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Published evory Wednesday by
J. E. WENK.
Offioe in Emearbaugh (t Wenk Building,
KLM BTIlr.KT, TIONKHTA, PA.
Terms, 9I.OO A Year, Htrlrtly In Advance.
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Fore
ubl
JL T O
VOL. XXXVI. NO. 39.
TIONESTA. PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1903.
$1.00 PER ANNUM.
THE FOREST REPUBLICAN.
Rep
st
TT A AT
11 ft m 1 1 1 VM
JUL. JL JJL,
BO HO UGH OFFICERS.
Hurgeita. V. R. Sanson.
.,ttM!iwwn. Ir. J. C Dunn, CI. O.
Ghs , j; . Mhhh, O. K. Weaver, J. W.
Landera, J. I Diilo.W. K Kill r.
J nut ice Ml the Peace C. A. Handull, 8.
I. Nolle v.
Coiatle S. K. Maxwell.
ColActorH. J. Setley.
Xrhotil IHreclornl,. Fullon. J. O.
Scowdon, .1. 10. Wenn, K. L. Haslet, E.
W bowman, Geo. Hnleitian,
FOHliST COUNTY OFFICERS.
Member of Congrex Joseph C. Sibley.
Member of HeunleJ. K. P. Hall.
Amiemlilii ('. W. Am-lor.
I'reniilenl Judge W. M. Llndsey.
' Asmietait Judge 11. H. Crawford. W.
II. II. Dottorer '
t'rolhmwtary, UegMerJt Recorder, t.
--J. (!. Heist.
MrrilT. Geo. V. Nolilit.
fryixurer Frd. A. Keller.
Ooiiiiiiixioner O. Burhenil, A. K.
Shipe, lh-nrv Weingard.
Ihatru t ttorncy S. D. Irwin.
jury OommtHMioners Ernest Kibble,
Lewis Wanner.
CSironer lr. J. W. Morrow.
(nanli Auditors W. II. Stiles, Geo.
W. Holeinan, It A, McCloskey.
Count)) Surveyor -U. W. CKrk.
tlouniy HuierinlendentK. E. Stltzin-
gor.
Iteaiilnr Terms of t'surt.
Fourth Monday of February.
Third Monday or May.
Fourth Monday of Nepteniber.
Third Monday of November.
t'hnrrh mid Habbnth Nrbaol.
Presbyterian Sabbath School at 9:46 a.
in.; M. K. Sabbath School at 10:00 a. in.
Preaching .n M. 14. Church every Sab
bath evening by Rev. O. II. Nlckle
Preach! m In the F. M. Church every
Sabbath evening at the UHtial hour. Kev.
McGarvv, Pantor.
Service in the Presbyterian Church
every .Sabbath morning and evening,
Rev. K W. Ilnnuworth, Pastor.
The regular meetings of the W. C. T.
17. am held at the headquarter on the
second and fourth Tuesdays of each
in nib.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
1M F.STA LOHUK, No. 8ii, LO.O. F.
M." every Tuesday evening, in Odd
Fellows' Hall, Partridge building.
l.'oRKST LOUOK, No. 184. A.O. U. W.,
I M eels every Friday evening liA.O.U.
W. Mull, Tionesta.
CAPT.G ICO It" 1 H STO W POST. No. '274
II. A. R. Moet 1st and 3d Monday
.evenimr in each mouth, in A. O. U. W.
Ilnll, Tmi'eHta.
fVi'T. GEORGE STOW CORPS, No.
1 17, Ws R. C, meets first and third
Wednesday evening of each month, in A.
O. U. W. hall, TloiiHMla, Pa.
'PloNKSTA TENT, No. IH4. K. O. T.
1 M., ineois and and 4th Wednesday
evciiiuuiti each month in A. O. U. W.
hall Tionesta, Pa.
'H K. RITCHKY.
1 . ATTORN EY-AT-LAW.
A run ii i
TIoiiphih, Pa.
C
t'ltris M. Sll WKEY,
A V TORN KY-AT-LAW,
Warren, Pa.
Practice in Forest Co.
AC UKOWN,
ATTORNEY-AT LAW.
Ollicn in Arner liiiildniir, Cor. Kim
and llri'itfM Sl., Tionesta. Pa.
J.
W MORROW. M. D.,
Phvsician. Surgeon A Oontlst.
OtHce. and Residence three doors north
of Hotel Agnew, Tionesta. Professional
calls proiiiplly responded to at all hours.
I)
It. F. .1. RoVARl),
.. i- . Plivsician A Hurireon,
' TIONKSTA, PA.
DR. .1. V. 1UNN,
PHYSICIAN AND SU KG ICON,
and lKUi'JI -T. Olll-e over slere,
Tionesia, Pa. Professional calls prompt
ly responded to at all hours of day or
nighl. Residence Klin St., between
Grove's grocery and Gerow's restaurant.
D
R .1. B SlllGlNS.
Phvsician and burgeon,
OIL CITY, PA.
I? R. LANSON,
1 . Hardware, Tinning Jt Plumbing.
. Tionesia, Pa
J.SKTLEY,
JUSlK'tOFTIlEPRACK,
Keeps a complete Ifie of Justice's blanks
lor sale. Also Klajik deeds, mortgages,
eti TioneHta, Pa.
HOT HI. WHAVKR,
. 13. A. WHAVKR, Proprietor.
This hotel, formerly the Lawrence
Holm, has undergone a conidete change,
and is now rur.iiNlied with Hi: the mod
ern improvements. Heated and lighted
ihr.iimlioiii with natural iras, bathrooms,
hoi and cold water, etc. The comforts ol
iruests never neglected.
(IKNTKAI. HOI'S K,
V GKROW ,V HHKOW Proprietor.
Tionsela, Pa. This is the most centrally
located hotel iu the place, and has all the
modern Improvement. No pains will
be spared lo make it a pleasant stopping
phice for the iraveiinu public. First
i'wim- l.iverv in connection.
)IIIL. K.MKRT
FANCY BOOT A SHOKMAKKR.
Shop In Walters building, Cor. Klin
nd Walnul streets, Is prepared to do all
Kind- ol ciMoiii work from the tli.est to
'he coarsest and guarantees his work lo
liive ierleei stiMslai'lion. Prompt atten
tion iven to mending, and prices rra
"iiiilile. j KI. FULTON.
ManiilHi'turer of and Healer In
HARNESS. LOLURS, BRIDLES,
And all kinds of
HORSE FURNISHING GOODS.
TIONKMTA. PA.
ii muTftsin
- GEERai MERCHANTS,
iMirnitiiro Dealers,
AND
UNDERTAKERS.
TIONKSTA, PKNN
HI B
a.
Wiislilnglui), Iec. 7. The prcsident'H
ru(wsng has been transmitted to con
gress. Its principal features aro as fol
lows: The oounlry Is to be congratulated
on the amount of suliHtantlul achieve
ment which lias marked the past year
both as regards our foreign and as re
gards our domestic policy.
With a uatlon as with a man the
most Important things are those of the
household, and therefore the country
Is especially to be congratulated on
what has been accomplished In the di
rection of providing for the exercise of
supervision over the great corporations
nd combinations of corporations en
gaged In Interstate commerce. The
congress has created the department
of commerce and labor, including the
bureau of corporations, with for the
first time authority to secure proper
publicity of such proceedings of these
Kreut corporations as the public has
the right to know. It has provided for
the expediting of suits for the enforce
ment of the federal antitrust law, and
by another law It lias secured equal
treatment to all producers In the trans
portation of their goods, thus taking
a long stride forward In making effec
tive the work of the Interstate com
merce com mission.
The preliminary work of the bureau
of corporations In the department of
labor has shown the wisdom of Its cre
ation. Publicity in corporate affairs
will tend to do away with Ignorance
and will afford facts upon which Intel
ligent action may bo taken. Systemat
ic, intelligent Investigation Is already
developing facts the knowledge of
which Is essential to a right under
standing of the needs aaid duties of
the business world. The corporation
which Is honestly and fairly organ
ized, whose managers in the conduct
of Its business recognize their obliga
tion to ileal squarely with their stock
holders, their competitors and the pub
lic, has nothing to fear from such su
pervision. The purpose of this bureau
Is not to embarrass or assail legitimate
business, but to aid in bringing about
a better Industrial condition a coudl
flon under which there shall be obedi
ence to law and recognition of public
obligation by all corporations, great or
small. The department of commerce
and labor will be not only the clearing
house for Information regarding the
business transactions of the nation, but
the exectrtive arm of the government
to aid In strengthening our domestic
and foreign markets, la perfecting our
transportation facilities, in building up
our merchant marine. In preventing the
entrance of undesirable immigrants, iu
improving commercial nd industrial
conditions and in bringing together on
common ground those necessary part
ners iu industrial progress capital and
labor.
Capital and Labor.
The consistent policy of the national
government, so far as it has the power,
Is to hold In check the unscrupulous
man, whether employer or employee, but
to refuse to weaken individual initia
tive or to hamper or cramp the indus
trial development of the country. We
recognize that this is an era of federa
tion and combination, in which great
capitalistic corporations and labor un
ions have become factors of tremendous
importance In all Industrial centers.
Hearty recognition is given the far
reaching, beneficent work which has
been accomplished through both cor
porations and unions, and the line as
between different corporations, as be
tween different unions, is drawn as it
Is between different individuals-rthat
is, it is drawn on conduct, the effort
being to treat both organized capital
and organized labor hlike, asking noth
ing save that the interest of each shall
be brought Into harmony with the In
terest of the general public and that
the conduct of each shall conform to
the fundamental rules of obedience to
law, of individual freedom and of Jus
tice and fair dealing toward all. When
ever either corporation, labor union or
individual disregards the law or acts
In a nph'lt of arbitrary and tyrannous
Interference with the rights of others,
whether corporations or Individuals,
then where the federal government has
Jurisdiction it will see to it that the
misconduct is stopped, paying not the
slightest heed to the position or power
of the corporation, the union or the in
dividual, but only to one vital fact
that is, the question whether or not
the conduct of the Individual or aggre
gate of Individuals is In accordance
with the law of the land. Every man
must be guaranteed his liberty and bis
right to do as he likes with his prop
erty or his labor so long as ho does
not infringe the rights of others.
Government Receipt and Expend
Hares.
From all sources, exclusive of tho
postal service, the receipts of the gov
ernment for the last fiscal year aggre
gated $5G0,39(i,(!74. The expenditures
for the same period were 5500,01)9,007,
(the surplus for the fiscal year -being
!S34,2l7,Ci!7. Tho indications are that
the surplus for tiie present fiscal year
will bo very small, If indeed, there be
any surplus. From July to November
the receipts from customs were, ap
proximately, $9,000,000 less than the
receipts from the same source for a
corresponding portion last year. Should
this decrease continue at the same ra
tio throughout the fiscal year the sur
plus would bo reduced by, approxi
mately, $30,000,000. Should the rev
enue from customs suffer much fur
ther decrease during tho liscal year the
surplus would vanish. A large sur
plus is certainly undesirable. Two
years ago the war taxes were taken
off with the express intention of
equalizing the governmental receipts
and expenditures, and, though the
Urst year thereafter still Fhowed a
surplus, It now seems likely that a
substantial equality of revenue and
expenditure will be attained. Such be
ing the case, it Is of great moment both
to exercise care and economy In ap
propriations and to scan sharply any
change In our fiscal revenue system
which may reduce our Income. The
need of strict economy in our expend
itures Is emphasized by the fact that
we cannot afford to be parsimonious In
providing for what Is essential to our
national well being.
Needs of I'lnuiirlal Situation.
The integrity of our currency is be
yond question, and under present con
ditions it would be unwise and unnec
essary to attempt n reconstruction of
our entire monetary system. The same
liberty should lie granted the secretary
of the treasury to deposit customs re
ceipts as is granted him In the depos
it of receipts from other sources. In
my message of Dee. 2. 1902. I called
mention to certain needs of the finan
cial situation, and I again ask for
consideration of the congress for these
questions.
The president commends tho work
of the International monetary confer
ence and advises Its continuance.
A majority of our people desire that
otcps be taken In the Interests of
American shipping, so that we may
once more resume our former position
In the ocean carrying trade. But hith
erto tho differences of opinion as to
the proper method of reaching this end
have been so wide that It has proved
Impossible to secure the adoption of
any particular scheme. Having In
view these facts, I recommend that the
congress direct the secretary of the
navy, the postmaster general and the
secretary of commerce and labor, asso
ciated with such a representation from
the senate and house of representatives
as the congress In Its wisdom may des
ignate, to serve as a commission for the
purpose of Investigating and reporting
to the congress at its next session what
legislation is desirable or necessary for
the development of the American mer
chant marine and American commerce
and Incidentally of a national ocean
mall service of ndeqnate auxiliary na
val cruisers and naval reserves. While
such a measure Is desirable in any
event, it I especially desirable at this
time, in view of .the fact that our pres
ent governmental contract for ocean
mail wllli the American line will expire
in 1903. The establishment of new
lines of cargo ships to South America,
to Asia and elsewhere would be much
In the Interest of our commercial ex
pansion. luiiiilerotion. ,
Wo cannot have too much immigra
tion of the right kind, and we should
have none at ail of the wrong kind.
The need is to devise some system by
which undesirable Immigrants shall be
kept out entirely, while desirable im
migrants are properly distributed
throughout the country. At present
some districts which need immigrants
have none, and In others, where the
population Is already congested, Immi
grants conic In such numbers as to de
press the conditions of lifo for those al
ready there. 1 luring tho last two years
the immigration service at New York
has been greatly improved and the cor
ruption and inelticloney which former-,
ly obtained there have been eradicated."
Tills service lias just been investigated
by a committee of New York citizens
of high standing, Messrs. Arthur v.
lirleseu, Lee K. Frankel, Eugene A.
rhilbin, Thomas W. Hynes and Ralph
Trautman. Their report deals with the
whole situation at length and concludes
with certain recommendations for ad
ministrative and legislative action. It
is now receiving the atteution of the
secretary of commerce and labor.
Naturalization Fruud.
The special investigation of the sub
ject of naturalization under the direc
tion of the attorney general and the
consequent prosecutions reveal u condi
tion of affairs calling for the Immedi
ate atteution of the congress. For
geries and perjuries of shameless aud
llagraut character have been perpe
trated not only In the dense centers of
population, but throughout tho country,
and it is established beyond doubt that
very inauy so called citizens of the
United States have no title whatever
to that right and are asserting and en
joying the benefits of the same through
tho grossest frauds. It is never to be
forgotten that citizenship is, to quote
tho words recently used by tho su
preme court of the United States, an
"inestimable heritage," whether it pro
ceeds from birth within the country
or Is obtained by naturalization, and
we poison the sources of our national
character and strength at the fountain
if the privilege is claimed and exer
cised without right and by means of
fraud and corruption.
The federal grand jury lately iu ses
sion In New York city dealt with this
subject and fhado a presentment which
states the situation brielly ajid forcibly
and contains important suggestions for
the consideration tif t lie congress. This
presentment Is Included as an appendix
to the report of tjie attorney general.
Public Land and Postal Frauds.
Ill my hist annual message, in con
nection with tho subject, of the due
regulation of combinations of capital
which are or may become Injurious to
the public, I recommended a special ap
propriation for the better enforcement
of the antitrust law as It now stands,
to be expended under the direction of
the attorney general. Accordingly (by
the legislative, executive and judicial
appropriation act of Feb. 25, 190,'!. 32
Stat., S."4, 00-11, the congress appro
priated for the purpose of enforcing the
various federal trust and Interstate
commerce laws the sum of $."00,nno, to
lie expended under the direction of tho
attorney general in the employment of
special counsel and agents in the de
partment of Justice to conduct proceed
ings and prosecutions under said laws
ill te courts of the-United Stales. I
now recommend, as a matter of the ut
most Importance and urgency, the ex
tension of tiie purposes of tills appro
priation, so that, it may bo available,
under the direction of the attorney
general and until used, for the due en
forcemeM of the laws of the United
States in general and especially of the
civil and criminal laws relating to pub
lic lands and the laws relating to postal
crlpics and offenses and the subject. of
naturalization. , Recent Investigations
have shown a deplorable state of af
fairs In these three matters of vital
tbneern. By various frauds and by
forgeries and perjuries thousands of
acres of the public domain, embracing
lands of different character and ex
tending through various sections of the
country, have been dishonestly acquir
ed., It is hardly necessary to urge the
importance of recovering these dishon
est acquisitions, stolen from the people,
and of promptly aud duly punishing
l ie offenders.
Through frauds, forgeries nnd per
juries and by shameless briberies the
laws relating to the proper conduct of
tho public service In general and to the
due iKftiiliiistration of the postolliee
department have been notoriously vio
lated, and many indictments have been
found, and the consequent prosecutions
are in course of hearing or on the eve
thereof. For the reasons thus indicat
ed and so that the government may
be prepared to enforce promptly nnd
with the greatest effect the due pen
alties for such violations of law, and
to this end may be furnished with suffi
cient Instrumentalities and competent
legal assistance for the investigations
and trials which will be necessary at
many different points of the country, I
urge upon the congress the necessity
of making the said appropriation avail
able for Immediate use for all such
purposes, to be expended under the di
rection of the attorney general.
Need For Trentle Making Bribery
Extraditable.
Steps have been taken by the state
department looking to the making of
bribery an extraditable offense with
foreign powers. The need of more ef
fective treaties covering this crime Is
manifest. The exposures and prosecu
tions of official corruption In St. Louis,
Mo., ami other cities and states have
resulted in a number of givers and tak
ers of bribes becoming fugitives In for
eign lands. Bribery has not been In
cluded In extradition treaties hereto
fore, as the necessity for it has not
arisen. While there may have been
as much olllclal corruption In former
years, there has been more developed
nnd brought to light in the Immediate
past than in the preceding century of
our country's history. It should be the
policy of the United States to leave no
place on earth where a corrupt man
fleeing from this country can rest in
peace.
Aliisknu noundory.
After unavailing attempts to reach an
understanding on the Alaskan bound
ary question through n Joint high com
mission, followed by prolonged negotia
tions, conducted hi an amicable spirit,
a convention between the United States
and Groat Britain was signed Jan. 24,
1903, providing for an examination of
tho subject by a mixed tribunal of six
members, three on a side, with a view
to Its final disposition. Ratifications
were exchanged on March 3,. last,
whereupon the". two governments ap
pointed , their .respective members.
Those on behalf of the United States
were Elihu Root, secretary of war;
Henry Cabot Lodge, a senator of the
United States, and George Turner, an
ex-senator of the United States, while
Great Britain named the. Right Hon.
Lord Aiverstone, lord chief justice of
England; Sir Louis Amable Jettc. K.
C. M. G., retired judge of the supreme
court of Quebec, and A. It. Aylesworth,
K. C, of Toronto. This tribunal met
in London on Sept. 3 under the presi
dency of Lord Aiverstone. On the 20th
of October a majority of the tribunal
reached and signed an .agreement on
nil the questions submitted by the
terms of the convention. Ry this
award the right of the United States
to the control of n continuous strip or
border of the mainland shore, skirting
all the tidewater Inlets nnd sinuosities
of the coast, is confirmed; tho entrance
to Portland canal, concerning which
legitimate doubt appeared. Is defined
as passing by Tongass-inlet and to the
northwestward of Wales and Pearse
Islands; a line Is drawn from the head
of Portland canal to the llfty-sixth de
gree of north latitude, and the Interior
border line of the strip is fixed by lilies
connecting certain mountain summits
lying between Portland canal and
Mount St. Elias and running along the
crest of the divide separating the coast
slojio from the inland watershed at the
only part of the frontier where the
drainage ridge approaches the coast
within the distance of ten marine
leagues, stipulated by the treaty as the
extreme width or the strip around the
heads of Lynn canal and its branches.
While the line so traced follows the
provisional demarcation of 1S7S at the
crossing of the Stikine river and that
of lS'J'J at the summits of the White
and Chilkoot pusses, it runs much far
ther Inland from the Klehini than Hi"
temporary line of the later modus Vi
vendi and leaves the entire mining
district of the Porcupine river and Gla
cier creek within the jurisdiction of the
United States.
The president here recapitulates the
details of the Imbroglio between Euro
pean powers and Venezuela and the
reference of certain points of the con
troversy to The Hague tribunal
through the influence of the United
States. Tliis lie calls a victory for
American diplomacy and a triumph for
international arbitration. He advo
cates an extension of International law
to exempt all private property at sea
fr.m capture of destruction by forces
of belligerent powers.
Iiilermilloiial Arbitration.
Last year the interparliamentary un
ion for international arbitration met
nt Vienna, '100 members of the diff'T-
ent, legislatures of civilized countries
attending. It was provided that the
next meeting should be in 1904 at St.
IjjuIs, subject to our congress extend
ing an invitation. Like The Hague
tribunal, this interparliamentary union
is one of tiie forces tending toward
peace among the nations of the earth,
aud It Is entitled to our support. 1
trust the Invitation can be extended.
Early In July, hpvlng received intel
ligence, which happily turned out to bo
erroneous, of the assassination of our
vice consul at Beirut, I dispatched n
linall squadron to that port for such
service as might be found necessary on
arrival. Although the attempt on the
life of our vice consul had not been
iiuecessful, yet the outrage was symp
tomatic of a state of excitement and
disorder which demanded Immediate
attention. The arrival of the vessels
had the happiest result. A feeling of
security at once took the place of tho
former alarm and disquiet. Our offi
cers were cordially welcomed by tho
I insular body and the leading mer
iliants, and ordinary business resumed
its activity. The government of the
sultan gave n considerate hearing to
(he representations of our minister: the
official who was regarded as responsi
ble for the disturbed condition of af
fairs was removed. Our relations with
the Turkish government remain friend
ly. Our claims founded on inequitable
treatment of some of our schools and
missions appear to be In process of
amicable adjustment.
nelatlonn 'With China.
The signing of a new commercial
treaty with China, which took place at
Shanghai on the 8th of October, Is n
cause for satisfaction.-. This net, the
result of long discussion and negotia
tion, places our commercial relations
with the great oriental empire on a
more satisfactory footing than they
have ever heretofore enjoyed. It pro
vides not only for tho ordinary rights
nnd privileges of diplomatic and con
sular officers, but also for an important
extension of our commerce by Increas
ed facility of access to Chinese ports
and for the relief of trade by the re
moval of some of the obstacles which
have embarrassed it in the past.
I trust that tho congress will con
tinue to favor In all proper ways the
Louisiana Purchase exposition. Tills
exposition commemorates the Louisi
ana purchase, which was the first great
step in tiie expansion which made us a
continental nation. The expedition of
Lewis and Clark across the continent
followed thereon and marked tho be
ginning of the process of exploration
and colonization which thrust our na
tional boundaries to the Pacific.
Tho acquisition of the Oregon coun
try, including the present states of
Oregon and Washington, was a fact of
immense importance in our history,
first giving us our place on the Pacific
seaboard and making ready the way
for our ascendency in tho commerce
of the greatest of the oceans. The cen
tennial of our establishment upon the
western coast by the expedition of
Lewis and Clark Is to be celebrated ot
Portland, Ore., by an exposition in the
summer of 19(15, and this event should
receive recognition and support from
tho national government.
Development of AInakn.
I call your special attention to the
territory of Alaska. The country is
developing rapidly, and it lias an as
sured future. The mineral wealth Is
great and has as yet hardly been tap
ped. The fisheries, if wisely handled
and kept under national control, will
bo a business as permanent as any oili
er and of the utmost importance to the
people. The forests, if properly guard
ed, will form another great source of
wealth. Portions of Alaska are fitted
for farming and stock raising, although
tho methods must be adapted to the
peculiar conditions of the country.
Proper land laws should be enacted
aud the survey of the public lands Im
mediately begun. Coal land laws
should be provided whereby the coal
land entry n i, -m may make his location
and secure patent under methods kin
dred to those now prescribed for home
stead and mineral cntrymon. Salmon
hatcheries, exclusively under .govern
ment control, should be established.
The cable should be extended from
Sitka westward. Wagon roads and
trails should be built and the building
of railroads promoted in all legitimate
ways. Lighthouses should lie built
along the coast. Attention should be
paid to tho needs of the Alaska In
dians. Provision should lie made for
an officer, with deputies, to study their
needs, relievo their Immediate wants
and help them adapt themselves to the
new conditions.
I recommend that an appropriation,
be made for building lighthouses in
Hawaii and taking possession of those
already built. Tho territory should bo
reimbursed for whatever amounts It
lias already expended for lighthouses.
The governor should be empowered to
suspend or remove any official appoint
ed by lihn, without submitting the
matter to the legislature.
The Philippines and Porta It loci.
Of our ilisular possessions, the Philip
pines and Porto ltico. It is gratifying
to say that ihcir steady progress lias
been such as to make It unnecessary
to spend much time in discussing tlieui.
Yet the congress should ever keep in
mind that a peculiar obligation rests
upon us to further In every way the
welfare of these communities. The
Philippines should be knit closer to ih
by tariff arrangements. It would, of
course, be impossible suddenly to raise
the people of the islands to the high
pitch of industrial prosperity and of
governmental efficiency to which they
will In the end by degrees attain, and
the caution and moderation shown in
developing them have been mining the
main reasons why this development
I lias hitherto gone on so smoothly.
Scrupulous care has been taken in the
choice of governmental ageun and the
entire elimination of nartlsau nolilics
1 from the public service. The. cundilluu '
of the Islanders Is in material things
far better than ever before, while their
governmental. Intellectual and moral
advance has kept pace with their ma
terial advance. No one people ever
benefited another people more than we
have benefited the Filipinos by taking
possession of the islands.
Preservation of Forests.
The work of reclamation of tho arid
liindsof the west is progressing steadily
and satisfactorily under the terms of
the law setting aside the proceeds
from the disposal of public lands.
The study of the opportunities of
reclamation of the vast extent of arid
land shows that whether this reclama
tion is done by Individuals, corpora
tions or the state, the sources of water
supply must he effectively protected
and the reservoirs guarded by the pres
ervation of the forests at the head
waters of the streams. The necessity
for perpetuating our forest resources,
whether iu public or private hands, is
recognized now as never before. It Is
recommended that all matters pertain
ing to forest reserves, except those In
volving or pertaining to land titles, be
consolidated In the bureau of forestry
of the department of agriculture.
The cotton growing states have re
cently been Invaded by a weevil that
lias done much damage nnd threatens
the entire cotton Industry. I suggest
to the congress the prompt enactment
of such remedial legislation as its Judg
ment may approve.
No other class of our citizens de
serves so well of the nation as those
to whom Hie nation owes Its very be
ing, the veterans of the civil war. Spe
cial attention is asked to the excellent
work of the pension bureau in expedit
ing and disposing of pension claims.
Muring the fiscal year ending July 1,
1903. the bureau settled 2:.1.0S2 claims,
an average of S23 claims for each
working day of the year. The number
of settlements since July I. 1903. has
been In excess of last year's average,
approaching 1,0(10 claims for each
working day. and it Is believed that
the work of the bureau will be current
nt the close of the present fiscal year.
Extension of f'lvlt Service Itnles.
Paring the year ended June 30 last
2.",5fiii persons were appointed through
rompetitive examinations under Hie
civil service rules. This was 12.072
more than during the preceding year
and 40 per cent of those who passed
the examinations. This abnormal
growth was largely occasioned by the
extension of classification to tho rural
free delivery service and the appoint
ment last year of over 9,000 rural car
riers. A revision of the civil service
rules took effect on April 15 last, which
lias greatly Improved their operation.
The completion of Hie reform of the
civil service is recognized by good citi
zens everywhere as a matter of the
highest public importance, and the suc
cess of the merit system largely depends
upon the effectiveness of the rules and
the machinery provided for their en
forcement. A very gratifying spirit of
friendly co-operation exists in all the
departments of the government In the
enforcement and uniform observance
of both the letter and spirit of t he civil
service act.
The Army and Navy.
The effect of the laws providing a
general staff for the army and for the
more effective use of the national guard
has been excellent. Great improve
ment has been iniule Iu the efficiency
of our army in recent years. Such
schools as those erected at Fort Leav
enworth and Fort Itiley and the Insti
tution of fall maneuver work accom
plish satisfactory results. The good ef
fect of these maneuvers upon the na
tional guard Is marked, and ample ap
propriation should be made to enable
the guardsmen of the several states to
share in the benefit. The government
should as soon as possible secure suit
able permanent camp sites for military
maneuvers in the various sections of
the country.
1 heartily congratulate the congress
upon the steady progress In building
up the American navy. We cannot
afford a let-up in this great work. To
stand still means to go back. There
should be no cessation in adding to the
effective units of Hie lighting strength
of tho fleet. Meanwhile the navy de
partment and the officers of the navy
are doing well their part by providing
constant service at sea under condi
tions akin to those of actual warfare.
Our officers and enlisted men are learn
ing to handle the battleships, cruisers
and torpedo boats with high efficiency
in fleet and squadron formations, and
Hie standard of 'marksmanship is being
steadily raised. The best work ashore
is indispensable, but the highest duty
of a naval officer Is to exercise com
mand at sea. ' It is eminently desirable
that a naval general staff should be
established.
Isthmian Canal.
By the act of Juno 2S. 1902, the cou
gress authorized the president to enter
Into treaty with Colombia for the
building of the canal across the isth
mus of Panama, it being provided that
iu tho event of failure to secure such
treaty after the lapse of a reasonable
time recourse should be had to build
ing a canal through Nicaragua. It has
not been necessary to consider tills al
ternative, as I am enabled to lay be
fore the senate a treaty providing for
the building of the canal across the
isthmus of Panama. Tills was the
route which commended itself to the
tleliberate judgment of Hie congress,
and wo can now acquire by treaty the
right to construct the canal over this
route. The question now, therefore, Is
not by which route the Isthmian canal
shall be built, for that question lias
been definitely and Irrevocably decid
ed. The question Is simply whether or
not we shall have an Isthmian canal.
When the congress directed that we
should take Hie Panama route under
treaty with Colombia the essence ot
the condition, of course, referred not
to the government which controlled
that route, but to the route itself; to thu
territory across which tho route lay,
not to tho name which for tho moment
the territory bore on the map. Th.?
purpose of tho law was to authorise
the president to make a treaty with tl.
power in actual control of the Isthmus
of Panama. This purpose has been
fulfilled.
For 400 years, ever since shortly after
the discovery of Ihls hemisphere, t lie
canal across the , isthmus lias been
planned. For twoscore years it lias
lieen worked at. When made it is to
last .for the ages. It Is to alter the
geography of a continent and the trade
routes of the world. We have shown
by every treaty we have negotiated or
attempted to negotiate with the peo
ples in control of the isthmus and with
foreign nations in reference thereto our
consistent good faith in observing our
obligations, on Hie one hand to the peo
ples of the isthmus and on the other
hand to tliecivilizcd world, whose com
mercial rights we are safeguarding and
guaranteeing by our action. We have
done our duty to others In letter and In
spirit, and we have shown the utmost
forbearance in exacting our own rights.
Hepiidlatlon of Treaty by Colombia.
Last spring a treaty concluded lie
Iween the representatives of the re
public of Colombia and of our govern
ment was ratified by the senate. This
treaty was entered into at the urgent
solicitation of ilio people of Colombia
and after a body of experts appointed
by our government especially to go into
Hie matter of the routes across the
Isthmus had pronounced unanimously
In favor of the Panama route. In draw
ing up this treaty every concession was
made to the people and to the govern
ment of Colombia. We were more
than Just In dealing with them. Our
generosity was such as to make it a
serious question whether we had not
gone too far in their interest nt the ex
pense of our own, for in our scrupulous
desire to pay all possible heed not
merely to the real but even to tho
fancied rights of our weaker neighbor,
who already owed so much to our pro
tection nnd forbearance, we yielded iu
all possible ways to her desires in
drawing up the treaty. Nevertheless
the government of Colombia not mere
ly repudiated the treaty, but repudi
ated it in such manner as to make it
evident by the time the Colombian con
gress adjourned that not the scantiest
hope remained of ever getting a satis
factory treaty from them.
He volution In Panama.
The people of Panama had long been
discontented with the republic of Co
lombia, and they had been kept quiet
only by Hie prospect of the conclusion
of the canal treaty, which was to them
a matter of vital concern. When it be
came evident that the treaty was hope
lessly lost the people of Panama rose
literally as one man. Not n shot was
fired by a single man on the isthmus
iu the interest of the Colombian gov
ernment. Not a life was lost in the
accomplishment of the revolution. The
Colombian troops stationed on the isth
mus, who had long been unpaid, made
common cause with the people of Pan
ama, and witli astonishing unanimity
the new republic was started. The
duty of the United States in the prem
ises was clear. In strict accordance
witli the principles laid down by Sec
retaries Cass aud Seward, the United
States gave notice that it would per
mit Hie landing of no expeditionary
force, the arrival of which would mean
chaos and destruction along Hie line of
the railroad and of the proposed canal
and an Interruption of transit as an
inevitable consequence. The do facto
government of Panama was recog
nized. Under such circumstances the gov
ernment of the United States would
have been guilty of folly and weak
ness, amounting In their sum to a crime
against the nation, had it acted other
wise than It did when the revolution of
Nov. 3 last took place in Panama. This
great enterprise of building the inter
oceanic canal cannot be held up to
gratify the whims or out of respect to
the governmental impotence or to the
even more sinister and evil political
peculiarities of people who, though
they dwell afar off, yet, against the
wish of tho actual dwellers on the isth
mus, assert an unreal supremacy over
the territory. The possession of a ter
ritory fraught with such peculiar ca
pacities as the Isthmus in quest ion car
ries with it obligations to mankind.
The course of events has shown that
this canal cannot be built by prlvnte
enterprise or by any other nation than
our own; therefore It must be built by
the United States.
ev Treaty With Pniiiiinn.
Every effort has been made by tho
government of the United States to per
suade Colombia to follow a course
which was essentially not only to our
Interests and to the Interests of the
world, but to the Interests of Colom
bia itself. These efforts have failed,
and Colombia, by her persistence in a
pulslng the advances that have been
made, has forced us for the sake of
our own honor and of the interest and
well being, not merely of our own peo
ple, but of the people of the Isthmus of
Panama and the people of the civilized
countries of the world, to take decisive
steps to bring to an end n condition of
affairs which had become Intolerable.
The new republic of Panama Immedi
ately offered to negotiate a treaty with
us. This treaty I herewith submit.
By it our interests are better safeguard
ed than In tho treaty with Colombia
which was ratified by the senate at its
last session. It is better in Its terms
than the treaties offered to us by the
republics of Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
At last the right to begin this great
undertaking is made available. Pan
ama lias done her part. All that re
malus is for the American congress to
do its part, and forthwith this republic
will enter upon the execution of a
project colossal in its size nnd of well
nlgli incalculable possibilities for tho
good of this country and the nations of
mankind. .