foffign
tlonal intercourse Is best nfw
the possession of -proper means
protecting and promoting our foRign
trade. It Is natural that competitive
countries should view with some cou-tJ
cern tills steady expansion of our com
merce. If In some Instances the meas
urea taken by tlieiu to meet it are not
entirely equitublea .remedy, should be
found.
In former messages I hfe described
the negotiations of the jfnirtnient of
state with foreign governments for the
adjustment of the maximum and mini
mum tariff as provided in section 2 of
the tariff law of 1!)0!). The advantages
secured by the adjustment of our trade
relations under this law have contin
ued during the last year, and some ad
ditional cases of discriminatory treat
ment of which we had reason to com
plain have been removed. The depart
ment of state has for the first time in
the history of this country obtained
substantial most-favored-nntlon treat
ment from all the countries of the
world.
There are, however, other Instances
which, while. apparently not constitut
ing undue discrimination 'So. the sense
of section 2, are nevertheless excep
tions to the complete equity of tariff
treatment for American products that
the department of state consistently
has sought to obtain .for American
commerce abroad.
Necessity For Supplementary Legisla
tion. These developments confirm the opin
ion conveyed to you in my annual mes
sage of 1011. that while the maximum
and minimum provision of the tariff
law of l'JOO has-been Tully Justified by
the success achieved lu removing pre
viously existing undue discriminations
against American products, yet experi
ence has shown that this feature of
the law should be amended lu such
way as to provide n fully effective
means of meeting the varying degrees
of discriminatory treatment of Ameri
can commerce In foreign countries still
encountered, ns well ns to protect
against Injurious treatment on the part
of foreign governments through either
legislative or administrative measures
the financial interests abroad of Ameri
can citizens whoso enterprises enlarge
the market for Ainerleau commodities.
I cannot too strongly recommend to
the congress the passage of some such
enabling measure as the bill which was
recommended by the secretary of state
in his letter of Dec. 13. 1011. TJie ob
ject of the proposed legislation Is, lu
brief, to enable the executive to npp"ly.
ns the case may require, to any or nil
tntn imwll I l.ia u-h,ktliit. tr n.it nn tUn
;PViLst from 0 coulltry which discrtm-
mof HKiuuni tut; uiiiieu ouuus, a
gr;iAiated scale of duties up to the
maximn of 25 per cent nd valorem
prortdjL'd In the present lav. ' .
Pint tariffs are out of date. Nations
no longer acord equal tariff treatment
to all other nations Irrespective of the
treatment from them received. Such a
flexible power nt the command of the
executive would serve to moderate any
unfavorable tendencies on the part of
those countries from which the Impor
tations Into the United States arc sub
stantially confined to articles on the
free list as well ns of the countries
which 11 nd a lucrative market In the
United States for their products under
existing custom rates. It Is very ncucs
sary that the American government
should be equipped with weapons of
negotiation adopted to modern econom
ic conditions In order that wo may nt
all times be lu a position to gain not
only technically Just but actually equit
able treatment for our trade and also
for American enterprises aud vested In
terests abroad.
Business Secured to Our Country by
Direct Official Effort.
As illiisU'ittiug the commercial bene
fits to Ibo nation derived from the new
diplomacy ami its effectiveness upon
the material as well as the more Ideal
side, It may- be remarked that through
direct ofliclal efforts alone there have
been obtained In th courso of tills
administration' Contracts from foreign
governments Involving an expenditure
of !f."0,oi 10,01 10 in the factories of the
Ujilted States.
It Is geraiane'to these observations to
remark that In the two years that have
elapsed since the successful negotia
tion of our new treaty with Japan,
which at tlie time seemed to present so
many practical difficulties, our export
trade to that country has Increased at
the rate of over $1,000,000 a month.
Our exports to Japan for the year end
ed June 3d, 1010, were $'Jl,!l.7J,310,
While for the year ended June 30, 1012,
the exports were $53.-1 78.0-UI. n net In
crease iff the sale of American prod
ucts of nearly 150 per cent.
The act adopted. at the Inst session
of congress to give effect to the fur
seal convention of July 7. 1011. between
Great Britain, Japan, Russia and the
United States provided for the sus
pension of all land killing of seals on
the Pribllof islands for a period of
five years, and an objection has now
been presented to this provision by the
other parties In Interest, which raises
the issue as to whether or not tills
prohibition of land killing Is Inconsist
ent with the spirit If not the letter of
thr treaty stipulations. The Justifica
tion for establishing this close season
depends, under the terms of the con
vention, upon how far If at all It is
.necessary for protecting and preserv
ing the American fur seal herd and for
Increasing Its number. This Is a ques
tion requiring examination of the pres
ent condition of the herd and the treat
ment which It needs In the light of
actual experience and scientific Inves
tigation. Final Settlement of North Atlantio
Fisheries Dispute.
On the 20th of July last an agree
ment was concluded between the Unit
ed States and Great Britain adopting,
with certain modifications, the rules
and method of procedure recommend
ed In the nward rendered by the North
Atlantic cmst fisheries arbitration trl
biimrl on Sent. 7. 1010. for the settle-
"W'lit hereafter. 111 accordance with
9:Wflie principles laid 9hwn in the award,
of options arising with reference to
thue'rclse of tha- Americnn fishing
liberties under Article I of the treaty
of Oct. 20, 1818. between the United
States and Great Britain. This agree
ment received the approval of the sen
ate ou Aug. 1 and was formally rati
fied by the two governments on Nov. 15
Inst.
Opium Conference Unfortunate Fail
ure of Our Government.
In my message ou foreign relations
communicated to the two houses of
congress Dec. 7, 1011. I called special
attention to the assembling of the
opium conference nt The Hague, to the
fact that that conference was to review
all pertinent munclpnl laws relating to
the opium and allied evils and certain
ly all International rules regarding these
evils, find to the fact that It seemed to
me most essential that the congress
should take, immediate action on the
anti-narcotic legislation before the con
gress, to which I had previously called
attention by n special message.
.The congress nt Its present session
should enact Into law those bills now
before It which have been so carefully
drawn up in collaboration between the
department of state nnd the other ex
ecutive departments nnd which have
behind them not only the moral senti
ment .tf the country, but the practical
support of all the legitimate trade in
terests likely to be affected. Since the
International convention was signed
adherence to It has been made by sev
eral European states not represented
at. the conference of The Hague und
also by seventeen Latin-American re
publics. Europe r tie Near East.
The war between Italy and Turkey
came to a close In October last by the
signnture of a treaty of peace, subse
quently to which the Ottoman empire
renounced sovereignty ovta Cyrenalca
and .T rlpolitavila in favor of Italy. Dur
ing the past year the near east has un
fortunately been the theater of con
stant hostilities. Almost simultaneous
ly with the conclusion of peace be
tween Italy and Turkey nnd their ar
rival at an adjustment of the complex
questions at Issue between them, war
broke out between Turkey on the one
hand and Bulgaria, Greece, Montene
gro ami Servln on the other.
Mn the exercise of my duty fh the
feet tor 1 have dispatched to Turkish
waters a special service squadron, con
sisting of two armored cruisers, In or
der that this government may If need
be bear Its part In such measures ns It
may be necessary for the Interested na
tions to adopt for the safeguarding of
foreign lives and property In the Otto
man empire In the event that a danger
ous situation should develop.
Liberia.
As a result of the efforts of this gov
ernment to place the government of
LIberiA in position to pay its outstand
ing Indebtedness nnd to maintain a
stable and efficient government, nego
tiations for a loan of $1,700,000 have
been successfully concluded, nnd It Is
anticipated that the payment of the
old loan and the issuance of the bonds
of the 1012 loan for the rehabilitation of
the tlnnnces of Liberia will follow at
an early date, when the new receiver
ship will go Into active operation. The
new receivership will consist of a gen
eral receiver of customs designated by
the government of tho United Stntes
and three receivers of customs desig
nated by the governments of Germany,
France nnd Great Britain, which couu
fries have commercial Interests lu the
republic of Liberia, s
The Far East.
The political disturbances In China
In the niituin and winter of 1011-12
resulted in the abdication of the Man
elm rulers on Pel). 12. followed by the
formation of a provisional republican
government empowered to conduct the
affairs of the nation until a permanent
government might be regularly estab
lished. The natural sympathy of the
Americnn people witli the assumption
of republican principles by the Chinese
people was appropriately expressed .In
a concurrent resolution of congress on
April 17. 1012.
A constituent assembly, composed of
representatives duly chosen by the
people of China In the elections that
are now being held, has been called
to meet In January next to adopt a
per.nai.-.'iit e.i.'x'JMi'ion and orp.'inhu
the government oi' the nascent repub
lic. During the format ive constitutional
stage and pending definite action by
the assembly, as expressive of the
popular will, and the hoped for en tab
llslni'vnt of a stable republican form
cf government tumble, yi fuJUUiuij lis
international obligations, the United
States Is, according to precedent, main
taining full nnd friendly de facto re
lations with the provisional govern
ment. The new condition of affairs thus
created has presented many serious
and complicated problems, both of In
ternal rehabilitation and of Interna
tional relations, whose solution It was
realized would necessarily require
much time ami patience. From the
beginning of the upheaval last autumn
It was felt by the Uulted States, in
common with the other powers having
large Interests In China, that Inde
pendent action by the foreign govern
ments In their own Individual Inter
ests would add further confusion to a
situation already complicated. A pol
icy of International co-operation was
accordingly adopted in an understand
ing, readied early In the disturbances,
to act together for the protection of
the lives and property of foreigners If
menaced, to maintain an attitude of
strict Impartiality us between the con
tending factious and to abstain from
any endeavor to inllueiice the Chinese
In their organization of a new form of
government.
It was futlier mutually agreed, In
the hope of hastening nn end to hos
tilities, that none of the interested pow
ers would approve the making of loans
by its nationals to either side. As soon,
however, as a united provisional gov
ernment of China was assured, tho
United States Joined In a favorable
consideration of that government's re
quest for advances needed for Imme
diate administrative necessities aud
later for a loan to effect n permanent
national reorganization. The interested
governments had already, by common
consent, adopted. In respect to the pur
Kises. expenditure and security of any
loans to China made by their nationals,
certain conditions which were held to
bo essential, not only to' secure reason
able protection for the foreign Invest
ors, hut also to safeguard and strength
en China's credit by discouraging Indis
criminate borrowing nnd by insuring
the application of the funds toward the
establishment of the stable and effec
tive government necessary to China's
welfare.
In June Inst representative bnnklng
groups of the United States, France,
Germany. Great Britain, Japan nnd
Russia formulated, with the general
sanction of their respective govern
ments, the guaranties that would be
expected In relation to the expenditure
nnd security of the large reorganization
loan desired by China, which, however,
have thus far proved unacceptable to
the provisional government
The Cuban Situation.
The republic of Cuba Inst May was In
the throes of a lawless uprising that
for a time threatened the destruction
of a great deal of valuable property'
much of It owned by Americans and
other foreigners ns well ns the exist
ence ofy the government itself. The
armed force of Culm being inadequate
to guard properly from attack and at
the same time properly to operate
against the rebels, a force of American
rfftines was dispatched from our naval
station atGiiautauamo Into the province
of Oriente for the protection of Ameri
can and other foreign life nnd property.
The Cuban government was thus able
to use all Its forciln putting down the
outbreak, which It succeeded In doing
In a period of six weeks. The presence
of two American wu whips In the har
bor of Havana during the most crltlcnl
period of this disturbance contributed
in great measure to allay the fears of
the Inhabitants, including a large for
eign colony.
Necessity For Retention and Expan
sion of Our Foreign Trade.
It Is not possible to make to the con
gress a .communication upon the pres
ent foreign relations of the United
States so detailed as to convey an
adequate Impression of tho enormous
Increase in the Importance and activi
ties of those rehitlous. If this govern
ment Is really to preserve to the Amer
ican people that free opportunity In
foreign markets which will soon be In
dispensable to our prosperity, even
greater efforts must be made.
Conclusion.
Congress should" fully realize tho
conditions which obtain in the world
as we find ourselves at the threshold
of our middle ago ns a nation. We
have emerged full grown as a peer In
the great concourse of nations. We
have passed through various formative
periods. We have been self centered
In the struggle to develop our do
mestic questions. The nation Is now
too mature to continue in Its foreign
relations those temporary expedients
natural to n people to whom domestic
affairs are tho solo concern.
In the past our diplomacy has often
consisted, In normal times. In a mere
assertion of tho right to International
existence. We are now in a Inrger re
lation with broader rights of our own
nnd obligations to others than our
selves. A number of grent guiding
principles were Inld down enrly In the
history of this government The recent
task of our diplomacy has been to ad
just those principles to the conditions
of today, to develop their corollaries,
to find practical applications of the
old principles expanded to meet new
situations.
The opening of the Panama canal
will mark a new era in our Interna
tional life nnd create uew and world
wide conditions which, with their vast
correlations and consequences, will ob
tain for hundreds of years to come.
We must not wait for events to over
take us unawares. With continuity of
purpose we must deal with the prob
lems of our external relations by a
diplomacy modern, resourceful, mag
nanimous nnd fittingly expressive of
the high ideals of a great nation.
WILLIAM II. TAFT.
The White House, Dec. 3, 1912.