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THE FOREST REPUBLICAN
Published every Wednesday by
J.'E. WENK.
Offioe in Smearbaugh & Wenk Building,
KLM BTKKBT, TlONItBTA, VA..
Forest Republican.
Terms, 91.00 A Year, Htrlctljr IiAItum.
No subscription received for a shorter
period than three months.
Correspondence solicited, but no notloe
i ill bo taken of anonymous ootnmunica
llona. Always give your name.
VOL. XXXVI; NO. 39.
TIONESTA, PA;, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 7, 1904.
.00. PER ANNUM.
BOROUGH OFFICERS.
Huigess. V. R. Lanson.
CouHCttwien. Dr. J. C. Dunn, J. B.
M use, C. K. Weaver, J. W. Landers, J.
T. Oalo. W. F Klllmer, C. A. Lauson.
Jmtieei vf the react C. A. Kandall, 8.
J. Hetley.
Oonstable-S. R. Maxwell.
Collector S. J. Setley.
tictoot Directors LH Fulton. J. O.
Honwdmi, R. L. Haslet. E. W Bowman,
T. V. Rltohey, A. C. Brown.
FOREST COUNTY OFFICERS.
r trmber of Congress Joseph C. Sibley.
Member of Senate J. K. P. Ilall. .
Assembly ('. W. Amsler.
I,eilent Judge W. M. Lindsay.
Associate Judges Vi. B. Crawford, W.
II. II. Dottorer. --'
Prothonotary, Register A Recorder, e.
-J. O. Oelst.
Sheriff. Ueo. W. Noblit.
treasurer Krnl. A. Keller.
Commissioners O. Burhenn, A. K.
Shlpe, Henry Weingard.
District Attorney-H. D- 'rwln.
jury Commissioners Lrnest Sibble,
Lewis Wagner.
Coroner Dr. J. W. Morrow.
County Auditors-W. H. Stiles, Geo.
W. Uoleman, li. A. MeC'loskey.
County Survryor-U. W. Clark.
. County Superintendent-K. E. Stitzln-
Kesslnr Terms ( !".
Fourth Monday of February.
Third Monday of May.
Fourth Monday of Heptemlier.
Third Monday of November.
Church ana Mabbnth MebMl.
Presbyterian Sabbath Hchl 9:45 a.
,.. t M.E. Sabbath School at 10:00 a.m.
!'raoum in M. E. Church every Sab
iti evening by Rev. W.O. Calhoun.
Preaching in the F. M. Chnrch every
Uhath evening at the usual hour. Rev.
A. Zahnlser, Pastor.
..iices in the Presbyterian Church
y Sabbath morning and evening,
i lie regular meetings of the W. C. T.
are held at the headquarters on the
second and fourth Tuesdays of each
Hi' nth.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
pi N BSTA LOIN! E, No. 3H9, 1. 0. 0. F.
I MenU every Tuesday evening, iu Odd
Fellows' Uall, Partridge building.
(mRST LODGE, No. 184, A.O.U. W.,
I Mwts every Friday eveulng lnA.O.U.
W. Ilall, Tionesta.
CAPT. UKOKHK RTOW rwi.nu."'
O. A. R. Meet 1st and 3d Monday
evKinnif In eaeu inoniu, in n. v. u.
Hall, Tionesta.
CAHT. GEORGE STOW CORPS, No.
W, W. R. C, meets first and third
Wednesday evening of each month, in A.
O. U. W. hall, Tionesta, Pa.
MMONESTA TENT, No. 14, K. O. T.
1 M., meels 2nd and 4lh Wednesday
VHiiing in each month In A. O. U. W.
hall Tionesta, Pa.
F. RITCHF.Y,
ATTO RN E Y-AT-LAW,
Tionesta, Pa.
c
I'RTIS M. SIIAWKEY,
ATTORN K Y-AT-LAW.
Warren, Pa.
Practice in Forest Co.
V .BROWN,
A ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
iiinnn in Amor Bnildltiir. Cor. Elm
and Bridge Sis., Tionesta, Pa.
I W. MORROW. M. D.,
PIivmIiOhii. Hurirttoii A Dentist.
OlHctt and Residence three doors north
ol Hotel Agnew, TionenUt. Professional
call promptly responded lo ai an uoura.
I)
K. F.J. BOVAKD,
t'hvsician A Surirwin.
TIONESTA, PA.
nR. J. C. DUNN,
uuvuli'llM i M l MIIItOKON.
and lKUWGIT. Ollire over stere,
...... u. ik-j.r.Miuliiiiul i'jiIIh nromnt-
, ii,iitw. .... . .,.-.
v reHiMMitled to iU ll lioum of day or
Urove'n grocory ami Uerow's ran tau rant.
D
R. J. B. BIGGINS.
J OIL CITY, PA.
H
K. Mi'KINLEY.
. Hardware, Tinning A Plumbing.
Tionesta, l'
SJ.SICTLEY,
. !i us r JcK OF 'I'll K PEACE,
Keeps a complete line of Justice's blanks
lor sale. Also niann ueeua, uiuitKK,
etc. Tionesta, Pa.
HOTEL WEAVER,
w a vvwaVP.R Pronrlotor
rri.i i.n,ui inritiArlv ilia Lawrence
House, has undergone a completechange,
. . ' I 1 ...111. .1' .nftil-
and is now lurmsueu wun u u
eru Improvement. Heated and lighted
.....I...... urlll. ..atnrul trOH tlftLhrOOIllS.
hot snd cold water, etc. The comforts ol
guests never negiecieu.
1 j iiviuiw auk ROW Pronrletor.
Tlonsela, Pa. This is the most centrally
located hotel in the place, and has all the
modern Improvements. No pains will
be spared to make It a pleasant stopping
pUce lor the traveling public First
class Livery iu connection.
piIIL. KMERT
FANCY BOOT A SHOEMAKER.
Shop In Walters building, Cor. Elm
and Walnut streets, Is nreparbd to do all
Kinds of custom work Irom tlw llnest to
the coarsest and guarantees his work to
give perfect satisfaction. Prompt atten
tion udven to mending, and prices rea
sonable. ORENZO FULTON.
Manufacturer of and Dealer In
HARNESS, COLLARS, BRIDLES,
And all kinds of
HORSE FURNISHING GOODS.
TIONESTA. PA.
CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS
Best Couph Symp. Tastes Good.
Uso In time. Sold by druggists.
swgM'jaiiaiJMgtgi
E
President Roosevelt's message bus
keen delivered to cougress. IU niulu
features are as follows:
The ciiliirgciipiit of scope of the
functions of the national' government
required by our development as a na
tion Involves, of course, increase of ex
pense, and the period of prosperity
through which the country is passing
Justifies expenditures for permanent
Improvements fur greater than would
be wise la hard times, but abundunt
revenues and a large surplus always
Invite extravagance, and constant cure
should be taken to guard against un
necessary Increase of the ordinary ex
penses of government.
Capital and Labor.
The relations of capital and labor,
and especially of organized capital and
organized labor, to each other and to
the public at large come second la Im
portance only to the Intimate questions
of family life. Our peculiar fonn of
government, with Its sharp division of
authority betweeu the nation and the
several states, has been on the whole
far more advantageous to our develop
ment than n more strongly centralized
government. But It Is undoubtedly re
sponsible for much of the difficulty of
meeting with adequate legislation the
new problems presented by the total
change In Industrial conditions on this
continent during the lust half century.
In actual practice It has proved ex
ceedingly dllllcult, and In many cases
Impossible, to get unanimity of wise
action among the various states on
these subjects. From the very nature
of the case this Is especially true of
the laws affecting the employment of
capital In huge masses.
With regard to labor, the problem is
no less important, but It is simpler. As
long as the states retain the primary
control of the police power the circum
stances must be altogether extreme
which require Interference by the fed
eral authorities, whether In the way of
safeguarding the rights of labor or In
the way of seeing that wrong Is not
done by unruly persons who shield
themselves behind the name of lubor.
If there Is resistance to the federal
courts, interference with the malls or
Interstate commerce or molestation of
federal property, or If the state authori
ties In some crisis which they are un
able to face call for help, then the fed
eral government may interfere; but,
though such Interference muy be caus
ed by a condition of things arising out
of trouble connected with some ques
tion of lobor, the Interference Itself
simply tukes the form of restoring or
der without regnrd to the questions
which have caused the breach of or
der. In the District of Columbia and
in the territories the federal law cov
ers the entire field of government. But
the labor question Is only acute in
populous centers of commerce, manu
factures or mining. Nevertheless both
In the enactment and In the enforce
ment of law the federul government
within its restricted sphere should set
an example to the state governments,
especially In a matter so vital as this
affecting labor.
Labor Unions.
I believe that under modern Indus
trial conditions It Is often necessary and
even where not necessary it is yet ol-
ten wise that there should be organiza
tion of lubor lu order better to secure
the rights. of the individual wagework-
er. All encouragement should be glveu
to any such organization so long as It
Is conducted with a due and decent re
gard for the rights of others. There
are lu this country some labor unions
which have habitually and other labor
unions which havo often been among
the most effective agents iu working
for good citizenship and for uplifting
the condition of those whose welfare
should be closest to our hearts. But
when any labor union seeks Improper
ends or seeks to achieve proper ends
by Improper means all good citizens,
and more especially all honorable pub
lic servants, must oppose the wrongdo
ing as resolutely as they would oppose
the wrongdoing of any great corpora
tion. Violence, brutality or corruption
should not for one moment be tolerat
ed. Entire Rlsht to Ora-anla).
. Wageworkers have an entire right
to organize and by all peaceful nnd
honorable meaus to endeavor to per
suade their fellows to Join with them
In organizations. They have a legal
right, which, according to circum
stances, may or may not be. a moral
right, to refuse to work in company
with men who decline to Join their1 or
ganizations. They have under no clr
fcumstauces the right to commit vio
lence upou those, vhcthcr capitalists
or wageworkers, who refuse to support
their orgonlzatlons or who side with
those with whom they are at odds, for
mob rule la Intolerable In any form.
The wageworkers are peculiarly entl
tied to the protection and the encour
agement of the law. wherever the na
tlonal government has power thero
should be a stringent employer 8 liabll
lty law, which should apply to the gov
ernment Itself where the government
Is an employer of labor.
I Prevention of Railroad Aerldenta.
The ever Increasing casualty list up
on our railroads Is a matter of grave
public concern and urgently calls for
action by the congress. The passage of
a law requiring the adoption of a block
slgnol system has been proposed to the
jcongress. I earnestly concur lu that
recommendation and would also point
'out to the congress tho urgent need of
legislation In the Interest of the publh
PRESIDEN rS MESSAG
safety limiting the hours of Tabor for
railroad employees In train service up
on railroads engaged In Interstate com
merce nnd providing that only trained
and experienced persons be employed
In positions of responsibility connected
with the operation of trains.
The safety appliance law, as amend
ed by the act of March 2, 1003, has
proved betieliclal to railway employees,
nnd lu order that Its provisions may be
properly carried out the force of In
spectors provided for by appropriation
should be largely Increased. This serv
ice has passed the experimental stage
and should receive generous recogni
tion by the congress.
Unionism In Government Ofllcea.
There is no objectlou to employees of
the government forming or belonging
to unions, but the government can nei
ther discriminate for nor discriminate
against nonunion ineu who are in its
employment or who seek to be em
ployed under It Moreover, It is a very
grave Impropriety for government em
ployees to bund themselves together
for the purpose of extorting improperly
high salaries from the government
Especially is this true of those within
the classified service. The letter car
riers, both municipal nnd rural, ure as
a whole nn excellent body of public
servants. They should be amply paid.
But their payment must La obtained
by arguing their claims fulrly and hon
orably before the congress i.ud not by
banding together for the defeat of
those congressmen who refuse to give
promises which they cannot In con
science give. The administration baa
taken steps to prevent and punish
abuses of this nature, but it will be
wise for the congress to supplement
this action by legislation.
Dnrcaa of Labor.
Much can be done by the government
In labor matters merely by giving pub
licity to certain conditions. The bureau
of labor has done excellent work of
this kind In mnny different directions.
I shall shortly lay before you In a spe
cial message the full report of the in
vestigation of the bureau of labor Into
the Colorado mining strike, ns this Is a
strike In which certain very evil forces,
which ore more or less at work every
where under the conditions of modern
Industrialism, became stortllngly prom
inent. It is greatly to be wished that
the department of commerce nnd la
bor, through the labor bureau, should
compile nnd arrange for the congress
a list of the labor laws of the various
states aud should be given the means
to Investigate and report to the con
gress upon the labor conditions In tho
manufacturing and mining regions
throughout the country, both as to
wages, ns to hours of labor, ns to
the labor of women and children and
as to the effect in the various labor
centers of Immigration from abroad.
In this Investigation especial attention
should be paid to the conditions of
child labor and child labor legislation
In the Be vera 1 states.
Corporation!.
When we come to deal with great
corporations the need for the govern
ment to net directly Is far greater man
In the case of labor, because great cor
porations can become such only by en
gaging In Interstate commerce,, nnd in
terstate commerce Is peculiarly the
field of the general government It Is
nn absurdity to expect to eliminate the
abuses In great corporations by state
action. It is difficult to be patient with
an argument that such matters should
be left to the states, because more than
one state pursues the policy of creat
ing on easy terms corporations which
are never operated within that state
nt nil. but in other states whose laws
they Ignore. The national government
alone can deal ndcquateiy with these
great corporations. To try to deal
with them In an Intemperate, destruc
tive or demagogic spirit would In all
probability mean that nothing what
ever would be accomplished, and with
absolute certainty that if anything
were accomplished it would be of a
linnJful nature. The American peo
ple deed to continue to show the very
qunlltles that they have shown that Is,
moderation, good sense, tne earnest
desire to avoid doing any damage nnd
yet the qulot determination to proceed,
step by step, without halt ana witnont
hurry, In eliminating or at least In
minimizing whatever of mischief or of
evil there Is to Interstate commerce
In the conduct of great corporations.
They are acting in no spirit of hostility
to wealth, either individual or cor
porate. They are not against the rich
man any more than against the poor
man. On the contrary, they are friend
ly alike toward rich man and toward
poor man, provided only that each acts
In a spirit of Justice and decency to
ward bis fellows. Great corporations
ere necessary, nnd only men of great
nnd singular mental power can man
age such corporations successfully,
and such men must have great re
wards. But these corporations should
be managed with due regard to the
Interest of the public as a whole,
Where this can be done under the pres
nt laws It must be done. Where
these lows come short others should
be enacted to supplement them.
Barrnn of Corporation.
The burenu of corporations has made
careful preliminary Investigation of
many important corporations. It will
make a special report on the beer in
dustry. The policy of the bureau Is to ac
complish the purposes of Its creation
by co-operation, not antagonism; by
making constructive legislation, not
destructive prosecution, the immediate
object of it. inquiries; by conservative
Investigation of law and fact nnd by
refusal to Issue Incomplete and hence
necessarily Inaccurate reports. Its pol
Icy lielng thus one of open Inquiry Into
and not attack upon business, the mi
renu has been able to gain not only the
confidence, but, better still, tho co-operation,
of men engaged In legitimate
business.
The bureau offers to the congress
the means of getting at the cost of pro
duction of our various great staples of
commerce.
Of necessity the careful Investigation
of special corporations will afford the
commissioner knowledge of certain
business facts, the publication of which
might be an Improper Infringement of
private rights. The method of making
public the results of these Investiga
tions affords, under the law, a means
for the protection of private rights.
The congress will have all facta except
such as would give to another cor
poration Information which would In
jure the legitimate business of a com
petitor and destroy the incentive for
Individual superiority and thrift .
The bureau has also made exhaustive
examinations into the legal condition
nder which corporate business Is car
ried on in the various states, into all
Judicial decisions on the subject and
Into the various systems of corporate
taxation in use. I call special attention
to the report of the chief of the bureau,
and I earnestly ask that the congress
carefully consider the report and rec
ommendations of the commissioner on
this subject.
The business of Insurance vitally af
fects the greot mass of the people of
the United States and Is national and
not local In Its application. It involves
a multitude of transactions among the
people of the different stntes and be
tween American companies and for
eign governments. I urge that the con
gress carefully consider whether the
power of the bureau of corporations
cannot constitutionally be extended to
cover Interstate transactions In Insur
ance.
Rebate.
Above nil else we must strive to keep
the highways of commerce open to all
on equal terms, and to do this it Is nec
essary to put a complete stop to all re
bates. Whether the shipper or the rail
road Is to blunie makes no difference.
The rebate must be stopped, the abuses
of the private car and private terminal
track and side track systems must be
Btopped, and the legislation of the Fifty-eighth
congress which declares it to
be unlawful for any person or corpora
tion to offer, grant give, solicit accept
or receive any rebate, concession or
discrimination in respect of the trans
portation of any property lu interstate
or foreign commerce whereby such
property shall by any device whatever
be transported at a less rate than that
named in the tariffs published by the
carrier must be enforced. While I am
of the opinion that at present It would
be undesirable If it were not impracti
cable finally to clothe the Interstate
commerce commission with general au
thority to fix railroad rates, I do be
lieve that as a fair security to ship
pers the commission should be vested
with the power where a given rate has
been challenged and after full hearing
found to be unreasonable to decide, sub
ject to judicial review, what shall be a
reasonable rate to take Its place, the
ruling of the commission to take effect
Immediately and to obtain unless and
until It Is reversed by the court of re
view. Steamship companies engaged In in
terstate commerce nnd protected In our
coastwise trado should be held to a
strict observance of the Interstate com
merce net.
The president here discusses the
city of Washington, making "numerous
recommendations looking to its better
government He asks that laws be
passed preventing overcrowding in the
tenement districts, for the abolition of
blind alleys and the proper bousing of
the poor.. He also recommends changes
In the criminal code, and would have
wife beaters corporally punished.
Irrigation.
During the two and a bnlf years that
have elapsed since the passage of the
reclamation act rapid progress has
been made In the surveys and exami
nations of the opportunities for recla
mation in the thirteen states and three
territories of the arid west Construc
tion has already been begun on the lar
gest and most Important of tho Irriga
tion works, and plans are being com
pleted for works which will utilize the
funds now available.
The forest policy of the government
Is just now a subject of vivid public
Interest throughout the west and to the
people of the United States in general.
The forest reserves themselves are of
extreme value to the present as well
as to the future welfare of all the
western public land states. They pow
erfully affect the use and disposal of
the public lauds. They are of spe
cial Importance because tbty pre
serve the water supply and the supply
of timber for domestic purposes and so
promote settlement under the reclama
tion act Indeed they are essential to
the welfare of every one of the great
Interests of the west
I have repeatedly called attention to
the confusion which exists In govern
ment forest matters because the work
Is scattered among three independent
organizations. As I have recommend
ed, all the forest work of the govern
ment should be concentrated In the de
partment of agriculture, where the
larger part of that work is already
done. The Canyon of the Colorado
should be made a national park, nnd
the national park system should In
clude the Yosetnlte and as many as
possible of the groves of giant trees in
California.
Pensions,
The veterans of the civil war have
a claim upon tho nation such aa no
other body of our citizens possess. The
pension bureau has never In Its history
been managed in a more satisfactory
manner than Is now the case.
Consular Service.
Our consular system needs Improve
ment Salurles should be substituted
for fees, nnd the proper classification,
grading and transfer of consular of
ficers should be provided. I am not
prepared to say that a competitive sys
tem of examinations for appointment
Would work well, but by law It should
be provided that consuls should be
familiar, according to places for which
they apply, with the French, German
or Spnulsh language and should pos
sess acquaintance with the resources of
the United States.
It Is desirable to enact a proper na
tional quarantine law.
I call your attention to the great
extravagance In printing and binding
government publications aud especially
to the fact that altogether too muny of
these publications are printed.
Cnrrencr
The attention of the congress should
be especially given to the currency
question and that the standing commit
tees on the matter In the two houses
charged with the duty tuke up the mat
ter of our currency and see whether It
is not possible to secure an agreement
In the business world for betterlugfllie
system. The committees should con
sider the question of the retirement of
the greenbacks and the problem of se
curing In our currency such elasticity
as is consistent with safety. Every
silver dollar should be made by law re
deemable In gold at the option of the
holder.
Merchant Marine.
I especially commend to your Immedi
ate attention the encouragement of our
merchant marine by appropriate legis
lation. Tho growing Importance of the orient
as a field for American exports drew
from my predecessor, President Mc
Klnley, on urgent request for Its spe
cial consideration by the congress.
The Importance of securing proper
information ond data with a view to
the enlargement of our trade with Asia
is undiminished. Our consular repre
sentatives in China have strongly
urged a place for permanent display of
American products In some prominent
trade center of that empire, under gov
ernment control nnd management as
an effective means of advancing our
export trade therein. I call the atten
tion of the congress to the desirability
of carrying out these suggestions.
Immigration and Naturalisation.
In dealing with the questions of Im
migration nnd naturalization It is in
dispensable to keep certain facts ever
before the minds of those who share
In enacting the laws. First nnd fore
most, let us remember that the ques
tion of being a good American has
nothing whatever to do with a man's
birthplace any moro than It has to do
with his creed. Iu every generation
from the time this government wns
founded men of foreign birth have
stood In the very foremost rank of
good citizenship, and that not merely
In one but in every field of American
activity.
There Is no danger of having too
many Immigrants of the right kind,
but the citizenship of this country
should not le debased. It Is vital that
we should keep high the standard of
well being among our wageworkers,
and therefore we should not admit
masses of men whose standards of liv
ing ond whose personal customs and
hublts are such that they tend to lower
the level of the American wogeworker,
and above all we should not admit any
man of an unworthy type. Similarly
we should take the greatest care about
naturalization. Fraudulent naturaliza
tion, the naturalization of Improper
persons, Is a curse to our government,
aud it Is the affair of every honest
voter, wherever born, to see that no
fraudulent voting Is allowed, that no
fraud In connection with naturaliza
tion Is permitted.
Revision of Naturalisation Laws.
There should bo a comprehensive re
vision of the naturalization laws. The
courts having power to nnturallze
should be definitely named by national
authority, the testimony upon which
naturalization may be conferred should
be definitely proscribed, publication of
impending naturalization applications
should be required In advance of their
hearing In court, the form nnd word
ing of nil certificates issued should be
uniform throughout the country, and
the courts should be required to make
returns to the secretary of state at
stoted periods of all naturalizations
conferred.
Not only are the laws relating to
naturalization now defective, but those
relating to citizenship of tho United
Stutcs ought olso to lie made the sub
ject of scientific Inquiry with a view to
probable further legislation. The pow
er of the government to protect the In
tegrity of the elections of Its own olll
cials Is Inherent and has been recog
nized nnd nfllrmed by repeated dec
larations of the supreme court. There
Is no enemy of free government more
dangerous nnd none so Insidious ns
the corruption of the electorate. I rec
ommend tho ennctment of a law direct
ed against bribery and corruption In
federal elections.
Delft ra In Criminal Prosecutions.
No subjett Is better worthy the at
tention of the congress than that por
tion of the report of tho nttorney gen
eral dealing with the long delays and
the grent obstruction to Justice experi
enced In the cases of Heavers, Green
ond Gnynor ond Benson. Were these
Isolated nnd special cases I should not
call your attention to them, but the dif
ficulties encountered ns regnrds these
men who have ben Indicted for crimi
nal practices are not exceptional. They
are precisely similar In kind to whut
occurs again and Again In the case of
criminals who have sufficient means to
enable them to take ndvantngo of a
system of procedure which has grown
up In the federal courts and which
amounts In effect to making tho law
easy of enforcement ngnlnst the man
who has no money nnd dllllcult of en
forcement eveu to the point of some
times securing Immunity, as regnrds
tho tnnu who hns money. At present
the Interests of the Innocent ninn ore
amply safeguarded, but the Interests of
the government-that Is, the Interests
of honest administration; that Is, the
Interests of the people ore not recog
nized ns they should be.
(The presli'eut discusses the progress
of the territories of Alaska. Hawaii
and Porto Rico, with recommendations
for changes lu the present system of
government of the first named. He de
sires to sec a delegate from Alaska in
congress. 1
t'oreliin I'olloj.
The steady aim of this nation, as of
all enlightened nations, should be to
strive to bring ever nearer the day
when there shall prevail throughout
the world the peace of Justice, but
thero are kinds of peace which are
highly undesirable, which ore lu the
long run as destructive as any war.
The goal to set before us as a nation,
the goal which should be set before all
mankind, is the attainment of the
pence of JiiBtlce, of the peace which
comes when each nation is not merely
safeguarded lu Its own rights, but
scrupulously recognizes and performs
its duty toward others. Generally
peuce tells for righteousness, but If
there Is conflict between the two then
our fealty Is due first to the cause of
righteousness. Unrighteous wars are
common nnd unrighteous peace is rnre,
but both should be shunned. The
right of freedom and the responsibility
for the exercise of that right cannot be
divorced. One of our great poets bus
well and finely said that freedom is not
a gift that tarries long In the bauds of
cowards. Neither does It tarry long In
the hands of those too slothful, too dis
honest or too unintelligent to exercise
It. The eternal vigilance which Is the
price of liberty must be exercised
sometimes to guard ngnlnst outside
foes, although, of course, far more of
ten to guard against our own selfish or
thoughtless shortcomings.
It Is our duty to remember that n na
tion hns no more right to do injustice
to another natlou, strong or weak, than
nu Individual has to do Injustice to an
other individual; that the same moral
law applies In one ense os In the other.
But we must also remember thnt it is
as much the duty of the nation to
guard Its own rights and Its own Inter
ests os It Is the duty of the Individual
so to do. Until some method is devised
by which there shall be a degree of in
ternational control over offending na
tions it would be a wicked thing for
the most civilized powers, for those
with most sense of international obli
gations and with keenest and most gen
erous appreciation of the difference be
tween right nnd wrong, to disarm. If
the great civilized nations of the pres
ent day should completely disarm, the
result would mean an Immediate re
crudescence of barbarism in one form
or another. Under any circumstances a
sufficient armament would havo to be
kept up to serve the purposes of inter
national police, nnd until international
cohesion aud the sense of International
duties nnd rights nro fur more ad
vanced than at present a nation denial
ous both of securing respect for ItAri
and of doing good to others must have
a force adequate for the work which It
feels Is allotted to It os its part of the
general world duty. Therefore It fol
lows that a self respecting, just and
fnrseclng nation should ou the one
baud endeavor by every means to old
in the development of the various
movements which tend to provide sub
stitutes for war, which tend to render
nations iu their actions toward one an
other and indeed toward their own
peoples more responsive to the general
sentiment of humane anil civilized
mankind, and, ou the other hand, thut
It should keep prepared, while scrupu
lously avoiding wrongdoing itself, to
repel any wrong ond in exceptional
cases to tako action which iu a moro
advanced stage of International rela
tions would come under the head of
the exercise of the International pollco.
Arbitration Treaties.
We aro In every way endeavoring to
help on, with cordial good will, every
movement which will tend to bring us
into more friendly relations with the
rest of mankind. In pursuance of this
policy I sholl Bhortly lay before the sen
ate treaties of arbitration with all pow
ers which ore willing to enter into these
treaties with us. It Is nut possible at
this period of the world's development
to agree to arbitrate all mutters, but
there are many mutters of possible
difference between us nnd other na
tions which can be thus urbltrntcd.
Furthermore, nt the request of tho In
terparliamentary union, on eminent
body composed of practical statesmen
from nil countries, I have asked the
powers to join with this government
in a second Hague conference, nt which
It is hoped that the work already so
happily begun ut The Iiugue may be
curried some steps further toward
completion. This carries out the de
Blre expressed by the first liague con
ference itself.
Poller Toward Other Nations of
Western Hemisphere.
It is not true tbnt tho United Slates
feels any land hunger or entertains
nny projects ns regards the other na
tions of the western hemisphere save
such aa are for their welfare. All thut
this country desires Is to see the neigh
boring countries stable, orderly nnd
frosperous. Any country whose peoplo
conduct themselves well can count upon
our henrty friendship. If a nation
shows that It knows how to act with
reasonable efficiency nnd decency In so
cial nnd political mntters, if it keeps
order nnd pnys Its obligations. It need
fear no Interference from tho United
States. Chronic wrongdoing or an Im
potence which results lu a general loos
ening of the ties of civilized society
mny in America, os elsewhere, ulti
mately require Intervention by somo
civilized nation, and In the western
hemisphere the adherence of the Unit
ed States to the Monroe doctrine may
force tho United Stntes, however re
luctantly, in flagrant cases of such
wrongdoing or Impotence, to tho exer
cise of an international police power.
Rtllhts of American t'ltlsens Abroad.
It Is necessary forns firmly to Insist up
on the rights of our own citizens abroad
without regard to their creed or rmv;
without retard to whether they were
born here or born .abroad. It has
proved very difficult to secure from
Russia the right for our Jewish fellow
citizen to receive passports and travel
through Itussitn territory. It Is a
wrong against which we ore entitled to
protest to refuse him his passport
without regard to his conduct and char
acter, merely ou racial and religious
grounds.
The Navr.
The strong arm of the government
In enforcing respect for Its Just rights
In International matters Is the navy of
the United States. I most earnestly
recommend that there be no halt In the
work of upbuilding the Amerlcun navy.
We have undertaken to build the Isth
mian canal. We have undertaken to
secure for ourselves our Just shuro In
the trade of the orient. We have un
dertaken to protect our citizens from
Improper treatment In foreign lands.
We continue steadily to Insist on the
application of the Monroe doctrine to
the western hemisphere. Unless our
uttltude in these and all similar mat
ters is to be a mere boastful sham we
cannot afford to abandon our naval
programme. Our voice is now potent
for peace and is so "potent because we
are not afraid of war. But our prot
cstntlons upon behalf of pence would
neither receive nor deserve the slight
est attention If we were impotent to
make them good.
The Arm jr.
Within the lust three years the Unit
ed States hns set nn example in dis
armament where disarmament wns
proper. Ily luw our orrny is fixed at
a maximum of 100,000 and a minimum
of 00,000 men. When there wns Insur
rection In the Philippines we kept the
army at the maximum. Teace came in
the Philippines, nnd now our army
hns been reduced to the minimum nt
which It Is possible to keep it with duo
regard to Its efficiency. We should be
nble, In the event of some sudden
emergency, to put Into the field one
first class army corps, which should be,
as a whole, ot least the equal of any
body of troops of like number belong
ing to nny other nntlon.
Great progress hns been mode in pro
tecting our coasts by ndequnto fortifi
cations with sufficient guns. We
should, however, pay much more heed
than at present to the development of
an extensive system of floating mines
for use in nil our more Important har
bors. These mines have been proved
to be a most formidable safeguard
ngnlnst hostile fleets.
The Philippines.
In tho Philippine Islands there has
been during the pnst year a continua
tion of the steady progress which has
obtained ever since our troops definite
ly got the upper hand of the Insur
gents. The riillIpplnepooplp, or, to
spenk more . accurately, the mnny
tribes ond even races sundered from
one nnother moro or less shnrply who
go to make up the people of tho Philip
pine Islands, contain mnny elements
of good, nnd somo elements which we
hove a right to hope stand for prog
ress. At present they nre utterly In
capable of existing in Independence at
nil or of building up n civilization of
their own. I firmly believe that wo
can help them to rise higher and high
er In the scnlo of civilization nnd of
capnclty for self government nnd I
most earnestly hope that in tho end
they will bo nble to stand. If not en
tirely nlone, yet In some such relntlon
to tho United Stntes ns Cuba now
ntnnds. This end Is not yet In sight,
and It may bo Indefinitely postponed
if our peoplo are foolish enough to turn
ibe attention of the Filipinos away
from the problems of achieving moral
nnd material prosperity, of working
for a stable, orderly and Just govern
ment, and toward foolish and danger
ous Intrigues for n complete, independ
ence for which they are ns yet totnlly
unfit.
On the other hand, our peoplo must
keep steadily before their minds the
fact that the Justification for our stay
In tho Philippines must ultimately rest
chiefly upon the good we ore able to
do lu the Islands. I do not overlook
the fact thot In the development of our
Interests in tho rnclflc ocean and
along its coasts the Philippines hnvo
played nnd will play nn Important pnrt
nnd that our Interests have been serv
ed In more than one way by tho pos
session of tho Islands. But our chief
reason for continuing to hold them
muHt be that we ought In good faith
to try to do our share of the world's
work, nnd this particular piece of work
lias been Imposed upon us by the re
sults of the war with Spain. We are
endeavoring to develop the natives
themselves so that they shall take an
ever Increasing shnro In their own gov
ernment and, us far os Is prudent, we
nre already admitting their representa
tives to a governmental equality with
our own. There are commissioners,
Judges and governors In the islands
who are Filipinos ond who have exact
ly the same share In tho government
it the Islands ns have their colleagues
who nre Americans, while in tho lower
ranks, of course, the great majority of
the public servants are Filipinos.
Within two years we shall bo trying
the experiment of on elective lower
house In the Philippine legislature. If
tho Filipinos net with wisdom and self
restraint, If they show thnt they are
capable of electing a legislature which
In Its turn Is capable of taking a snno
nnd efficient pnrt In tho actual work of
government, they can rest assured that
n full and Increasing measure of rec
ognition will bo given them.
Every tnenstiro taken concerning the
Islands should be tnken primarily with
n vjew to their advantage. We should
certainly give them lower tariff rates
on their exports to the United States.
If this Is not done it will be a wrong
to extend our shipping lnws to them.
I earnestly hope for tho Immediate
enactment Into law of the legislation
now pending to encourage American
capital to seek Investment In the Is
lands In railroads. In factories. In plan
tations and In lumbcrlne and mining.