THE FOREST REPUBLICAN.
RATES OF ADVERTISING:
One Square, one Inch, oneweek...) 1 00
One Square, one iucb, one month. S 00
One Sqnare, one inch, 3 months.... S 00
One Square, one inch, on year .... 10 00
Two Squares, one year...... ......... 15 00
Quarter Column, one year 30 00
Half Column, one year . 60 00
One Column, one year 190 00
advertisements ten cents par linn
each insertion.
We do fine Job Printing of every de
scription at reasonable rates, but it's cash
on delivery.
Pulilixliml every Wednesday by
J. E. WENK.
Offioe in Binearbaugh & Wenk Building,
KLM BTHKKT, TIONKNTA, fA.
Trnm. Sl.00 A Vrr, mrlrilj In Adraar.
No ulim-rlptlini received Air shorter
period limn tli rue inonthy
I'lirrcHiiiiiHli'iice wlilel, but no notice
will bo lnkiM of anonymous couunuulc.
llonn. Alwnjnlve your name.
VOL. XXXV. NO. 37.
TIONESTA. PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 3. 1902.
$1.00 PER ANNUM.
Forest
Republican.
UOHOUGH UFF1CKHS.
Imiimi. T. K. Kili'liey.
(NMritm. J. T. Italo, W. K. Mum,
Dr. J. V. Dunn, ). l.tinlon, J. It, Muse,
C. K. Weaver, j. W, ljaioiers.
Justice ol the reueeC A. Itandall, S.
J. Netley.
Constable S. H. Maxwull.
llleetur S. J. Hetley.
School lhrrctom-rl.. Fulton. J. C.
HcowiImi, J. K. Wuiik, I'atrlck Joyce, L.
Agnow, K. I,, llaxlvl.
FOREST COUNTY OFFICERS.
Member of Cunirent J. K. P. Hall
Member of A'tiinn A. M. Noeley.
A eaeinbly A. M.
I'leitutent .lHtieW. M. Miiilsey.
Amtocittte Jmlyet It. II. Crawford. W.
11. II. Dotterer
Vn(A(f'irv, ItegMerJt Recorder, ite.
John II. KiiliertMon.
Sheriff". J. W. Jxinln-.l.
lyetuurer t'ril, A. Keller.
()inminiiiinersH. M. Herman, John
T. ("arson. J. T. Dale.
Ihitncl Attorney S. I). Irwin.
jnry tninn1iatwri I.evl (1. Key
nolilx, Peter YoutiL'k.
kroner Dr. J. W. Morrow.
roimfy A urf.imvi J. K. Clark, It. J.
Klynn, Oei. I.. King.
t iunty XuiteriHtentient K. k. Stltxlu-
ger,
llraiilnr Trrni mt Cmmrt.
Fourth Mmi.liiy of February.
Third Monday of May.
Fourth Monday of Septemlier.
Third Montlay of November.
Church mm Hahhnlh Nckaal.
Prexby terlan Habbatli S lnxd at IM5 a.
111 ; M K. Salilmth Sehtxil at 10:110 a. ill.
I'rrau-liiiiK n M. K. ( hureh every Hab.
bath even 11m bv Kev. . II. N.rklo
l'reai hliiu ill the F. M. Church every
.Sabbath evening at the usual hour. Kev.
MMIarvv, I'aalor.
Herrlces ill the Presbyterian ( hurch
every riabbath morning and evening,
The regular meetiiurs of the W. C. T.
U. are held at dm headquarters on the
second ami fourth Tuesdays of each
ill' nth.
BUSINESS DIRECTORY.
PI NfiSTA I.ODUK, No. mm, I. O.O. F.
1 Meeta every Tueadny evHiilnir, In Odd
Fellows' Hall, Partridge building.
I IK F.ST I.ODUK, No. I8I.A.O.U.W.,
I Meets every Friday evening I11IA.O.U.
W. Hall, Tloiusta.
CAPT.UKOIMK STOW POST. No. 274
. A. R. MceU lat and 3d Monday
evening In each mouth, In A. O. U. W .
Hall, Tionesta.
CAPT. OKORUK STOW CORPS. No.
I;I7, W. K. C, inwts llrnl and third
Weilneadav evening nl each month, In A.
O. U. W. ball, Tionesla, Pa.
rpiONF.STATF.NT, No. lttl, K. O. T.
1 M., meeis '.iiiil and 4th Wednesday
evening in each month In A. O. U. W.
hall Tioneala, Pa.
'p F. R1TCIIFY,
1. ATTORN KY-AT-I.AW,
Tionesla, Pa.
OlIAtVKKY .V MUNN.
O AT I'OKX H YS-AT-LA W,
Warren, Pa.
Practice in Forest Co.
C. M. SlIAWKKY, UKO. II. MUNN.
AC. BROWN.
. . ATTORN EY-AT LAW.
Ollli-eln Arner lluildini!, Cor. Kim
and ItridgeSls., Tioneata, Pa.
J,
W. MORROW, M. D.,
Phvah'iaii. Hurireon A Dentist.
Office and Reaiilence throe doors north
of Hotel Agnew, Tionexla. Prol'esaloiial
calls promptly responded to at all hours.
I)
K. F.J. 1IOVARD.
Phvsician t surgeon,
TION I'.STA, PA.
DR. J. C. DUNN,
PHYSICIAN AND NUKDF.ON.
Olrlce over Heath it Killmer's stere,
Tionesta, 1'a. Professional calls prompt
ly respoudeil to at all hours or day or
light. Residence Kim St., between
li rove's gineery and.tlerow's restauranl.
Ull. J. I). ORKAVKS,
Pnysiciail anil Surgeon
Oillceand residence above The Davis
Pharmacy.
D
n. j
p. siooiNs.
Physician and Surgeon,
' OIL. CITY, PA.
is It. I.ANSON.
. Hardware, Tinning A Plumbing.
Tionesta, Pa
O J. SICTl.KY.
O. J IIS TICK OF TH E PKACK,
Keeps a complete line of Justice's blanks
for sale. Also Blank deeds, mortgages,
etc. Tionesta. Pa.
ItOTKI, WKAVF.K,
II K. A. WKAVHIt, Proprietor.
This hotel, formerly the Ijiwrence
House, has undergone a couipletechaiige,
and Is now furnished with all the mod
ern Improvements. Heated and lighted
throughout Willi natural gas, bathrooms,
hot and cold water, etc. The comforts ol
guests never neglected.
inENTKAI. HOUSE,
.t OF. ROW A OH ROW Proprietor.
Tlonseta, Pa. This is the most centrally
located hotel ill the place, and has all the
modern improvements. No pains will
be spared to make it a pleasant stopping
place for the traveling public. First
class l.iverv In connection.
pilIL. K.MERT
FANCY ROOT A SHOEMAKER.
Shop in Walters building, Cor. Elm
and W alnut streets. Is prepared to do all
Kinds of custom work from the finest to
the coarsest and guarantees his work to
f;ive perfect satisfaction. Prompt atten
ion vriven to mending, and prices rea
siftiable. J ORKNZO FULTON.
Manufacturer of and Dealer in
HARNESS. COLURS. BRIDLES,
And all kinds of
HORSE FURNISHING GOODS.
TIONESTA. PA.
GENERAL MERCHANTS.
Furniture Dealers,
AND
UNDERTAKERS.
TIONESTA, PENN
To tho Senate and House of Represent
Uvea:
We nt 111 continue In a period of un
bounded prosperity. Tills prosperity la
pot the creature of law, but undoubtedly
the luws under which we work huve been
Instrumental In c renting the conditions
which mude It possible, mid by unwise leg
'Miitlun It would be wisy though to destroy
t. Thoro will undoubtedly be periods of
It pne:uon. Tho wuve will recede, but the
lltio will advance. This nutloii Is seated
on a continent flunked by two great
oecutis. It io toniioatd of men the Ue
scenuunla of i-ioncra or, In a sense, pio
tierra themseivt s of men winnowed out
trom umoiitf the nations of the uld world
uy lh eh ryy. boldness and love of ad
vtnturo found In their own cuger hearts.
Buch u nation tu pi need will uurely wrst
bueceti frum fortune.
As u people we have pluyed a lurge part
In the woiiU, and we ure bent upon mak
ing our future vcn larger than the past.
In particular tiie weiitM o( tlie hint tour
yeam liae dt'lluiieiy diilcj tnal lr wue
or lor weal our ptm e i.i. fci te Ki't Minong
inj nations. u muy nitu-r tail gieatty
or guit'tl greatly, but we cannot avoid
tno tiiiiiavur trom wnich eitiicr great
f.tiiuro or treat HueeehS tuuHt tome. &veu
if we would vo cannot piay u smull part,
if wo suotild tr, all tnal woiiiti (oiiow
would be litut wu sltoaid pluy a large purt
ignobly uinl fchauit-f tiny.
Hut our people, the sons of the men of
the civil war, tne sons of the men who
hid iron in their buiod. rejoice in the
mvsciU and face the future higli of heart
and le-Holute U will, uurs is not the
treed of the a:.img and the coward;
oura t gomai o( hop and of tri
umphant endaor. We do not shrink
from the struggle Iwfore us. There are
inunv pmblema lor ta to face ul the out
mt of tho twenti.-tli c.ntury-Kravo prob
le::iu nl.road and sull gruve-r at home but
iu Know thai we can solve them, and
solve tin in w.'ll. proided only that we
hntig to the solution the uiilUirs f head
and h-iirt wl ill were sIiokii by the men
wuo in ihe u.is of Washington founded
tins government and in the days of i-in-1
ul tl preserved it.
No country has ever occupied a higher
plane of material well being than ours at
the present t.iouK-nt. This well being Is
due to no sudden or accidental causes, but
to the plav ol Die economic forces in this
country for over a century; to our laws,
our us turned und continuous policies;
above ull. lo (he high individual average
of our cltlat'tiship. tireat fortunes have
been won by those who have taken the
lead In this phenomenal Industrial devel
opment, and most of these fortunes hava
been won not by doing evil, but an an In
cid. nt 10 action whu h has beneht d the
community as a whole. Never b. tore has
material well being been so widely dif
fuhed among our people. Great fortunes
have b'ep. accumulated, and yet in the
aggregate these fortunes are amall In
deed when compared to the wealth of the
people as a whob. The plain people are
better vft than they have ever been be
fore. The insurance companies, which
are practically mutual bene tit societies
especially helpful to men of moderate
means represent accumulations of capi
tal which are among the laigest In this
country. There are more deposits In the
savings banks, more owners of farms,
more well paid wageworkers in this coun
try now than ever before In our history.
Of course win n the conditions have fa
vored the growth of so nun-h that was
pood tliev have also favored somewhat
the growth ol what was evd. It is eini
neiitlv necessary that we should endeavor
to cut out this evil, but let us keep a due
sense of proportion; let us not In fixing
our gaxc upon the lesser evil forget the
greater good. The evils are real, and
some of them ore menacing, but they are
the outgrowth not of misery or decadence,
but of pro-p-rny. of the prognss of our
gigantic Industrial development. This in
dustrial development muat not be checked,
but side by sale with it should g such
progressive regulation as will diminish
the evils. We should fad In our duty if
we did not try to remedy the evils, but we
shall succeed only if we proceed patient
ly, wild practical common sense as well
as resolution, He; aratiiiit the good from
the bad and holding on to the former
while tnde. ivonng lo get rid of the latter.
In iiiv message to the present congress
at Its llrst ses.sion 1 discussed at length
the i.ues-.lon of the regulation of those
big corporations commonly doing nn In
terstate business, often with some tenden
cy to monopoly, which are popularly
Known ns trusts. The experience of the
past year has emphasised. In my opinion,
tho dtsirnl.ility of the steps 1 then pro
posed. A fundamental requisite of social
eihclcncv is n high standard of individual
energy hihI excellence, but this Is In no
wise inconsistent with power to act In
combination for aims which cannot so
well be achieved by the individual acting
alone. A fundamental base of civilisation
is the Invio' 'blllty of property; but this is
in nowise Inconsistent with the right of
atK'letv lo regulate the exercise of the
nrtiticinl powers which It confers upon the
owners of property under the name of cor
porate franchises in such 11 way us to
prevent tlic misuse of these powers, t'or
pontttons. and (specially combinations of
corporations, should be managed under
public regulation. Kxperlenee has shown
that tinder our system of government the
necessary supervision cannot be obtained
by state action. It must therefore be
achieved by national action. Our aim la
not to do away with corporations. On the
rontrurv. these big aggregations are nn
Inevitable development of modern Indus
trialism, nnd the effort to destroy them
would bo futile unless accomplished In
wava that would work the utmost mis
chief to the entire body politic. We can
do nothing of goid In tho way of regulat
ing und supervising these corporations
until we fix clearly In our minds that we
are not uttacking tho corporations, but
endeavoring to do away with any evil in
them. We are not hostile to them. We
nre merely determined that they shall be
so handled ns to subserve the public good.
We draw the line against misconduct, not
ngnlnsl wealth. The capitalist who, alone
or in conjunction with his fellows, per
forms some great Industrial feat by which
he wins mom y Is n welldoer, not n wrong
doer, provided only he works In proper
and legitimate lines. We wish to favor
such u man when he does well. We wish
to supervise nnd control his actions only
. prevent him from doing ill. Publicity
can do no harm to the honest corporation,
and we need not be overtender about
sparing the dishonest corporation.
In curbing and regulating the combina
tions i'f capital which nre or may become
injurious to the public we must be care
ful not to stop the great enterprises which
have legitimately reduced the cost of pro
duction, not to a In union the place which
our country has won in the leadership of
the International industrial world, mt to
strike down wealth with the result of
closing factories and mines, of turning
the wag-worker Idle In the streets and
leaving the farmer without a market for
what he grows. Insistence upon the Im
possible means delay In achieving the pos
sible oxnctlv as. on the other hand, the
stubborn defense alike of what Is good
and what Is bid In the existing system,
the resolute effort to obstruct any at
tempt at betterment, betrays blindness to
the blstorle truth that wise evolution Is
the sure safeguard against revolution.
No ni'-ro Important subject can come
before the congress than this of the rcRii
Intlon of Interstate business. This country
cannot afford to sit supine on the pb-a
that under our peculiar system of govern
ment we an helpless In the presence of
the new conditions and unable to grapple
with them or to cut out whatever of evil
has nrisi-n in connection with them. The
power f the congress to regulate inter
state commerce is an absolute nnd tin
uuahhVd grant and without limitationa
other than those prescribed by the consti
tution The congress has constitutional
Biiihnrltv to make nil laws necessary and
proper for exec uting this power, and I am
satisfied that this power has not been x
ham.ted bv any legislation m-w on the
F'ntuto books It is evident, therefore,
that evils restrictive of commercial free
man and entailing restraint t:p; n nation il
commerce fall within the r-itultlye p v
cr of the congress nnd that a wis- :u:ij
reasonable law would be a necessary and
proper evrclse of congressional authority
to the end that such evils should be erad-
I'VeMeve lint nv-n polb-s. unjust dis
criminations, which prevent or '-rippl
roMinetition. fraudulent ovcrenpltnllzati n
and other wVs In trust organizations and
mirtlcea which injuriously affect Inter
state trade can be prevented under the
powr of tho cmgresji to "regulate com
merce with foreign nations and among
the several states'' through regulations
and requirements operating directly upon
such comm-rcc. the instrumentalities
thereof and ilu.su engaged therein.
1 earnestly recommend this subject to the
ronsldeiaiioii of the congress with a view
to the passage of a law reasonable In Its
provisions and effective ti lie operations,
upon which the questions can be finally
adjudicated tiiut now raise doubts as to
the necessity of constitutional amend
ment, if It prove impossible to accom
plish the purpose above aet forth by such
s taw, then assuredly we should md
shrink from amending the constitution so
us lo secure beyond perad venture the
power sought.
The congress has not heretofore made
any appropriation for the better enforce
m nt of the antitrust law us It now
stands. Very mu h has been done by the
department of Justice in securing the en
forcement of this law, but much mure
could be done if congress would make a
special appropriation fur this purpose, to
be expended under the direction of the
attorney general.
One proposition advocated has been the
r tl uc i tun ut the tariff as a means of
reaching the evils of the trusts which fall
within the category 1 have described.
Not merely would this be wholly Ineffec
tive, but the diversion of our efforts In
siu-h a direction would mean the aban
donment of all intelligent attempt to do
away with these evils. Many of the lar
gest corporations, many of those which
tdiould certainly be included in any proper
scheme of regulation, would not be af
fected In the slightest degree by a change
In the tariff, save as such change inter
fered with ihe general prospe-ny of th
country. The only relation of the tariff
to big corporations as a whole la that the
tariff makes mnnufaclnre proHtable. and
the tariff remedy proposed would be in
effect simply to make manufactures un
profitable. To remove the tariff as a
punitive men sure directed against t runts
would inevl.abiy result In ruin to tiie
we.tker competitors who are struggling
against them. Our aim should be not by
unwise tariff changes to give foreign prod
ucts the Hdvantngo over domestic prod
ucts, but by proper regulation to give do
mestic competition a fair chance, und
this end cannot be reached by any tariff
changes which would affect unfavorably
ull domestic competitors, good and bad
Hike. Th question of regulation of the
trusts stands apart from the question of
tariff revision.
Stability of economic policy must al
ways be the prime economic need of this
country. This stability should not be fos
sil iza l ion. Tiie country has u quiesced
in the wisdom of thf protective tariff
principle. It is exceedingly undesirable
that this system should le destroyed or
that there should be violent ami radical
cha nf.es therein. ur past experience
shows that great prosperity In this coun
try has always come uuderu protective tar
iff and that the country cannot prosper
under fitful tariff changes at short inter
vals. Moreover, If the tariff laws as a
whole work well and if business has pros
ptntl under them and is prospering, it is
te tter to endure for a time slight incon
venienrc! and Inequalities In some sched
ules than to upffet business by too quick
and too radieul changes. It is most ear
lostly to be wtstn-d that we could treut
the tariff from the standpoint solely of
our business needs. 1 1 Is, perhaps, too
much to hone that partisanship may be
entirely excluded from consideration of
the subject, but at bast It can be made
secondary to the business interests of the
couniiy that is. to the Interests of our
I'eople ii a a whole. Unquestionably these
uis i n ss Interests will Wst lie served If
tog. t her with lixily of principle as re
gards the tariff we combine a system
which will permit us from time to lime to
make the necessary reapplication of thi
principle to the shifting national needs.
e must take scrupulous care that the
reapplit ation shall be made In such a way
that it will not amount ton dislocation of
our system, the mere threat of which, not
to speak of the performance, would pro
duce paralvsiA in the business energies
of the community. The first considera
tion In making these changes would, of
course, be to presi t ve the principle which
underlies our whole tariff system that Is.
the principle of putting American busi
ness interests at bust on a full equality
with int'-resis abroad and of always al
lowing a auttleieiit rate of duty to more
than cover the difference between the,
labor cost hetc and abroad. The well be-
Inir of tlm wauevvorker. like the Well be
ing of the tiller of the soil, should be
tratel as an enseniiui in snaping our
whole economic policy. There must never
he imv change which will Jeopardise the
standard of comfort, tne stunuaru oi
wages, of the American wageworker.
tne way In which the readjustment
sought can be reached is by reciprocity
trenths. It Is greatly to be desired that
such treaties may be adopted. They can
be used to widen our markets and to give
.. irrfliii. r ftt-lil for the nctlvltlt S of OUT
product rs on the one hand, ami on the
otlier Hand IO secure in practical hhf
the lowering of duties when they are no
longer needed for protection amoni; our
own people or when the minimum of dam
age tfone mnv lie disregarded for the sake
of the maximum of good accomplished.
If It prove impossible to ratify the pend
ing treaties and If there seem to be no
warrant for the endeavor to execute oth
ers or to amend the pending treaties so
that thev can be ratltld, then the same
end to secure reciprocity should be met
by direct lei:'shition.
Wherever the tariff conditions nre sucn
that a needed change cannot with advan
tage he made by the application of the
reciprocity idea, then It can be made out
right by a lowering of duties on a given
product. If possible, such change should
be made only after the fullest considera
tion by praclh nl exierts. who should ap
proseh the subject from a business stand
point having in view both the particular
Interests affected and the commercial well
being t-f the people aa a whole. The ma
chinery for providing such careful inves
tigation can readily be supplied. The ex
ecutive department 1ms already at Its
disiK.sal methods of collecting- facts and
figures, nnd If the congress desires addi
tional consideration to that which will be
given the subjn t by Its own committees,
then a commission of business experts can
le appointed whose duty It should be to
recommend action by the congress after
a deliberate and aelentliic examination of
the various schedules as they are affected
bv the changed ami changing conditions.
The unhurried and unbiased report of this
commission would show what changes
should be made In the various sehedul-s
and how far these changes could go with
out also changing the great prosperity
widch Ihls country Is now enjoying or
upsetting Its fixed economic policy.
The cases in which the tariff can pro
duce a monopoly are so few as to consti
tute an Inconsiderable factor In the ques
tion; but. of course, if in any case it be
found that a given rate of duty does pro
mote a monopoly which works III. no pro-
!,., l.mUt tcotild nblect to such reduction
ol the dutv ns would equalise competition.
In mv Judgment, the tariff on nnthracite
coal should be removed and anthracite
put nctuallv. where It now is nominally,
on the free list. This would have no effect
at all save In crises; but In crises it might
lie of service to the people.
Interest rates are a potent fnctor In
business actlvltv. and In order that these
rates may bo equalized io meet tne vary
inif tii-t-ilfi of the seasons ami of widely
separated communities, and to prevent the
recurrence of financial stringencies wnn n
Injuriously affect legitimate business. It
js necessarv that there should be an ele
ment of elasticity In our monetary sys
tem. Hanks are the natural servants of
commerce, nnd upon them should Imj
placed, as far as prat th-able. the burden
of furnishing nnd maintaining a circula
tion nd -plate to supply the needs of our
diversified Industries and of our domestic
and foreign commerce, and the issue of
this should be so regulated that a suffi
cient siippiv should be always available
for the business interests of the country.
It would be both unwise and unneces
sary at this time to aitempt to recon
struct our financial system, which has
been the growth of a century, but some
additional legislation is. I think, desirable
The mere outline of any plan sufficiently
comprehensive lo meet these requirements
would transgress the appropriate limits
of this communication. It Is suggested,
however, that all future legislation on the
subject should be with the view of en
couraging the use of such Instrumentali
ties as will automatically supply evry
legitimate demand of productive Indus
tries and of commerce, not only In the
amount, but In the character of circula
tion and of making all kinds of money
Interchangeable and, at te will of the
holder, convertible into the established
gohl standard.
I again call your attention to the need
of passim: a proper Immigration law. cov
ering the points ouihn.-d in my m-fage
io ou at the t rst session of the Pnt
vnigr'-ss. Substantially such a bill has
already Msscd the house.
How to secure fair treatment alike fci
labor and for capital, how lo hold it
cheek the miser upulous man. whether em
ploy, -r or irir ioyet-, without weakening
individual ln. ai:Vc without hampering
and cramp'ng the industrial developmeni
of the (i.uutry. Is a piohbm fraught witr
gro.it thrhculiies snd one which it Is oi
Ihe highest Importance to solve on line
of sanity and fai?igliud common sense it
wed as of devotion to ihe right. This it
an era of federation and combination
Kxactly us business men rind they must
often work trough corporations, and ai
It Is a couniaut ten h-ncy of these corpora
tions to grow larger, so It Is often neces
sary for latjr,ng men to work in federa
tions, and th'Se have become Important
factors of modern industrial life. Both
kinds of led ration, capitalistic und IsUir,
tan tlo nn i ii (.cod. and us a necessary
corollary toev can b- ta do evil, opposi
tion to eueh kind of organization should
tae the form of opposition to whatever u
bat) in the conduct of any given corpora
tion or union, not of attacks upon cor
porations as svah nor upon unions aa
su h. f ir son' of the most farreachlng
b u ; nt w .;! tcr our people has been
aecon p.ithed through loth corKralion
and uinons. Ia- a must refrain from ar
bitrary or tyrannous Interference with
the rights of oihers. organized capital
and organised luKr alike should remem
ber th.it In the long run the interest of
each must be brought Into harmony with
the Interest of the general public, und Ihe
conduct of each must conform to th
fundamental rules of obedience lo the
law. of Individual freedom und of Justice
ami fair dealing luwurd all. Kach should
remember that in addition to power II
must strive after the realization of
healthy, lofty and generous ideals. Kvery
employ, r. ewrv wugeworker. must be
guaranteed his liberty ami his right to tlo
us be likes with his property or bis labor
so long as he does not infringe upon ihe
rights of others. It is of the highest Im
portance that employer and employe
alike should endeavor to appreciate each
the viewpoint of the other and ihe sure
disaster that will come upon both in the
long run if cither grows to take as habit
ual an attitude of sour hoHhity and dis
trust toward the other. I1 cw people de
strve belter t f the country than those rep
resentatiis both of capital and labor
and there are many such who work con
tinually to bring about a good understand
ing of thia kind, based upon wisdom ami
upon hroml and kindly sympathy between
employers and employed. Above all, we
need to remember that any kind of ctnss
antmcsily in the p' lit Ira I world Is, If pos
sible, ev en more wicked, even more de
structive to national welfare, than sec
tlohal. race or religious animosity. We
can get good government nly upon condi
tion that we keep true to the principles
upon which tins nation was founded and
bulge each m.ui not as a part of a class,
but upon his Individual merits. All that
we have a right lo ask of any man, rich
or poor, whatever his creed, his occupa
tion, his birthplace or his residence, if
that he slinll act well and honorably by
his neighbor and by his country. We are
neither for the rich man as such nor for
the poor man as such; we are for tho up
right man, rich or poor. So far as the
constitutional powers of the national Roy.
ernment touch these matters cf general
and vital moment to the nation, they
should be exercised In conformity with
tiie principles above set forth.
It is earnestly hoped that a secretary of
commerce may be created, with a seat In
the cabinet. The r; pid multiplication of
questions uffeetlng labor and capital, the
growth ami complexity of the organiza
tions through which both labor ami capi
tal now find expression, (he steady tend
ency toward the employment of capital in
huge corporations and Ihe wonderful
strides of this country toward leadership
In tiie International business world Justify
an urgent demand for the creation o(
such a position. Substantially all the
leading commercial bodies In this country
have united In requesting Its creation. It
Is desirable that some such measure as
that which has already passed the senate
bo i nat ted Into law. The creation of such
a department would in lts"lf be an ad
vance toward dealing with nnd exercising
sup'Tvislon over the whole subject of the
great corporations doing an interstate
laisiness, ami witn tms ena in view tne
congress should endow the department
with large powers, which could be In
crev.pfd as experience might show the
need.
t hope soon to submit to the senate a
reeinrocltv treat v with Cuba. On Mnv 2L
last the t'nlted 8tntrs kept Its premise to
the island bv formally vacating Cuban soil
ami turning Cn'ini over to those whom her
own pople had chosen as the llrst otti Minis
or tne new repuoiit.
Cuba lb s nt our doors, nnd whatever af
fects her for good or for ill affects us also.
So much have our ftcople felt this that In
tho rlalt amendment we tienniteiy ns'g
tho cround that Culm must hereafter ha vt
closer political relations with us than with
any otlier power. Thus In a sense Cuba
has become a part of our International
political system. This makes It necessary
that In return she should be given some of
the hem-tits of becoming part of our eco
nomic system, it is. rrum our own stand
point, h shortsighted and mlschb-vous pot
icy to fail to reeognize this need. More
over. It is unworthy of a mighty and gen
erous nation. Itself the greatest and most
successful republic In history, to refuse to
stretch out a helping hand to a young ami
weak sister republic Just entering upon
Its career of Independence. We should al
ways fenrb-aslv insist upon our rights in
the face of tho strong, nnd we should with
ungrudging hand tlo our generous duty
by the weak. I urge the adoption of recl
prochy with (ubu not only because It fs
eminently for our own Interests to control
the Cuban market and by every means to
foster our supremacy In the tropical-lands
ami wnlers south of us. but also because
we of the giant republic of the north
should make all mir sister nations of the
American continent feel that whenever
thev will permit It we deal re to show our
selves disinterestedly and effectively thtl
friend.
A convention with Great Hrltaln hn
been concluded, which will be at once laid
before the senate for ratification, provid
ing for reciprocal trade arrangements be
tween the ( lilted grates and Newfound
land on substantially the lines of the con
vention formerly negotiated by the secre
tary of state. Mr. lilaine. I believe reeip
rocal trade relations will be greatly to the
advantage of both e aintrl-s.
As civilization grows warfare becomes
lee nnd less the normal condition of for
eign relations. The last century has
veil a marked diminution of wars be
tween civilized powers. Wars with un
civilized powers are largely no-re matters
of international police duty, essential for
the welfare of the world. Wherever pos
sible arbitration or some similar method
should le employed In lieu of war to settle
difficulties between civilized nations, nl
t hooch as vet the world has not pro
gressed sufficiently to render It possible
or necessarily desirable to Invoke arbitra
tion In every case. The forms t ion of the
International tribunal which sits at The
MaRuo is an event of good omea from
which groat consequences for the welfare
of all mankind may flow. It Is far better
where possible to Invoke such a perma
nent tribunal than to create special arbi
trators for a given purpose.
It is a matter of si mere congratulation
to our country that the I'nited States and
Mexico should have lieen the first to use
flie good offices of The Hague court. This
was done iast summer with most satis
factory results In the case ut n claim at
Isaue between us and our sister republic.
Jt is earnestly to Im hoped that this first
case will serve ss a precedent for others.
In which not only the I'nited States but
foreign nations may take advantage of
the machinery already In existence at
The Hague.
I eomm'nd to the favnrnblo considera
tion of Ihe congress the Hawaiian fire
claims, which were the subject of careful
Investigation during Ihe last session.
The congress has wisely prov-qed thai
we shall build at once an Isthmian canal.
If possible at Panama. The attorney gen
eral reports that we can undoubtedly ac
quire good title from the Krem h l'au.ima
en mil company. Negotiations are row
pending with Colombia to secure her as
sent to our building the canal. This canal
will be one of the greatest engineering
feats of the twentieth century, a greater
engineering feat than has yet been ac
complished during the history of mankind.
The work should be carried tail as a con
tinuing policy without regard to change
Of administration, and It should be begun
tinder etrenmslunces which will make H
n matter of pride for nil administrations
to continue Ihe pdh y.
The canal will In- of great benefit to
America and of Importance to ull the
world. It will ! of advantage to us In
dustrially and also as improving our mil
itary position. It will If of advantage to
tlo 'countries of tropieal Ann-rua. It is
enrn-stly to fie hoped (hat all of these
conn Ties will do as so -no of thern have
ulreade done with sixtui! success and will
Invite lo their tores commerce and lm- ,
prove their material conditions by ncog-,
dining that stability and order are the!
prerequisites of successful development, i
u tndettcndcnr nation in America need
five the slightest fear of agrrVasIon from
u I nited btatcs. It behooves each one
to maintain order within Its own borders
and to discharge Its Just obligations to
loroigncra. nen tms is done, ihey can
rest assured thut. be they strong or weak,
they have nothing to dread from outside
Interference. More ami more the increas
ing Interdependence and complexity of
International political and economic rela
l:nna render It incumbent on ull civilized
I ml orderly powers to insist on the proper
poli( ing of the world.
i Hiring the fall of lyl a communication
was addressed to Ihe secretary of state
asking whether permission would be
grunted by the president lo a corporation
to loy a cable from a point on the Cali
fornia coast to the Philippine Islands by
Way of Hawaii. A statement of condi
tions or terms upon which such corpora
tion would uudtrlake to lay and operate
a cable Was Volunteered.
Inasmuch as the congress was shortly to
convene and Paeitic cable legislation had
been the subject of consideration by the
congress for several years. It seemed to
me wise to dr-fer action upon the applica
tion until the congn-sa had first on oppor
tunity to act. The congress adjourned
without taking any union, leaving the
matter In exactly the same condition in
which it stood when the congress con
vened. Meanwhile it appears that the Commer
cial Paeitic Cable company had promptly
proceeded with preparations for laying its
cable. It also made application to the
president for access to and use of sound
ings taken by the I nited H"'tea steamship
Nero for the purpose ot discovering a
practicable route for n transpucitic cable,
the company urging that with access to
these soundings it could complete Its cable
much sooner than if it were required to
take sounding upon its own account.
Pending consideration of this subject it
appeared important and desirable to at
tach certain conditions to ihe permission
to examine and use the soundings if il
should be granted.
in consciiueuce of this solicitation of Ihe
cable company certain conditions were
formulated, upon which the president was
willing lo allow access to these sound
ings and to consent to the landing and
laving of the cable, subject to any altera
tions or additions thereto Imposed by tne
congress. This was deemed proper, espe
cially as It was clear that a cable con
nection of some kind with China, a for
eign country, was a part of the company's
plan. This course was. moreover, in ac
cordance with a line of precedents. Includ
ing President (irant s action in the case
of the llrst French cable, explained to the
congress in his annual message of De
cember. 1ST5, und the Instance occurring
In P?J of the second French cable from
Prcst to 8t. Pierre, with a branch to
Capo Cod.
These conditions prescribed, among oth
er tilings, n maximum rate for commer
cial m ssagca nnd that the company
should construct a line from the Philip
pine Islands to China, there being nt pres
ent, as is well known, a British line from
Manila to Hongkong.
The representatives of the cable compa
ny kept these conditions long under con
sideration, continuing In the meantime to
prepare for laying Ihe cable. Thev havo.
however, at length acceded to them, and
nu all American line between our Paeitic
coast and the Chinese empire bv way of
Honolulu ami the Philippine Islands Is
thus provided for and Is expected within
a few months to be ready for business.
Among the conditions Is one reserving
the power of the congress to modify or re
peal any or nil of them. A copy of the
conditions Is herewith transmitted.
Of Porto Kico It Is only necessary to say
that the prosperity of the island and the
wisdom with which It has been governed
have been such ns to make It serve as an
example of all that Is best In Insular ad
ministration. On July 4 last, on the one hundred and
twenty-sixth anniversary of the declara
tion of our Independence, peace and am
nesty were promulgated In the Philippine
islands. Home trouble has since from
time to time threatened with the Moham
medan Moms, but with the late insurrec
tionary Filipinos ttie war has entirely
ceased. Civii government has now been
introduced. Not only does each Filipino
enjoy such rl;;l.ts to life, liberty and the
pursuit of hnppiness aa he has never be
fore known during the recorded history of
the Islands, but the people, taken as a
whole, now enjoy a measure of self gov
ernment greater than that granted lo any
other orientals by any foreign power and
greater than that enjoyed by any other
orientals under their own governments
save the Japanese alone We have not
frone too far in granting these rights of
Iherty nnd self government, but we have
certainly gone to the limit that In the In
terests of the Philippine people themselves
It was wis or Just to go. To hurry mat
ters, to go faster than wo arc now going,
would entail calamity on the people of
the Islands. No policy ever entered Into
by the American people haj vindicated It
self In more signal manner than tho poli
cy of hiddlng the Philippines. The tri?
umph of (Mir arms, above all the triumph
of our laws and principles, has come soon
er than wo had any right to expect. Too
much praise cannot be given to the army
for what it has done In the Philippines,
both in warfare ami from nn administra
tive standpoint. In preparing the way for
civil government, and similar credit he
longs to tiie civil authorities for the way
In which they have planted the seeds of
self government in the ground thus made
ready for them. The courage, the un
flinching endurance, the high soldierly effi
ciency and the general kind heartedness
and humanity f our troops have been
strikingly manifested. There now remain
only some l.Vuoi troops In the Islands. All
told, over loi.uiM have been sent there. Of
course there have been Individual In
stances of wrongdoing among them. They
warred under fearful difficulties of cli
mate and surroundings, and under the
strain of the terrible provocations which
they continually received from their foes
occasional Instances of cruel retaliation
tM'cnrred, Kvery effort has been made to
prevent such cruelties, and finally these
efforts have been completely successful,
Kvery effort has also been made to de
lect and punish the wmngihH-rs. A fter
making all allowance for these misdeeds
It remains true that few Indeed have been
the Instances In which war has been
waged bv a civ ilized nower against semi-
clvillzed or barbarous forces where there
has boon so little wrongdoing by the vic
tors as in tin Philippine islands. On the
other hand, the amount of dillb ult. Impor
tant and beneficent work which has been
done Is well nigh Incalculable.
Taking the work of the army and the
civil authorities together, it may be ques
tioned whether anywhere else In modern
times the world has seen a better exam
ple of real constructive statesmanship
than our people have given In the Philip
pine Islands. High praise should also bo
given those Filipinos In the aggregate
very numerous who have accepted the
new conditions and Joined with our repre
sentatives to work with hearty good wi'l
for the welfare of the islands.
The army has been reduced to the mini
mum allowed by law. Jt Is very small for
the size of the nation ami most certainly
should bo kept nt the highest point of eftl
ciency. The senior officers are given scant
chance under ordinary conditions to ex
ercise commands commensurate with their
rank under circumstances which would tit
them to do their duty in lime of actual
war. A system of maneuvering our army
In lodies of some litlle size tuts been be
gun and should be steadily continued.
Without such maneuvers it Is folly to ex
pect lhat in the event of hostilities with
any serious foe even a small armv corps
could he handled to advantage, itoth our
ntficers and enlisted men are such lhat
we can take hearty pride In them. No
better materf-il can be found. Hut tin
must be thoroughly trained, both ns Indi
viduals nnd in the mass. The marksman
ship of the men must receive speeial at
tention. In the circumstances of modern
warfare the man must act far more on
Ids own Individual responsihillty than
Ivor before, ami the high individual etll
tiency of the unit Is of the utmost Im
ortanoe. Formerly this unit whs the
tegiment. It Is now not the regiment, not
tven the troop or company; It is the Indi
Hdual soldier. Kvery effort must be made
o develop every workmanlike ami sol
dierly quality In both the olllcer and the
enlisted man.
I urgently call y our attention lo the
need of passing a bill providing for a gen
eral staff and for the reorganization of
the supply departments on the lines of the
bill proposed by the secretary of war last
year. When the young officers enter ihe
srmv from West Point, they probably
Hand above their compters in any other
military service. Kvery effort should he
made by training, by reward of merit, by
scrutiny inio their careers and capacity,
to keep them of tin same high relative
irxoellcnec throughout their careers.
The m.-asure providing for (tie reorg-m-,7a
I inn of the militia s stent and for sot-tiring
Ihe highest ctlie(. ncy In the n.ttlon
ll guard, which has already passed the
louse, should tecelve prompt attention
Hid action. It Is ( great Import nice that
the lOlati'.a of tae nru.cna.1 guard to the
militia and V ;..:Mcer forces of the I; nited
Stat- a shocld be oeti;o 1 and that in place
of ta r pr sent obsolete laws a practical
ami cilieietit evsN-m should he adopted.
Provision should be mule to enable the
secretary of war to keep cavalry and ar
tillery hordes worn out In Ion;; perform
ance of duty. Such hors. s fetch but a
trifle when sold, and rather than turn
them out to tiie misery awaiting them
when thus disposed of il would be better
to employ thern ut light v.oi'U around the
posts and when necessary lu put them
p.iinh ssiy to death.
For the lirst time In our history naval
maneuvers on a large scale are being he lu
under the Immediate command of the ad
miral of the r.avy. Constantly increasing
attention ie beii't: paid to the gunnery ot
the navy, but it is yet far from what il
should bo. 1 earnestly urge that the in
crease asked for by 1 1n secretary of the
navy lu the appropriation for Improving
the marksman:,. tip be granted. In battle
the only shots that count are the shots
that hit. It is necessary to provide ample
funds for practice with the great guns In
time of peace. These funds must provide
not only for the purchase of projectiles,
but for allowances for prizes to tncoui
ago the gun crews, and specially the gun
pointers, and for perfecting an intelligent
system umh r which alone it Is possible to
get good practice.
There should be no halt In the work of
building up the navy, providing every
year additional lighting craft. We are n
very rich country, vast in extent of terri
tory nnd great In population, a c uniry,
moreover, which has an army dimi!i..,,ve
indeed when compared with that cf any
other first class power. We have deliber
ately made our own certain foreign poli
cies which demand the pisse.sHion of a
first (lass mivj. The isthmian canal will
greatly increase the etliciem y of our navy
if the navy is of sullicient size, but if we
have an Inadequate navy then the build
ing of the canal would be merely giving a
hostage to any power of sup -rior strength.
The Monroe doctrine should be fr. ated as
the cardinal feature of American foreign
policy, but It would b w re th:':i i !!e
to assert it unlesB wo Intended to back it
up. and It can be hacked up "illy by a
thoroughly good navy. A good navy is
not a provocative of war. it is the surest
guaranty of peace.
Kach Individual unit i f our navy should
be I ue most elllcient of its kind as regards
both material and p -rrona-1 thi.t la to b
found In the world. I call ymir special
attention to the need of providing for the
manning of the ships. Serious trouble
threatens us If wo cannot do belter th in
we are now doing as r.-gards securing the
services or a sutlielent number of ihe high
est type of sailormen. of sea ni"ehanleM.
The veteran seamen of our warships are
of as high a typo as can he found in any
lie-vy which rides Ihe waters of tho world.
They are unsurpassed in daring, in reso
lution, in readiness. In thorough knowl
edge of their profession. They deserve ev
ery c-'tifiid-ration that can bo sh wn them,
lint there are not enouuli of tln-m. It Is
no more possible to Improvise a crew than
It Is possible to Improvise a warship. To
build the llnest ship, with tho deadliest
battery, and to send It afloat with a raw
crew, no matter how brave they were In
dividually, would I o to Insure disaster if a
foe ef average capacity were enountered.
Neither ships nor mm can be improvised
when war h is begun.
Wo need n tin us ind additional officers
In order to properly man tho ships now
provided for nnd under construct ion. Tho
classes nt the naval school nt ,VinapoliM
should be greatly enlarged. At tho same
time lhat wo thus add th" officers where
We need them. WO should facilitate the re
tirement of I hose lit tho head of the list
whose usefulness has become Impaired.
Promotion must be fostered if the service
Is to be kept etllclellt.
Tho lament;. hie scarcity of oPlcers nnd
the large number of recruits and of un
skilled men necessarily put aboard the
new vessels as th,y have been commis
sioned has thrown upon our ojlieers. and
especially fin the nontenants and Jonlor
grades, unusual labor ami fatigue and has
gravely strained their powers of endur
ance. Nor is there sign of any immediate
letup In this strain. It must c -"'Intie for
some time longer until more '.,1citu are
graduated from Annapolis an I cntil the
recruits become trained ami skillful In
their duties. In these ditllcultb-s Incident
upon the development f v,lir hVi t Ihe
conduct of all our ollicers lias been cred
itable to the service, and the lieutenants
and Junior gnohs in particular have dis
played tin ability and a steadfast cheer
tahievt whi h entitle tie m to t be unurudginit
ttiiinV- ef all who realize the dinlnnrteiiitig trutli
nn 1 1 fiitWui'M lo which they are of neccj-uiy sub-J..I.-.I.
'Hun h not a tie ml cm tin- liirin it ptvent.
Then- Hi-nut Del i slilitt'-l i li.an-e of Iroiibl
witli u fiMi-imi pitivi r. We mi nuncaly hoite
lliut tli i- -Lite of tliitiic tally coin nine, mid the
whv In inuiv its cotitinuanie in to provide for a
t loirnugbly i-ttnicnt riayt. 'I ri fu-:d to main
tain mhIi a mn v unii Id ho ut' tonilile, mtd If
Iroiililf cmti'- weald in-iire di;iter. l-'.iitieiH n-lf
mmpliit nit y er vanity er hlmi i-iiditi-iliies in re-fii-inx
to prepare for dancer is belli f.idi and
wit h oil in tn.li a ii.n ion us mn-, and p.ot expi-ri-pme
lias xlimvti tl-Ht -ikIi fjtniiv in rrtu-tti tu
ri'toutiizc er pripiive for any en-it in hiIuihc Is
iiMialty mii l; a by a mad panic of liyntt-riial
frtir onte tiie iri-in dan aelnally aimed.
The -trikinif im irate ill tin1 r v'iinct of Die
pe-piiliic if. ii.irinn nt nliiws clearly tiie pm-perity
of mir pi'iipM' and tlic incrcaMiig a tiwiy of (lie
Ini-inev of i lie i mail ry.
The receipt of tin- potonVe depart Illt-tlt for
the (Seal year ending June H'l last uiuoiinletl to
r.!l,M,U47.'2ti, an inert'-' of siii.iilii.sVl.nT uvi-r
tin iiit-i i dinn ear, lite laurel incie.i. Miewn in
Hie ItiMorv of t be puli M-rviee. The m-mnitiide
of tin narrate uill be-t ups-ar fnan the fact
i ha I il mire pn-hit renjpu for the vur is)
amounted tt but -..'dN,aiT.
Itui.il free1 delivery ncnice Is no longer in tho
experimental It lia Iwt erne a livd p'dirt.
The ivoiilt following it introiliKlion lime nilly
jiMiftril the t oiur in ihe Ijiui- appri'pnat i"lH
inaoe (m i' i : ;i ' t - li itieut a th I rvloi -urn. 'J li'
nveiairr vna Iv im rvanv in neinttlie receipt in
the nn. 1 1 dMiii w ul the eninitiy i about 2 per
cent. H e are now able, bv a tnal retail , lo
!liow thai where rural free delivery senit-c ban
)ieeii f-l.d'lUhi d lo stall Ha t xteiit a lo enable
in to make fomp.iri-on the yearly increase liaa
Uell UMIII(I of )U per ei-tll.
n Vo. I, pur,'. ll.ii.Vl rural frep delivery
rmitin had been t-tahli-hi'd uinl were in ocralion,
i ot el iiiK h I tout one-1 liird of the lei i itory of ihe
1 nited Shuck available for rural hee delivery
sen nr. Then1 are imw awaiiimr (lie action of
Hie ih-MHrtiiient petition and applh a iont for the
rMiihlidunetil of pl.71 additional roiih t. Thi
hhowt t orn lu-ie! tin- want whii h Hie etahlili
merit of the Mt-rtne has met and the need ul fur
l her extending it uti rapidly m pussihle. It ii
jiMitl. il both by the tinani ial re-ailt und by the
manual beiietlu to our rural population; it
brum the men wliu lite on the noil inio t lone
relation with the elite hii-ine wtald; it keeps
the tanner in daily lorn Ii with the market; it I
a Mttrlili;d edin atiolial foree; it eiili.un i the
value of fa tin property. inakeH fuini life lar
pleasinti r and It ivdaled, and will tlo mneli to
ilftk Hit- undeniiable current from country tu
eiiy.
It i to It? hoped that Ihe conure will make
libetul upprnpiiatioiiM fr Ihe loniimiimt of the
aerti't alinoly e-iHhli-hed and for it fori her ex
tension. KeW Mihjfi H of more importance luve hren
taken up bv Ihe cam re- renin eart llian
the iiiHUKiir.iti -n of the stolen) of naiioiully anhd
imitation nr Ihe arid reuion of ihe far v. -l.
A koI heuinninif therein ha Ii - n made. Now
lhat this poliet of national brutal h-n hi been
adopted the need of tlior-myli and eieiiiihe foret
pmleetlon will urotv mure rapidly I liau eter
tliroiiithnilt the public land Male.
I.eij-:iHfiti hnjd Im- ptotidei) fur the protec
tion ol the u.iliie and the wild natures k li.T
ally nn the fote-i rfunr", Tin- H ii-ih- ida ash
ler of icantf, whiili can by jmlit iotn protection lie
jwrmaiieiilly precneil mi our lull ioii.il re-en en
for the p-(iple a nh'de. .le-wl-l Ih stopped at
once. Il in, for iniiuii'e, a ierion- count auain-t
our national good wiw to peimit the pie nt
tnaeti.e of liMlehciiiig off tin Ii a utatelv arid
b ant ilnl creature u the elk for iti anth iM or
tn-k.
So far ai t hey nre available for o'rini!t and
t whao-ver extiiil i hey may ln n lain. el filer
tie iialiomtl iirm.eii'h l.nv, tin- r in.oi.h-.: a. hiie
?nihN ohonld 1 U ld runlly fr the Imm h.nhh r.
the settler win lite- on lii.t land, and for no one
else. In tlitir It find u-e the -sett land law,
the timber and -a "tie law and l nanutat in
rluile of the Itome-lead law hate le.n w p'T
verted from the hiientmn with vhieh they were
rnuelrd a- te iermit the at-pii-iiion of lar.-e
areas of the public domain for other ihan aiiul
Mttlers and the t on-iii' nt poventinri of settle
ment. Moi'eowr, the ui.proai lani( i-xlum-thm of
the public ranges ha of late led to mm h dis-eu-sion
as lo th - b -l tn.ituier el ii-iug I lo pub
li. L.I..U in t ti.- n-. -t vi hi-h arr -int.ihh' t lib tU' or
oid lor truinif The i.un.l ami -t a-' ehr
llieiit of the tesl ! iemN lltoil Tin- lillii-Ulitf 'jp
el le.niiK therm. Maeh o our pro-peiity as a
nation by been hie lo tin op-iatnni ot t lie iioiwe-
fteml law. (Hi t!:e til her hand, we I.oii .1 moy
Hire the fuel thai in the wrnnuiir region the man
i turrt-poiids to the I ieJe.ch i mav lie un
able to settle p'rmarifialv if oi.lt alh... l use
the iaiiip amount of p.i-Hire laud lh.il hi" broih'T,
the li.mieMiad. r. is allowed lo u-e of arable lurid,
(mo hundred and -mv n- res ot foil rah and
well watored -oj or a imi.li -i, t'l.r am t !
irrigated land iruv k". p a fimilv hi ph'itv, tt Ii le
as io cue c"iiM get a litli.it ootn oo a.o-s or
drr lu-lur- I. aid tapable of - -Tt if. at the
mil-i'le old one h-a'l entile to et. rv Ii n a. P.
In thf M-I ii i eat traits oi n.e piioot tm
bate btn baud in by mrson lutim; m ul Ic ,
thereto, in direct defiance of the taw forbidding
tin maintenance or constrmtlun of any such un
lawful inclomin of public land. for various
r bmhis tie re has been littlf interference with
aa Ii iiulo,uiei in the pa.t. hut ample notice hai
now been Kiwn thr tteapasM-rs, and all the re
Sc. vi nes at (he command ot tne government will
her- afier be ud to put a tt p to tut h trespassing.
In new of the rapital importaiu-e ut these mat
ters I commend them to the earnest con-ideration
of the congress, and if the congress finds diffi
culty in dealing with them from Ink of thorough
knowledge of the subject 1 recommend that pro
vision be made fer a cummipsion ot expert spe
cially lo iiiiektiate and report upon the com
plnat'd question invoked.
I epciallv iire upon the congress the need ol
wi-e leuia.alioii fur Alaska. It is not to our
tr'dil us tuti'.n that Alaska, which has been
ours for thirty-five years, should ttill have as poor
a sy-tetn ef laws as is the case. No country has
a more valuable po-Ms-ion in mineral wealth, in
fi-lieries, furs, feie-ts ami also in land available
for teiuin kunis of farming and Slock growing.
Il is a teirin.jy of great sou: and varied re
sounef. well tilted to buppnrt Urge permanent
population. Ahe-ka lieeils a good land law and
mii h piovinioii tor boimsteads and pre-emptions
as uill cmmirau'e permanent srttlement. Wu
should thape Ituidation with a view not to the
exploiting and abandoning of the territory, but
to the buihiing up ef homes tic-rein. Thr land
lawn sliuul'l be hiatal in type, mi as to bold out
brim em. ills to i be a.tiul settler whom we most
ilviit to ee take poM'tsion of the country, Tha
for. Ms of Ala-ka tdiutild be protec ted, and, as a
aeeondary but Kill inioriant matter, the game
a bo, o tit I .it (he -a tne time it is imperative lhat
Ihe settlers should be allowed lu cut timber, im
thr proper nKuIatioiis, for llielr own use. Laws
sliiiiinl be emu led to protect the Alaskan salmon
h-ieii.-s a i; a i nst the giet-.l which would destroy
them. They should be preserved as a permanent
bhhixtry and te.nl supply. Their management
and control should be turned over to the cummin
se.n of ti-h and ti-heries. Alaska should have a
delegate in the ronn-. It would be w. II if a
torn; n vdoiiul committee could vuit Alaska and
inesiii;aie iis needs on the ground.
In tiealinif with the Indians our aim shouM be
their ultimate ah-orplimi into the body of our
people, but in nmiy cases this absorption must
and Miould lw very sbw. In portions of the In
dian Tiiritory the mulure of blood lias Rone nn
at the Mime lime with progress in wealth and
education, mi thai there are plenty of men with
,ir cu degrees of purity of Indian blood who
are ab-oluirlv indi-tingui.shable in H,int of social,
politual and economic ability from their white
usMxiatts. There are other tubes which have as
jet made no peneptible advance toward audi
equality. To try In force Mich tribes ten fast is
to prevent their Roing forward at all. Moreover,
the irihes live uinlcr widely different conditions.
U In re a tril'f hs made considerable advance and
lic on fertile farming soil it is Hiible to allot
the members lamln in sveralty mutli as Is the
case with white Met Hers. There are other tribes:
where hicIi a coiir-e is not desirable. On the
arid praiiie lands tiie i ffert should le to induce
the biibaiis to lead pisioiat rather than agricul
tural lites and lo permit litem lo settle in vil
lages rather than to force them into isolation.
The lark'f Indian schools situated remote from
any Indian recitation do a epecial and peculiar
work of great importance; hut, excellent tlinuifh
the-e are, nn immense amount of additional work
mu-t be done on the reservations thcnwelv
anmiu the old, and, aUive ill, among the youn,
Indians.
The tirt and most important step toward the
ahsii-pi ion of the Indian is lo leach him to earn
his lunik'. et il Is imt necovtarily to Im? a warned
that in cadi cotnmun.ty all Indians must become
eilher tillers of the noil or Mack rais.nt. Tli'ir
imiu-iries may properly he diversified, and those
who -how speeial iie?i re or adaptability for indue
thai or even tunumrcial pursuits should Ih en-
oiirauid ho far as practiiable to fellow out each
his own bent.
Kery etle.it should le made to develop the In
dian along the lines of natural aptitude ami In
enco inane the existing native industries: peculiar
to certain tribes Midi as the van oils kinds of
b:i-k-1 weaving, t :inoe buileiug-, Miiith Work and
blanket work. Above all. the Indian boys and
(tirls should be Kit en confident command of rol
lotMiiffl Kmdisli and should ordinarily be prepared
for a vigorous plumule with tiie conditions under
which tle ir peoplt? live rather than for immedi
ate absorption into some mure highly developed
toiiiiiiiinii t .
The otfii i.d-t who represent the jrovernmcnt In
dealing wiih the Indians work under hard condi
tions and a l-o under condition width render it
t-a-y to tlo wrong and v.rv dilrlciilt to detect
wromr. CoiiM-ipiditly they utiouhl te amidy paid
on Ihe one hand, and on the otlier hand a par
tit obit ly hiudi standard t.f tomlucl should be de
manded from them, and where misconduct can ba
proved the puni-dnuent should be exemplary.
In no dipartmctit of jjovemmental work In re
cent years has there been greater faeces than
in tint of githtg st entitle aid to the farming:
imputation, thereby i.howin(f them how mml t m-ti-nllv
o help themtwbes. There is no need of
in-isting upon its importance, for the welfare of
the farmer is fundamentally necessary to the
Welfare of Ihe republic as a whole. In addition
In iu h work as ipiamntine ana i list animal and
vegetuble plastics, and warring against them when
here introduced, much efficient help has lieen ren
dered lo Hie farmer by the introduction of new
plains specially fitted "for cultivation under the
peeiiliar conditions existing in different portions
of the country. New cereals have been established
in l be seniiurid west, for instance, the practi
labiliiy of prod m in g Ihe best type of macaroni
wl.ca s in regions of an annual rainfall of only
ten ntlies or I hereabout has been conclusively
demonstrated. Through the introduction of new
rites in Louisiana and Texas the production of
lite in tliis country has lieen made lo about rn.ua I
thi' home demand. In the southwest Ihe possibil
ity of r gracing overstocked runc lands has been
demonstrated; in ihe north many new foraffe
imps have been introduced, while In the east it
lias been shown lhat seine of our choicest fruits
can he stored and shipped In such a way as to
lind a profitable market abroad.
1 ai;in rcfommeiid to the favorable considera
tion ei the com; re mi Ihe plans of Ihe Smithsonian
ti.tl it nl i'.n fr making the iiiiHeiini under its
iharge worthy of the naiinn ami for presenilis;
ni the national capital not only records of the
vani-hing races of men, but of tl.e animals of this
contiiieiil thieh, like the buffalo, will soon In
come extinct unless specimens from which their
representatives may Ik- renewed are sought in
tin ir native regions and maintained there in
safety.
The District ' Columbia In the only part of
our Icrritoiy in which the national government
evenl-i'i local or municipal functions and where
in cen-eipience the government has a trre. hand
in reference to cerluin types of social and eco
nomic legislation whuh mut b es mially local
or munitipal in their cltnmet-r. The government
tdiould si e to it, for instance, that the hygienie
ami iatiiliirv Icuislmion aiTccting Washington ii
of a high character. The eils of rb.m dwellings,
whether in Ihe i-hape of crowded and connesleil
tenement l ou-e " isi rids or id the bc k alley
ttpc, should never be permitted t row up in
Wa-hinyloti. The city should be a model in rtery
rt-pct for all the titles of the country. The
charitable and correctional systems of the lus
tra t should receive consideration at tin hands of
the congress lo the end that thev may embody
Ihe results of the lml advanced thought in these
fields. Moreover, while Washington is not a great
indu-lii.il city, there is some iiniu-tri altsai here,
ami our labor b-gi-lalion, while il would not Ite
lniH.rtant in itself, might be made a model for
the re-t of the nation. We should pa, for in
sl.trac, a wi-e employer's liability ml for the Dis
trict of l ehimhia. and we m-efl such an act In
our naw tanls. It.tilmnl companies in the Dis
trict ought lo I reijuind bv law to block their
frog.
The safely appliance law, for the better pro
tnlion of the lite and limbs of railway em
pl..vee, vthhh was passed in ivtf, went into full
effect on Auur. 1. l'"l. It has resulted hi avert
ing thoii-ands of t asualtie. Kxperiem e shows,
however, the net cvhy of additional I ffnlatbm
to perfei t t Iti- law. A loll to provide for ibis
im-miI Ihe senate at the lat session. It is to lx
hoped that some such nnu-ure may now be en
a ted into law.
There is a grnwtnir tendem y to provld.- for iUm
pubiii at ion t.f m.i cs of documents for which
tlere is no public demand and for the printing of
wluili thcie is no real necijtv. l-atge tv.-mbers
cf obintet are t iirned out by the hv comment
printing presses for shuh there is no jimtill.-ition.
Nothing fhoiibl lw printed bv an of the dprt
m. ins uld--h it tontaius something of ;"iiutv.it
table, and (he rongrrss could with ad;-;i!ftfce rut
down very mi't rmlly on all the printi:-' w!d h
il has iiotv become rtistoiitary to provide. The
etce-"ite cost of novernmeitt printing is a strong
aigumi-nt against ihe (widen ef ihox- who aru
im lined on ali-tract grounds lo advoi ale the pur.
cn.ment's dninir any work lib h can with pro
piti i t- lie b ft in pnvale hands.
tiiatir.ting pro-ie- has b. en made durina; the
v.ar in He- ei.n-ion of the merit lem of mak
ing appointments in lh: government service. It
should be cxtiiidcd by law lo the District of O
lund.u. It is mm h lo Ik" desired lhat our con
sular -v-tini 1k e-tslili-hed by law on a
protidmg for appointment and promotion ontv In
tiiltiemn nee of proted fllW's.
Tur-.'iclt a iw provision of the congress at Its
)-it Mioti the While House, whuh had Iweoiee
ili-ltgured by iiieongruoiM additions and chano,
has now b. en r stored to what it was planned t
be Li Ua-hiiirton. In making the restoration
the inmo.t fjre has U- n evcreited lo come aa
tieir as po ible to l lie iarly plans and lo supple
ment thee plans by a careful study of mm h
buildings as that of the I'tuvrrsity Virginia,
wliu h was built by jVfTeron. The While Douse
is the pm per tv of the natmn, and so far as is
compatildf with living Unrein il should le kept
as it ore.dnally ti. for the t-nme reasma thit
we kiep Mount Vernon at tt originally wa. The
htatelf Mtnpliiily ef iis srhiieciure is an ex-pre-s.on
ef the ehaiaeler of tiie period in which
jt W et built and is in accent with Ihe purixwe
it tas de-iL'tief to s-rve. It is a goed thing to
fin serve siiili buildings as historic immmnrnta
wliu h keep alite our sense of continuity with tha
tuiion's pa-i.
The reports of the seteral er titlve depsrt-liii-nts
are submitted t" Ihe coiitres with t!iu
cviatnuiinaiiou. TllbUbOKt KtHfSLVt.LT.