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(CAS
VOL. XXIV. NO. 9.
TIONESTA, PA., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 1891.
S1.50 PER ANNUM.
f :
,1
1
Tb railroads in this country kill
bout 2500 and wound about 25,000
person, a year.
Sixty yeara ago the aggregate wealth
of the United Btatea was only $1,000,.
000,000; now it la fB5,200,000,000.
It la a fact worthy of note that al
though a woman may be o'.eoted achool
commissioner in Missouri, she cannot
voto for one.
The Italian press it still indignant at
the report, of the New Orluaus grand
jury. The Popolo Ilomnno says that it
will be impossible hereafter for any civil
ized country to make a treaty with the
United States based upon reciprocal pro
tection of the lives of citizens of cither
country.
Fruit growing is destined Co be one of
the must profitable farm industries in
New England, predicts tho Boston Culti
vator. It must receive equal attention
with our garden crops and our grain
fields. Neglected, our orchards and
vineyards will be the refuse of insect
pests. Intelligently cared for they will
reward the patient and skilful husband-
The poverty of the peasants around
Warsaw, Poland, is so great that whole
gangs of them havo made it a practice to
steal coal from the freight trains which
enter the city by night. Sonic of the
gang jump on the trains in motion and
throw the coal on the road, which their
coadjutors gather in sacks and wheel
barrows. Tbe railroad companies have
obtained permission to place guards on
each train.
It is said, laments Muiuey'i Weekly,
that the snake charming industry is on
the decline. It no longer affords an
opening to girls who feel within them
the promptings of a lofty ambition to
earn two hundred dollars a week and
their traveling expenses by dexterously
toying with lethargic pythons, comatose
boas, and cute, little spotted garter
snakes. The public is wearying of an
exhibition which, it has discovered, does
not require a superhuman amount of
bravery. It wants to see something really
remarkable, entirely new, and absolutely
unprecedented such as, for instances, a
female mouse tamer.
To those persons who believe in the
, doctrine of retribution, muses the Phila
delphia Record, the death from hydro
phobia in tho city of Mexico of Colonel
Miguel Lopez, the betrayer of the Em
peror Maximilian, will furnish a text.
Lopez was Maxiliun's trustod friend, and
the godfather of his child. For a bribe
of $30,000 he gave the password to the
troops of Juarez, so that they could enter
the city of Queretnro ; aud the capture and
execution of Maximilian followed. The
wife and children of Lopez left him ; ho
was hissed on the streets; even beggars
refused his charity aud cursed him, and
for twenty-five years he lived shunned
aud despised, dying at lost in a paroxysm
of madness. Poor Carlottn and the mis
guided Maximilian have been amply
uvenged.
Tho difficulty of obtaining a sufficient
number of recmits of the requisite size
has obliged both tho French and the
Italian Governments to reduce the mini
mum of their former standard by half an
inch. A similar reduction became neces
sary in 1790, and agniu after tho
Napoleonic wars, that devoured tho tall
est uieu of France at tho rate of 35,000
a year. The incessant wars of the Ro
inan Republic were, however,- not fol
lowed by any analogous results, observes
the New York Voice, and tho luxury aud
intemperance of the Empire did more to
hasten tho progress of physical degenera
tion than tho slaughter of a thousand
battles. In France ubsintho alone has,
iu that respect, probably done more mis
chief than gunpowder.
Tho Manufacturer? Rxord publishes
a full history of tho development of tho
phosphate mining interests of Florida
and South Carolina. Since 1SS1), when
one company commenced to miue phos
phate rock iu Florida on a small scale,
this industry has developed with wonder
ful rapidity, ami the investments in
phosphate lands have been oil an enor
mous scule. The Manufacturer! HeC3r i'$
list of compuuics now operating there
shows that over $ 13,000,000 has been in
vested within two years, ami that these
companies now havo a daily capacity of
of 2000 tons of phosphite rock which
will be increased shortly to 3000 tons by
tho completion of mining plants now
under construction. Iu addition to these
companies tifty-ouo others, with an ug
gregatecopltal stock of over $21,000, 000,
have beeu incorporated to develop phos
phate lauds, but are not yet at work. Iu
South Carolina there are twenty-eight
phosphate mining companies, with an
aggregate capital of $1,510,000, and the
production last year was 537,149 tons.
There are also eighteen fertilizer inunu
facturing companies in that State, hav
ing a capital of nearly $5,000,000.
THE PLOWMAN.
When the tired plowman his plow-stock
leaves
In the (rrowing corn, as the sun goes down,
And the sky is a rich as a gleaner's sheaves
In flowers of crimson and purple and
brown,
I will wait in the rare and wondrous eve
And watch, as the loom of the sunset weaves
Ita fabric of gold over country and town.
And I think of the springs that have come
and gone
Since we saw the shuttle across the blue
That wrought in colors of dusk and dawn,
When the musk of the sleeping roses flew
On the breath of tho south wind over the
lawn,
And the evening shadows wore longer
drawn.
And the sun was low, and the stars were
few.
And youth was fnir in the lives we led,
Its memories linger In this latter spring,
And live in the flowers, the books we read,
Tbe kiss she gave ma in the grapevine
swing,
In words and works, to be filled and fed
On the wasted honey and wasted bread,
And sung in the songs she used to sing.
Though the lily and rose have lost their leaves
In tho ashes of summers of long ago,
They come, through the rare and wondrous
eves,
In the crop of love we used to sow.
As rich as the garlands the sunset weaves
When the tired plowman his labor loaves
In the fragrant corn, and the sun is low,
-M.A. Candler, in Atlanta Conititutinn.
MY MAGAZINE FUND.
BY K. O. KICK.
Four months before I was graduated
from Welleslcy College, some years ago,
I was troubled with the perplexing
problem of how to get a very nice gradu
ating dress at a very low cost; for my
father, a village merchant in Maine,
could ill afford to spend more money
than was absolutely necessary for my
regular expenses.
"I do wish I could think of soruo way
to earn the money for my dress," I said
one day to my inseparable friend, Madge
Bennett.
'Why don't you write stories for the
papers?" shs asked, impulsively.
'What papers!" said I with surprise.
"Why, any papers all papers maga
zines, quarterlies, literary syndicates
anything or anybody," she answered,
springing to her idea in her usual enthu
siastic way.
"But I've no talent for writing," I
protested.
"Yes, dear, you must have," she
urged, effusively. "You don't know
how often I've stood enraptured to hear
you go on telling some yarn that I knew"
(kissing me fervently) "hadn't a word
of truth in it. Oh, I know you could be
a great novelist. Think of being pointed
out by Bt rangers on the street as the cele
brated Milhcent Warner, of Warner1
Falls I What rapture 1"
"But what could I write a story
about?" said I, ignoring her littlo reflec
tion on my veracity at times.
"Write a lovestory. Everybody likes
them," she answered. j
"But I've never had a love nflair, and
I never can have," I added, mournfully,
"for there isn't a man iu my town that
I'd look at for a lover, and you know
I've got to stay at home while the other
girls take their turn away at school. I
know it's predestinated that I shall be
an old maid, but I don't like the out
look," said I, telling a literul truth for
nee at least. -
"Tisu't of the least consequence,"
Madge said, encouragingly. "People
never need to kuow about the subjects
they write about. Why, all the books
about the management of children are
written by old maids; and do you sup-
Eose that the pcoplo who write about
ord This and Lady That ever saw a real
lord, even with an opera-glass?"
"I don't know," said I with simplic
ity. "Why, of course not," she rattled ou;
'half the stories of travel and adventure
are made up by men who huve never
been outside of Coney Island. Indeed,
the less you really know about a subject
tho better off you are, you see, because
you're not hampered by facts and your
imagination can have full scope."
"I'm afraid I couldn't succeed that
way," I said, musingly.
"Indeed you could," she still asserted.
"Last year my cousin, Joe Schuyler,
who always bus lived iu New York and
was just graduated at Columbia not
even a country college, like Ifarvaid
took charge of the agricultural depart
ment of a city paper while tho regular
editor went to Europe for three mouths,
and he got along finely. He just hunted
over the rural exchanges and re-wrote
their articles, using a little different
wording, that was all."
"Didn't he make any blunders?" I
asked.
"No, not in the paper," sho said;
"but he did get into a bit of a scrape,
for a farnur wrote him asking foi some
explicit directions for using a new
remedy for pip iu chickens, and as Joe
is full of fun, he wrote the farmer a
private letter sending him a prescription
about like this:
Btumpus woodus, regular siza.
Hutrh-'tu'-', one application.
KUhUj well be fore using.
This is au absolute anil instantaneous cure.
So the farmer drove olf five miles to
the nearest town, to the drug store,
where the clerk assured him he'd been
trifled with and that it was all a joke.
That enraged the farmer and he took it
in to the county paper, which happened
to be published iu that town, and the
editor made the most of poor Joe's joke
and all the county stopped their sub
scriptions in cousequeuce. Hut Joe
didn't care."
"Didn't the city bead-editor cure?". I
asked.
'Dear me I I don't know. Joedidu't
tell me what he suid- But, Millicert, do
try. I know you could write a sweet
love story, or a yachting adventure."
"Why, I never was ou a yacht in my
life," I remonstrated.
"But I assure you, dear, it isn't of any
consequence if you never were. Now, if
you'll never divulge my secret, I'll tell you
that I am writing a story myself, Bnd am
doing just what I've advised you to do,
for my story is named "A Night with
Gamblers," and I've located it on the
Mississippi Hivcr steamer. It's a thrill
ing tale, and I've got to a place whero
one man is just going to stab another."
"Do read it to, me!" I begged; but
Madge would not unlets I would aurcc
to write ono with her; and so this was
the way my first attempt to write for the
press came about.
I took her advice. I not only wrote a
love story, but I placed tho lovers on a
yacht and set them afloat in Georgian
Bay probably because I knew less of
that sheet of water than of most others.
"That's all right," said Madge cheer
fully. "Send it to some inland news
paper. The editor himself won't know
any moro about it than you do. If ho
sends you fifty dollars which I think
would bo a fair price for your story,
you won't care whether the yacht I .ils
bow on or stern first, and if you do hap
pen to get it wrong, folks will think the
boat has got some new kind of n rig on
her,"
So I got a fresh block of paper, wrote
my title, "Love in Georgian Bay," and
began my story. By night I had two
pages written, and couldn't seem to think
of anything to say next. Madge, too,
still had her gambler "standing with up
lifted hand ready to plunge his dagger,"
but some way sho couldn't seem to end
the situation as she wished.
Day after day we wrestled with theso
imaginary men. The girl of my tale
was all ready and willing I had no
trouble with her; but I wanted my hero
to sutler some severe heart experiences,
and I found it no easy task to pull him
into and out of his various difficulties. I
wrote aud wiote, and then would tear
up my writing aud try again.
Madge, too, had her trials. Some
days she shot her gambler and then she
would revive him and stab him, aud once
she poisoned turn, but his style of death
never seemed to satisfy her. "It must
not seem melodramatic," she said; "it
must be a tale indicating great reserved
power."
Each day we asked each other with our
first waking breath:
"Will he propose to-day?" and "Will
he be dead by night?"
Finally a day came when we each re
solved to end the suspenso before night,
and in the recreation hour we took our
writing blocks and wandered off to a
quiet place under the Wollesley trees,
agrcciug to make some sort of au ending
before we went backj but tbe gambler
was still alive, and the willing maid was
still trying to luro on the reluctant lover,
when the sound of distant thunder came
to our ears and a dark cloud rising in the
west warned us to return to a shelter.
It gave us both a new idea, however,
and we each resolved to work a thunder
storm iuto our tales.
The result was better than our hopes.
The gambler was marie to rush on deck
just as a flash of lightning struck tho
smoke stack of his steamer, and he was
knocked senseless and then robbed bv
his ticudish companions aud cast over
board, whero "he sunk to rise no more."
Madge laid her tale aside with a sigh.
"It will save sending for an under
taker, anyhow," she said, "if I drown
him instead of stabbing him; so, on the
whole, I think it's tho better way."
As for my couple, they are idly drift
ing on au ebbing tide (I didn't know
theu that there was no tide in Georgian
Bay), wheu dark clouds began to roll
up, and tho muttering thunder began to
reverberate among the darkly wooded
hills. They hastily rowed to the shore,
t'.cd their yacht to a tree, and began
climbing a rugged precipice, while the
maid clung in terror to tho soul-tossed
lover. It was too suggestive. He begged
to defend her through all life's pathway,
and in well-feigned surprise she mur
mured her asseut just as the first drops
of tho burstiug storm fell and they
reached a shelter. "It was a happy omen
of future days," were my closing words.
"My maiden is ready to don her soli
taire diamoud ring," I declared tri
umphantly to Madge, aud we kissed each
other ecstatically.
"I kuew you could do it, Milly," sin
said. "Now, shall you sigu your name '
to it?" I
"No, indeed," I replied; "I've de
rided to use a man's name, for I think j
it would be more in accordance with my
style of composition. I shall be known I
as Georgo Warner." j
Madge said she did uot ehink from '
the public gaze. Sue would use her own j
name. ,
We copied our stories carefully and !
tent them each to one of the two best-
knowu ma'a.iues, and then be "an to'
watch the daily mail for nit answer.
While we continually asserted to each
other that wo hadn't the least idea they
would be accepted, we each were, in our
own miuds, as continually planning as
to how we would spend the fifty dollars
that we duly expected to receive.
Having heard from neither story at the
end of a fortnight, we conclude 1 that
the stories hud been accepted nud were
waiting to be published before being paid
I for, and settled back quite composedly in
that conviction. Each day I planned a
uc.v way to spend my money.
"Since we've leen so successful i'l
these articles, let us write some more,"
, said Madge; aud we did.
: This time she took a love story, and
had a West Poiut cadet elope with a
Southern, heiiess, aud then both of them
' wont to the President to ask pardon, ani
j he reinstated tho cadet in the military
academy, at the same tune allowing linn
to board at the hotel with his bride, to
tho envy of the whole corps.
I told a true story about a French-
i Canadian boy from Three Rivers who
' came to our own towu to earn money for
1 his widowed mother, and was crushed iu
I a jam of logs, and bow kind .the rough
men were to him, aud how they sent him
home to die because he longed so to see
his mother once more.
We wrote these stories rapidly and sent
them to the two next best uiaguziues of
1 our choice. Madge suid we might just
H4 well become know a at once to the
world of readers ns to limit our scope to
the circle reached by any one periodical.
In our imaginations we now had each
earned fifty dollars more, and a the pro
ceeds seemed t6 accumulate so well wo
decided to write all that we could find
time for.
It made a serious inroad in my pocket
money to obtain tho needed Stamps to
send the articles away and also to pro
vide for their being returned, and Madge
suggested that we save this Inst expense,
as it was evidently uncalled for. Then
graduation timo came, and we hod to
leave each other and the place we loved
so much.
We debated whether to write to all
the various editors about our articles,
and notify them of our change of ad
dress, but finally decided to leave word
w.th the postmaster at Welle-dey and
await results. I had been sorely tempted to
run in debt for some graduating extrava
gances, being sure I could pay for them
out of my "magazine fund," as I now
called my expected fifty dollar payments,
but had bravely resisted the temptation,
as it was contrary to all my home train
ing, by thinking how happy I woold bo
Inter to repay my father for some of his
generous outlay on my pleasure.
When I got back to Maine I took our
village postmaster into my confidence
enough to persuade him to retain any
letters addressed to George Warner, for
delivery to myself alone.
One after another, in the course of
the next six months, those various re
jected manuscripts found their way back
to Warner's Falls, and time after time
my "magazine fund" diminished corre
spondingly. Daily I was more and more
thankful that I had not left any debts to
be met from that prospective income.
A formal printed blank, stating with
courtesy that my articlo was not avail
able, accompanied each one but the one
of the Canadian boy, to which the editor
ndded in a foot-note the words, "If
written with more caro this would prob
ably be accepted somewhere. Try your
local paper."
Madge wrote me that all of her pro
ductions had been used in due time to
light her grate fires, but she was con
vinced that editors were time-servers and
could not recognize genius unless a big
name were signed to an article.
I now felt very humble, but re-wroto
the story suggested and sent it to our
county paper with many misgivings. The
editor wrote me a kind note saying that
he could not afford to pay for contribu.
tions, but he would be glad to publish
any good Bhort articles sent him on those
terms, and I soon had the inexpressible
pleasure of seeing my story in print, and
of sending a copy of tbo paper to
Madge, who unselfishly satisfied my long
ing with her ready and effusive, though
truly genuine, sympathy and praise.
Then I sent my first story, "Love in
Georgian Bay," and another entitled,
"The Bride of Castle Chalheur," but the
editor returned them both with a note
saying that they were not adapted to his
paper, and suggesting that I send him
several brief letters about college-girl life
at Wellesley; and he added; "Write
simply about things you know about."
I re-read all my silly, stilted stories,
and, recoguiziug their utter trnshincss,
put them into the kitchen fire. I could
uot help letting a tear fall as I thought
of the "magazine fuud" with which I
could never surprise my father's emptied
purse. Some time afterward, however,
I wrote Madge a long and truo tale.
Tho unexpected man hud come to pas9,
even in our town that I had scorned,
and the subject of my true tale was
"Love in Warner's Falls." Frank
Leslie' Illuttrated.
How Caviare is Made.
The Allegemeint Sport Zeitung, in an
article on caviare, says: This delicacy
has only become generally known iu tho
last sixty or eighty years, but during
that time it has acquired a distinguished
place in the estimation of every gourmet.
Every one is aware that caviare is the
salted roe of the sturgeon, a fish which is
caught in great numbers olf the south
coast of Russia. The. largo grained cavi
are, made from the roe of tho largest
species of that fish, is considered the
best.
' Sime of tho sturgeons weigh as much
as 3,000 pounds, measure from eighteen
to twenty-stveu feet iu length and yield
a roo weighing 800 pounds. The fish
should be caught some months before
spawning time, while the roe is hard and
light gray in color. As it gets softer
and darker it becomes l-j-s and less suit
able for preparing caviare; and vtheu it
is quite ripe, it is completely useless for
the purpose. The process is a simple
one. The roes, cut iuto large pieces, are
put iuto a horse hair or metal sieve, tho
coarseness of which is regulated by tho
coarseuess of the roe, which is theu
rubbed carefully through, so that it falls
nut as uninjured os possible, while tho
skin attached t it remains iu the sieve.
"The fiuer sort of caviare is rubbed
into an empty dish; it is theu strewn
with dry, fluely powdered salt ; the whole
mass is then well stirred wi'.h a wooden
fork aud immediately put up iu little
wooden barrels, ready for export. The
inferior sorts are rubbed through the
sieve into strong brine, where they are
allowed to remain untouched until thor
oughly salted through; the brine is
then pressed out und the caviare picked
tightly in cases. The fresher and more
lightly suited caviare is the better. Iu
1S2B caviare to tho worth of $105,000
was exported from the Casoiuuseu; since
then the amount annually exported, and
especially its value (for the price is now
much higher than it used to be), huve
greatly increased."
Highest Fresh Wuter Fish..
The highest of fresh water fishes, the
"arapaima," of the Amazon, in South
America, which grews to six feet iu
length, has teeth ou his tongue, so that
the latter resembles the file aud is used
as such. Some kinds of trout also havo
the same peculiarity. Fishes that swal
low their prey entire have their teeth so
supported on flexible buses at til bend
backward, but not forw ard, iu order that
their victims shall uot escape after they
have been seized. Uostvn t,'uUivutor,
HOW TRAINS ARE R0JJBEU
MILLIONS LOST THROUGH SYS
TEMATIC PLUNDERING.
The Men Who Commit the Itotiborio
How a Hi if Gana; of Thievei
Was llrokcn Up.
Railroad managers have two grades o:
losses to contend with which involve not
only a heavy expenditure of money but
the constant putroling of the lines by I
corps of well-trained detectives and ex.
ports. Lost or astray cars, sometime!
side-tracked and left to the exposure ol
the weather as a temporary abode foi
tramps, and oftcner run off for other pur
poses, keep a body of men bury all tho
time. A regular department has been
created, with a chief und a corps of ex
perts, whose duty it is to follow up theso
astrays and return them to the com
panies to whom thoy belong. The sec
ond and more serious trouble to railroad
corporations is the constant and system
atic plunder of freight cars, the removal
of valuable cargoes and the hiding of
the plunder. The latter is an adjunct of
the astray cars, which the robbers run
into the woods or other desolate places
that darkness and secrecy may cover up
their nefarious transactions.
During a period covering fifteen years
the larger corporations like the Penn
sylvania, Pan Handle, New York and
New Haven, New York Central and
Erie roads havo been sufferers to the
extent of millions of dollars from this
grade ot thefts, and frequently the
shrewdest and most expert detectives
have been baffled for weeks and months
in running down tho thieves, recovering
their plunder and safely housing the
perpetrators in State prisons.
"Three grades of men commit the
robberies on freight trains," said Private
Detective L. A. Newcome. "They are
tramps, who secrete themselves in the
car 3 and steal anything they can pick
up; railroad employees, who band to
gether for tho purposes of plunder, aud
organized gangs of professional thieves,
who reside in the big cities and make
trips into tho country, led by a local pal,
who ascortnins when a car-load of valua
ble freight is to puss oVer a designated
line."
Perhnps the most extensive haul of
plunder in freight-cars extended during
a period of veurs in the sixties, and was
checked through the exertions of the
late railroad detective, Gilkinsou. There
had been wholesale and systematic rob
beries of freight-cars on the Pittsburg,
Cincinnati and St. Louis Road, better
known as the Pan Handle route of tho
Pennsylvania system, extending over a
period of three years and involving a
total loss to tho Company of nearly or
quite half a million dollars. Chief De
tective Rue, of the Pennsylvania Com
pany, aided by Gilkinsou and his corps
of well-trained detectives, set at work
and labored day and night in search of
the miscreauts. ' It required two months
of persistent labor to run down tho
gang, and it unearthed the most extensive
scheme of tram robbery ever known. A
local train was robbed and some of the
detectives had the good fortune to be in
hiding when the gang was operating.
They were railroad employes, and sub
sequent developments showed that
seventy-five or eighty crews practically
were engaged iu the scheme, of plunder.
The work was performed skilfully. Tbe
srereted detective saw the wire pulled
out of the seal, the door thrown back,
the car entered and the pKinder removed
to a caboose, while 'the conductor pulled
back the door, run the wire through the
seal aud then by a blow with a. board tho
lock looked as if it had been tampered
with.
The plunder consisted of liquors, ci
gars, organs, pianos, silks, ribbons, and
other valuable packages. In ono instauco
a freight car was converted iuto a tem
porary coucert room. A conductor sat
all night playing on a piano wbilo his
companions dauced, drauk, sang and
smoked at intervals, and ate their sup
per from the polished top of the valuable
Grand. When this musical employee
was arrested he was thumping a piano in
a Pittsburg dive. The robberies in
cluded everything except nn anvil-and a
cotliu. The plunder was sold to well
know Philadelphia and Pittsburg "fence
houses," and wives, sisters and sweet
hearts were decked out with tho stolen
silks, gloves, luces and jewelry.
When all the details wererprepered ac
the time for action arrived, the arres
jean iu Pittsburg in April, ltS7. As
the trains rolled into the big yards de
fectives stepped forward, revolvers in
hand, und the crews wero handcuffed.
The same course- was pursued nil along
the lino between Pittsburg and Colum
bus. Over four hundred wunauts wero
issued. Over oue-fourth of the men ar
rested wero railroad employees aud
keepers of "fences." Ono of the men
who was arrested, a bruLcmun by the
name of Baker, made a desperate
attempt to murder uu engineer. The
engineers and firemen were not in the
plot of robbery. Brukcmun Youug
culled at the jail to visit soma of the
prisoners and was arrested. He protested
his inuoceuce at first, but finally
confessed, and a lurge amount of tho
plunder was found in his house. J. li.
Duulop, one of the guug, mado a full
coufession and seventy-three of the men
were implicated. Scores of the fellows
were sent to prison. Acji York HWW.
Two Senses of uu Apostrophe.
In "Scenes Through the Battle Smoke"
is the following example of ill-chosen
eulogy: A missionary in India was shot,
ai he tat iu his veranda iu the dusk of
the evening, by his own chowkcydur, or
watchman, whether intentionally or by
accident will never be known. Near a
public road stands his solitary grave.
On the stone at the head is the inscrip
tion. Saired
To the Momory
of tho
Rev. bouitmtbal
Ha translated the Hciipturej into the
Afghan tuu;uo, aud was shot by his owe
chowkoydur.
Wttu done, thou good aud faithful servant.
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.
Excellent wool has been made from
the fibre of tho fir tree by means of elec
tricity. Id Europe steel-tired wheels for rail
road cars are used moro generally than
in the United Stuies.
The great majority of cases of deaf
ness are hereditary and due to tho
too close consanguinity of the parents.
The maximum power of an electro
magnet is proportional to the least
sectional area of the entire magnetic cir
cuits. With an clectro-mngnct mechanical
actions are produced at a distance under
control by the agency of electric cur
rents. The magneto-motive force equals the
product of the number of spirats and the
number of amperes of currcut multiplied
by 1257.
A comparatively small dynamo may
be arranged to light a greater number
of lamps by the use of an accumulator
than can bo obtained from tho machine
direct.
Professor Elihu Thompson wears a
unique watch chain, the links of which
are welded by electricity. In part of
tho chain links of gold and platinum
alternate. Other links are made of sec
tions of these metals.
Asphalt paint is rapidly coming into
favbr for ironwork. Its oils are not
volatile, as is the cose of tho various
coal-tar products, and it is this per
manent character of the material that is
the secret of its value.
The works of watches aro now plated
with palladium, which is a whiter,
lighter and more fusible metal than
platinum. About one-seventeenth of
a grain of palladium will, by electrical
deposition, coat the works of nn ordinary
wutch.
In a vestibule car recently invented,
instead of the folding-doors and tho
usual iron gates that are so likely to im
prison passengers in case of an accident,
there are doors that slide into the cur,
and which leave the platform unob
structed.
The thickness of ordinary gold leaf is
about one two-hundred thousandths of
an inch. Accordingly, oue ounce of
gold can be beaten out uutil it covers
. 100 square feet. It can be beaten out
still thinner, but the process is not com
mercially practicable.
Neither the submerged chain system
nor the endless rope system of eanal
bout haulage has proved satisfactory in
'Germany, so that experiments are now
being mado in the use of heavy towing
'cars drawn by locomotives similar to
those used in mines.
i A most singular relic was exhibited at
a meeting at Calcutta of the Asiatic So
ciety of Bcngnl, consisting of a piece of
cable, tho rubber covering of which had
been pierced by a blade of grass. The
Ipiercing was so complete, and the con
tact with tho copper core so perfect,
that the efficiency of the cable was de
stroyed. A great event in the annals of Indian
telegraphy was tho completion recently
of the new copper wiro between Calcutta '
vnd Bombay, along the line of the Ben- I
gal-Nugpo:o railway. The total length
of the circuit is nearly 1300 miles, und
the Indian Department can now boast
that it works the longest ueriul circuit in ,
tho world.
' Vegetation in the Alps recedes from
year to year. Alpine roses were ut one '
time found at an altitude of 7600 feet;
now they are seldom found higher than
U500 fe;t, anl are stunned at that. Var
ious species of small fruit which used to
be gathered at 7500 feet above the level
now are rarely found beyond two-thirds
thut height. I
Russian scientists are about going to
Northern Africa to make a study of the
methods employed by tho natives in re- I
sisting the inroads of quicksands. This
inquiry is the result of ineffectual efforts
ou tho part of Russian engineers to
counteract tho effect of iiuicUsands in
tians-Cuspian sent ions, where thcuaands
of acres of tho best urable soil are an
nually used up.
Something About Siberia.
I Since the building of the trans-Siberian
iraiiroad was resolved upon, aud Siberia
has attracted general notice, the world
has become interested in tho origin aud
'meaning of the word Siberia. V. M.
IFlorinsky, iu a paper published ut the
l University of Tomsk, holds that the
word is of Slavic derivation, it occurs
(for the first time in the writings of the
'Persian historian, Rushid-Eddinu (1'.'17
1 1318), as tho name of what is now culled
I western Siberia, for in connection with
'it the historian speaks about the River
'Irtysh aud tho steppes of Kirghcse and
: the Bashkirs. The Russians huve known
; the country since the latter purt of the
rilteenth century, und otticiul mention of
the "Siberian land" is made in docu
ments dated iu 1554 and 155(1. The
I word is supposed to have originated witli
j a tribe of Huns w hich was known by tbe
1 name of Subirs or Sebirs, and first lived
in the Vnd Mountains and subsequently
settled down iu the regions of the Don
and tho Vol'a. The city of Hivur, which
existed iu Bulgaria in the tenth centuiy,
' was a monument of the wanderings of
this tribe. The Sabirs were ulso men
tioned among the Slavonian tribes nn the
Volga enumerated by Jesph, the King of
tho Kho.ars. Now, taking these ac
counts iuto consideration, it appears that
the Huns were of Slavic origin, ami that
the name of Sibars was uwumcd by or
applied to that tribe of the Huns which
has wandered from the north (Sevet) iuto
the southeastern regions. Another
scholar, M. l'otuniu. in Russkoye
(Ibo.renic, maintains that the origin of
the word Sabir is derived from the
Muugoliau. He shows that a certain
mountain name I Sybyr, or Sumhyr (per
haps the fiinio as the Mount Sinner of
the Indian legends), is variously and re
peatedly iiieuiioned in ihe folk lore of
the Mongolians at the eticiu'i southern
bulUvu ui' S'Oaiu, UviIjh i'.aiurit.
TO-DAY.
swift to love your own, dears,
Your own who need you so;
Bay to the speeding hour, doors,
"I will not let then go
Except thou give a blessing;"
Force it to HU and stay;
Love has no sure to-morrow,
It onry has to-day.
Oh, hasten to be kind, dinars,
Before tho time shall come
When you are left behind, dears,
In an all-lonely home;
Before In late contrition
Vainly you weep and pray;
Love has no sure to-inorrow.
It only bas to-day .
Bwif tor than sun and shade, dears,
Move the fleet wings of pain;
The chance we have to-day, dears,
May never come again.
Joy is a fickle rover:
Ho brooketh not delay,
Love has no sure to-morrow.
It only has to-day.
Too lata to plead or grieve, dears,
Too lata to kiss or sigh,
When death has laid his seal, dears,
On the cold lip and ey,
Too late our gilts to lavish
Upon the burial clay;
Love has no sure to-morrow,
It only has to-day.
C'onprcffud'oHafisfc
HUMOR OF THE DAY.
A darkness that may be felt A black
hat.
The disinherited son is punished with
a will.
"We meet but to part," ns tho comb
said to tho brush.
The royal chef does things to tho
Queeu's taste. ntltburg l'ost.
It takes a very prompt man to bo a
bero to his tailor. A'tw York Herald.
Tho lobster is not noted for its bash
fulness; but it turns red ou getting into
"hot water." Puck.
It is au odd thing that the temperate
zone contains the hardest driukcrs on tho
face of the earth. Puck.
"I say,Bill"(8houting to another sales
man), "got any more of those diaiwnd
necklaces for $1.49?" Life.
A pretty woman aud a philosopher are
both apt to be enamored of their own re
flections. IndianapolU Journal.
Tho value of a compliment lies in its
placing. "Heart of oak" is more picas
intly received than "wooden head."
Vuck.
"Sweet nothings!" he exclaimed soft
ly, as he looked at the row of ciphers
iftcr the figure on tho check. W'athing
tvn Post.
"I'm going to write nn immortal
poem." "What's your recipe?" "In
leliblo ink on asbestos paper." Muiwey't
Weekly.
So many people have the look on their
faces as if they had been allowed one
last strike at soinethiug aud missed it.
Atchison Ulube.
When a tramp is fortuuate enough to
jet hold of the upper portion of a roasted
fowl he generally makes a clean breast of
it. Teiat Hijtingt.
Parrott "How many great titles end
in 'or' EmiKsror, legislator, editor "
Wiggins (who lives in a fiat) "Yes, and
janitor." Uarptrt 21amr.
With the same finger with which she
aas just dashed a tear from her eye a
woman artfully arruuges a stray lock of
hair ou her temple. tUieyende Dlaetter,
"Man wants but little her.) below."
That's all quite true, and yet,
IM like to sea tho mau that wou't
Tuku all thut he can get. ,
-Life.
Mr. Jones (as tho grizzly draws up on
him) "Oh! why cuu't I remember
whether it's a grizzly or a browu bear
thut can't climb a tree?" Harvard Lam-
Wll.
"What do you do with that basoball
mask?" "Why, Johnny is very bad
sometimes, and the only closet I have to
shut him up iu is where the preserves
are safe." Harper' Hazar.
On four t-eutsof a railway cur.
Aiuutst his trups, thtj drummer sat,
And wishi he hud but one seat more
lu w hich to place his high silk hut.
t'uek.
Oue of Euglaud's advantages: "I do
so love England," said De Pevster ecstat
ically. "What do you so like about it?"
asked Brouthers. "It's so English,"
returned De Peyster. liruoUyn Life,
"Nature rarely wastes, but sometimes
she does," suid Mchitubel ut the circus.
"Look ut the elephant, lor instance.
Two tails pructicully, and yet with a
hide impervious to flies." .Yea York
Hun.
"What is tho deepest depth of igno
rance?" asked the philosopher, musingly;
and the man of the world made basic
to answer: "It is the ignorance displayed
by a railway official wiieu there has beeu
a wreck on his road." 1st. Jottii A'otce.
The milk of humuu kiuiluess
is a gift supreiuu;
Hut our impecunious frlen I
Al Auy-b wuuui ibd crouui.
Puck.
Aunt Aim "How cun you be eonteul
to waste your time reading these trashy
novels) Just "listeu to this: 'They
sat hand iu hand, speechless with tin
sweet intoxicatiou of first love. Intoxi
cation of first love! Bah!" Laura
"But, auntie, it must have been duo to
their ardcut spirits." Inditmailit Jour
nal. )
A little five-year-old Irish boy in oni
of our public si liocls was reproved bj
his teacher for some mischief. Ho vm
about to deny his fault, when she said:
"I saw you, Jeiry." "Yes," he replied,
as quick as a fla-h, "I u-lls thim ther
ain't much yous don't see vvidthim purty
black eyes of yourn." That was the soft
euswer that turned away w raih ; for what
lady could resist so graceful a compli
meut f Uarpcr't Youini Pcvplo.
The cultuio of oranges iu Culiforstii
du es buck to the time of the old Mi.ssiou
fathers, who, it is tud, brought the
teed from Spuiu.
V