THE USEFUL RUBBER TREE
FKOM THE WHITE SAP TO THE
HANDY OVERSHOE.
IntrrrKihiff Facts About the Crowtli,
Irrnral Ion, Importation, and
' MaiiufiKHiro of lliiblicr.
Tbo free which produces, rulibrr is
fcnonti to thpsrirntist n "Siphoni.-i rlns
1ira," nml is fouml in Brazil, tho north
nnd wi'st consls of South Amorien, (.'en
1ral America, Mcxiro, cast nnd
nest coasts of Africa, and India.
There arc many shrubs, vinos, nnd even
trees wliich produce rubber, but not in
merchantable quantities. Even our com
mon milkweed would produce n very fair
rubber,
The standard and most reliable rubber
in quality, as well as the highest priced
the celebrated I'ara bisquit is procured
from llrazil, while from the west coast of
Africa conies the lowest prade. In fact,
this latter for several years has been de
teriorating in quality, due in fact l. care
lessness or fraud on the part of gather
ers, though in theory the importers be
lieve that this is a sure result of the ad
vance of the missionary.
The so-called rubber plant found in
many houses, nnd admired for its beauti
ful foliage, is not the tree which produces
the rubber of commerce, for this tree, as
found in Brazil, grows to the height of
of about sixty feet, without branches ex
cept at the top, where it is crowned with
rich foliage. The leaves arc of a dark
preen color, thick nnd glossy, resembling
the magnolia, and the bark is smooth and
regular. On the Lower Amazon, among
tho islands, rubber is collected and
brought to market every month in the
year; but rubber from the upper river,
fathered during tho dry season, only
reaches market during the wet season, for
the double reason of the necessity for
high water to enable the river steamers to
reach the higher branches of the river and
the enormous distances to bo sailed over
by these steamers, whose trips iuto Peru,
nnd to the head water nnd back, cove r a
distance greater thnn from here to Liver
pool nnd back nnd consume n much
-rmgcr time". Between Para which is
the great shippping port for rubber and
the Andes mountains there are 30,000 to
40,000 miles of navigable water of the
Amazon nnd its tributaries.
At the beginning of a season say the
latter part of May or the early part of
June the emigration of laborers to work
on rubber estates is very large, the steam
ers from the south (mostly from the
Province of Ceara) going up the Amazon
loaded with rubber gatherers, most of
whom return again in the autumn, when
the rainy season begins. Those who re
main live a most indolent life in lightly
built bamboo huts perched on piling to
elevate them above the rising waters.
These laborers have all been previously
engaged by some proprietor of a rubber
estate or seringoes, as they are there
called.
: Some of the seringoes are very cxten
sive, in which many men nre employed
and tho work carried on very systemat
ically, being divided into three gangs.
One gang clears paths from tree to tree
by constantly chopping nnd cutting at the
wild nnd luxuriant vegetable growth
which would otherwise render travel im
possible. A second pang follows, nnd
with narrow hatchets cuts long V-shaped
pashes in the bark of the tree. At the
point of the V a small clay cup or saucer i
is placed, into which the white milky sap !
slowly trickles. Iu about four hours the
milk ceases to flow nnd each cup has
yielded about a gill. A third gang fol
lows, gathering the contents of the cups
into a large calabash, which iu turn is
emptied into ono of these largo turtle
shells so much used in housekeeping in
these regions. The turtle shell filled, it is
returned to camp ns quickly ns possible,
as tho milk soon begins to congeal. It
is now given to the "makers," each of
whom sits by a fire made of dry palm
, nuts, over which has been placed nn
earthen jar without bottom and with nar
row neck. This makes a crude sort of
chimney, which gathers the white smoke
that rises from the tire in dense clouds.
The "maker,'' sitting by this chimney,
from a small calabash pours a little of the
milk on a sort of light wooden paddle or
shovel, always careful by proper manage
ment to distribute it evenly over the sur
face. Thrusting the shovel iuto the thick
smoke of tho chimney, he turns it to and
fio with great rapidity, wheu the milk
is seen to consolidate and take a grayish
yellow tinge. Thus ho puts on layer
upon layer, until at last the caoutchouc,
ns tho South Americans term it, on both
sides of tho paddle has reached a depth
of from one to two feet. Cutting it on
one side he takes it off the shovel nnd
suspends it in the sun to dry. The
caoutchouc, from its first color of n clear
silver pray, turns shortly iuto a yellow,
and finally becomes the well-known dark
brown of the rubber, such as it is when
exported.
The rubber is now in the form of the
"fine Para bisquit'' ns imported. These
bisquits vary in size, I suppose, with the
strength or energy of the maker. Home
weigh no more than half a pound, while
I have seen them weighing 050,' though
about 150 to 200 pounds is the usual
weight. The bisquit, when finished and
cut from the paddle, contains titty-six per
cent, water, which must be wholly evapo
rated before it is ready to be put into
poods. This las is divided between the
different parties who handle it. The
preatest hiss is between the camp and
Para, where every hisqui: is cut for grad
ing of quality. This important feature
is presided over by black major domos.
These men become very expert judges of
qunlity, their judgment seldom being at
fault. It is iimil between buyer and seller,
and is accepted us well by the manufac
turers in tho consuming markets. They
are of considerable local importance. The
sweepings of the camp, the dripping of
the trees, and cleanings from the basin,
etc., are uiore carelessly rolled together
iuto scrappy balls.
In Ecuador the sap is floated on water
and coagulated by sprinkling with if-hcs,
sometimes iu goodly quantities, us it in
creases weight. In Nicaragua the sap is
drawn iu thiu dishes nnd coagulated by
mixing with the bruised leaves of a plant
growing in tho vicinity. Iu India and
Africa rubber is obtained by allowing the
sap from the gash to (low down the side
of the tree into a kind of basin scooped
out iu the soil. It is then gathered with
the loose balk and dirt into bundles for
shipment. Iu sections of Africa the na
tives have a method of gathering by
Miicariiig the sap on their naked bodies,
coining into camp veritable living rubber
be
This, and even more uncleanly
' ' 'stiuetive and odoriferous stench
("uuj i Clii IU:rrssing to a stranger if tui-i-ctcdly.
Tho rubber, ns it arrives in this ronn
tey, contains a large percentage of im
purities, nnd the first of tho peneral pro
cess is to eradicate these impurities. Thin
is done by passing the gum a number of
times through tho washer or masticator.
This machine consists of two corrugated
or grooved rolls, over which a continuous
stream of water is running. These rolls,
tear or pull the piece from its original
form to that of a long, nnrrow sheet, full
of irregular incisions. This permits the
water to thoroughly wash nnd cleanso it.
from all impurities. After it is thor
oughly dried the gum is next taken to tho
mixing or grinding machine. Hero it is
unshed into fine pulp having the consist
ency of stiff dough. Next, the calender
either runs the compound into sheets, to
be cut into various articles, or spreads It
on a piece of cloth, or. crhnps, by means
of friction between the surface of tho
rolls, thoroughly forces or rubs the com
pound into the fibre of the cloth.
After being made into tho required
shape the various articles nre taken to tho
"vulennizer" nnd there cured or baked
nnd their forms made permanent. This
latter process is a very important one.
Hubbcr in its crude state becomes soft,
when subjected to heat nnd very hard
w hen subjected to severe cold, but by the
vulcanizing processs it is rendered uni
formly elastic when exposed to the most
intense cold or to any degree of cold.
From three to ten per cent, of sulphur,
according to the degree of elasticity de
sired, is incorporated with the rubber; it
is then for several hours subjected to heat
from 250 degrees to 300 degrees of tem
perature, and rubber can thus be made ns
hard ns iron, with a beautiful polish al
most equal to glass, or it can bo made ns
elastic as the native rubber. Keio York
1'hncs. j
SELECT SIFTIXGS.. '
Tea-smoking has become a craze.
The number of churches burned last
year was 1S2.
In Georgia it is unlawful for a man to
marry his mother-in-law.
During the flood they caught carp in
the streets of Washington.
Up to the timo of Pliny lemons were
considered a deadly poisou.
A military pigeon station has been
established iu Switzerland.
Anonymous donations seem to be com
ing into fashion ngaiu iu England.
Garlic, salt, bread nnd steak nre first
put in the cradle of a new-born child in
Holland.
Smoking during service is said to be
customary in some of the rural churches
in Holland.
The smallest baby in the West was born
recently at Woodsdale, Kan. Its weight
was one pound.
A good woman in Brooklyn committed
suicide when she heard that her husband
had been arrested for stealing.
A Frenchman in Paris advertises that
he will pay 25 reward "fora strictly
novel nnd original way of committing
suicide."
James Gordon Bennett, of the New 1
York Herald, paid a Paris doctor ?'5000
for three minutes work in cutting a wart
oft" his neck.
An inn at Grantham is said to be subject
to a rent charge of t?10 a year, originally
left by n Jlr. Solomon, for au annual
sermon against drunkenness.
A company is being formed to recover
the $300,000 worth of specie that was on
board the French warship L'Orient when
Nelson sank her at the battle of the Nile,
ninety years ago.
There is said to be n stream near Tuc
son, Arizona, which petrifies very soft
substance put iuto it. A biscuit dropped
into the crystal water is alleged to have
turned to stone within a few minutes.
They had a queer elopement nt Charles
town, Ind., the other day. Joshua
Mullen ran away with Lucinda True.
Joshua had a wagon but no horse. He
took a seat iu the wagon and made
Lucinda pull it.
A fisherman ut Winthrop, Me., says he
caught a pickerel iu Lake Maranocook and
found in its stomach a roll of undi
gested bank bills, ntuountingto$300. He
thinks that the money was lost by a
sporting man whose boat was upset on the
lake more than a year ago.
A Chicago supply company has hit upon
a novel idea to attract attention to its de
livery wagons. It is simply the misspell
ing of the word economy. On one side it
is painted "ecomey,'' on the other
"econemey." People look at it, laugh nnd
imagine the business manager of the com
pany is a first-class fool, but he isn't, all
the same.
The Dog and the Apes.
Rather an interesting occurrence is told
by a correspondent in the Field (Eng
land) of his experiences with the apes on
the Kock of Gibraltar: "A few days ago
I was climbing on a hill here, the sides
of which nre precipitous in places, with
two friends und my two dogs. We all
saw a troop of apes at a distance of about
fifty or sixty yards from us. My two fox
terriers set olf iu full chase. The older
of the two dogs (a fourteen pound dog,
two years old) seized and killed three
young apes, about the size of cats, in
about ten seconds, taking them across
the loins and killing them instantly.
While at the third, or immediately after
ward (I was not (piitc close enough to see,
owing to bushes), one of the apes, about
four feet six inches high, seized the dog
and threw her over the clill precipice.
The ape picked her up in both hands and
deliberately threw her over, without pre
viously biting or damaging her iu any
way. This was seen by several men at
work. With much ditliculty I managed
to keep the other dog in. We afterward
found the body of the dog, quite dead,
below: she having fallen between 100 nnd
and 150 feet. The apes above were chat
tering, und apparently much excited." It
may be interesting to note that the Hock
is the only place iu Europe where thee
apes run wild. So much ure they thought
of that a special law was passed for their
protection. Tins particular ape showed
comineuiiable reason iu using his strength
instead of his teeth, iu which case he
might have fared badly.
Vegetable Twins.
A pair of vegetable Siamese twins have
been discovered iu a forest some three
miles from Wcuthcrslicld, Windsor Coun
ty, Vermont. Two birch trees standing
about four feet apart ure united by a cross
branch w hich st ems to belong to both,
und on being whittled in ' the middle
trickled do ,vii titpdrawn from citherside,
us coidd be seen by removing a iiurrow
strip of bark along a line running from
both trees toward the ceuter of tho con
necting link.
TOE FARM AND GARDEN. . i
'tV " :-
, 8T0NK FItrlTS.
It is thoeed thnt exhausts in fruit prc-
duction. This is especially true of largo
seeds inclosed in stones. The proportion
of seed to tho fruit is proportionately
prenter in tho cherry, plum nnd peach
thnn in tho npplo or pear. In tho de
velopment of seeds, potash is very es
sential. Trees that over-bear have the
growth of their fruit checked nt just tho
point where seed development ought to
begin. In tho grapevine tho exhaustion
from over-bearing causes tho vino to
mildew and refuse to ripen either fruit ot
wood. Thinning the bunches early and
applying a liberal dose of potash salts art
tho best preventives of this diseased con
dition of the vine. fiotfon Cultivator,
THE POTATO mop.
One of the most valuable of farm crop)
is potatoes. It may easily realize ?50 pel
acre for feeding stock nlono nt tho rate ol
twenty-five cents per bushel, nt which
price it can bo most profitably used. A
belated crop can never mako up for lost
time. A forward crop escapes tho later
dangers. So that now this crop should
bo pushed nhe.id by frequent cultivation
and whatever fertilizing can be afforded.
The ground should be thoroughly loosened
between tho rows nt once, nnd no other
implement is belter for this work than tin
common "bull-tongue" plow, which,
when run in tlio middle of the rows, mel
lows and opens the soil for the spread oi
tho roots. This cannot bo done later.
After this the use of a light harrow in tin
rows, with a dressing of gypsum, will
help tho crop very much. JTew Yorl
Timet.
OATIIEMNO AND DRTrXO IIEItBS,
Herbs that nro to be preserved should
be collected ns soon ns they begin to
flower and on a dry day after tho dew
nnd moisture deposited on them have
evaporated. It is better to dry them in
the shade in a situation where they nro in
a current ot ary air rather tlinn in a i
hented room or by direct exposure to the
rnys of the sun. In tho lntter case they
w ill lose much of their preen color, which
will nffectthem unfavorably if intended
for sale, and while they should bo dried
quickly to preserve their aromatic quali
ties it should be done in such a way as to
retain their color nswcll. The same rule
will npply to roots, which should be thor
oughly washed before drying. As soou
as properly dried both plants nnd roots
should be packed away iu boxes or other
wise so as to exclude them from the nir
and preserve their valuable properties
whether aromatic or medicinal. For
homo use tho cheap paper bags now so
common answer the purpose well. Theso
should bo marked with the name of tho
variety nnd hung up or laid away in a
dry place until wanted. Quite a number
of plants that might be named are found
growing in fields nnd along roadsides, of
which some should be gathered nnd pre
served for their medicinal qualities
against a timo of need. This is some
thing that should not be neglected, oth
erwise they will quite often be wanted nt
a season when they cannot be gathered,
and besides this they are better for use
when dried than when preen. Tho
leaves of tho well-known savory herbs
can be usually sold to butchers nnd gro
cers so ns to pay quite well for raising und
curing them. Ai York 'World.
HARVESTING AXD THRESHING GRAIN.
Nine twine bound bundles arc enough
to put in a shock. Set up four, then
break joints with four more and caji with
one bundle. A shock thus set up will
dry out evenly nnd will not mold. If
will stand ns well as a large shock, and
have but a small quantity of grain ex
posed to bleach. Cut no grain when if
is wet with dew. Wheat, rye nnd barley
should be ripe when cut. Oats may b
cut a little green, but if afterward left in
the rain, they had better be riper. All
grain should be threshed as soon ns pos
sible after it is dry. The flint varieties
of wheat may be threshed w hile dampei
than the soft varieties. Barley and oats
will not hold in bulk as readily ns wheat,
but no grain should be threshed wet.
Every fanner wants his threshing done
as early ns possible; he wants a quick jok
and his prain saved. If ho would ac
complish this he must be ready when flu
machine is. The requirements nre, th
best of fuel, plenty of hands, plenty oi
sacks, plenty of tools, and arrangement
must be such as to have the work go ot
steadily nnd without interruption, wit!
no rushing but with a will. When nieah
are ready the men must go at once, for il
is important to keep on the right side ol
the cook. Arrange so that as many maj
eat together as possible, nnd let those eal
first who are wanted first. Two pcrsom
at least should stay with tho machine
one of the owners and some one inter
ested in the job of threshing. It is al
ways safest.
The handling of grain is the next con
sideration. It is best to put only on
bushel in a sack. It is more easily handled,
can bo loaded and unloaded more rap
idly; is less liable to be wasted; is much
easier on the sacks and saves tying und
untying.
Straw may bo stacked with a view ot
forming a shelter for stock. Sheds an
formed by placing posts -twelve feet higb
at proper intervals for strength. On these
place a strong ridga pole. The shed
should be the full length of the stack;
preferably in the center, though it may
be put on either side or end. Let good
solid poles or timbers extend from the
ridge pole to the ground, four feet upart
nnd leaning ut an unglo of forty-five de
grees. Commence ut the top, nnd nail
on lath half way down, leaving the bot
tom open. Then build the stack upon the
frame thus made. Such a shed is self
supporting and stock cannot waste the
straw. If there is more straw than can
be stacked on the shed frame, do not al
low it to be thrown to one side and re
main in a loose pile. Leave no loose straw
around the stack. Clean all up und haul
to the burn for bedding.
To owners of machines I would say:
Keep the machines in good order, over
hauling every day. Oil is cheaper than
machinery. Castor oil and beeswax are
the best materials to put on belts. Keep
the cylinder on the exac t divide myl it
will thresh clean out of the head, and
avoid cutting. Allow the cylinder little
end play. Always set at right angles
with the direction of the wind. This
gives u clean side to measure on, keeps
straw unci chart out of the threshed gram
and helps the straw hands. Keep the
boilers clean. Never run a machine when
it is empty. Never belt bind the ma
chinery. Hun it level as uearly as pos
sible. Keep the belts from tho dew and
wet, aud ulwuys use the best grades of lu
bricating oil. American Ajrkulturitt.
WORMlfO MARKS.
i Is it beneficial to mares suckling colts
to pivo them flax seed In any shape, ot
oil meal, nnd nro they safe to give marci
before foslingf Flax seed is safe, and
beneficial to any class of animals, in any
condition, when fed to them in proper
.quantities, nnd properly prepared. It
the raw flax seed is used, it should be
boiled to a jelly in six or eight times its
quantity of water. Then a pint daily ot
this flax seed jelly can bo fed profitably
Ho mares before and niter fonling, and to
colts ns soon ns they will cat. In nil
cases the jelly must lie fed mixed with a
full feed of oats, bran,'ut clover or shorts.
Corn is not tho best for marcs or colts.
Tho oil meal, cither of the old or new
patent, can also be profitably used, but
in nil cases moderately, with liberal quan
tities of other food. But, with oil mcuj
it is not necessary to boil it. One pound
of oil meal is a full feed, with other food,
jper day, for a mat nro animal. loita
Nate tyi!tr.
EEMEPV FOlt CAJinAOE WORMS.
The preen cabbage worm is a trouble
some pest almost everywhere thnt cab
bages are grown. It is tho caterpillar of
a small, white butterfly with black spots
on its wings. These may bo seen flying
over the cabbage Held, in great numbers
all through the summer, depositing their
eggs on every plaut. To keep the
worms nt nil iu check requires the almost
continuous application of some strong iu
Foeticide. The trouble may be greatly
lessened by poisoning ns many of the but
terflies as possible. To do this, attach
artificial flowers securely to tile top of
sticks eighteen to twenty inches long,
nnd cover the flowers with nrsenic mixed
with sugar, or with a sweet paste of -nny
sort. Put these sticks into the ground at
frequent intervals throughout the field;
the butterflies will be uttnictcd to tho
flowers, and will pet enough of the
poison to give them an effectual quietus.
Besides the saving of labor, this is a
much better method thnn to risk the too
frequent application of strong insecticides
to the plants. Arsenical poisons should
never be applied after tho plants have
begun to head. American Agriculturist.
FARM AND GARDEN KOTES.
Plant plenty of peas.
Clean your oats before sowing.
Get your onions in as early as possible.
To have tender lettuce don't sow thick.
Use hemp twine this season if you can
pet it.
Red raspberry honey is pronounced de
licious. A loose, slack-locking npiary is unpar
donable. Keep fowls constantly supplied with
pure, trcsh water.
Our best and most successful men have
been reared on the farm.
It is a time for farmers and dairymen
to pick up breeding stock.
Insist on a careful straining of the milk
immediately after it is drawn.
Good tools are essential to farming, a
saving in time and cost of labor.
The boy on tho farm is used to more
consideration than he generally gets.
When setting the hen sprinkle flour of
sulphur iu the nests to keep down the
lice.
The working of the land just now is
the nil important matter for a profitable
farm.
A top dressing of nshes mny with ad
vantage be applied to corn jiibt after com
ing up.
Keep the harrow running lengthwise of
the corn rows until the corn is too high
to admit of it.
To be too fiery is a fault in a horse
drawing heavy loads on nn uneven road.
For this work a strong nnd slow horso is
better.
.Many people think that n cool, damp
place is the best in which to keep honey.
But the Miehiq.in Farmer says it should
always be kept in n warm, dry place.
A pood article of butter or cheese
really costs no more than nn inferior one.
The production is no more; the differ
ence is that in the one case it is done
right und the other wrong.
The draft horse derives his power from
several sources the development of those
parts which constitute bulks, the energy
of its muscular action, and the firmness
and hurdness of its organs.
Tests mado by Professor Goff, of New
York, appear to warrant the conclusion
that potassium sulphide and hypo-sulphite
of soda, upplied in a spray, nro
both of value in preventing mildew on
the gooseberry.
A horse for drawing loads, to be well
formed, ought to be high iu front, hav
ing high und projective withers, largo
chest, front legs strong aud well spread
apart, back and loins straight, hindquart
ers a little depressed, muscular, short iu
the flank, large sinews.
A Shower of Wild Fowl.
On the evening of Sunday, April 28th,
the citizens of San Toinns, in the Mexi
can State cf Jalisco, wero treated to a
free mess of water-fowl. During a vio
lent storm a large stock of Oregon geese
probably returning from their winter
roost in the tropics came down head
long on the market-place of the little
hamlet, where they flopped nbout in a
helpless way nnd were collared by dozens
before they could recover from the effects
of their fall. The winged wanderers
seem to have been caught in the whirl of
a pule, which the Rev. Sum Jones will
probably quote us a "memorable judg
ment for traveling on the Sabbath."
llrake't Mmjanne.
A Cnmulatiou of fteorgo Washington)).
Said nn old retired merchant of this
city recently : "Nearly half a century
ago George Washington Oliver, of Mem
phis, shipped to George Washington
West, of t his city, a lot of cotton by the
steamer George Washington. The cotton
was told through a broker (George Wash
ington Sully) to George Washington
llyuson, by whom it was shipped on a
vessel (the George Washington) either to
New York or soiuo foreign port." JVV
(Jrh'in l'im-l iwxrtit.
Grandeur of Our Capitol.
The Capitol building nt Washington,
District of Columbia, is the largest build
ing in the United States; its length is
715 feet i inches, width 324 feet. It
covers three und a hull' acres of ground.
The distance from the ground to the top
of the dome is !i07j feet; diameter of the
dome, 135J feet; ranking fifth us to size
with the great domes of tho world. The
cost of the entire building has been some
thing over $13,000,000,
SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL.
Amrrlcnn yellow pine Is ft great favor
ite for wooilon pavements in Berlin.
The Westinphouso alternating electric
current is said to have killed twenty per
sons. A scheme is on foot for the holding of
an international electrical exhibition next
yenr in Edinburgh.
Tea is a strong narcotic nnd contains
nn alkaloid known as theine, which is tho
active principle of caffeine.
Paper ns tough ns wood is said to bo
made by mixing chloride of zinc w ith tho
pulp in course of manufacture.
Locomotives to bo run by soda nre to
bo introduced in Minneapolis where steam
engines nre forbidden for street use.
The latest railway signal indicates au
tomatically the time thnt has elapsed,
up to twenty minutes, since the hist train
passed it.
Quartz is said to be very useful ns nn
insulator in electrostatic apparatus, ns
tho troublesome sulphuric acid can then
be dispensed w ith.
Maxing's pun fires 700 shots per min
ute. It wns offered to tho American
Government, but wns declined. Now the
British Government has control of it.
The English service journals state that
satisfactory experiments havo been mado
in tho application of volatile hydra car
bons iu place of water for producing
power.
Petroleum, which has been used for
some time in connection with raising
steam, is now rapidly coining into vogue
for heating, melting nnd the working of
metals.
Every book drawn from a public library
should be disinfected when returned.
If bnnk bills can enrry and sprend epi
demics public books are surely unsafe un
less disinfected.
An Improved headlight for locomotives
has been designed. It has an adjustment
which makes it possible for tho engineer
to conveniently direct tho light, ns he
may desire, to various point of the line.
The worst you can do to your face,
next to rubbing on poison, is to have the
barber shave you close. Tho English
doctors have protested so vigorously that
no English barber dares scrape the cuticlo
of a customer.
Zoologists will be interested in the ex
hibit of tho principality of Monaco nt the
Paris Exhibition, ns all the implements
used by the Prince in his dredging ex
periments nre to be shown, with numer
ous specimens of deep-sea fauna.
The chrotograph is a pencil manufac
tured in Germany for writing on the
skin. It is made in various colors, and
affords legible writing, which can be
easily removed without the use of water.
It is designed for the use of physicians,
to make memoranda upon their patients.
Tho new powder which is now used in
the German army for sifting into tho
shoes and stockings of the foot-soldiers
consists of three parts of salicylic acid,
ten of starch and eighty-seven of pulver
ized sonpstone. The mixture keeps tho
feet dry, prevents chaliug nnd rapidly
heals sore spots.
The "regal red poppy" lins recently
been found to have the value power of
binding w ith its roots the soil iu which it
prows in such a manner that it will prove
most vuluable in supporting embank
ments. Already several French engineers
have undertaken tho sowing of railway
embankments with poppies.
Coal-tar, formerly a troublesome waste
of the pas industry, affords us about six
teen distinct yellow colors, nbout twelve
oranges, more than thirty reds, about
sixteen blues, seven preens, nine violets
ind a number of browns and blacks, be
sides mixtures of compounds, producing
in almost infinite number of shades and
tones of color.
Farming Land Getting Scarce.
The Farm and Home says: The time
when "Uncle Snm is rich enough to give
us nil a farm" is neariug its cud. Nearly
every nere of desirable Government land
open to settlement under the homestead
act is now taken. This fact explains the
extraordinary rush for Oklahoma, which,
under the President's proclamation, was
'opened up" April 22. The most which
nny settler could secure wns a quurtcr
sectiou (100 acres), aud t there are only
3,000,000of acres in the proposed new ter
ritory, a little figuring will show that less
than 13,000 quarter-sections wero availa
ble. For this amount of land there was
a grand scramble by ut least 30,000
would-be settlers, boomers nnd specula
tors. Tho territory was open for settle
ment nt noon, und within a few hours
from that time the proposed city of Guth
rie was laid out, a daily paper sturted, a
postotlice opened, a bunk set a-going,and
a municipul election held. Iu other parts
of the "promised land'' similar scenes
were enacted, the whole being a state of
affairs peculiarly American nnd such ns
could not be paralleled in any other na
tion on the globe a territory as large us
Rhode Island und Delaware together set
tled in half a day. The new territory is
a part of that formerly ceded to the In
dians, who again have to move on beforo
the advancing tide of civilization.
This results from the craze, started
nearly half a century ago, to empty the
surplus population of Euro; s on the pub
lic lands of tho United States to give
away these lands us soou us possible nnd
leave American posterity to paddle their
own canoe, and let most of them do with
out lands. Then there was n craze among
railroad companies and politicians to
bring landlords nnd hind kings from
Europe and sell them tens of millions of
ncres of land. Then great cattle trusts
ubsorbed millions of acres, nnd bouuuza
wheat farmers millions more. Wheu then
is no more land for sale, whut next?
Uncle Sam will soon be landless; not rich
enough to give us ull a farm.
A Huge Cloud of Insects.
On a recent bright, warm day n huge
cloud of insects swept down upon
Sonoma, Cal. The main street and the
byways, the gardens and the roofs of
houses were black w ith the moving mass.
Horses reared and neighed, and little
children wept with fear ut the strange
visitation. It was found thut the swarm
was composed of small aud peculiarly
tinted butterflies of n species unknown
in the valley of Sonoma. In a few moments
they had cleared the towu and, rising
again to some distance in the uir, dis
appeared as they had come, leaving no
truce behind them. Tho local ento
mologists have tried their hand on the
queer little bird, but thus fur have
arrived at no conclusion.
Jay Gould says that he made every
cent of his money by hard work.
General Grant's Rlnp.
The following remnrkable story of a
gold ring shows thnt General Grant, be
fore his death, had tho fishing fever.
The General wns very fond of fishing nt
Greenwood Lnkc, and stories of his fish
ing exploits aro still told nt tho Fuller
House. Hero is ono of them: "Ono
afternoon tho General wns fishing for
pickerel on tho lnko when ho hooked n
largo eel. Tho slimy crcnturo knotted
itself with tho leader, nnd in removing it
a beautiful horseshoe ring fell overboard.
Hanker J. Khinclnnder Dillon visited the
lnko two weeks nftcrwnrd nnd killed ft
largo pickerel. Tho idea occurred to
him that ho would like to taste a fish just
out of tho water, so his guide cleaned it,
and they wero about to row to shore to
cook it when tho guide picked up the en
trails, preparing to throw them over
board. To his surprise he discovered the
very ring which General Grant had lost
two weeks before."
To verify this story an Krtnintf Sun re
porter called on Mr. Pillion. This gen
tlcmnn not only said the story was true,
but he nlso exhibited tho ring in ques
tion. Said he: "I believe it was cither in
'74 or '75 that tho affair occurred. I
rarely eat fish, but that particular pick
erel looked so tempting that I was seized
with a strong desire to eat if. Under
ordinary circumstances I should havo
given the fish away. I told the story of
the find on- my nrrivnl nt tho Fuller
House, nnd then learned that General
Grant had lost the rinp. I wrote to his
son, Colonel Fred Grunt, nnd explained
how tho ring cnuic into my possession.
Ho wrote back that if my story was true
I was entitled to the ring, nnd might
keep it. I actually believe that Fred
thought I was telling n lish story, or ho
would not linvo told mo to keep the
ring."
Mr. Dillon now wears tho ring on the
little finger of his right hand. Arte York
Sun.
Head Statistics.
"That man who just went out. had a
head so large I hadn't n hat in the store
that would tit him," said tho hatter, ns
he put awny a hat nearly ns big ns a coal
scuttle. "Who wns he?"
"I don't know. He is connected with
Police Department. I think. Did you
ever notice," ho went ou, "what large
heads these policemen have? Nearly
every one of them wears a hut larger than
thejiverage. The Irish us a race have
enormous heads. There nro some Ger
mans in town who have largo heads, but
their bodies nro correspondingly mam
moth." "What is the largest size of hat you
keep?"
"A 7 J. There are 7 J sizes made; that
is what the man who just went out of
here wanted, but I didn't have it. Post
master Suckelt wears n 7 hat. He lias
one of tho largest heads in town; you
might not think it, but he is a big man
and well proportioned. livflalo (X. Y.)
Courier.
A Farm School for Street Arabs.
There is a queer littlo school ou an
island down Boston harbor, known ns
the farm school, nnd it is truly a Bos
tontun institution. Over fifty years ago
it was organized for ilidlo and morally
exposed" boys, nnd Thompson's Island
was bought. Tho school is not a reforma
tory, however, nnd now admits no boy
objectionable from a moral standpoint.
Over lliOO boys havo been educated
there, and have gone from their witter
rurrouuded alma mater to positions of
honor and trust. Heading, spelling,
writing, arithmetic, geography, prnm
mar, history, drawing, instrumental nnd
vocal music are taught. There are shops
in which they become skilled in tho use
of tools and learn trades. A few days
ngo the friends and relatives of the boys
went to the island on a special steamer to
inspect the school and have a grand time.
It w as the first visit since last November.
AVir York Star.
Nose-Uorinij.
Another case of nose-boring has re
cently come to light. This time the nasui
nppendagc was tho property of Charles
Knapp, of Delanco, N. J., which was
knocked off in a railroad accident nbout
three years ago. A couple of skillful sur
geons soou succeeded in replacing tho
severed member, but their substitute
lacked a nostril, and breatliing through
it was an impossibility until after several
applications of nn electrical cauterizing
needle, by which the obstacle was over
come. In all other respects tho nose was
as good ns new. Timet-Vemocrat,
Gull's Eggs.
Gull's eggs aro among the curiosities
of the San Francisco market. They uro
twenty-five cents a dozen, nnd are brought
chiefly from tho Faralloues in the fishing
schooners. Tho handsome eggs of the
nmrr bird will also bo introduced
into tho market within the next
two or three weeks. Tho pull's eggs nro
said to taste a little fishy, us might bo
expected, but the "niurr" eggs are ns
great n delicacy i s tho plover's of the
Old World, which they greatly resemble.
tllake E3o Mistake
If you bavo made up your inlnl to buy Ilootl't
Eursaparilla lo not bo Induced to tako nuy other.
Hood's barsuparilla U a peculiar nu'dlelne, pua
tufting, by virtue of Its peculiar comhluatlou, pro
portion and prcparatlou, curative power superlot
to any othpr article of the kind beforo tho people,
lie suru to Ktt Hood't.
"Iu one Rt'iro the clerk tried to luduro me to buy
their own lusteal of Hood's hnrjuiurllla. But be
could not prfvall on me to rhangc. I told him 1
kuuw what Mood's Suraparllla wai, I bad lakeu It,
wag perfectly satUfled with it, and did not waul
any other.' Mus. Ella A. (iorr, 61 Terrace street,
Huston, Mass.
Hood's Sarsaparilla
Bold by all druKgltts. $ ; sU for $5. lrpared onlj
by C. I. HOOD & t o., Apothecaries, Lowell, Mass.
IOQ Doses Ono Dollar
lute fir. httehier'M
iiuress iih.
itu-ture" nyht atony with tucieu. it is
I7if bett colic medicine I huve ei er en.
JSAAC JUOtJU, Hunt t'ealer,
Brooklyn, Sew York.
JOSEPH H. HUN
.
for
POR
SWVIM'WVvC
A Pler mr Ml ii 4.
A hAf wvTrwpondflnt ha thin to nny.
"I want to tf a plec of my mlnrl to ft rnr
tftln i) I Km who object to ftdvprtlnlnjr, whan U
riMHthrm nnylhinp thin won't coat them
rnt. I Miflfvrrfl a llvintc death for nearly two
rear with headarhen, barkaohft, tn pain ntanfl
nffor wftlklnir, wna loinjr literally tTraifire. out
of eniatencc.my niiry Inrrenned hv rit nirtrtnif.
AtlnM.ln deipalr.l committed thrnln of trying
rn ad ve ttwd nirriirtno, Dr. Tlero' Favorite
'rr-Rcriptinn. and It restored me to the hlenned
neat of aound health. I honor the phyMHan
who, when he known he ran cure, haa tho
niorAl rouraire to advertise the lart.' The
?)edlcliie mentioned 1 punrantrrH to cure thoae
Hica'n diaraup lecminr to females. Head
print od fruarantee on bottlo-wrappcr.
For all dermeomen'B r,t the Hrer, itomach
ind bo wo In, take ir. l'lcrro a I 'dicta. One ft
lose.
TitH total consumption of rubber of nil
trade in the Vnlred Htnte Inst venr wo BU,
3ut,ixu pound, the total value of which was
1 MWO.txW.
There are people using Dobbins Elertrlo
?oap to-tiny who rommenrel it ueulHri5.
Would thi be the ca e were it, not the pureat
nd moat friM'imirtf onp innde. Ak yonr
trorer t'-r it. Louk out fur imitation.
5fna.
O. V. Cmt.ns offer ft 0Q prir.e to the man
ratnff tho best cxaminat hm for entrance to
'rim-vton's next frehman cIjvs.
"For aeven Inn it yenr I alms .'led away
fimntmr, running a mill, Ac, until I wa for-,
Innately lntmlitred to H. K. Johnaon Co.,
Klrhmnnd, V., by my brother, nnd 1 went to
nork at mire, and in xrtvn month I had made
more rlear mmiev than 1 had made in the
tnven year beforo. They took me riht by the
nd from the start and aeemed lobe very
rlad of the chance to phow me how todolU"
Thin Ualnmt what a younjf man wild a year or
to uo or the ntNive-mentinned firm. Hince
(bat lime he haa Iwen eleadtly at work for
them, and 1 now one of the bappieet men In
America, if you need cmp nyment, it would
be a KKd tiling fur you to follow this young
tnun'n example,
Orecen the Paradlae ef Farmer.
Mild, eit!atle clinmt, certain and abundant
?rop. lirnt fruit, crain, irraea and elm-k oonn
try hi the world. Full information free. Ad
ires Ureg-un lmMgrat'a Hoard, l'ortlftnd. Ore.
A rocket (Mpnr Cnc nnd
Punch, " all fur V
Ave of "Tanntirft
Jfaffllcted with oreevene Dr. NaaoThomp
nu K -water. DruKslnta aell at -5c. per bottle
TRAD5 MARICI
For Stablemen and Stockmen.
CURES
Ctt. IwAltlitc., pImi. IprktM. Ilrtlai.
1..B...M. UffB.II.
C.ntr.6l.att riM W.naJa. StrtBth.!!, ..r.
Tarl, DLttBlpar, O.lle. Whitlow, roll StII.
rutoJfc, T.rt, .pilau, ftlaffconM an. IpaTta
la lu aarif lun" mrctli wllk aata kotUa,
At Pxuuuuts akI luuu
THI CHARLES A. VOOELEd CO.. Iilllmtft. M4.
N V N V-'JH
DUTCH ER'S
FLY KILLER
Waken a elean sweep. Kverjr
sheet will kill a quart of file,
siops tiiixitiuc around ear,
ilivtnn uteres, tickling your
novr, nkl" hard wnnU and
currti i-ao' at trim tt a eiiense.
Henil ',1.1 renin fur if nberU to
F. 1H (VH1.K, St, Allium. VI.
GOLDmoSILVER
FOR 25 cts. K.rtt.rrt
Ixml.iMm, t'aluiH'l of l'K-niililtil Ore Ptrcliiitn.
'mm 20 ilillm nt milira Iu I'ulurado. Aditrc.
Rocky Mountain Specimen Co., Fenrer, Colo.
JONES
1 1 1-3
PAYS THE FREIGHT.
. Tun aaoa ica.ea
Irvn I.evrs Meri lar.nr, lraa
lare fcwur and Tni Io far
uo,
Erer1 .: 8 a.r. k free pr (1st
n.Dt0u lliu T-r tn.liMrtu
JOiXES OF BINUHAMT0N.
1IIMJH AMTO. N. V.
yOUTMERN PACIFIC.
St! LOW PRICE RAILROAD LANDS &
"REE Government LANDS.
MlLMoNSof acKKrtc-f .Men in M;nneoti. North
kit.v Mi'-itiHi. I alio. ufhiutttnu u t ore- n-
c v n enn 1,1 i'io immii Mnnwr iuuf tt.
tCnU rUtlfc,f.. apt cultural, i.rar.ti ai 1 I m
i r l.ttiul now 1'i-en t s ttleia Krai tree. aiUtrvs
VOXKV IN CHICK UN.
I or 7. n liv pair inkjk, rT jneni-w a
4 1 rai'Ui al timitry rUT diirins; ''
tT7 i... i. It t... h. h..H t.t -t and
' tV i-urr 1 Ib-aw.-;. ; 10 ffril for
V. ft ft it DC i whirl. lt.U to taw fur
miuk ri
t. HUi K lit LMur4 SlM W. T, City.
lii l iw afti Atlilrrca
for Con-
voice
AXLE
SI . Em ba pdcacc
RV.ST IM Til It U DRL1I
UIILHOb
ajyuei LU. uenuiac DJta TJTWDra.
lJiri! 31 4 It It I AUK PA PER.
uml iiarllrular. nf itur aftiK-latlw
lull niv.uv.-r .1.HII AT .11 A It K I A I. K. Ail-
I.e.
m THE CimUKM'oNIHlNT, Toletlti, Vhht.
f" to N m day. trample worth 9-2.15 Free.
i l-iues uot under hoi'' fel. Write Brrw
'iW alerSalCty item MolilerCo., Hully.MUh
tftFS Au lleee of niutle. The M(ira
ntC 'tlti None Sfud iiaiua anil aditr oa
I pofctnl rarU. I'ei-k t Sou, Via V . 47th St., New York.
Agents wauted. 91 au hoiir.iut new artielei.CatTfua
and sample free. I, fc. M AKiliaLl., HufTalo, N. Y.
13 YOUR F A RrTfO H S ALET?,
f so addrrss t'l'aria ti Wright, 'Ztt linuMlwav. N. Y
t a who bare Ufert piso'
ir l-ure for VmuinpUon
say u is jii-Jt i tir ai-lh
tiold everywhora. 3&o
PEESLESS BYES
Aro Ik II F.ST.
8ot,rY Uauouurrft,
&kl tio for Gancor
the only aueeeaalul treatment. After re-
I mviiift the eHiM-er we prevent reformation by erad
vailim ruueertius kisi.s from tho system.
Wrlle for I'lretitars lu
Holland Medical and Surgical Institute,
04 IU:i-AVAKK AVI-:., HI l-K A 1.(1, N. V.
rmte HViilmrM Is sucrrsitrnUy treated by our
eiulitsjit sMH-iallt, after all other, have failed.
After A IX others
fall, oodsiiU
329 N.I 5th St.
1 PHILA.. PA.
Twenty yearn' eoutluunus jtraeth In the treat
nieut aud cure of ihn unit I rtteetn of early
vler, drfttroyttiK Utth mind and body. Aledlclua
and treaiuir nt for on nmnih, rive lullar. aent
securely M-ulcd from ohpcrvutlon to auy address.
Knott on h peri nl IHweuaea free.
Newspaper Readers Atlas.
Colored Man nf .n r.r...nt t. .
nlo .Matpj. of etrr.r Country in the Wurl'-lt
III.m lh wiuare mil s uf wrh hut, sMtla
iiiriil, h.p 1 1 luiir.. t-t.u-f i-ttira, av.rrt tem
peia.urf. salary uf nfiu-uls, iiutuiter uf
iitrum, thfli pioilu. ion); tnr vaiu: niui-
turvs, uuiiib r uf einuUi rW-; lfo
! f curt)
tore i am Immlrv, fu.ni uf
'OjiuliUlm, Mo.hu'U. iiiojd(
rum. i7i of Aimv mil i,i
ovrriitutMit. v.
f trade, rt-U.fi
h, nuinlx ruf hnin', ('.title, iJmrp,
V" "" rami.! BMIM LU K V N S. H
tVA UMiriS. lit full i,jr. Mn ..XL-
TaTfTtei:
Or. Lobb
Ik
UK. KOKIII.KIl'tt FAVOKITK VOXAV MIXT1TRK "
for all JumeU' animals, will . ure m out ut every luu .-uses uf eojlc, m better flat
uUut or spasmodic. Hurely more than I or ' duties Det'estiary. It doas not eon- '
tdipaU. rather a.-ls a m laxative and 1. entirely )mrmlet.s. After ) years of trl.t
In inuri' thuu Sikii fanes, our nuaniuto 1 worth soiuthbi((. 'slle tnuflt fc
treutrtl promptly, V. spend a few reutaud you have a v ure on Laud, ready
yueii ueeited, mud perhaps av a valuable burse. If nut at your druKulaL's en
close ft cent for sample bottle, sent prepaid. :
IvOfclll.Ml A C'tl.. Bethlehem. P
I e chterfuliu rerun mend Llr. aTiu'Alcr'a
ftiturite t'ou) JfiXure." Wuuid not
(fnout it as Imiy us we. hnx-e home.
ISAAC MUSKS, Hi,i.
Stilt and Kxchanv StubU, Kattvn, Fa.
T,ra
I'KVMON without KKI.AV.
(oJsuTioJ.
3
fA I tr o a i i-m i ii r-r i an aA .