EVOLUTION OF THE LOAT.
MANY IDEA8 IN ITS CONSTRUCTION
t COME FROM 8AVAOES.
Tlie Swift Calamnritn Snllft Mmle of
i Cwoitmit Matting Tho tVnter
I lmnrtl tio Moilorit Invention.
( Tn nn article in the Wnshington Slnr
Wlf. 1 Pnnil sriys: "As the flood left
only tho ark of No.ili in the world, it in
fair tr suppose that for a time the ship
jiinp; of the world wbk limited, and there
in no record of any of Nosh's family in-terestin-j
themselves in that industry.
"In the earlier records of Kypt and
China there is continuous mention of
river craft, hut the rim?niiinns, and after
them the Carthaginians, made treat im
provements in the craft of the day, hut
those consisted principally of galleys,
having tho motive power of oars, assisted
ly sails, to he ued before the wind. Af
ter the fall of Caithajfe the art languished,
and it was not until the close of the
twelfth century that an impulse was fjiven
to it hy the introduction of the knowl
edge of the magnet. It is difficult to
trace the successive steps from this period,
and more than interesting to find that for
speed the craft of the so-called savage
rnees have always surpassed those of the
civilized nations. The catamaran, rightly
considered, is a marvel of ingenuity, and
there appears to lc no reliable record of
its introduction.
'It consists of one long rather narrow
boat, with almost straight sides, carrying
an enormous sail and is onlv kept from
capsizing by a smaller boat, which is
lashed by a species of open raft in a po
sition paralel to the larger one. These
boats before the wind have lightning
speed, but they cannot "tack" or sail in
any direction that puts the wind any
where but directly behind them.
, The surfboat of the Cingalese is a
catumaran of a slightly different plan.
The hull is about thirty feet long, and
not more than eighteen inches wide at
any point; two curved arms hold in po
sition at the side a sharpened log in
place of another boat and a huge sail
twelve by twelve, rigged on a sprit at
tached to a bamboo mast, completed the
outCt. Manned by a crew of three na
tives, these fragile-looking craft sail
through the roughest surf, riding over
the breaking crests of the waves, where
nn open boat would be swamped and a
large sailing vessel would break her back
in less time than it takes to tell it.
"From these two boats it is claimed all
our modern yachts have sprung by ob
taining the necessary resistance given by
the outrigger, from an increase in depth
and breadth in the main craft, which do
ing away with the cumborsoii and awk
ward second boat, also gave the power to
tack and reach, until, with the aid of
the centerboard, a good yacht can almost
sail right into the wind instead of only
before it. The first step to this perfec
tion is to be found in the double canoe of
the Feejeansandotherdwellers in the isl
ands of the Pacific Ocean. This craft
brings the two canoes quite close togeth
er, connecting them amidships by a
broad square platform, on which is built
a light frame house, the interior of
which is used as a stowage, and the roof
takes the place of the bridge on a steam
boat, from where the chief issues his or
ders directing the course of the boat.
The two canoes are also decked over and
are used for sleeping places for the crew.
The sail of the Fijians is made of mat
ting, the material being obtained from
the leaves of the cocoa-nut palm, and,
strange to say, this is first woven into
lengths about two feet wide and twenty
fee long, and these are then joined to
gether exactly on the principle that our
canvas sails of to-day are made.
"The centerboard is generally looked
upon as a modern invention which revo
lutionizes sailing yachts, but its principle
is as old as the hills. The Bosjeman, or
Bushman, of South Africa, uses it iu
swift currents, applying it to the human
Ixxly in swimming. His device consists
of a light, flat piece of board, which is
fastened to the right shoulder, and under
the arm. When in the water the point
is placed directly across the stream so
thai the great force of water comes
upon it, while tho swimmer, with the
left arm and feet, swims directly in tho
teeth of the current and, while seemingly
wasting his strength in a direct combat
with the full force of water, slowly pro
presses to the opposite side. Even the
Dutchmen of the sixteenth century hud
a knowledge of this appliance, and a
glance at one, of the pictures of their old
'galiots shows a large triangular piece of
wood on the starboard side of the vessel,
which, in suiliug on a wind, was lowered
Onto tho water. Many of our canal bouts
of the present day, and also tho English
coasting sloops, still have this piece of
,wood on their sides, but it is immovable,
intended only as an ornament, and no
idea of its one time use is known by the
sailor of the craft so decorated."
A Curious Insight Into the Clock Trade
I was chatting with the agent of a big
establishment in Park place, says the
New York Graphic, w hen he gave me a
curious insight into the clock trade.
Said he: "Clocks are made so cheaply
now in large manufactories, which use
special machinery, that very few others
are ever produced. That sounds queer
when you remember that nearly every
watch and clock maker in this and every
other lurge city offers to sell clocks bear
ing his name and guaranteed by him.
The explanation is that wheu a fair order
is given, any name will be printed on the
face, and instructions as to size of let
ters and general style are pretty closely
observed. Then, again, the face of a
cheap clock is about the least costly part
ot it, and nothing is easier than to put
in a new face and give the clock a new
uuuie. Some few prefer to sell a clock
with no name on it but the actual maker,
but they are iu a minority.
About 100 Species of Mosquito.
An English scientist says: There are
about a hundred species of mosquito in
the world, occurring in all climes. Eight
or ten species have been known to iu-
Harm tngiana ior more tnan hlty -years
in fact, since they were first studied
No new species in Britain has been re
corded for more than fifty years. No
specially topical siieeies has ever been re
corded as having occurred in Britain, but
one of the well known British species
lias recently been recorded from Mexico,
.Most, if not all, of the British species
ifoite in verv hot weather, when, apparent
ly, like their betters, they require more
Jiquid refreshment, t inally, mosquitoes,
as well as Hessian flies, are as common
in England as white butterflies.
The Weeping Water (Neb.) creamery
) uiakiui; ouu pouuus ol butter Uuiiy,
SELECT SIFTIXfiS.
A goose with several links of a gold
chain in its craw was killed at San Lucas,
Cal., recently.
During a thunder storm at Pennison,
Texas, tho whorl of is sewing machine
was melted by a stroke of lightning.
It is claimed that a new discovery in
tanning will revolutionize tho leather
business and make shoes five times us
durable as now.
A cloud burst in Nevada the other day
dropped enough water on a region iwo
miles square to form a lake of ten acres
in extent and ten feet dee).
A Frenchman w ho was born in 179
is regularly at work in a mill nt Ottawa,
Canada. He is hale and hearty and
seems good for several more summers.
In one of two stone sarcophagi found
at Home in the I'rati di Castello, tho
skeleton of a girl was found, along with
a wooden doll with jointed arms and
legs.
A tree at Jameslmrg. X. .T., produce
three kinds of apples and one kind of
pears. Tho apples ripen nt different
times anil one crop follows another
through the summer.
Professor Charles H. (tilbert, naturalist
of the Vnited States Fish Commission,
claims to have discovered thirty-live new
varieties of fish on the Pacific Coast
within seven months.
There is a woman in a west of England
town who makes a good livltig by killing
csts. She, advertises that if people whe
are about to go away for tho summer w ill
send their rats to her she will kill them
wJi chloroform.
The Valley of tho Amazon is lurgol
than Unit of tho Mississippi, the forme!
river draining 2,310,000 square miles,
and the latter 1.244,600 square miles.
The Amazon drains a greater area than
any other river on the globe.
Every scrap of iron or wood within
reach upon the Eiffel Tower is covered
with names and dates. The interiors ol
the lifts are covered and the glass wind
protectors of the elevators and on tho va
rious floors are being rapidly filled up.
It is well known that practice in look
ing at distant objects improves the eye
sight. In the test for color blindnes
among the engineers of the Now Jersey
Central road it was found that the oldest
man in the service had the best sight for
long distance purposes, and was better
able to distinguish the various shades and
colors.
The story comes fioni Leighton, Mass.,
that John Davis, while hunting the other
day, shot and killed a snake of the moc
casin variety that measured six feet five
inches in length and twenty-one inches
in circumference. It was such a monstet
that Mr. Davis concluded to skin nud
stuff it. While performing the opera
tion he found a Mexican gold coin se
creted among its vitals that was issued in
10.24.
The Florida sponge fisherman detect
the presence of sponges by means of a
water glass, which is a simple contri
vance, being a circular piece of glass in
serted in the bottom of a bucket. The
bucket is thrust into the water, and look
ing through the glass the sponge hunter
can clearly distinguish any object on the
bottom of the sea, even if the water be
rough. The spouges arc gathered with a
pole from eighteen to forty feet long,
with a three pronged iron claw at the
end.
Baldness Said to be Catching.
Lassar, a scientist of Berlin, insists
upon the contagiousness of ordinary
baldness and its spread through the
agency of barbers, and the employment
by persons of one comb m common.
Even though as vet no definite parasite
has been found in alopecia, Lassar be
lieves that there is one, and that it will
lie found in time. He does not believe
that alopecia areata is a neurosis, though
he allows the possibility of it in a few
cases, but does not believe that most
cases are from contagion. In the past
few years he has met with many hun
dreds of cases of alopecia areata, many of
which have been in relatives, patrons of
the same barber shop, schoolmates or
possessors of dogs or cats having similar
bald spots. In the belief of the para
sitic origin of alopecia our author has
treated more than a thousand cases by
means of an anti-parasitic plan of treat
ment, and with marked success. His
method is the following: For six or
eight weeks the hair is washed with a
soap rich in tar, the suds being rubbed
well in for ten minutes each day. Then
the suds are washed out with warm, fol
lowed by cold water, the scalp and hair
dried, and the former anointed with li.
Sol. hydrarg, bichlor, (one-third of one
per cent, strength) glycerine and cologne
water, equal parts; then rubbed (ky with
absolute alcohol containing one-half per
cent, of naphthol, and then anointed
with K. Salicylic acid half a drachm;
tincture benzoin, four scruples; neats
foot oil, three ounces; mix. After six
to eight weeks the process is to be less
often repeated. In obstinate cases the
sublimate solution should be used many
times a day. 2i'eu York Herald.
Death by Bee Stings..
The little busy bee is admired for its
industry, and if it should sedulously im
prove each shining hour in gathering
honey all the day from each sweet
scented flower, it would, no doubt, be
regarded as a dxscrving insect. But
bees are ferocious at times, and their
sting has proved fatal to men and beasts.
Death by bee-sting is a frequent acci
dent. Within a fortnight three cases, in
which farmers were killed by bees while
at work in their fields iu the neighbor
hood of hives, have been reported, and,
with all the terror caused by the summer
dog, it is a question if there are not as
many deaths from bee-stiugas from wcll
anthenticnted attacks of hydrophobia.
Chicago Htrald.
The Shah. Antics In Paris.
The papers continue full of the Persian
Shah's sayings and doings. His last visit
to the Paris Exposition was marked by
several curious incidents. Passing by
the Eiffel tower, he came across a negro
boy selling colored spectacles of a comi
cal shape. He culled him, and, taking a
few Napoleons out of his pocket, bought
the whole of his stock. He then pro
ceeded to place the glasses on the noses
of his attendants, aud was so amused by
the figure they cut that he almost split
his sides with laughter. The crowd en
joyed the sight and applauded the Shah
to the echo.
It is never the opinion of others that
displease us, but the pertinacity, they
display iu u'truding tht-ui upon us v
TIIE FARM AND GARDEN.
tVATKH. RIGHTS.
'Legal Adviser" says in the New
York Tribune: It is a general principle
that every owner of land upon a natural
stream of water haa a right to use the -tor
for any reasonable purpose not incon
sistent with a similar right in tho owners
of tho land above, below and opposite to
him. Ho may take the water to supply
his dwelling, to irrigato his land or to
quench tho thirst of his cattle; to use it
for manufacturing purposes, such as the
supplying of steam boilers or the running
of water wheels or other hydraulic works,
so long as such use docs not affect its vol
ume. But this is n mere privilege run
ning with I he land, not a properly in the
water itself. Where the stream is small,
and dors not supply water more than suf
ficient to answer tho wants of tho differ
ent proprietors living on tho stream, none
of tho proprietors can use the water for
either irrigation or manufacturing, but
for domestic purposes and watering
stock one proprietor will bo justified in
consuming all tho water. Twenty years'
use adverse to the right of another will
givo the person using the the stream tho
right to continue to use, regardless of
the other's right.
And as to the division of water, every
one who owns land situated nnoii a
stream has the following rights : To the
natural flow of the stream. That it shall
continue to run in its accustomed chan
nels. That it shall flow upon his land in
it usual quantity, natural place and usual
ueignt. mat it shall flow off his land
upon tho laud of his neighbor below in
Bccustomed place and at its usual level.
Those rights he has as an incident to his
property on tho land, and he cannot be
deprived of it hy grant or description.
ii anyone snail mane any cliango in the
natural flow of a stream, tn trw. mnfnt-!nf
Injury of any owner situated upon it, or
by any interference shall prevent the
stream from flowing as it was wont to
now, no is responsible for the damage he
may occasion. Those rinhts are siihioct
to the privilege of each one to make a
reasonable use of the water upon his own
land while it is passing along the samo.
It matters not what the source of the wa
ter may be, whether it be backward or
the flowage of the same, or the water of
another stream. Still, the diversion of a
stream may be made by any one if it be
roturnea to its natural channel before it
leaves his premises.
CONDITIONS FOKI.ONO KBF.riXO OF FRIUT.
In what condition can fruit be nlaeed
to best preserve its irood Qualities and
retard its decay ? There seem to be two
uisunci active processes in the growth
and development of fruit. The first is
the growth the collecting nud building
up of a compound of comparatively solid
structure which is unpalatable and in
digestible as an article of food. The
second is the ripening process; a kind of
organic ferment; a breaking down, soft
ening, dissolving, rendering palatable,
easily digested and valuable as food. In
this change the volatile oils are gener
ated, giving flavor and character to fruit.
The time required in building up fruit
preparatory to ripening has not been
oeiegatea to man to control to any great
extent, whether a variety is to ripen in
May, July or September. Yet if man
cannot control the time of completed
growth, he can, during this period, by
goou care ana cultivation, increase greatly
in size ana value.
In the second stage of development
ripening can be hastened or retarded, and
when fully ripe, decay can bo delayed.
In the second stage fruit should not be
left open and exposed te atmospheric
changes of temperature or moisture.
Flavor is lost by evuporation. If the pur
pose is to hasten ripening, the fruit should
be inclosed in a tight box or barrel, or
wrapped in flannel, to prevent evapora
tion, and left in a wurm room of uniform
temperature.
T he greatest advantage to the fruit
grower will result from checking too early
maturity, and from preventing early de
cay after harvesting. His success de
mands a place for storage with surround
ings favorable for preservation. One con
dition is conceded by all that the tem
perature must be lower than that required
for growth. That thirty-two degrees is
too low, seems to be the conclusion
of those best qualified to judge.
Fruit kept long ut that tem
perature, although apparently un
changed, when removed soon sinks to
decay, not apparently from over-ripeness,
but from the permanent suspension of all
active forces. The process of decay, not
that of ripening, takes possession. Cali
fornia shippers of oranges have come to
the conclusion that refrigerator curs do
not DSV: in fact thttt tlu-v Tmrn neon.
sionea great loss. It seems thut the con
ditions most favorable for the preserva
tion of fruit without loss in quality would
be secured by a store-room having the
temperature so low as to check (not
wholly destroy) the forces at work in
fruit, whether those f,orees be chemical
or organic so low that spores would
not be active; the air so dump that
moisture would not escape, while the
temperature and moisture should remain
uniform. Apples, as well as potatoes,
buried in the ground and so covered fis
to be protected from heat and frost, come
out in the upriug as fresh and blight us
when buried in the fall.
Grapes picked and wilted, then buried
in stone jars three to four feet below the
surface, will come out with stems green
and fruit plump and bright. In these two
cases the temperature remains more uni
form than could result with atmospheric
exposure. Cellars having springs in
them or streams passing through them
are noted for keeping apples and vegeta
bles fresh, even until late the next season.
1 he water acts as a regulator of both tem
perature and moisture. Tlu.se methods
of storage approach the conditions speei
fled above, aud the nearer the approach
the better the result.
If these conditions are favorable for
the preservation of fruit in all its stages
of ripeness, the question arises: How
may they be the best and most econom
ically secured ? The creameries aud milk
rooms now in use in the Western
States present the most satisfac
tory solution of the problem, as in them
the above conditions are economically re
alized in their most perfect form. These
rooms are inclosed on the top, bottom and
sides with ferur dead air spaces, with
double doors for entrance, aud they are
made as nearly air tight as possible.
Fresh air is supplied at the bottom
through a subterranean passage about
twelve rods long and eight to ten feet be
low the surface of the earth. This passage
is two feet wide and one foot high,
formed of stone work. Through it a
coustant current of air is passing into
the room. The temperature of this air
u controled mid regulated by that of the
earth at the depth of the psssage. Moist
ure is deposited if the temperature is in
creased, so as to give nearly a uniform
amount in the room.
Professor Arnold is authority for say
ing that while the extremes of heat and
cold in those States vary from 110 de
grees to forty degrees below, those rooms
will not vary in temperature over five de
grees during the year, uniformly remain
ing near fifty degrees. The air is pure,
and the room is perfect as a milk-room.
Ventilation is perfect, with uniform tem
perature and moisture.
Such a building need not be expen
sive. It can be built of coarse lumber,
the air spaces sheeted with building pa
per, while the stone passage can be put
down for from t5 to $8 per rod, depend
ing upon the hardness of the soil and
the proximity of stone. We have no
knowledge that any such appliance has
been used for keeping fruits and vege
tables, but it seems to present jusMhe
conditions necpssary for retaining every
valuable quality in fruits and iu vege
tables, and for checking decay. Amri
ran Agriculturist.
r
FARM AND OARDF.N KOTKS.
"There is no clover seed in the jvorld so
good as that raised on a sandy soil," af
firms a Wisconsin farmer.
There is perhaps no place on the farm
where a good dressing of manure will do
greater good than in an old apple orchard
whore the trees seem to be running out.
Soot has considerable value as a ferti
lizer. As much as 50,000 tons of it are
taken from the chimneys of London in a
year. It is estimated to be worth $100,
000, and is used as a fertilizer, half a
ton to an aero.
A good system of rotation enables .the
fanner to grow, at little or no expense,
his fertilizers in the soil where they are
needed. It also more than doubles the
value of the mnnure applied if used in
telligently and judiciously.
Bye straw, cut short, is the best ma
terial for packing eggs in barrels. Wheat
nud oats are more susceptible of retain
ing moisture, and of course Uiis moisture
has a tendency to mold, and in tirao to
injure the flavor of the eggs..
It has been demonstrated that horses
can be fed on ensilage with advantage,
aud that where they are not required to
do service, as in winter, an allowance of
thirty pounds of ensilage per day will
keep horses in good condition.
Any method of preparation that will
make ono acre of compact soil capable of
producing three, four or five times as
much as before, and tho improvement
continued, is worthy of adoption, even
though first cost be much more than for
tho land itself.
Over feeding is the common bane of
the pig, according to the American Agri
cuUuritt, which advises a pint of milk and
two ounces of boiled cornmeal mixed as
a daily ration for the first week, and a
gradual increase may be made, substitu
ting raw cornmeal.
A well-known New Jersey nurseryman
has declared that "crowding is one cause
of peach yellows. If your trees are too
thick pull out every other row, and as a
rule you will cure the yellows. Trees are
sometimes set as close as eight or ten feet,
but should be eighteen or twenty feet
npart."
On a recent morning every can of milk
coming into New York city was exam
ined by the State dairy inspectors. The
total number of cans inspected was 5728,
and of this number only fifteen of a
doubtful character were found. Samples
of these were taken for analysis. They
showed a light percentage of cream, in
dicating that the milk had been skimmed.
The result of the inspection shows that
the milk now sent to that city over the
railroads is ot better quality than ever
before.
WISE WORDS.
No one is satisfied with his fortune,
nor dissatisfied with his own wit.
Who of us have not regretted that age
when laughter was ever on the lipsl
Do not be afraid to go near your ene
my. 1 he nearer you get to a kicking
horse the less damage will result to your
person.
A fool can ask more questions than a
wise man can answer; but a wise man
cannot ask more questions than he can
And a fool ready to answer.
Nothing is so great an instance of ill-
manners as flattery. If you flatter all the
company you please none; if you flatter
only one or two you affront the rest.
Of all the actions of a man's life, his
marriage docs least concern other peo
ple, yet of all actions of our life, 'tis
most meddled with by other people.
If we cannot be a lighthouse, we can
be a caudle. A man said once that he
hadu't as much light as a rush-light.
"tten, I could set a whole city on Are
with that," said another.
It is poor encouragement to toil through
life to amass a fortune to ruin your chil
dren. In nine cases out of ten a large
fortune is the greatest curse which could
be bequeathed to the young and inex
perienced. When a person points out the "respect
able people" in his neighborhood he will
invariably select those who reflect him
self, aud often add that some think they
belong to the respectable class, but are
not recognized as such.
Probably the early race of mankind
were not much superior to other animal
life, and hi the absence of books and
other implements were entirely destitute
of means except what nature furnished,
yet they no doubt lived as happily ss their
posterity do.
If a man has a quarrelsome temper, let
him alone. The world will soon find
him employment. He will soon meet
with some one stronger than himself w ho
will repay him better than you can. A
man may fight duels all his life if he is
disposed to quarrel.
Kind words produce their own image
in men's souls, and a beuutiful image it
is. They soothe and quiet and comfort
the hearer. They shame him out of his
sour, morose, unkind feelings. We have
not yet begun to use kind words iu such
abundance as they ought to be used.
Cricket in England.
The Americau rage for basebll,
is after all weak compared to
the British rage for cricket.
At the last match between the two great
est ot the county elevens, Surrey and
Nottingham, which too!: three days to
play, nearly 60.00U people went to see ll
and Surrey's victory. The batting ol
Look wood and Able, w ho together nisde
150 iu Surrey's second inning, was so
important toward winning the mulch thai
the collection taken up for their benefit
aujouuted to over fiW),
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.
A Mexican authority claims that garlio
is a sure cure of hydrophobia.
Cold baths are now said to be effi
cacious in the euro of typhoid fever.
Tho spawn of most fish sinks, but that
of cod rises to the surface of the water.
An Italian has discovered that the do
cay incident to old age is caused by a
microbo which is inherited.
Hollow bricks are bring used in East
ern cities, nnd they cost one-third less
than regular price. They crush at 30,000
pounds.
A mnchine has boon invented which
cuts stone and makes 15,000 to 16,000
strokes per minute. It is being tried iu
Rhodo Island.
Throughout Italy the principal towns
arc, ono after another, providing build
ings for tho treatment of hydrophobia ac
cording to Pasteur's system.
A society has born started in Loudon
to promote tho development of tho sci
ence of mesmerism nnd of the application
of hypnotism to practical medicine.
A farmer in Muskegon County, Mich.,
who was stung on tho ear by n" bumble
bee while mowing in his field has gone
crazy. His doctor thiuks tho stinging
was the cause.
Tho largest engine iu the world is in
the hold of an Italian war-ship, called
Sardegun; it consists of four triplo ex.
pansion engines, and has a rapacity of
25,000 horse-power.
Seamless boiler tubes are now made
from solid ingots of metal by a process
that twists and stretches the fibres, and
is said to make a tube much stronger
than tho ordinary ones.
A hunter of Virginia City, Nov., claims
that he has discovered a deposit of fossil
ivory in tho Sierra Nevada range. He
took out two largo tusks of an elephant,
and is going back for more.
An oyster bod of unusual size nnd rich
ness was discovered recently by a Danish
fisherman near the coast of Jutland. It
is some eleven miles from land and fif
teen miles long by seven miles wide.
Most people know that tho common
oleander of our gardens is a very poison
ous plant; and there is every reason to
believe that the poisonous honey so often
referred to by ancient writers came, if
from anywhere, from its flowers.
The American whitefish promises to be
firmly established in English waters.
The United States Fish Commissioners
sent somo over Inst year to the fish hatch
ing establishment of Malvern Wells, and
the young fish are doing splendidly.
Professor Langley finds that a very
faint light may bo perceived in about
half a second, while an ordinarily bright
light requires one half that interval; and
that the same amount of energy may pro
duce at least 100,000 times'tho visual
effect in one color that it does in another.
Tho porgy factory at East Boothbay,
Me., is at present producing porgy ail bj
the cargo. It sells at twenty-live ooiiti
per gallon, and is used largely for mak
ing "pure linseed" and for export foi
soap-making. Of late Scotch soapmaken
have been taking a great deal of the oil.
The latest marine destructive machim
is a floating battering-ram. It consist?
of a cigar-shaped boat, made entirely ol
thick steel, and operated by the captain
.(inly, who is lodged iu an invulnerubli
turret. Such a contrivance as this it
capable of sinking the largest ironclud
with the greatest ease.
The Sweating Sickness.
Once England was attacked by a seri
ous epidemic, the sweating sickness,
which w as so called because, inthc-wurdf
of an old writer: "It did most stand ir,
sweating from beginning to ending." It
first made its appearance in England, and
was generally known on the Continent at
the "English sweat." It was observed
generally to spare foreigners iu this coun
try, and also to be specially fatal tc
Englishmen when it appeared abroad;
aud it was surmised that the immoderatt
use of beer, then so common in England,
rendered its inhabitants particularly sus
ceptible to the disease. Beginning ir
1485, in the army of Richmond, after
ward Henry VII., it spread quickly ovei
the country with most fatal results. It
seems to have been a species of violently
inflammatory fever, which suffused the
whole body with a fetid perspiration,
the crisis generally occurring within
twenty-four hours of the first seizure.
Like most other epidemics, it was spe
cially fatal to healthy, vigorous men iu
the prime of life, aud hurdly one pei
cent, of such recovered. Iu Loudon,
where it raged with peculiar violence,
two Lord Mayors aud six Aldermen died
iu oue week. This first outburst con
tinued" its ravages uutil the end of the
year, its cessation being nearly coincident
with a violent tempest on New Year's
Day, I486, which was therefore sup
posed to have caused its disappearance.
Further outbreaks of this epidemic oc
curred in England in 1506 and 1517,
when ugain Loudon suffered severely;
and in 152S nnd 1529 not only this couu
try, but also France and (lermuny, and,
in a less degree, Holluud, Sweden und
Poland, were visited by tho same pestil
ence. The last appearance of the sweat
ing sickness in England was in 1551,
when the disease was particularly virulent
in Shrewsbury and the valley of th
Severn. Chambert't Journal.
Animal Life In the Gulf Stream.
The surface wuters in the Gulf Stream
teem with minute life of all kinds.
There the young of larger animals exist,
microscropic in size; and adult animals
which never grow large enough to bs
plainly visible to the naked eye occur in
immense quantities. By dragging a fine
silk net behind tho vessel, these minute
forms are easily taken, aud when placed
iu glass dishes millions uncounted ar.
seen swimming backward and forward.
When looked at through a microscops
we see young jelly fishes, the young ol
barnacles, crabs aud shrimps, besides tin
adult microscopic species, which are very
abundant. The toothless whale finds in
these his only food. Hushing through
the water, with mouth wide open, by
means of his whalebone strainers the
miuute forms are separated from the
water. Swallowing those obtained aftei
a short period of straining, he repeati
the operution. The ubundanoo of tbii
kind of life can be judged from tho fact
that nearly all kinds of whales exist
exclusively upon these animals, most
of them so small thut they are not noticed
on the surface. Pvjiuhir Science Monthly.
New strawberry plantations cauuot b
worked too much. Weeds are very mud
disposed to grow among them, and whet
they have once obtained root it js yerj
difficult rvuioviuM them.
The Force of Evaporation.
An average of five feet of water is es
timated to fall annually over the whole
earth, and, assuming that condensation
takes place at an average height of 80UOI
feet, scientists concluded that the force
of evaporation to supply such rainfall,
must equal tho lifting of 822,000,000
pounds of water 3000 feet in every min
ute, or about 800,000,000-horsc-power
constantly exorted. Of this prodigious
amount of energy thus created a Tory,
small propoition is transferred to the
waters that run back through rivers to,
the sea, and a still smaller fraction is :
uttlizcd by man ; the remainder is dissi
pated in space.
He Wanted to (let Out.
The Oxford (Me.) democrat tells a
story of a genllemnu of the old school
who used to aspire to all kinds of ofllcial
honors, and sought every occasion to ex
pose his oratory. Ho was once undertak
ing tho feat of fording tho Androscoggin
River with an old mare and wagon. Sud
denly ono wheel struck a hidden rock,
whilo the other settled in the sand, and
tho old man found himself ragod be
neath his wagon on the bod of tho river.
The old man on relating tho circum
stance said: "The first thing I thought
of was how I should exonerate myself."
A Pmslbl. Man
Would use Kemp's Halsam for the Throat and
Lnnf s. It Is ourlnc more case ot CoukIib,
folds, Asthma, Iironchlt Is, Croup and all
Throat and Lung Troubles, than any other
medicine. Tbo proprietor lias authorised aur
druggist to give you a Sample Bottle Ftm to
ronvl.ipo you of the merit of this treat rem
edy, l-arfr Hottltw SOc. and $1.
TnKRB are lM.OU) miles of railroad In the
Vnited Rtatvs. Within twentv-three years
121,UU) miles of this have been tmlit.
Her Vmcm W'mm Her Fortune.
Phe wan a pretty n a plot 11 r and no ani
mated and lively that ft did one ff-od tn look
at her. iShe mi all this but Miein not now.
Poor ftoul. tb roue linger no more in her
rheeka. the former luster ot her eyes is (pine.
Hhe 1b pi woe-hrKone lot.kliiK piece nf humanity
mm. Hue hnn one of flume trouble no com
mon to women nnd tieedn Ir. Pierce's Favorite:
Prescription. It recuperate the wasted
ntrentrtn, put the whole system rliht restore
the roten and the lutvr aud trakes the wo
man wbnt he once wa, bright, well and
happy. " Favorite Prescription" in the only
medicine for women, Bold hy drufr.'lt, untter
a jHwifMV mitwantff from the manufacturer,
that it will give ratUfin-tion tn evry caae, or
money will le refunded. Thin guarantee haa
been . rimed on the bottle-wrap, ?r, nd falth
lullycarri d out for niany yearw.
Forall derangements of th liver, stamach
and bowels, tae Dr. Pierce' Pellet. One
d( Se.
Tnn total number of paying visitors to the
Pa is Exposition up to recent uato as lO.On?,-
"Th days of miracle are past." That may
be, and yt some of the most wonderful thin 1
ever wit netted by tho human family have oc
curred Ithin the lat decade. Not the leat of
these wonders is the siicce which the agents
of H. F. Johtmtn Ar Co., Hich-"ond, Va,, are
mcctiii. Write them f r particulars. They
will show yruhow to ork yonder.
If ainictea w.i.. oreec use Dr. Iaac Thomp
son's ttye-wator. Druk'gistsscllai.Sjc.per bottl
A box wind matches frc to smoker ol
njU' L.t&c,t;ifc J
Out of Sorts
If 1 fwllns peculiar to peraoni of dy.pcptio ten-!
dencjr, or It mr on c.umsI by ehmiiie of climate,'
eiuon or life. The ttomach U out of order, the headj
ache, or doea not feel right, appetite la caprl-l
.lout, the nrrraa irem orerworkod, the ntlud It;
confuted and Irritable. Tnla condition limit an rz-l
pellent correct Ire in nnod'l Sanaparllla, which, bj,
Ita rrirulatlug and toning- powert, toon restore har-
monjr to the tyitem, and glret that tircngtb of mind,;
nervea, and body, which makea one feel perfectly
welt I
N. B If you decide to tak. Hood's Baraaparlllai
do not be Induced to buy any other.
Hood's Sarsaparilla I
Sold by all drugiiltla. $li tlx for S3. Prepared only.'
by C. I. HOOD CO., Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass. I
IOO Doses One Dollar j
YOU will SAVK MOM BY, V Tht
-J line, ram, Tr.uui.
aud will Ci nu
r.. -. m
CATARRH
BY VWIXO
ELY'S CREAM BALM.
Apply Balm Into each nostril.
ELY BltOfV, M Wsrren Bu. M Y. fcV
JONES
11 1 j i
PAY8THKFREICHT.!
8 Tan Vt aiiou Sriilr.,
Tiro iiauv an I l..sia Sut for
nui
ST.ry ! S. ak. Tci trw r-r., lljt I
nuiiwt p ul tdf m. ,
JONeti OF BIRGUAMTON. 1
HINflHiMTOH, W. Y.
CAUTION
If not abov$ helnar tauk'bt bv a tnan, take this
ffKf( advice. Try Pobbin' Electric Soap n-Kt
.Vinrfny. It won't cost much, and you will then
know for youtml just how good it m. He s tire
to get no Initiation There are lot of them.
Tnp window glais production this year will
be 8.Jlf.HN)logw.
-
be a good, on which dealers male more profit but aeud direct to factory, nud receive by returu mall
what you want. (State kind, button, eouRrea or lace, wide or narrow ik, alt aud width, and aolo
(trie with order, frimiyt deliver aud aUaXaciiuu Kuaiaulecd. Addif
. L. VOX iil.An, Itracktoa, Ma.
$5
4T
All made In Congress, Button aud Lace.
W. L DOUCLAS $3 AND $2 SHOES FOR LADIES.
Both Ladi' Shoe ar mad la alies from 1 to 1, lududlug half alaca, and B, C, D, E and widths.
HTVI.K4 OF LAlMKtV HHOKH.
"Tha French Opera,' "The fepaalab Arch Opera,' "Tbo American Common Peue,"
"The Medium ( ummuu rVnae.' All made In Mutton la lb La(et rMjtea. Alaa reuch
Opera iu Front l.ace, an J tShaeoaly.
8Prri A W. 1;, IXM I.IAM' 93 tl RAIN MIOE Uaoed) for Gentlemen, wlto heary
-WW tap aula aud atrlclly watriruuft la luat out.
- ( w, L. ,11 tO r I, A H, Brock I o n, Ma.
AddreaaOK.
va Dr. KothUr'M
Mixture" right uiunf umth Muccctm. it u
U beti coiic mttuHnt 1 hat m ar an.
I6AAC MOOU, Horaa VeaUr,
ArooJcsyis, h'tw York.
JOSEPH H. HUNTER, SS
Best Coiicrh Mdiin.
Cure where all vluo failg.
uafci. vnuaren take n wlthwt objection. By drusifUta.
KwMfPaWfJWl1
tm
. f r KIMsl Hi-.lND&Lirgtsl. ,u w.,.,.,o.f, u-l t... iu. try .
"cri nn I riU r nmu nucitiu i pibd ,,.ui eni, n,i
40rl H n IVV """ tt.railr. ..Ml.. .r.nIUilo.b t.uiilii. .IILoulUi. 'Vu.
Siir" .r.J" tr.rt.iuftit. m..lr.i.4 C.t.l.f.. f,.. 1. 1. l..r, tail.1, Uu.
5UACODS01L
FOR LAMENESS AND SWELLINGS.
laths Hip. OUn, rnuo.,CI., Umt, "SS.
1lirHWIMrrni.untwllkUmiNi
In hip; wu In Im4 Brt f Um; trl.4 imnl In.
tort wlthast Wattlt: irti cwtS St thr. -r fsa.
epp.lVBMVM ... .H.D. VII.
m. HAiria.
AlWRTS Tbert. rtlmrra, SllcS.. MtylS, ,
Km St. J.cbi oil for I.b.o.m wiu '
V.HIU; k.r. IUMdl.4 It fnr tw.l. stri; ftlwhyt
u tuck. s. r. waniujuH, Dniit.
I twetllncs. tlttlt Olit, WU V.Ttl.llll.
i Snfl.r.4 thrtt yttrt with w.lltngt fa iKprl
IiIm.. In ..Ur.,1 .1. .1 It JlMbl Oil. M
tmr U Sro pin. ARK OLD T0 SASUIL.
AT riRt'OOIXT AND IHil.EM.
IKI CHARLES A. V0GELER CO.. Btltlmors, HI'
IK V-3H
EOT LATEST IMPROVED
HORSE POWER
MarhlneeforTHHrTnlirsiU 11 1 KMNO
U rain, tin illn.-M.r. f r NAWISII WIMIII
with Ctrrnlar mni
Aeknoldfed L . Cat Un Stirs,
uruitobe ,70. mm.-
nrPT
1 USTBMFT, DURaIILIT! IJUsHIITK Of WOftK
ilrWTnas A.W. GRIT S SONS,
minnf.KTOWN hprinuh, vt.
PAKE CHICKENS
PAY.
f ron know tviw tonronrrlr ears
nrthrni. FoT'i.1 rnrt 111 ittniis
Jrou en procures m-l'AtK HtiuR,
Riving tli eiiwririice of prarti
(si Ivultry lU.nrr-not su iun
Unr, hut man work in ir for do!
)rm au.l 0e11tB--1l1.H1.if a iwriM nf
I ft yiuir. It taWie you how to
iJrbri't and I'ur ltieara: to KeM
ior t.jitrm and alrm for KtiHenluir;
Jvh.rli Fnwla to Have fir JlreMIn
runmirR: ami rvervLlilnir. Inilee.!.
(ymi honlrt knew n tttia utMrutto n
mn. It front
ituoK rra
, N. V. City
'utr. ocm iuaiaiu or '.r. n
uui ra 13. j.ftnari ntreet
OPIUM HABIT.
Vsltmlilv Trrntl.o fjlvlnff
Information of an Kany and Rpeedy cur.iM u
A
nil
heaffllrtd. lri. J.C
rIoFrMAK.Jeltarson.wljicontla.
p- . ii 1 1 a ; y, r"--3 -f
The HulOlc School Fountain Fen, with .leaf filler,
nd a doren Pent, immi! nreiald for WW. tint a toy.
'. S. KOI'NTAIN I'KN CO., 7a Warren St, Mew York.
II A Qr PA IT Chadwick'il
aAoIi CALL '!'? '...
Manual
O mii.
Illuminated ( avers
1ENT FREE
tmiicauoo fn noting- on
lav.) stamp, by a1itre.n
HKODOHR HOLLAND, I'
x l'ju, rnita., ra.
and W I .k ".
a. cured at hom. rntli
ealn. Roct of par-
tlenlar sent FBI KB.
a II W(X !.!. T. at. Is.
moe est. WhltaaaU 0V
FP.AZER
AXLE
GREASE
BIST f Til WASLD
I r lit lit. (i.nuHie. Bold KT.rywh.ra.
MflMF "Tl lY. Poos keeping, Butloets Forma,
nfUfna, 1-enmanshlp, Arithmetic, 8hnrt-haud,.tr.t
IU thoroughly taught ty MAIL. I'trcular. frn.
( iryanl'a I ollrgf, 4.17 Main St., Buffalo, M. Y.
1CUTI Flfrilf " TOU It fua tend your
,tniLLITItSI ad.lress to Tli. Aaierfraa
Jan i
rrapondlng (into, rlark.tmrg, W. Va.
OPIUM
If A HIT. Only Certala nnd
ra.y CTRK In the World. lr.
J. L. BTKl'IIKNS, lUaaan,0
mi ovT RUGS.
Frloe ll.U of machines,
imtterui aud yarns frea.
vgenta wantod.
K. IttlWH dL' I II., Toleilo, Ohio.
S25
AU UnilE) mndo by .nr Agent..
MR tlUUtl TUB l)K. I'r'.KklNS
iVIKDKAl. !., KUhlllond. Va.
FARMS
ro you want tobny or aell f I IUf9
IC so .cud slam . for clrcTr to ll ft II
(.Win i)nrrt. 433 Broadway, N. Y.
: t rv Fink Blooiikd Cattla, Sheep, Hojf,
iSxSTt Poultry, Sporllngl'ogt female, eifuluff's
Mill l.vi t iig'r'srrr. N.l' boj cr lM.,Coalallle,'a.
PEERLtSS 0I8
in th. JtE!T.
S- UJ T Liatoovra.
if! A UT
nun
NEW
1 II 111 I I I
THKATMEXT.
UflliuDuABALTIO,
A applied at the
ilnllaud MrMtfalautt Cancer Imtltitte, HufTalo, N. Y.
(amoves i'aiieer without pain ir ui of knife. Score
f i.atteuis Ki'fa In mujuallfteri terms of urais oi
Ue iiuwii of thin treatmrut. Writ for circular.
MOLLAMI rl If HIM-'. CO.. Hnllalo, N. V
MONET IN CniCKVNft.
For IV. a 1(hVm book, eiperltmc of
a prmAlfl poultry raiser durtof
jff an. It teachra how U doteut aaa
run si I aLM t to ftW fur ertrt aa
.forfatu-nmg t which (owl to aT toi
rfcisisi1isi r 4a & AfMn-aa
mBQ KM. aWLafc, II Lnar4 U. a t OlfW
Newspaper Readers Atlas.
Color! Mi
I Man of aaoh Stata aad Tanitorr i
di ot ovary Country Iu th World i
i anuaro mltaa uf ttavrh tit. Mtt sw
givea tUl
ueut, population, oivief clua, araratfe taut
Cnatuxa. aalary of ofTULaJa, autwber ot
mil, their production) tha vaJp aaaa
ufaturaa, nnmber of ciDuluyea, ate. i aia
area ot aach 'ori Country, fdrtn of
go eramot. population, product, amount
of trada, rcnffUaiv, alaa ox army and Ula-
law
titl, aliMp. ttt.
a I !T in
laiu.f IHOI'U)
book mm. uoina, in imh m.. n. t. hj.
nao-ra ffl full oafa Uaua. Kaalnalil tt,r ah.
V. L. DorOf.A' nam an1 thepric aretlmp4
OD the bottom of nil Hhoea advertUcd by him beor
loavlng hta factory; tht proteeta the wearer a;ainal
high price and Inferior rood. Tak mm un
It ao lis.miit.!. nor 1m uftl veil lv othera claimed tt
W. L. DOUGLAS
$3 SHOE CENTLEMEN.
Our rlntniN fnr iht ho ver 9311 other
he adverilaed aret
It coniulua better material.
It la more Niyllah, belter flu lug; and durblv
ll tflvra better aeuerul aaiiaittctiuu.
li save more money lor I be couaamer.
It great aiteeea i due ta merit.
liL-Miinoi bo duplicated by auy atber a ana
lHciurer.
It la beat la I be world, and ha a larger
aetuaud thau any other h.t anoo nrrile.
ftflfl will b paid to auy perwm who will rovo
ie hIkiv. slauuneuu to b. nutrue.
The following line of shoe, will be found to D. of th.
same high ttaiiil.ril of .scIUm-a:
3.U0 UI.M INK IIIMI-NCWF.I) MIIOB.
84.00 11 AMI-hKH Kit tl.T MKII!.
K I.50 HOLM K A N It KAII.IIKKW MIOE.
S'j.IiO KXTKA VAI.CK t A I K MIOE.
'g.'J4 U (lit It INtltl A VX r-IIOE.
SVi.OO fJOOII-W KA U MIDK.
3.UOandl.?3 HOVrt' M HOtlf, KIIOES.
-erei isn't
in 111 iltflJJ
J 3 l l
OK. KOK1I litH'H FAVOU1TK OI.lt' MIXTUKK
for all d vine tie aiiliutili., will cur Mt out of every 100 ca&e of oullc, w bather f aV
ultul or apaomtMlle. tau-eiy mora than 1 vr 9 doea iteceaMi It doea uot coo
atlpate, rather act aa a laxative aud la -utirly harnilru. AUer 2u veara of trial
la mora thuix BUOu caae. our guarantee la worth aoititnlilug. folic muac bo
treated promptly. Kxpend a few cent and you bav u cure ou hand, readr
Ttheu aeedrd. aad iwrhaa aave avajuaulr hurae. IX uot ut your diurtflal',
Cloae GO cent for aainule Ix'ttle. -ant preiiMkl.
I.OHII.1K c CO., Ilethleheut, Pn.
"favorttm Coit
h e chrrfully rrcvmmttid Vr. Koektr'
trithout it as long j u have Anna,
ISAAC MtWAS BAO.,
Salt and ExehaJiye StubUt, tasty. M
WiHIUKfiT
a
II. I. t.t.T 1
without DC
r1
KinmmAnrio,i v. i)v..;..an.
Vleaamut ud a tree a bio to the
i Tils Best
Waterproof
- i
ft. rm
r j
it"