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ELM 8TRKKT, TIONB8TA, FA..
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Fore
EPTJBL
JL V O
VOL. XLV. NO. 41.
TIONESTA
, PA.,
DNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1912.
$1.00 PER ANNUM.
THE FOREST REPUBLICAN.
R
THAW
BOROUGH OFFICERS.
Burgess, J. O. Dunn.
Justices of the Peace O. A. Randall, O.
W. Clark.
Oauncumtn.J. W, Landers, J. T. Dale,
O, H. Kohinson, Win, Smearbaugh,
K. J. Hopkins, O. P. Watson, A. U.
Kelly.
Oonntable L. I,. Zuver.
CbHeotor W. H. Hood.
School Directors W. C. Iinel, J. K.
Clark, 8. M. Henry, Q. Jainieson, D. II.
Blum.
FOREST COUNTY OFFICER. S.
Member of Congress P. M. Speer.
Member of Senate J. IC. P. Hail.
Assembly W. J. Campbell.
President Judge W. 1). Hinckley.
Associate Judges Samuel Aul, Joseph
M. Morgan.
Prothonotary, Register A Beeorder, to.
-S. R. Maxwell.
Sheriff Wm, U. Hood.
Treasurer W. H. Brar.ee. '
Commissioners Wm. H. Harrison, J.
C. Boowden, II. II. MoClellan. I
District Attorney M. A. Oarrlnger.
Jury Commissioners J . B. Eden, A.M.
Moore,
Coroner Vr. M. C Kerr. .
Oouvtv Auditors George H. Warden,
A. C. Gregg and 8. V. (Shields.
County Purveyor Roy S. Braden.
. County Superintendent J . O. Carson.
Kecalar Terns ef Caart.
Fourth Monday of February.
Third Monday of May.
Fourth Monday of September.
Third Monday of November.
Regular Meetings of County Commis
sioners 1st and 3d Tuesdays of month.
Charca ana Mabaaia Heheel.
Presbyterian Sabbath School at 9:46 a,
m. t M. E. Sabbath School at 10:00 a. m.
Preaching in M. E.. Church every Sab
bath evening by Rev. W.H. Burton.
Preaching in the F. M. Church every
Sabbath evening at the usual hour. Rev.
U. A. Oarrett, Pastor.
Preaching in the Presbyterian church
every Sabbath at 11:00 a. in. and 7:30 p.
m. Rev. H. A. Bailey, Pastor.
The regular meetings of the W. C. T.
TJ. are held at the headquarters on the
second and fourth Tuesdays of each
month.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
TI . N EST A LO DU E, No. 869, T. O. O. F.
Meets every Tuesday evenirff, in Odd
Fellows' Hall, Partridge building.
GAPT. GEORQK STOW POST, No. 274
U. A. K. Meets 1st Tuesday after
noon of each month at 3 o'clock.
CAPT. GEORGE STOW CORPS, No.
137, W. R. C, meets first and third
Wednesday evening of each month.
F. RITCHEY,
ATTORN EY-AT-LAW,
Tlonesta, Pa.
MA. CARRINGER,
Attorney and- -ouosellor-at-Law.
Offloa over Fa, at County National
Bank Building, TIONESTA, PA.
CURTIS M. SHAWKEY,
ATTORNEY-AT-tiAW,
- . Warren, Pa.
Practice tn Forest Co.
AO BROWN,
ATTORN EY-AT -LA W.
Offloe in Arner Building, Cor. Elm
and Bridge St.,. Tlonesta, Pa.
FRANK 8. HUNTER, D. D. S.
Rooms over Citizens Nat. Rank,
TIONESTA, PA.
DR. F. J. BOVARD,
Physician A Surgeon,
TIONESTA, PA.
Eyes Tested and Glasses Fitted.
D
R. J. B. SIGGINS.
Physician and Surgeon,
OIL CITY, PA,
DR. M. W. EASTON,
OSTEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN,
of Oil City, Pa will visit Tionests every
Wednesday. See him at the Central
House. Setting bones and treatment of
nervous aod chronic diseases a specialty.
Oreateat success in all kluds-of cbroulo
diseases.
HOTEL WEAVER,
J. B. PIERCE, Proprietor.
Modern and up-to-date in all its ap
pointments. Every convenience aud
ooui fort provided for the traveliug public
CENTRAL HOUSE,
R. A. FU LTON, Proprietor.
Tlonseta, Pa. This is the most centrally
located hotel in the place,. and has all the
modern improvements. No pains will
be spared to make it a ploasant stopping
place for the traveling public.
pHIL. EMERT
FANCY BOOT 4 SHOEMAKER.
Shop over R. L. Haslet's grocery store
on Elm street. Is prepared to do all
Kinds of custom work from the finest to
the coarsest and guarantees his work to
give perfect satisfaction. Prompt atten
tion given to mending, aud prices rea
sonable. JAMES HASLET,
GENERAL MERCHANT.
Furniture Dealer,
AND
UNDERTAKER.
TIONESTA. PENN
No Carbon
Plenty of Power
r Save trouble and expense.
They re true Quality, not
crude, compressed gas.
rnrr tin naM luwtii n aKn.it nil
WAVERLY OIL WORKS CO.
Pittilurgn, Pa.
LAMP OILS LUBRICANTS
CHICHESTER S PILLS
W. TDK lHAMONIt HUAM. A
0
l.ftcllcnt Ank your DrucrUt f'r
i hUrbeA'ttr' Hiaitionii It rand
. fills in Kt-d ftnd Void metallic1
trs, tealH with lllue KIMioiu
Take no other. Buy of your
II r 11 IT iaf. Ask- intl M .-IIKM.T
lMAMONI HltANll IMMX for lift
yet known M Best, Salest.Alw.ys KellaM
SOLD BY DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE
TAFT SENDS IN
FINAL MESSAGE
President Sf arts With Discussion
ot Foreign Relations.
WORK DONE BY DIPLOMATS,
Recognitor! of Merit System Has Been
Beneficial Suggestions Regarding
Changes In the Tariff Laws Designed
to Aid Commerce Turkish War and
Troubles In China.
To tlio Senate and House of Repre
sentatives: TIiu foreign relntloua of the United
States actually iinil t Mit in My affect
the stiite of tlu Union to n degree not
widely realized mill hardly surpassed
by nny other factor In the welfare of
the whole natiqii. The position of tlio
United Stntes in the inonil, Intellec
tual and material relations of the fam
ily of nations should lie o matter of
vital Interest to every patriotic citi
zen. The national prosperity anil
power impose upon us duties which
we cannot shirk if we are to he true
to our Ideals.
The tremendous growth of the ex
port trade of the United States lias
already made that trade a very real
factor In the Industrial and commer
cial prosperity of the country. With
the development of our industries the
foreign commerce of the United
States must rapidly become a still
more essential factor in Its economic
welfare.
The relations of the United States
with all foreign powers remain upon
a sound hasls of peace, harmony aud
friendship. A greater insistence upon
Justice to American citizens or inter
ests wherever It may have been denied
and a stronger emphasis of the need of
mutuality in commercial and other re
rations have only served to strengthen
our friendship with foreign countries
by placing those friendships upon a
firm foundation of realities as well ns
nspiratlniis
Reorganization of State Department.
At the beginning of the present ad
ministration (he United States, having
fully entered upon Its position ns a
world power, with the responsibilities
thrust upon it by the results of the
Spanish-American war and already en
gaged in laying the groundwork of a
vast foreign trade upon which it
should one day become more and more
dependent, found itself without the
machinery for giving thorough atten
tion to and taking effective action
upon n mass of Intricate business vi
tal to American Interests in every coun
try in the world.
The department of state was nn
Archaic and inadequate machine, lack
ing most of the attributes of the for
eign ollice of nny great modem power.
With nn appropriation made upon my
recommendation by the congress on
Aug. 5. 1 ill 11), the department of state
was completely reorganized. There
were created divisions of Latin-American
affairs and of far eastern, near
pastern and western Kuropean affairs.
The law otllces of the department
were greatly strengthened. There were
added foreign trade advisers to co-operate
with the diplomatic and consular
bureaus and the politico-geographical
divisions in the Innumerable matters
where commercial diplomacy or con
sular work calls for such special
knowledge. The same oflieers, together
with the rest of the new organization,
are able nt nil times to give to Ameri
can c itizens neeurnte Information as to
conditions in foreign countries with
which they hnve business and likewise
to co-operate more effectively with the
congress and also with the other ex
ecutive departments.
Merit System In Consular and Diplo
matic Corps.
Expert knowledge and professional
training must evidently be the essence
of this reorganization. Without a train
ed foreign service there would not bo
men available for the work in the reor
ganized department of state. President
Cleveland had taken the first step to
ward Introducing the merit system in
the foreign service. That had been fol
lowed by the application of the merit
principle, with excellent results to the
entire consular branch. Almost noth
ing, however, hnd been done In this di
rection with regard to the diplomatic
service. In this nge of commercial di
plomacy It was evidently of the first
importance to train nn adequate per
sonnel In that branch of the service.
Therefore, on Nov. 20, 11)00, by an
executive order I placed the diplomatic
service up to the grade of secretary of
embassy, Inclusive, upon exactly the
tame strict nonpartisan basis of the
merit system, rigid examination for ap
pointment and promotion only for effi
ciency, as hnd been maintained with
out exception In the consular service.
Merit and Nonpartisan Character of
Appointments.
Mow faithful to the merit system
and how nonpartisan has been the con
duct of the diplomatic and consular
services in the last four years may be
Judged from the following: Three am
bassadors now serving hold their pres
ent rank at the beginning of my ad
ministration. Of the ten ambassadors
whom I have appointed five were by
promotion from the rank of minister.
Nine ministers now serving held their
present rank at the beginning of the
administration. Of the thirty ministers
whom I bave appointed, eleven were
promoted from the lower grades of the
foreign service or from the department
of state. Of the nineteen missions in
I.nllii America, where our relations are
close i mil our Interest Is great, fifteen
chiefs of mission are service men,
three having entered the service during
this administration.
The thirty-seven secretaries of em
bassy or legation who have received
their initial Appointments after passing
successfully the required examination
were chosen for ascertained fitness,
without regard to political nlllllatlons,
A dearth of candidates from southern
aud western states has alone made It
Impossllifeahus far completely to equal
ize all the states' representations in
the foreign service. In the effort to
equalize the representation of the va
rious stales In the consular service 1
have made sixteen of the twenty-nine
new appointments as consul which
have occurred during my administra
tion from the southern states. This Is
V per cent. Every other consular op
pnlutiuent made, including the promo
tion of eleven young men from the con
sular nssist'int mid student interpreter
corps, has been by promotion or trans
fer, based solely upon elllclency shown
In the service.
Larger Provision For Embassies and
Legations Recommended.
In connection with legislation for the
amelioration of the foreign service, I
wish to Invite attention to the advisa
bility of placing the salary appropria
tions upon a better basis. I believe
that the best results would be obtained
by a modern te scale of salaries, with
adequate funds for the expenses of
proper representation, based in each
case upon the scale and cost of living
nt each post, controlled by a system of
accounting and under the general di
rection of the department of state.
In line with the object which 1 hare
sought of placing our foreign service
on a basis of permanency, I hnve at
various limes advocated provision by
congress for the acquisition of govern
ment owned buildings for the residence
and otllces of our diplomatic olllcers, so
ns to place them more nearly on nn
equality with similar olllcers of other
nations mid to do away with the dis
crimination which otherwise must nec
essarily lie made in some cases In favor
of men having large private fortunes.
Diplomacy a Handmaid of Commercial
Intercourse and Peace.
The diplomacy of the present ad
ministration has sought to respond to
modern Ideas of commercial inter
course. This policy has been charac
terized ns substituting dollars for bul
lets. It is one that appeals alike to
Idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to
the dictates of sound policy mid strat
egy and . to legitimate commercial
aims. It is an effort frankly directed
to the Increase of American trade upon
the axiomatic principle that the gov
ernment of the United States shall ex
tend all proper support to every legiti
mate and beneficial American enter
prise abroad. How great have been
the results of this diplomacy, coupled
with the maximum and minimum pro
vision of the tariff law, will be seen
by some consideration of the wonder
ful Increase In the export trade of the
United Stales Because modern di
plomacy Is commercial there lias been
a disposition in some quarters to nt
ttibute to It none but materialistic
aims. How strikingly erroneous Is
such nn impression may be seeti from
a study of the results by which the
diplomacy of the United Stntes can be
Judged.
Successful Efforts la Promotion of
Peace,
In the field of work toward the Ideals
of peace this government negotiated,
but to my regret was unable to con
summate, two arbitration treaties
which set the highest mark of the
aspiration of nations toward the sub
stitution of arbitration and reason for
war in the settlement of International
disputes. Through the efforts of
American diplomacy several wars
hnve been prevented or ended. I re
fer to the successful tripartite media
tion of the Argentine Republic, Bra
zil, and the United States between
I'eru and Ecuador, the bringing of the
boundary dispute between Panama
and Costa Hlcn to peaceful arbitra
tion; the staying of warlike prepara
tions when Haiti and the Dominican
Republic were on the verge of hostil
ities; the stopping of a war in Nicara
gua; the halting of internecine strife
In Honduras.
The government of the United
States was thanked for Its inlluence
toward the restoration of amicable re
lations between the Argentine Republic
and liolivia. The diplomacy of the
United States is active In seeking to
assuage the remaining ill feeling be
tween this country and the republic of
Colombia. In the recent civil war in
China the United Stntes successfully
Joined with the other interested powers
In urging nn early cessation of hostili
ties. An agreement has been reached
lietween the governments of Chile mid
Peru whereby the celebrated Tacna
Arlca dispute, which has so long em
bittered International relations on the
west coast of South America, has nt
last been adjusted. Simultaneously
came the news that the boundary dis
pute between I'eru and Ecuador had
entered upon a stage of amicable set
tlement China.
In China the policy of encouraging
financial investment to enable that
country to help Itself has had the result
of giving new life und practical appli
cation to the open door policy. The
consistent purpose of the present ad
ministration has been to encourage the
use of American capital In the develop
ment of China by the promotion of
those essential reforms to which China
Is pledged by treaties with the United
States and other powers.
The hypothecation to foreign bankers
tn connection with certain Industrial
enterprises, such as the Hukuang rail
way , of the national revenues upon
which these reforms depended, led the
department of state early In the admin
istration to demand for American i lll
zens participation in such enterprises.
In order thut (he United Stales might
hnve equal rights and nn equal voice in
all questions pertaining to the disposi
tion of the public revenues concerned
The same policy of promoting Inter
national accord among the powers hav
ing similar treaty rlghts'us oursulves In
the matters of reform, which could not
be put into practical effect without the
common consent of all, was likewise
adopted In the case of the loan desired
by China for the reform of Its cur
rency. The principle of International
co-operation In matters of common In
terest upon which our policy had al
ready been based In nil of the above In
Jtnnces has admittedly been a great
fuel or In that concert of the powers
which has been so happily conspicuous
during the perilous period of transition
through which (he great Chinese nation
has been passing
Central America Needs Our Help In
Debt Adjustment.
In Central America the aim has been
to help such countries ns Nicaragua
and Honduras to help themselves. They
are the Immediate beneficiaries. The
national benefit to the United States is
twofold, l-'lrst. It Is obvious that the
Monroe do'-trlne is more vital In the
neighborhood of the Panama canal and
the zone of the Caribbean than any
where else There, too. the inainle
nancp of that doctrine falls mort heav
ily upon the United Slates. It Is there
fore essential that the countries within
that sphere shall be removed from the
Jeopardy Involved by heavy foreign
debt and chaotic nional finances and
from the ever priffnt danger of Inter
national complications due-to disorder
nt home. '
Hence the United States Ns been
glad to encourage and support Ameri
can bankers who were willing to lend
a helping hand to the financial re
hnbllitatlon of such countries because
this financial rehabilitation and the
protection of their custom houses from
being the prey of would be dictators
would remove at one stroke Hie .men
ace of foreign creditors and the men
ace of revolutionary disorder.
I wisli In call your espeilnl attention
to the recoil occurrences In Nicaragua,
for I believe the terrible eents re
corded there during the revolution of
the past slimmer the useless loss of
life, (he devastation of property, the
bombardment of defenseless cities, the
killing and wounding of women and
children, the torturing of noncomhut
nuts to exact contributions aud the
suffering of thousands of human be
tngs might have been averted had the
department of state, through approval
of the loan eonveutloii by the senate,
been permitted to carry out Its now
well developed policy of one mraging
the extending of financial aid to weak
Central American states with the pri
mary objects of a voiding Just Biieh
revolutions by assisting those repub
lics to rehabilitate their finances, to
establish their currency on n stable
basis, to remove the custom houses
from the danger of revolutions by nr
ranging for their secure administra
tion, and to establish reliable banks.
I wish to congratulate the olllcers
and men of the United States navy and
marine corps who took part In re-establishing
order in Nicaragua upon their
splendid conduct and to record with
sorrow the death of seven American
mnrlnes nnd bluejackets. Since the re
establishment of peace and order elec
tions have been held amid conditions of
quiet nnd tranquillity. Nearly all the
American marines have now been
withdrawn.
Our Mexican Policy,
For two years revolution and counter
revolution have distraught the neigh
boring republic of Mexico. Brigandage
has involved a great deal of depreda
tion upon foreign Interests. There nave
constantly recurred questions of ex
treme delicacy. On several occasions
very dilllcult situations have arisen on
our frontier. Throughout this trying
period the policy of the United States
has been one of patient noninterven
tion, steadfast recognition of constitut
ed authority in the neighboring na
tion and the exertion of every effort
to care for American Interests. I pro
foundly hope that the Mexican nation
may soon resume the path of order,
prosperity nnd progress.. To that na
tion In Its sore troubles the sympa
thetic friendship of the United States
has been demonstrated to a high de
gree. There were In Mexico nt the begin
ning of the revolution some 30,000 or
40.1 KM) American citizens engaged In
enterprises contributing great I; to the
prosperity of that republic nnd nlso
benefiting the Important trade between
the two countries. The Investments of
American capital In Mexico has been
estimated nt $1,0C0,000.0(M). The respon
sibility of endeavoring to safeguard
those Interests and the dangers Insep
arable f rii in propinquity to so turbulent
a situation have been great, but I am
happy to have been able to adhere to
the policy above outlined a policy
which I hope may soon be justified by
the complete success of the Mexican
people In regaining the blessings of
peace and good order.
Agricultural Credits.
A most important work accomplished
In the past year by the American dip
lomntlc officers in Europe Is the inves
tigation of the agricultural credit sys
tern in the European countries. Both
as n means to afford relief to the con
sinners of this country through n more
thorough development of agricultural
resources and us a menus of more sulll
ciently maintaining the agricultural
population, the project to establish
credit facilities for the farmers is a
concern of vital Importance to this na
tion. No evldonee of prosperity among well
established farmers should blind us to
the fact that lack of capital is prevent
ing a development of the nation's agri
cultural resources and nn adequate in
crease of the land under cultivation;
that agricultural production is fast full
ing behind the increase in population
and that. In fact, although these well
established farmers are maintained in
Increasing prosperity because of the
natural increase In population, we are
not developing the Industry of agricul
ture. Advantage of Maximum and Minimum
Tariff Provision,
Tlie importance which our manufac
tures have assumed in the commerce
of the world In competition with the
manufactures of other countries again
draws attention to the duty of this
government to use Its utmost endenv
nrn tn secure lintmrthit treatment for
American products in nil markets'.
Healthy commercial rivalry In interna
tional intercourse Is best irnired I.
the possession of -proper nrenns
protecting nnd promoting our foRign
trade. It Is natural that competitive
countries should view with some cou
8. -
cern this steady expansion of our coy;
merce. If In some Instances the mens-
ures taken by them to meet If nre not
entirely eqnltablea .remedy, should be
found.
In former messages I liye described
the negotiations of the Aypartment of
state with foreign goverlffients for the
adjustment of the maximum nnd mini
mum tariff us provided In sectiou 2 of
the tariff law of 1!I0!I. The advantnges
secured by the adjustment of our trade
relations under this law have contin
ued during the last year, and some ad
ditional cases of discriminatory treat
ment of which we had reason to com
plain have been removed. The depart
ment of state has for the first time in
the history of this country obtained
substantial most-fuvored-nutlon treat
ment from all the countries of the
world.
There are, however, other Instances
which, while. apparently not constitut
ing undue discrimination a the sense
of section 2, nre nevertheless excep
tions to the complete equity of tariff
treatment for American products that
the department of state consistently
has sought, to obtain .for American
commerce abroad.
Necessity For Supplementary Legisla
tion, These developments confirm the opin
ion conveyed to you In my annual mes
sage of 1P11. that while the maximum
nnd minimum provision of the tariff
law of l'JO'.l has-been fully justified by
the success achieved In removing pre
viously existing undue discriminations
against American products, yet experi
ence has shown that this feature of
the law should be amended in such
way as to provide a fully effective
means of meeting the varying degrees
of discriminatory treatment of Ameri
can commerce in foreign countries still
encountered, ns well as to protect
against Injurious treatment on the part
of foreign governments through either
legislative or administrative measures
the financial Interests abroad of Ameri
can citizens whoso enterprises enlarge
the market for American commodities.
I cannot too strongly recommend to
the congress the passage of some such
enabling measure as the bill which was
recommended by the secretary of state
in his loiter of Dec. 13. 1!)11. TJie ob
ject of the proposed legislation Is, In
brief, to enable the executive to nppv,
ns the case may require, to any or all
'Vepminodlllcs. whether or not on the
JIst from a country which dlscrim
liiaf .against the United States, a
gradated scale of duties up to the
maxmm of 2u per cent ad valorem
proved In the present Inv. ' .
Flat tariffs nre out of duto. Nations
no longer ncord equal tariff treatment
to nil other nations irrespective of the
treatment from them received. Such a
flexible power nt the command of the
executive would serve to moderate nny
unfavorable tendencies on the part of
those countries from which the impor
tations nito the United States nre sub
stantially confined to articles on the
free list ns well as of the countries
which find n lucrative market In the
United States for their products under
existing custom rates. It Is very neues
sary that the Amerlcnn government
should be equipped with weapons of
negotiation adopted to modern econom
ic conditions In order that we may nt
all times be In n position to gain not
only technically Just but actually equit
able treatment for our trade and also
for American enterprises nnd vested In
terests abroad.
Business Secured to Our Country by
Direct Official Effort.
As Illustrating the commercial bene
fits to the nation derived from the new
diplomacy and its effectiveness upon
the material us well as the more Ideal
side, It may be remarked that through
direct olllcial efforts alone there have
been obtained In thj course of this
administration' Contracts from foreign
governments Involving an expenditure
of .$.-(1,1)11(1.(1110 in the factories of the
Ujilted States.
It Is germane'to these observations to
remark that In the two years that have
elapsed Bluer the successful negotia
tion of our new treaty with Japan,
whlcli at the time seemed to present so
many practical dllllculties, our export
trade to that country has Increased at
the rale of over $1,000.01)0 a month.
Our exports to Japan for the year end
ed June :io. lino, were $'21,!).',!(."10,
While for the year ended June ISO, 11)12,
the exports were WIS, -178,0 Id, n net in
crease is? the sale of American prod
ucts of nearly l.M) per cent.
The net adopted .at the last session
of congress lo give effect to the fur
seal cuuventlon of July 7. 11)11, between
Urent Britain, Japan, Russia and the
United States provided for the sus
pension of all land killing of seals on
the Prlbllof Islands for a period of
five years, and nn objection has now
been presented to this provision by the
other parties In Interest, which raises
the Issue ns to whether or not this
prohibition of land killing Is Inconsist
ent with the spirit If not the letter of
thr treaty stipulations. The justifica
tion for establishing Ibis close season
depends, under the terms of the con
vention, upon how far if nt all It is
accessary for protecting nnd preserv
ing the American fur seal herd and for
Increasing Its number. This is a ques
tion requiring examination of the pres
ent condition of the herd nnd the treat
ment which It needs In the light of
actual experience and scientific Inves
tigation. Final Settlement of North Atlantio
. Fisheries Dispute.
On the 20th of July last an agree
ment was concluded between the Unit
ed States and Great Britain adopting,
with certain modifications, the rules
ti nd method of procedure recommend
ed in the award rendered by the North
Atlantic cmst fisheries arbitration trl
bunirl on Sept. 7. 1010. for the settle-
jF'iit hereafter, lu accordance with
fiie principles laid Jhwn In the award,
of (Motions arising with reference to
theMTclse of the.-Amerlcnn fishing
liberties iindar Article I of tlws treaty
of Oct. 20, 1818, between the United
Stales und Oreat Britain. This agree
ment received the approval of the isen
ufe on Aug. 1 and was formally rati
fied by the two governments on Nov. 15
last.
Opium Conference Unfortunate Fail
ure of Our Government.
In my message on foreign relations
communicated to the two houses of
congress lie?. 7, 1911, I called special
attention to the assembling of the
opium conference nt The Hague, to the
fuct that that conference was to review
ull pertinent muncipnl laws relating to
the opium nnd allied evils and certain
ly ull international rules regarding these
evils, nnd to the fact that It seemed to
me most essential that the congress
should take Immediate action on the
anti-narcotic legislation before the con
gress, to which I had previously culled
attention by n special message.
The congress) nt Us present session
should enact Into law those bills now
before it which have been so carefully
drawn tip In collaboration between the
department of state nnd the other ex
ecutive departments and which hnve
behind them not only the moral senti
ment .ttf the country, but the practical
support of nil the legltlmute trade in
terests likely to be affected. Since the
International convention was signed
adherence to It has been made by sev
eral European stntes not represented
at the conference of The Hague und
also by seventeen Latin-American re
publics. Europe an tie Near East.
The war between Italy and Turkey
came to a close In October last by the
signature of a treaty of peace, subse
quently to which the Ottoman empire
renounced sovereignty oK-r Cyrennlca
and Tripolitnuin In favor of Italy. I Hir
ing the past year the near east has un
fortunately been the theater of con
stant hostilities. Almost simultaneous
ly with the conclusion of peace be
tween Italy nnd Turkey and their nr
rlval nt nu adjustment of the complex
questions nt Issue between them, wur
broke out between Turkey on the one
hand and Bulgaria, (J recce. Montene
gro and Servlu on the other.
Vn the exercise of my duty fti the
letter 1 have dispatched to Turkish
waters n special service squadron, con
sisting of two armored cruisers, in or
der that this government may If need
be bear Its part in such measures ns It
may be necessary for the Interested na
tions to adopt for the safeguarding of
foreign lives and property in the Otto
man empire in the event that a danger
ous situation should develop.
Liberia.
As n result of the efforts of this gov
ernment to place the government of
LiheriA in position to pay its outstand
ing Indebtedness nnd to maintain a
stable and efficient government, nego
tiations for a loan of $1,700,000 have
been successfully concluded, nnd it is
anticipated that the payment of the
old loan nnd the issuance of the bonds
of the 1012 loan for the rehabilitation of
the finances of Liberia will follow at
nn early date, when the new receiver
ship will go Into active operation. The
new receivership will consist of a gen
eral receiver of customs designated by
the government of tlio United States
and three receivers of customs desig
nated by the governments of Germany.
France nnd Great Britain, which coun
tries have commercial Interests in the
republic of Liberia, s
The Far East.
The political disturbances In China
In t lie nutiitfiu nnd winter of 11)11-12
resulted In the abdication of the Man
chu rulers on Feb. 12, followed by the
formation of a provisional republican
government empowered to conduct the
affairs of the nation until a permanent
government might be regularly estab
lished. The natural sympathy of the
Amerlcnn people witli the assumption
of republican principles by the Chinese
people was appropriately expressed In
a concurrent resolution of congress on
April 17. 1!)12.
A constituent assembly, composed of
representatives duly chosen by the
people of China In the elections that
are now being held, has been called
to meet In January next to adopt n
H'f.nai..'iit c.'s'.l'utlon and orc'iid'.u
the government of the nascent repub
lic. iHirlug the format IvoconstPutio.ail
stage and pending definite in Hon hy
the assembly, as expressive of the
popular will, and the hoped for estab
lishment of a stable republican form
cf gi'vcrnintut caybli ullilliui; IU
international obligations, the United
Stntes Is, according to precedent, main
taining full nnd friendly de facto re
lations with the provisional govern
ment The new condition of affairs thus
created has presented many serious
nnd complicated problems, both of In
ternal rehubtlitntiou and of Interna
tional relations, whose solution it was
realized would necessarily require
much time and patience. From the
beginning of the upheaval Inst autumn
It was felt by the United States, In
common with the other powers having
large Interests In China, that Inde
pendent action by the foreign govern
ments In their own Individual Inter
ests would add further confusion to a
situation already complicated. A pol
icy of International co-operation was
accordingly adopted In nn understand
ing, reached early In the disturbances,
to act together for the protection of
the lives aud property of foreigners if
menaced, to maintain nn attitude of
strict Impartiality ns between the con
tending factions and to abstain from
sny endeavor to Inlluence the Chinese
in their organization of a new form of
government.
It was father mutually agreed, in
the hope of hastening nn end to hos
tilities, that none of the interested pow
ers would approve the making of loans
by its nationals to either side. As soon,
however, ns a united provisional gov
ernment of China was assured, the
United Stntes joined In a favorable
consideration of that government's re
quest for ndvnnccs needed for Imme
diate administrative necessities and
later for n loan to effect n permanent
national reorganization. The Interested
governments had already, by common
consent, adopted, in respect to the pur
Kises. expenditure and security of nny
loa us to China made by their nationals,
certain conditions which were held to
lie essential, not only to secure reason
able protection for the foreign invest
ors, but also to safeguard and strength
en China's credit by discouraging indis
criminate borrowing and by Insuring
the application of the funds toward the
establishment of the stnble nnd effec
tive government necessury to China's
welfare.
In June last representative banking
grotqis of the United Stntes, France,
Germany. Great Britain, Japan and
Russia formulated, with the general
sanction of their respective govern
ments, the guaranties that would be
expected in relation to the expenditure
nnd security of the large reorganization
loan desired by China, which, however,
have thus far proved unacceptable to
the provisional government
The Cuban Situation.
The republic of Cuba last May was In
the throes of a lawless uprising that
for n time threatened the destruction
of a great deal of valuable property
much of it owned by Americans and
other foreigners ns well ns the exist
ence off the government Itself. The
armed force of Cuba being inadequate
to guard property from attack and at
the suine time properly to operate
against the rebels, a force of American
4ff ines was dispatched from our naval
station atGiiaiituiiamo into the province
of Orients for the protection of Amerl
cnn nnd other foreign life nnd property.
The Cuban gdvernment was thus able
to use all its forcelu putting down the
outbreak, which It succeeded In doing
in n period of six weeks. The presence
of two American wawhlps In the har
bor of Havana during the most critical
period of this disturbance contributed
in great measure to liny the fears of
the inhabitants, including a large for
eign colony.
Necessity For Retention and Expan
sion of Our Foreign Trade,
It is not possilde to make to the con
gress u . communication upon the pres
ent foreign relations rtf tlio United
Stntes so detailed ns to convey nu
adequate impression of tho enormous
increase in the importance and activi
ties of those relations. If this govern
ment Is renlly to preserve to the Amer
ican people that free opportunity In
foreign markets which will soon be In
dispensable to our prosperity, even
greater efforts must be mndo.
Conclusion,
Congress should' fully realize the
conditions which obtain In tlio world
as we find ourselves at tho threshold
of our middle nge ns a nation. We
have emerged full grown as n peer In
the great concourse of nations. Wo
have passed through various formative
periods. We have been self centered
In the struggle to develop our do
mestic questions. The tuition Is now
too mature to continue In Its foreign
relations those temporary expedients
natural to n people to whom domestic
affairs are tho side concern.
In the past our diplomacy has often
consisted, in normal times, In a mere
assertion of the right to International
existence. We nre now In a larger re
lation with broader rights of our own
and obligations to others thnn our
selves. A number of great guiding
principles were laid down early In the
history of this government. The recent
tusk of our diplomacy has been to ad
just those principles to tho conditions
of today, to develop their corollaries,
to find practical applications of the
old principles expanded to meet new
sltuntlons.
The opening of the Panama canal
will mark n new era In our Interna
tional life and create new and world
wide conditions which, with their vast
correlations und consequences, will ob
tain for hundreds of years to come.
We must not wait for events to over
take us unawares. With continuity of
purpose we must deal with the prol
lems of our external relations by a
diplomacy modern, resourceful, niBjf
uaniinoiis and fittingly expressive of
the high ideals of a great nation.
WILLIAM II. TAFT.
The White House, Dec. 3, 1912.