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Published every Wednesday by
J. E. WENK.
Offioe in Smearbaugh & Wenk Building,
KLM BTllKKT, TIONKSTA, PA.
Forest Republican.
Term., 91.00 A Year, Birlctly Is Advssc.
No subscription received for a shorter
period than three months.
Correspondence solicited, but no notice
will bo taken of anonymous communica
tions. Always give your name.
VOL. XXXIX. NO. 39.
TIONESTA, PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 1906.
$1.00. PER ANNUM.
THE FOREST REPUBLICAN.
BOHOUUH OFFICERS.
v. RurgtM. J. T. CarHon.
j JuMicen uf the reaeeC. A. Handall, D,
f (Murk.
Hneumen.3. B. M line, J. W. Lan-
Yf!. A. r.miHiin. Geo. lloloman. (i. I ,
'.m. Win. fSinoarbaugh, K. W.
.. vaVe-W. II. Hood.
Mtor W. H. Hood.
loot Director J. O. Scowden, T.
KItoheyjS. M. Henry, Dr. J.C.Dunn,
... Jauilesoti, J. J. Landers.
FORESf COUNTY OFFICKR.S.
Afemberof Contrets Joseph C. Sibloy.
Member of fienateJ. K. P. Hall.
Aenembly J. II. Robertson.
iVidn( Judge W. M. Undsey.
oiu Judget 1'. X. Kroitler, P.
C. Hill.
VofAonoiary, ReglMerdt Recorder, ,
J. 0. ilHt.
tiheriff.., W. Ktroiip.
'yVewuw W. H. Harrison.
Cbmiii-iionet- Leonard Agnew, An
drew Wolf, liiilio Kuiert.
District A UorneyH. I). Irwin.
Jury Conmi,iionerS. U. Kden, J.
P. Cannier,
Coroner v
Ctounr.v Audttart W. II. Stiles, K.L.
Ilaugli, M. T. Carson.
CuuUV A'ltrtirtor-D. W. Cltrk.
Ctounty -Superintendent U. w- M)rr1'
son,
Keculnr Ternia mt Court.
Fourth Monday of February.
Third Monday of May.
Fourth Monday of Heptemlier.
Third Monday of November.
Regular Meeting of County Commis
sioners 181 auu an iuosoays ui in,
Cburrh and Mubbnlh Mrhool.
' Presbyterian Sabbath School at9:-t5 a.
ui, : M. K. Sabbath School at 10:00 a. m.
Preaching in M. K. Church every Hab
bsth evening by Kov. W. O. Calhoun.
Preaehlug in the F. M. Church every
Sabbath evening at the usual hour. Rev.
U. D. Call, Pastor;
The regular meetings of the W. C. T.
U. are held at the hoadquarters on the
' second and fourtn Tuesdays of each
month.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
'TU'.NESTA LOIHiK, No. 369, 1. 0. 0. F.
1 M et every Tuesday evening, in Odd
Fellows' Hall, Partridge building.
CA PT. G KOR 1 E STOW POST, No. 274
U. A, R. Meets 1st and 3d Monday
evening in each month.
CAPT. GEORGE STOW CORPS, No.
137, W. R. C. meets first and third
Wednesday evening of each mouth.
KARL K. WENK,
DENTIST.
TIONESTA, PA.
All work guaranteed. Rooms over
Forest County National Hank.
D
R. ROSS PORTER.
DENTIST.
Formerly of Marten vllle.
a Street. OIL, CITY, PA,
34 Seneca
RITCHEY CARRINGKR.
ATTORN KYS-AT-LAW.
Tionesta, Pa.
CURTIS M. SIIAWKEY,
ATTORN EY-AT- LA W,
Warren, Pa.
Practice in Forest Co.
AC BROWN,
ATTORN EY-AT-LAW.
Otlice in Arner Building, Cor. Elm
and lirldge Sts., Tionesta, Pa.
D
R. F.J. BOVARD,
Physician A Surgeon,
TIONESTA, PA.
DR. J. C. DUNN,
PHYHIOIAN AND SURGEON,
and DRUGGIST. OlUce over store,
Tionesia, Pa. Professional calls prompt
ly responded to at all hours of day or
night. Rosidonce Elm St., between
Grove's grocery and Gerow's restaurant.
D
R. J. B. SIGGINS.
Physician and Surgeon,
OIL CITY, PA.
HE. KIRSCflNKR, M. D.
Practice limited to diseases of the
Lungs and Chest. Olllce hours by ap
pointment on'v,
OIL CITY, PA. No. 116 CENTER 8T.
IJ W. BOLTON, M. D.
J. Practice limited to diseases of the
Eyes, Ears, Note and Throat. Special
attention givon to the fitting of glasses.
Olllce hours 9-12 a. in., 15 p. m.,7-8p. m.
OIL CITY, PA. No. 116 CENTEk ST.
HOTEL WEAVER,
K. A. WEAVER. Proprietor.
This hotel, formerly the Lawrence
House, has undergone a complete change,
aud is now furnished with all the mod
ern improvements. Heated and lighted
throughout witli natural gas, bathrooms,
hot and cold water, etc. The comforts ol
' guests never'neglectod.
CENTRAL HOUSE,
GEROW A GEROW Proprietor,
'i'ionsela, Pa. This Is the mosteentratly
located hotel in the place, and has all the
modern improvements. No pains will
be spared to make It a pleasant stopping
place for the traveling public First
class Liverv in connection.
pHIL. MM ERT
FANCY BOOT A SHOEMAKER.
Shop in Walters building, Cor. Elm
and V alnut streets, Is prepared to do all
Kinds of custom work from the II nest to
the coarsest and guarantees his work to
, give perfoct satisfaction. Prompt atten-
lion igiveu to mending, and prices rea
sonable. KAILWAY.
PIIMIE TABLE
To Take Effect July 1st, 1805.
jr
iTH Eastern Time SOUTH
T, i- StaTions 2 T
a. m Leave Arrive p,m.;p.m
7 00 Nebraska 16 30
1 20 Ross Run ' 05
' 25 Lamentation 0 00
' 30 Newtown Mills Ti 55
45 Kellettville 12 tW 5 45
55 Buck Mills 11 60 5 35
IK) Mayburg 11 40 5 25
10 Porkey 11 205 15
15 Minister 11 15:5 10
20 Wellers U 05 5 05
- 30 Hastings 10 55i4 55
40 Blue Jay 10 45:4 45
50 Henry's Mill 10 3014 35
05 Barnes 10 10'4 20
20 Shoflield 10 004 15
in Arrive Leave a. m.lp.m
T. D. COLLINS, Pbesidknt.
E
President Roosevelt In his annual
messiigo ngulu urges the ennctnietit of
a law prohibiting corporations from
contributing to campaign funds. He
nlso urges the passage of the measure
conferring upon tho government the
right of appeal In criminal cases on
questions of law. Continuing, the
president says:
I cunoot too strongly urge the pas
sago of the bill in question. A failure
to pass It will result In seriously hani-
perlng the government In Its effort to
obtain Justice, especially against
wealthy Individuals or corporations
who do wrong, und may nlso prevent
the government from obtaining Justice
for wageworkers who are not them'
selves able effectively to contest a case
where the Judgment of on Inferior
court lias been agulnst them. I have
specifically lu view fl recent decision
by a district Judge leaving railway
employees without remedy for viola
tion of a certain so culled labor statute.
Tho Importance of euactlng Into law
the particular bill In question Is fur
ther Increased by the fact that the gov
ernment has now definitely begun a
policy of resorting to the criminal law
in those trust and Interstate commerce
cases where such n course offers a rea
sonuble chupce of success.
Proper lie of Injunction.
In my lust message I suggested the
enactment of tt law In connection wltll
the Issuance of Injunctions, attention
having been sharply drawn to the mat
ter by the demand that the right of ap
plying Injunctions lu labor cases
should be wholly abolished. It Is at
least doubtful whether a law abolish
ing altogether the use of Injunctions
lu such enscs would stand the test of
the courts, In which case, of course, the
legislation would be Ineffective. More
over, I believe It would be wrong alto
gether to prohibit the use of Injunc
tions. It Is criminal to permit sym
pathy for criminals to weaken our
hands In upholding the law, and If
men seek to destroy life or property
by mob violence there should be no Im
pairment of the power of the courts to
deal with them In the most summary
and effective way possible. But so
far as possible the abuse of the power
should be provided against by some
such law as I advocated last jear.
Ajralnst Lynching.
I call your attention aud the atten
tion of the nation to the prevalence of
crlmo anions us and, above all, to tho
epidemic or lynching and mob violence
that spriugs up now In one part of our
country, now lu another. Each sec
tion, north, south, east or west, has
It'r own faults. No section can with
wisdom spend Its time Jeering at tho
faults of another section. It should bo
busy trying to amend Its own short
comings. To deal with the crime of
corruption It Is necessary to have an
awakened public conscience aud to
supplement this by whatever legisla
tion will add speed and certainty In
tho execution of the law. When we
deal with lynching even more Is neces
sary. A great many white men are
lynched, but the crime Is peculiarly
frequent In respect to black men. The
greatest existing cause of lynching Is
the perpetration, especially by black
men, of the hideous crime of rape, the
most abomiuablo In all the category
of crimes, even worse than murder.
Lawlessl ss grows by what It feeds
upon, and', when mobs beglu to lynch
for rape they epeedily extend the
sphere of their operations and lynch
for mnny other kinds of crimes, so thot
two-thirds of the lynchlngs are not
for rape ot all, whllo a considerable
proportion of the Individuals lynched
ore Innocent of all crime.
There Is but one safe rule in dealing
with black men as with white men.
It Is the same rule that must be ap
plied in dealing with rich men and
poor men that Is, to treat each man,
whatever his color, his creed or bis so
cial position, with even handed Justice
on his real worth us a man. White
people owe It quite ns much to them
selves as to tho colored race to treat
well the colored man who shows by
his life that he deserves such treatment.
There Is ho question of social equality
or negro domination Involved.'
In my Judgment, the crime of rape
should nlways be punished with death,
as Is tho case with murder. Assault
with Intent to commit rape should be
made a capital crime, at least in the
discretion of the court, aud provision
should be made by which the punish
ment may follow Immediately upon
the heels of tho offense.
No more shortsighted policy can be
Imagined than lu the fancied Interest
of one class to prevent the education
of another class. The white man, If
he Is wise, will decline to allow tho
negroes in a muss to grow to niun
Bood and womanhood without educa
tion. "l'reui-lieri of Mere DIfK-ontent."
In dealing with both labor and cap
ital, with the questions affecting both
corporations and trades unions, there
is one matter more Important to re
member than ought else, aud that Is
the infinite harm done by preachers of
mere discontent. Those are the men
who seek to excite a violent class ha
tred against nil men of wealth. They
seek to turn wise and proper move
ments for the bettor control of corpora
tions nnd for doing away with the
abuses connected with wealth Into n
campaign of hysterical excitement and
falsehood In which the aim is to In
flame 'to madness the brutal passions
of mankind. Tho sinister demagogues
and foolish vlsionnrles who are always
eager to undertake such a campaign
of destruction sometimes seek to as
sociate themselves with those workins
for a genuine reform in governmental
and social methods and sometimes mas
querade as such reformers. In reality
PRESIDEN
MESSAG
they are the worst enemies of the
cause they profess to advocate, Just as
the purveyors of sensational slander In
newspaper or magazine are the worst
enemies of all men who are engaged In
an honest effort to better what is bad
In our social and governmental condi
tions.
Corruption Is never so rife as In com
munltlcs where the demagogue and the
agitator bear full sway, because lu
such communities all moral bunds be
come loosened, and hysteria and sensa-
tlouallsm replace the spirit of sound
Judgment and fair dealing as between
man and man. In sheer revolt against
the squalid anarchy thus produced men
nre sure In the end to turn toward any
leader who can restore order, and then
their relief at being free from the In
tolerable burdens of class hatred, vio
lence und demagogy Is such that they
cannot for some time be aroused to In
dlgimtion against misdeeds by men of
wealth, so that they permit a new
growth of the very abuses which were
In part responsible for the original out
break. The one hope for success for
our people lies In a resolute and fear
less but sane and cool headed advance
along the path marked out last year
by this very congress. There must be
a stern refusal to be misled Into fol
lowing either that base creature who
appeals and panders to the lowest In
stincts aud passions In order to arouse
one set of Americans against their fel
lows or that other creature, equally
base, but no baser, who In a spirit of
greed or to accumulate or add to au
already huge fortune seeks to exploit
his fellow Americans with callous dls
regard to their welfare of soul and
body. The man who debauches others
In order to obtain a high oflice stands
on an evil equality of corruption with
the man who debauches others for
financial profit, nnd when hatred Is
sown the crop which springs up can
only bo evil.
The plain people who think the me
chanics, farmers, merchants, workers
with head or hand, the men to whom
American traditions are dear, who love
their country and try to act decently
by their neighbors owe It to them
selves to remember that the most dam
nglng blow that can be given popular
government Is to elect an unworthy
nnd sinister agitator on a platform of
violence and hypocrisy.
Rutlroail Employee' Ilonra.
I coll your ottention to the need of
passing the bill limiting the number of
hours of employment of railroad em
ployees. The measure Is a very moder
ate one, nnd I can conceive of no seri
ous objection to It. Indeed, so far as
It Is lu our power. It should be our aim
steadily to reduce the number of hours
of labor, with as a goal the general In
troduction of an eight hour day. There
nre Industries In which It Is not pos
sible that the hours of labor should
be reduced, Just as there nre communi
ties not far enough advanced for such
a movement to bo for their good, or, if
In the tropics, so situated that there Is
no analogy between their needs and
ours In this matter. On the Isthmus
of ranama, for Instance, the condi
tions are lu every way so different
from what they are here that an eight
hour day would be absurd, Just ns It
Is absurd, so far as the Isthmus Is con
cerned, where white labor cannot be
employed, to bother as to whether the
necessary work Is done by alien black
men or by alien yellow men. But the
wageworkers of the United States are
of so high a grade that alike from the
merely Industrial standpoint and from
the civic standpoint It should be our
object to do what we can in the direc
tion of securing the general observance
of nn eight hour day.
Let me ngnln urge that the congress
provide for n thorough Investigation
of the conditions of child labor nnd of
the labor of women In the United
States. The horrors Incident to tho
employment of young children In fac
tories or at work anywhere are a blot
on our civilization.
In spite of nil precautions exercised
by cqiploycrs there nre unavoidable ac
cidents and even deaths Involved In
nearly every line of business connect
ed with the mechanic arts. It Is a
great social Injustice to compel the em
ployee, or, rather, the family of the
killed or disabled victim, to bear the
entire burden of Buch an Inevitable
sacrifice. In other words, society shirks
Its duty by laying the wholo cost on
tho victim, wh(nas the Injury comes
from what nn' be jailed the legiti
mate risks of the trade. Compensation
for accidents or deaths due In any lino
of Industry to the actual conditions un
der which that Industry Is carried on
should be paid by that portion of the
community for the benefit of which
the Industry Is carried on that Is, by
those who profit by the Industry. If
the entire trade risk is placed upon the
employer, he will promptly and prop
erly odd It to the legitimate cost of pro
duction and assess It proportionately
upon the consumers of his commodity.
It Is therefore clear to my mind that
the law should place this entire "risk
of a trude" upon the employer.
Capital and Labor DlNpnten.
Records show that during the twen
ty years from Jan. 1. 1881, to Dec. 31,
1000, there were strikes affecting 117,
D00 establishments, and G,l05,G!4 em
ployees were thrown out of employ
ment. During the same period there
wore 1.0U3 lockouts, Involving nearly
10,000 establishments, throwing over
1,000,000 people out of employment.
These strikes and lockouts Involved au
estimated loss to employees of $307,-
000.000 and to emplojers of $143,000,-
000, a total of $150,000,000. The public
suffered directly and Indirectly prob
ably as great additional loss.
Many of these strikes und lockouts
would not have occurred had the par
ties to the dispute been required to
appear before nn unprejudiced body
representing the nation and. face to
face. Rtnte the reasons for their con
tention. The exercise of a Judicial
spirit by a disinterested body repre
senting tho federal government, suet
as would be provided by a commission
on conciliation nnd arbitration, would
tend to create an atmosphere of friend
liness aud conciliation between con
tending parties.
Control of Corporations.
It cannot too often be repeated thai
experience has conclusively shown the
impossibility of securing by the actions
of nearly half a hundred different state
legislatures anything but Ineffective
chaos In the way of dealing with the
great corporations which do not oper
ate exclusively within the limits ol
any one state. Iu some method, wbeth
er by a nutional license law or In othei
fashion, we must exercise, and that nt
nn early date, a far more complete
control than at present over these greal
corporations a control that will, among
other things, prevent the evils of ex
cesslve overcapitalization and that wili
compel the disclosure by each big cor
poratiou of Its stockholders and of its
properties nnd business, whether own
ed directly or through subsidiary oi
affiliated corporations. This will tend
to put a stop to the securing of Inor
dinate profits by favored Individuals al
the expense whether of the general
public, the stockholders or the wage
workers. Oilr effot should be not sc
much to prevent consolidation as such
but so to supervise and control It ns
to see that it results in no harm to the
people.
Combination of capital, like combina
tion of labor, is a necessnry element ol
our present Industrial system. It Is
not possible completely to prevent It,
and If it were possible such complete
prevention would do damage to the
body politic. What we need Is not
vainly to try to prevent all combina
tion, but to secure such rigorous and
adequate control and supervision of
the combinations as to prevent theli
Injuring the public or existing In such
form as Inevltubiy to threaten Injury
for the mere fact that a combination
has secured practically complete con
trol of a necessary of life would uudet
any circumstances show that such
combination was to be presumed to be
adverse to the public interest. It Is
unfortunate that our present laws
should forbid all combinations Instead
of sharply discriminating between
those combinations which do good and
those combinations which do evil. Re
bates, for Instance, are as often due to
the pressuiw of big shippers (as was
shown iu the investigation of the
Standard Oil company and us has been
shown since by the Investigation of
the tohaecj und sugar trusts) as to the
Initiative of big railroads. Often rail
roads would like to combine for the
purpose of preventing a big shipper
from maintaining Improper advantages
at the expense of small shippers aud
of the general public. Such a combiua
tion, Instead of being forbidden by law,
should be favored. In other words, It
should be permitted to railroads to
make agreements, provided these agree
ments were sanctioned by the Inter
state commerce commission and were
published. With these two conditions
compiled with It Is impossible to see
what hnrm such a combination could
do to the public at large.
Inheritance and Income Tax.
The national government has long
derived Its chief revenue from a tariff
on imports and from nil Internal or ex
cise tax. Iu addition to these, there is
every reason why, when next our sys
tem of taxation Is revised, the national
government should Impose a graduated
Inheritance tax and, if possible, a grad
uated Income tax.
I am well aware that such a subject
as this needs long and careful study In
order that tho people may become fa
miliar with what Is proposed to be
done, may clearly see the necessity of
proceeding with wisdom and self re
straint aud may make up their minds
Just how far they are willing to go in
the matter, while only trained legisla
tors can work out the project In neces
sary detail. But I feel that lu the near
future our national legislators should
enact a law providing for a graduated
Inheritance tux by whieh a steadily In
creasing rnto of duty should bo put
upon all moneys or other valuables
coming by gift, bequest or devise to
any Individual or corporation. There
can be no question of the ethical pro
priety of the government thus deter
mining the conditions upon which any
gift or Inheritance should be received.
As the law now stands It Is undoubt
edly difficult to devise a national In
come tax which shall be constitutional.
But whether It is absolutely Impossible
Is another question, and if possible It
Is most certainly desirable. The first
purely Income tax law was passed by
the congress in 1801, but tho most im
portant law dealing with the subject
was that of 1804. This the court held
to be unconstitutional,
Tho question Is undoubtedly very In
tricate, delicate und troublesome. The
decision of tho court was only reached
by one majority. It Is the law of the
land nnd of course is accepted ns such
and loyally obeyed by all good citizens.
Nevertheless tho hesitation evidently
felt by the court ns a wholo In coming
to a conclusion, when considered to
gether with previous decisions on th
subject, may perhaps Indicate the pos
sibility of devising a constitutional In
come tax law whieh shall substantially
accomplish the results aimed at. The
difficulty of amending the constitution
Is so great that only real necessity can
Justify n resort thereto. Every effort
should be made In dealing with this
subject, us with the subject of the
proper control by the national govern
ment over the use of corporate wealth
In Interstate business, to devise legis
lation which without such action shall
attain the desired end, but If this fails
there will ultimately be no alternative
to a constitutional amendment.
IndoMtrlal Trnlnlnjc.
Our Industrial development depends
largely upon tect-- -il education, In-
eluding In tills term all Industrial edu
cation, from that which fits a man to
be a good mechanic, a good carpenter
or blacksmith to that which fits a man
to do the greatest engineering feat,
Tbe skilled mechanic, the skilled work
man, can best become such by tech
nlcal Industrial education. The far
reaching usefulness of Institutes of
technology and schools of mines or of
engineering Is now universally ac
knowledged, and no less far reaching
Is the effect of n good building or me
chanical trades school, a textile or
watchmaking or engraving school.
In every possible way we should help
the wngeworker who toils with his
hands and who must (we hope in a
constantly increasing measure) also
toll with his brnln. Under the const! til
tlon the national legislature can do but
little of direct Importance for his wel
fare save where be 13 engaged In work
which permits it to act under the In
terstate commerce clause of the consti
tution, and this Is one reason why I
so earnestly hope thnt both the legis
lative and Judicial branches of the gov
eminent will construe this clause of
the constitution In the broadest possi
ble manner.
The Farmer.
The only other persons whose wel
fare Is as vital to the welfare of the
whole country ns Is the welfare of the
wageworkers are the tillers of the soil,
the farmers.
Several factors must co-operate In
the Improvement of the farmer's con
dltlon. He must hove the chance to
be educated In the widest possible
sense, In the sense which keeps ever In
view the Intimate relationship between
the theory of education and the facts
of life.
Organization has become necessary
In the business world, and It has ac
complished much for good In the world
of labor. It is no less necessary for
farmers. Such a movement ns the
grange movement Is good In Itself and
Is capable of a well nigh Infinite fur
ther extension for good so long ns It Is
kept to Its own legitimate business,
The benefits to bo derived by the as
sociation of farmers for mutual ad
vantage are partly economic and part
ly sociological.
Irrigation and Forest Preservation.
Much Is now being done for the
states of the Rocky mountains and
great plains through the development
of the national policy of Irrigation and
forest preservation. No government
policy for the betterment of our Inter
nal conditions has been more fruitful
of good than this.
Divorce LeRifilatlon.
I am well aware of how difficult It Is
to pass a constitutional amendment.
Nevertheless, In my judgment, the
wholo question of marriage and di
vorce should be relegated to the au
thority of tho national congress. The
change would be good from every
standpoint. In particular It would be
good because It would confer on the
congress the power at once to deal
radically and efficiently with polygamy,
and this should be done whether or
not marriage and divorce are dealt
with. It is neither safe nor proper to
leave the question of polygamy to bo
dealt with by the several states.
Merrhnnt Marine.
Let mo once again call the attention
of the congress to two subjects con
cerning which I have frequently be
fore communicated with them. One Is
the question of developing American
shipping. I trust that a law embody
ing In substance the views or a major
part of the views expressed In the re
port on this subject laid 'efore tho
house at Its last session will be passed.
It seems to me that the proposed meas
ure Is as nearly unobjectionable as any
can be.
The Currency.
I especially call your attention to the
second subject, the condition of .our
currency laws. The national bank net
has nbly served a great purpose In aid
ing the enormous business develop
ment of the country, and within ton
years there has been an Increase In
circulation per capita from $21.41 to
$.13.03. For several years evidence has
been accumulating thnt additional leg
islation Is needed. The recurrence of
each crop season emphasizes the de
fects of tho present laws. There must
Boon be "n revision of them, becuuso
to leave them as they are means to In
cur liability of business disaster. Since
your body adjourned there has been a
fluctuation in the Interest on call
money from 2 per cent to 30 per ceut.
and the fluctuation was even greater
during the preceding six months. The
secretary of the treasury had to step
In and by wise action put a stop to the
most violent period of oscillation.
I do not press any especial plun. Va
rious plans huvo recently been pro
posed by expert committees of bank
ers. Among the plans which nre possi
bly feasible und which certainly should
receive your consideration Is thut re
peatedly brought to your attention by
tho present secretary of the treasury,
the essential features of whieh have
been approved by many prominent
bankers nnd business men. According
to this plan, national banks should be
permitted to issue a specified' propor
tion of their capital in notes of n given
kind, tho Issue to lie taxed nt so high
a rate ns to drive tho notes back when
not wanted In legitimate trade. This
plan would not permit the Issue of
currency to glvo banks additional prof
Its, but to meet the emergency present
ed by times of stringency.
I do not say that this Is the right sys
tern. I only advance It to emphasize
my belli thut there is need for the
adoption of some system which shall
he automatic and open to nil sound
banks su ns to avoid ail possibility of
discrimination and favoritism.
Tho law should be amended so r.s
specifically to provide that the funds
derived from customs duties may be
treated oj tbe secretary of the treiH-
nry as he treats funds obtained under
Uw Internal revenue laws. There
should bo a considerable Increase hi
bills of small denominations. Permis
sion should bo given banks, If necessa
ry under settled restrictions, to retire
their circulation to a larger amount
than three millions a month.
Oar Ontlylnir Possession.
I most earnestly hope thnt the bill to
provide a lower tariff for or else abso
lute free trade lu Philippine products
will become a law. Xo harm will come
to any American Industry, and, while
there will be some small but real mate
rial benefit to the Filipinos, the mnln
benefit will come by the showing made
as to our purpose to do all In our power
Tor their welfare.
Porto Ilican Affairs,
American citizenship should be con
ferred on tho citizens of Porto Itico.
The harbor of San Juan, In Torto Bico,
should be dredged and Improved. The
expeuses of the federal court of Porto
Klco should be met from the federal
treasury.
Han-all.
The needs of Hawaii are peculiar.
Every aid should be given the Islands,
and our efforts should be unceasing to
develop them along the lines of a com
munity of small freeholders, not of
great planters with cooly tilled es
tates. Alaska.
Alaska's needs have been partially
met. but there must be a complete re
organization ot the governmental sys
tem, as I have before Indicated to you.
I ask your especial attention to this.
Our fellow citizens who dwell on the
shores of Puget sound with character
istic energy nre arranging to hold In
Seattle the Alaska-Yukon-rnclflc ex
position. This exposition In Its pur
poses nnd scope should appeal not only
to the people of the Pacific slope, but
to the people of the t'nlted States at
large.
RiKUts of Aliens.
Not only must we treat all nations
fairly, but we must treat with Justice
and good will all immigrants who come
here under the law. Whether they are
Catholic or Protestant, Jew or gentile,
whether they come from England or
Germany. Ilussin, Japan or Italy, mat
ters liothlni;. All we have a right to
question Is the man's conduct. If ho
Is honest and upright In his dealings
with his neighbor nud with the state,
then he Is entitled to respect and good
treatmcut. Especially do we need to
remember our duty to the stranger
within our gates. It is the sure mark
of a low civilization, a low morality, to
abuse or discriminate against or In any
way humiliate such stranger who has
come here lawfully and who is con
ducting himself properly. To remem
ber this is Incumbent on every Amer
ican citizen, nnd It Is of course pecul
iarly Incumbent on every government
officlnl, whether of the nation or of
the several states.
I am prompted to say this by the
attitude of hostility here and there as
sumed toward tho Japanese in this
country. This hostility Is sporadic aud
Is limited to n very few places. Never
theless It is most discreditable to us
as a people, and It may be fraught
with the gravest consequences to the
nation.
I ask fair treatment for the Japanese
as I would nsk fair treatment for Ger
mans or Englishmen, Frenchmen, Itus
slnns or Italians. I nsk it as duo to
humanity nnd civilization. I osk it ns
due to ourselves, because we must net
uprightly toward all men. I recom
mend to the congress that an act be
passed specifically providing for tho
naturalization of Japanese who come
here Intending to become American cit
izens. One of the great embarrass
ments attending the performance of
our international obligations Is tho
fact that the statutes of the Vnitod
States are entirely Inadequate. They
fail to give to the national government
sufficiently ample power, through Unit
ed States coujts and by the use of tho
army and navy, to protect aliens lu tl"
rights secured to them under solemn
treaties which are the law of the hind.
I therefore earnestly recommend that
the criminal nnd civil statutes of tho
United States bo so amended and udd
ed to as to enable tho president, acting
for the United States government,
which Is responsible In our Interna
tional relations, to enforce the rights
of aliens under treaties.
The ( nlinn Mutter.
Lost August an Insurrection broke
out In Cuba which It speedily grew evi
dent that the existing Cuban govern
ment -was powerless to quell. Thanks
to the preparedness of our navy, I
was able immediately to send enough
ships to Cuba to prevent tho situation
from becoming hopeless, and I fur
thermore dispatched to Culm the sec
retary of war and tho assistant secre
tary of state In order that they might
grapple with the situation on the
ground.
Iu accordance with the so called
I'latt amendment, which was embod
ied in the constitution of Culm, I there
upon proclaimed a provisional govern
ment for the island, the secretary of
war acting as provisional governor un
til ho could be replaced by Mr. Magoou,
the late minister to Panama nnd gov
ernor of the canal zone on the Isthmus.
Troops were sent to support them and
to relieve the linvy, the expedition be
ing handled with most satisfactory
sliced and efficiency. I Voce has come
in tlie island, mid the harvesting of the
sugar cano crop, the great crop of tho
Island, Is about to proceed. When the
election has been held and tho new
government Inaugurated in peaceful
nnd orderly fashion tho provisional
government will come to uu end.
The United Slates wishes nothing of
Cuba except that It shall prosper mor
ally and materially nnd wishes nothing
of the Cubans save that they shall be
able to preserve order among them
selves und therefore to preserve their
Independence. If the elections become
a furce and If the Insurrectionary habit
becomes confirmed on the Island It is
absolutely out of the question that the
Island should continue Independent,
and the United States, which has as
sumed the sponsorship before the civ
ilized world for Cuba's career as a na
tion, would again have to intervene
ami to see that the government was
managed in bucIi orderly fashion as to
secure the safety of life and property.
The nto Conference.
The second International conference
of American republics, held lu Mexi
co In the years 1901-02, provided for
the holding of the third conference
within five years and committed the
fixing of the time and place and the
arrangements for the conference to the
governing board of the bureau of
American republics, composed of the
representatives of nil the American
nations in . Washington. That board
discharged the duty imposed upon
It with marked fidelity nnd pains
taking cure, and upon the courteous
Invitation of the United States of Bra
zil the conference was held at Rio de
Janeiro, continuing from the 23d of
July to the 20th of August last. Many
subjects of common Interest to all tbe
America a nations were discussed by
the conference, and the conclusions
reached, embodied In a series of reso
lutions nnd proposed conventions, will
bo laid before you upon the coming of
the final report of the American dele
gates. I'anama Trip.
I have Just returned from a trip to
rnnnma and shall report to you at
length later on the whole subject of the
Panama canal.
The Alicci-lras Convention.
The Algeeirns convention, which was
Blgned by the United States as well as
by most of the powers of Europe, su
persedes the previous convention of
1880, which was nlso signed both by
the United States aud a majority of
tho European powers. This treaty
confers upon us equal commercial
rights with all European countries and
does not entail n single obligation of
any kind upon us, and I earnestly hope
It may be speedily ratified.
Sealing.
The destruction of the Trlbilof Is
land fur seals by pelagic sealing still
continues. Tho herd, which, according
to the surve y made In 1.87-1 by direc
tion of the congress, numbered 4,700,
000, nnd which, according to the sur
vey of both American and Canadian
commissioners In 1801, amounted to
1,000,000, has now been reduced to
about 180.000. This result has been
brought about by Canadian nnd some
other sealing vessels killing the female
seals while In the wnter during their
annual pilgrimage to nnd from the
south or in search of food.
The process of destruction has been
accelerated during recent yenrs by the
appearance of n number of Japanese
vessels engaged In pelagic sealing.
Suitable representations regarding
the Incident have leeu made to the
government of Japan, aud we are as
sured that all practicable measures will
be taken by that country to prevent
nny recurrence of the outrage.
We have not relaxed our efforts to
secure an ngreement with Great Brit
ain for adequate protection of the seal
herd, and negotiations with Japan for
the sumo purpose are In progress.
The laws for the protection of the
seals within tho jurisdiction of tho
United States need revision and
amendment.
Second limine Conference.
Ill my last message I advised you
that the emperor of Ilussia hud taken
the Initiative In bringing about a sec
ond peace conference at The Hague.
Uuiler tho guidance of Russia the ar
rangement of the preliminaries for
such n conference has been progressing
during the past year. Progress has
necessarily been slow, owing to tho
great number of countries to be con
sulted upon every question that has
arisen. It Is n mutter of satisfaction
that ail of the American republics have
now, for tin first time, been Invited to
join In tho proposed conference.
Army nnd Nary.
It must ever be kept lu mind thut
war l. not merely justifiable, but Im
perative upon honorable men, upon au
honorable nation, wliero peace can
only lie obtained by tho sacrifice of
conscientious conviction or of national
welfare.
The United States navy is the surest
guarantor of peace which this country
possesses. I do not usk that we con
tinue to Increase our navy. I ask
merely that It be maintained at Its
present strength, und this ca bo dono
only If we replace the ohsolefo nnd out
worn ships by new nnd good ones, the
equals of uny afloat In any navy. To
Hop building ships for one year means
that for thnt year the navy goes back
Instead of forward.
In both the army and the navy there
is urgent need that everything possible
should be liouu to maintain the hlglieat
standard for the personnel alike as re
gards the officers und the enlisted men.
I do not believe that in any service
there Is n finer body of enlisted men
and of junior officers than we have In
both the army and the navy, Including
the marine corps.
West Point and Annapolis already
turn out excellent officers. We do not
need to have these schools made more
scholastic. Ou the contrary, we should
never lose sight of the fact that tho
niui of each school is to turn out a
man who shall bo above everything
else a fighting man.
There should soon bo uu Increase In
the number of men for our coast de
fenses. These men should be of tho
riyht type nnd properly trained, und
there should therefore be an Increase
of pay for certain skilled grades, espe
cially in the const artillery. Money
should be appropriated to penult troops
to be massed in body and exercised iu
maneuvers, particularly In marching-