frllE BRICKLAYER'S TRADE,
i"HB OLDEST CALLING IN THH HIS
TOBY OF CIVILIZATION.
Fcl Which Trove the Antiquity of
This Handicraft. 8lva Itrlck
layers of Ancient Rabyton,
While brick-laying it not tha oldest
trade in the woifd, it is certainly the
next to the oldest There must have
been brick-mnkers before there were
brick-layer, but with this one exception
the railing is pcihnns the oldest in the
uisiurj 01 civilization.
The tower of liabel was built with
brick like that used in America to day.
The third verse of tho eleventh chapter
ol genesis says :
"And each one said to his neighbor.
Tome let us nuiko brick and tmko them
wiih tire.' and they hid brick instead of
stones enil shine instead of mortar.
Even the record of (ir-ru'sie, however,
h.irkly (r ves nn idea of t he crout iinti-
iiiity of this vocation. It appears thnt
the mnldcrs or Haliylon use 1 nnck til
together rather thau stones. Thoro nrc
still to be found in various places very
curious accounts of the liabyloni iu brick
laying and the manner in which the
workmen wero paid. The wails of Httby
Jou town were raised cliietly by slaves
who received no wages, but who wero
fed, housed, and clothed at a rate of pay
equal to about half the value of a bushel
of wheat, which would mean some
thing over forty cents a day,
or about what tho modern brick
layer gets for one hour's work. The
slaves of Hnbylon were worked from sun
rise to sunset, and their overseers were
provided with lashes to keep tho un
fortunates up to their task. It seems,
however, that brick-layers soon came to
bo recognized rather as artists than
artisans, and into their hands was com
mitted the history of the country. Tho
brick) of'tho Persian Kmpire, cemented
like those of Genesis with slinic, contain
' ""upon their surfaces inscriptions which
modern ingenuity has unraveled, and
which tell the story of the I'crian kings.
In the rocords the brick-layers have
not forgotten themselves, snd accord
ingly there has been left for modern
times a clear idea of how these men
worked. They understood the scaffold
and the trowel, as the pictures on the
buried walls still show. They knew how
to keep a lino of bricks plumb and
horizontal. They had a square not
like the one ued in the nineteenth
century, but still one which a ninctccth
century brick-layer could use. Indeed,
thecuts given in" the books of the archc
ologists show that a Chicago brick
layer could have put up tho walls of
Thebes, or that a Persian workman
would have been able to make a good
showing in a Chicago house, using the
utensils and materials of ths trade then
snd now.
In Egypt the Bible again has much to
say about brick-laying and brick
making. The bricks without straw
that the children of Israel had to make
go to show one of the first labor dis
putes in history. The Kgyptian brick
was not baked with tire. It as left
in the sunlight until it was thoroughly
uarueueu, ana was men set up in the
wall with mud, and uot with mortar.
As a consequence tho brick build ngs of
Kgypthave perished and only the stone
monuments of tho people have survived,
but history shows that the palaces of tho
Pharaohs were largely of brick. These,
too, were decorated as highly as tho
artists knew how to accomplish the work,
and basso-relievos or sun dried clay car
ried upon their surfaces the stories of
Egyptiuu progress.
The Egyptians taught brick laying,
along with the other arts of civilization,
to the Greeks, and Athens, Sparta, and
the towns of the poninsula carried tha
work to a high degree of excellence.
The Greeks used three kinds of brick,
or rather three sizes, the dedoron, tetra
don, and pentudon. which wero combined
In tho sumo building. From Greece
brick-laying traveled to Home, and there
are brick houses now standing in the
Eternal City which are more than 1700
years old. In the timo of the empire
brick-layers were paid wages which, tak
ing into consideration tho difference in
value between American money and Ro
man, amounted to about $1 a dny. Thu
hours of work were from dawn to dark,
and the men were allowed about an hour
and a half off during the day and a rea
onable amount of wine. Of courso these
wages were not oftea paid to the men
themselves, but to their owners, for tho
workingmen in Home were still practi--ally
enslaved at that period.
From the Mediterranean countries
brick-laying spread westward. John of
Ppoleto built a brick house in Cologne as
early as the year U00, and he had to make
his own kiln to burn his bricks. In Paris
there are still brick walls standing which
were erected as early as A. D. 1 lilO, and
this early work compares favorably 'with
that done since. Tha old brick makers
used a good deal of lime in their bricks
and the result has been a material which
seems to be practically imperishable.
Of course brick-laying w as wrought to
a higher degree of cxcel'enco in tho
Netherlands than in any other country.
The Dutch used brick for evervthiu''
street paving and house furni'.uro und
bake ovens among other things, and the
brick paWments in so many Amcri an
mies arc. relics of Holland, ai aro tho
tiles about the fireplaces.
Wages in the brick laying trade, ac
cording to the best authorities, have
been constantly increasing since the his
tory of the art began.
From the equivalent of forty ccns a
day which brick-laying cost in Iiabylon
!? V., ."y ln Home at ,Qe beginning ol
the Christian era, the wages ro.e to the
equivalent of U a day in London in
"-. In this country the trade his
managed to hold its own ond keep on
the material advance, as tha pay foi
eight hours' work is now fi.M.-Chiago
Systematic Punctuation
In a Boston newspaper office not lono
ago the chief proof reader hid been
greatly annoyed by an extraordiuary use
of commas that cropped out in occa
sional "takes" on his proofs, and, hod
ing that they occurred reguim ly undei
a certain "slug," he went to -siua
fifteen's" frame to expostulate, with
him. He fouud that the man was a
new "sub," who said he had come lately
from Nova fcotia, and had learned his
trado in a first-class ortice in Halifax
"For pity's sake," excla nud the proof
renjer, "what sort of a system ol
punctuation do they employ in Halifax r"
"The rulo in our oltice," replied the
compositor, with a patronizing air, "was
to put in about three commas 10 a line."
BnUn Traia-iipt.
The dry weather should be utilized fr
doing auy needful ditching und draining
of low land, digging peat, drawiugsand
and securing bog hay or sedge grais for
a winter protection for lieds of straw
berries, spinach and other half-hardy
plants.
A woman suffrugoclub, a woman's press
club, and woman's paper, have ju&t
made their appearance at Cincinnati,
W. C. T. U. COLUMN.
Conducted bg tht Tionrsta Union.
Ths W. O. T. IT. meets tha 84 and 4th
Tuesday ot each month, at 8 p. m.
President Mrs. Ell Holeman.
Vice President Mrs. J. O. Dale, Mrs.
W. J. Roberta.
Recording Bec'y Mrs. I A. Howe.
Cor. Bee. and Tree Mrs. 8. D. Irwin.
Wot nfo him that gireth hi neighbor
drink, that put tent thy bottle to him. and
makesl him drunken alo. Hau. 11, 15.
The wlrked workerh a deceitful work ; but
to him that to wet h righteousness shall be a
true reward. Ker. 11, is.
Steeples nnt Quicksand.
In the county of Kent. Holland, snvs tho
Rev. Wilbur F. Crafts, in the Voi'ee.'is the
little borough of Tontri1en, containing
alwut five thousand iuhnhitints. About
thirty miles away, in early times, wni the
estate of Karl (iixiwine. on ttie ena coast.
Half a century after the Karl's doath, about
tW years apo. th lihop of the diocese built
a steep's to Tenlenlan church. A few months
afterwards tbe sra sw.'pt through the dike
and carried away the Karl's estate, which be
came a dangerous quicksand, known since as
Goodwin ands. No sooner had the angry
sea carrie I o!T his prev than the villager!
gathered together to ask themselves whv tbe
calamity had occurred. The older mon of the
village were asked for their opinions in turn.
At length one old man. point inr to tn
steep' thirty miles away, aal.l solemnly,
iemernensieepie was me cause or wootiwtn
Sands."' The remark was greeted with a
burst of laughter, and for centuries was used
as a proverb whenever any one fell intc
the illozical argument known as twst hoc.
ergo, firupter hue after this, therefore, be
cause oi id.s. nut later explorations provf
that the old man was right. historic docu
ments show that revenues previously de
voted to keeping the sea-wall in reoair were
token by the bishop, because the sea had been
quiet for a year or two. to build the church
steeple, and so the dike had leen neglected,
and gave way before tho wild charge of the
waves, and a fair estate became a deadly
quick-sand.
ny nave the nocxis or intemperance Ir
ine iasc ininy years captured so much of
our national estate, and made it a quicksand
full of licensed nits of death) "Tent.-rden
steeple was the cause of Goodwin Sands.'
Our churches have given too much of theii
time and tnonev and onertrv to htiiidino
steeples of eceliiasticism, an 1 too little t
the practical dike-building of preventive r
form work. Iet us not put into the steeple
building of church pride the money and
etTort and work that is more imperatively
needed to make every Sabbath school a regi
nient or company in ths Cold H'n'er Army.
to make every Christian an abstainer and
an advocate of abstinence. lown then
in the pews there are men and
even boys whose Hushed faces and
beery brenth proclaim that the alcoholic
flood is breaking through upon thr-ra. What
is the minister doing up there in tho pulpit'
Steeple-building preaching about liitiirt
probation for dead heathen that cannot be
helped by any theories we may dovise. Mai
of God, hark! Do you not hear the crash ol
tha wild sea on the neglected dykes close al
band! Do you not see men and bovs aye,
women and girls right before whose tail
estate of health and home and hop? will soon
oe ine uriuiKara s quicksand, it you do uot
strengthen the old dikes of the pledge aud
j ruuiuiiiuu
Come down from Tour steeples. O men ol
Ood, preachers, teachers, parents, and
strengthen these dikes.
Think of a preiclur's meeting discussing
"The Politics of Calvin" when the politics oi
the devil, with its mad waves of rum, it
iiasniiig against ineir very ctoors! Well bai
it been said that a pulpit silent on the temper
aneo question discredits itself as much as s
pulpit silent about dishonesty. Koth of thest
questions are "in politics ' as subjects of leg
islation. I-et not that fact make conserva
tives neglect the dike of Prohibition, noi
radicals the equally important dike of tb
pledge.
Consumption of Malt Liquors.
The consumption of malt liquors is increas
ing with great rapidity. In 1M0 m this
rountry there were consumej Jll.lJOil.OUO gal
lons ot mait liquors or 1.3i per capita. In
loU there was no radical change in ths
figures, in 1S 0 the increase set in in earnest,
ln that year the amount of beer d rank was
1(11,100 000 gallons against '.i0,0t0,(JOJ gallons
of hard liquors and 1I,0uU,WJ gallons of
wine. The per capita consumption ot malt
liquors was nactly equrl to that of the hard
liquors and wines. In 1S7U the consumption
of mait liquors had doubleJ in amount The
amount consumed per capita was5.il gal
lons. The per capi'.a consumption of wines
and hard liquors iu thesama time was 2.40
gallons. The figures for 187 show a tre
mendous growth in the beer drinking habit.
The total consumption in that year was
717,74h,Si5I gallons of malt liquors against
642,807,70 in lCSti. The greater part of the
beer consumed was made in this country,
tbout 2,30(1,000 gallous having been import
ed. The per capita is now II. '.is gallons.
American beer is fast driving out the native
rum and whisky. In 1!n"jj the German citi
zens were the beer drinkers. Now the Ameri
cans can vie with the Germans in that line
Detroit Fret I rest.
Why ne Broke His riedre.
An interesting story was brought to light
recently at the Salem illas.l hospital when
James Murphy was brought there to have nn
ugly wound on his face s -wed up. James
was a leading member of a Catholie total
abstinence eo;iety, and was in good stand
ing. One night lately he found his mother
drinking whiskey. He told her timt he, too,
would take totne intoxicating cup if he ever
again found her under the influence of liquor.
hen he returned for his dinner the next
noon his mother was drunk. A few words
passed between tliiiu, and then young
Murphy took his memhersh p papers ill the
total abstinence society from his pocket,
threw them into the lire, and made a bee line
for the nearest saloon. i drank as much
whiskey as he could hold, and was soon howl
ing drunk. In that condition he presented
himself to bis intoxicated mother. She was
so enraged that sho seied a large earthern
wash bowl and struck him square'y in the
face, splitting his face open to the bone. It
was a terrible wound, ami will disjgure the
boy for bio. .VeieJ ork Sun.
Temperance News and Notes.
A branch of the World's W. C. T. V. with
twenty-two members has been organize! in
Paris.
Danville, a city of MOO inhabitants in the
center of the distilling region of Kentucky
u free from tbe curse of liquor.
Seventeen women sat as delegates in the
convention of the Catuolic Total Abstinence
Lnion of America, lately held in Boston.
Two boys, one six, the other seven years
old, were recently uken to the Riceiving
Hospital, San Francis.-o.drunk ani insensible.
No liquors are sold on the vestibnle train
of the Penusylvania roal, or upon the
limited express oa tha .New York Central
road.
It is stated in the London pres tb.it on the
new Metropolitan Sewa-e Works, where
lionOmen areen;aged, no intoxicants of any
kind are perinitti. It was r.-solved to run
the work on teiniieranc lines, and tha re
sults have lm highly grat fyuig. Work
has proceeded with lejulanty an I steadiness,
aud the large holy of mm have been quite
exemplary in their behavior.
WorkiiiKmeu and the Saloon.
It is an encouraging sign of the times that
WorkillCliiMli ill fm..itin.ri litav.n.un;.! -
Temperance Club. In their statemeut of
principles they soy:
"1. H
IVe believe the Cntoon ia tha hb..
OL.UUUHHC, social, political, and moral enemy
of the working cla-sea.
". The need of organized labor isequita
blei legislation, and its failure to secure such
is due more to the saloon than to any other
'!.
"o. Tbe saloon robs the workingman of
his earnings, tempts him to lietiay his fam
ily, puqierues and debases him, and turns
him from education to self destruction. It
destroys the ability of young men in the
ranks of labor to become useful meinlwrs of
tin riilt' an1 defeats tle eulis of oigauiza
"4. We regard the saloon as having uo part
in honorable production or distribution, and
hern a parasite upou business und labur
alike, and we declare the convict-labor prob
lein to be its dirext resuli.K2
"". We believe it has debauched politics
by violations of the ballot box, by subsidiz
ing t!.e press, by corrupting .htical organi
zuuoiis, by creating a class of venal injliti
cians, who are hired to do its bidding bv
organizing to defy the laws and to protect
law-breakers, by practicing br.bery by ay,,
tern, and tLus producing a condition wherein
money controls legiJatun."
If workiiinica every where accepted ani
acted upon tuese principle me saii.oo would
soon 0. .Wional if.-nironcs AdioeaU
I'ARX AND GARDEN.
Top Priced Butter.
The manufacture of extra choice but
ter is cleverly and briefly summed up in
the following from the Agricultural Oa
tettr. "Anyone who has a good sweet
pasture, who keeps his dairy and every
utensil in it scrupulously clean, who
ncrer churns cream more than sixty
hours old from tho cow, and always at the
proper temperature, tested by a thcr-
momcter, who uses a proper churn (there
are lots of them), ventilating his churn
at intervals by taking out the plug: who
stops churning tho moment tho butler
shows itself in small grains not so large
as wheat; who then lcjs the churn rest
until the butler all flouts up to the top,
and then carefully lets out the butter
milk, end icplaccs it with clean cold
water, turning it very slowly; who again
lets the churn stop to let the butter lloat
up and then lets out the milky water and
replaces it with a freh supply of cold
water; who then gives tho churn very
few slow turns r. und, and then a little
faster, so as to gather the butler into a
sort of lump, and then lets out the butter
with a cloth over both hands, so as not
to touch it, and then, when cool, works
It with a proper butter worker and never
touches it with his hands, but only with
'wooden bauds,' will most assuredly
make top-priced butter."
notations In Crops).
1. Rotations am v-iTtinbtA l.!,.....
plants vary in tho area of tho soil in
which their roots grow and from which
they derive the susteuance of tho plant,
thus more completely utilizing the soil
within their reach. 9 Tb urn la - -
markablo variation in the power of plants
to Appropriate tho various clemeuts of
plant growth, due, at least iu part, to
tho character of tho acids secreted by
their roots. Thus .n ntnnf
has a high power of gathering nitrogen.
an. I ...... 1 I 1 1 .
omu nuuimi, iiku wncat, a very low
power. ;t. Plants vary in their weight
of roots. As nn illustration, clover car
ries several times iho weight of roots
that wheat does, aud inasmuch ns clover
roots aro very much richer in nitrogen
than wheat, aud carry enough nitrogen
to grow a crop of wheat wheat will
most advantageously follow clover.
Thus, likewise, other plants followeach
other advantageously. 4. Rotation of
crops ballcs, in a large meauro, the
root enemies, both insect and fungoid,
that prey upon the various crops. Ench
plant having its own peculiar enemies,
tho changing removes them to fields un
occupied Ty such eiicm os. This is true
of tho enemies of ti e nbove ground
growth of plants to au important do
gree. 5. Plants vary in the amounts of
the varying elements of nutrition ac
tually taken up by its growth. Thus,
while wheat takes on!r 1 pounds of
potash for every pound of phosphoric
acid, potatoes tako oi pounds of potash
for each pound of phosphoric acid.
Continuous growth of potatoes would
exhaust the potash of the soil or of sup
plied manure long before the phosphoric
acid could give out. 0. The leaves of
plants vary in their power of gaining
food nnd of vaporizing water, and are
roughly divided into broad and narrow
leaved. 7. Leaves vnry in their season
of active growth. Those plants matur
ing in midsummer and early fall, gener
ally gather nitrogen, (corn and turnips
are good examples), following in their
growth the decomposing Influence of the
sun, more tasily and mors fully than
ether crops do. t. Rotation conserves
soil fertility and yet aids in soil decom
position by alternation of grass or cl.cet
orops and hoed crops. Under a contin
uation of plough and tillago crops,
leaching, volatilization and washing of
fertility are moro rapid aud more of it
may be and is carried away by crops, es
pecially nitrogen. l. Rotation of crops
di-tribules labjr over the year and I here
by economizes it, give regular help and
aids iu the solution of Iho labor problem
of the farm. 10. Rotation is the svstein
best calculated for home consumption of
crops nnd tho return of tho fertilization
of the farm. 11. Practice of 210 J years
confirms tho value of rotation, t'ach
of these factors has the bearing that can
not bo here preseuted, but, all together
afford very strong aud almost, if not
quite, imperative reasons for rotatious.
Coltman't Ilural World.
Farm and Garden Nntea.
Rcnove the hot sweaty hiimesr from
the horse at noon.
The best of breeding can be neutral
ized by poor feeding.
Paris green will certainly kill the
large creen worm which ents the leaves.
Breeding flocks of poultry should
consist of the best in tho uhulo number.
When the sheep pastures be.in to
grow scanty supple'uieut them with
other food.
.Mark or otherwise note the largest nnd
earliest maturing vegetables and save
them for seed.
Farms always sell most readily and at
the highest prices where roads aro kept
in Ihe best repair.
The plantain can be killed by cutting
it oil at tho crown, and putting on top
of the root a drop or two of kerosene o 1.
Distemper often leaves tho house in an
unhealthy condition from the absorption
of impuie matter tha product of the d.s
easc. No money c:tn bo invested to better
advantage than in buying enough mos
quito netting to tack over the stable
windows to keep the flics out.
Wherever commercial fertilizers are
sown with the drill, tho balk of clover
and grass seed will be fouud in the rows
with the grain. It would be better for
both if they were a little separated.
Since manures are the nourishing ma
terial of plants, and other things being
equal, the higher profit of the lie'd do
pends only and alone on the greater and 1
easily-exirac ed quantity of tho same
found in the soil.
C hicks that refuse to eat, throw tho'r
heads back, tumble over on their ba-Ua, j
and act us if they are bewitched gener
ally, are probably tioubled with Inryo
chicken-lice that ut first are found only
on the heads of the victims.
In the old worm fences t'.e top rail
was most apt to ba heavy one, with tho
smaller rails at the bottom, so as to make
a close barrier against pigs and otho.
small stock. This made the fenco top
heavy, and it toppled over. Nowadays
tbe top rail is more a t to be a barbed
wire than anything else.
Amtrican t'u'ticatur reports that thoso
who have tried the uiitLoi of standing
their land to grass in August or Peptoin
ber, without sowing any grain wi'li iho
gruss seed, have been pleastd with the.
result if the land was in good condition,
that is, su liciently well fertilized and
made line enough for a seed bed.
A correspondent of one of our ex
changes says: For thrao years I have
kept my grapes from rotting by scatter
ing air-slackel lime over the vines aud
grapes every two or three weeks. Scat
ter any time after tho sraneV are formed.
or when the rot beius. X have vinei
aixtcen vears old; the crapes h,ad always
rotted, but lima has made me tlur-e crops
of tplendid grapes. With pits UyW2"
to be a panacea for all ills.
Treatment for Founder.
In the first stages of founder in horses
moderate dooj of aconite should be
given, and tho animals covered with
warm blankets, to cause or encourage
perspiration. Hut in advanced stages,
and when tho feet have become tender,
poultices should bo applied after remov
ing the shoes. If the in jury is but slight,
then turning out to posture in summer
will usually effect a euro, especially if
the ground is low and somewhat moist.
Tho main thing is to rcmovo the fever
from the feet, for as long as these ate
tender and sore the horse will be lame.
New York Sun,
Feeding Places for Chickens.
It arouses my wrnth to see the way
"somo folks' feed their chickens after
the ben has weaned them. Hicy sceaa
to think that because Ihj old hen has
weaned them tho chickens cau take care
of themselves nnd so take no more painj
to see that they have their food where
the oliler hens cannot rob them. The
feed is thrown down to ol.l m,!
alike, snd nil aliko s. ranib'o for it, but
the vouny chickens arprrnu-HnH bntl,l
about aM pecked at bo mu h by the
omer lowis mat nicy rare:y, if ever, get
enough to satisfy their hunger. There
is no need of having such work. Make
some feeding racks and feed the chickens
inside where tho old fo n-ls rnntidf imfr ufr
them. The tacks are just frames ol
scantling, with tho top and four sides
covered with p'astcring lath, the lath on
the sides being far enough apart to al
low tho chickens to get in easily, but not
to lot iho old fowls in. I'rairie Fiirmtr.
Remedy for Wire Worms.
There nrc two kinds of wire worms, so
called. ( ine is a small round, hard worm
with only six leir. this is tho larva of a
long nai row beetle, which has a habit ol
jot king its body nnd making a snapping
noise, henro it is called the snapping
beetle or elater, because of its icrky .
motion when itsnaps. This pest is not
so troublesome as the other, which is not
an insect, but a myriapod, or thousaud
legs: it bus legs at each ring of its long
thiu body, and curls itself spirally wheu
at rest. This is an iujurious pest, as it
cats tho roots of grass, wheat, and other
plants. Kilher kind will cat slices of
potato or leaves of clover rolled into
bolls, so that if these are poisoned with
I'nris green tho worms may" be destroyed.
These pests aie encouraged bv leaving
ground unculti VA'Pli lint nrn ct in-a l Aiir
by plowing tho land and leaving it
fallow for a few months. Strong,
smelling superphosphate will drive thdn;
away. . -
Signals tor tho Farm.
A codo of signals lor uso on the farm
maybe made very useful for communi
cation between persons out of speaking
distance. Tho writer has long used a
loud whistle for making signals to his
hired men and others about the farm,
which have been found quite intelligible
and useful after a littlo traiuing. The
common ' mile whistles" sold under the
claim that they can be hoard a mile off
are frauds, nnd fit only for children's
playthings; but a loud whistle can be
made of a brass tube half an inch in di
ameter, plugged, and cut with a tilo in
the required manner. The best whistle,
however, is madu of tho half shell of a
common filbert or Barcelona nut sawn
jengihwise or across the m'ddle. This
is placed between tho third aud fourth
lingers insido tho hand, nt the space bo
tween tho knuckle ond the next joint,
with the openiim in the shell between
tho lingers. Tho hand is then closed so
that nu orifice is left between the fingers
opening into iho nutshell. Thou by
placing Iho bent joint's of the finders be
tween the lips nnd blowing forcibly into
tho nutshell, a very Bh'rill nnd loud
whist'o may be given that can be heard
hall' a milo wiih a ease, aud further when
a gentle breeze is blowing in the direc
tion tho sound is to bo scut.
It 6ccms that this system of whistle
signals or language is by no means a
novelty, for a regular vocabulary, so to
ipeak, of whistling sounds has been in
use for many years in an island of tho
Canary group. Tho inhabitants ol this
Island (Gomera, which consists most of
precipitous rocks and deep ravines
through which rivers How,) make use of
this codo of whistle signals to communi
cate with each other across the rough
country, which can only be traversed by
long, circuitous routes, on account of tho
deep ravines. The people use both fin
gers and lips in whistling, nnd can carry
on a conversation with neighbors a mile
distant by tho uso of th'S peculiar lan
guage. This useful nd lit'on to the faculty of
speech may bo made available in many
ways by adopting a familar code or key
of sounds to that which is used in tele
graphy. '1 bus iu our system three short,
sharp whistles blown quickly mean that
that the uiau or men at work in a distant
place aro to come to the house or to quit
work. One long whistle gradually taper
ing off to a finish, means that the fore
man must send a man to the barn; one
shoit, fcharp whistle, followed by the
long, tapering one, calls the teams home;
two short whistles nnd the long one from
the foreman call the employer to the field
to fettle, some dbticulty; three short
whittles and t ho long one call the fore
man aud announce meal times. Thus by
the uso of long and thort sounds dif
ferently dispo-e 1 all sorts of directions
may bo given and information conveyeJ.
I nch man employe'd is provided with a
whistle, if ho cannot use his fingers in
tho usual way, which makes a loud,
Ciercing sound, and a card of signals;
ut this is not of much use except at
rare intervals.
Y'.ti2, ore usefully employed as signals
when tho house or burn can be seen from
all parts of the farm. A pole with arms
such as make up the old fashioned
"semaphore" telegraph may also be used
when it can be seen or the persons are
too far to hear a sound. A triangle made
of a steel bar bent with the ends free,
and struck with another piece of steel,
can be heard more tbau amileoway. But
this aud tho bell are not sutlic eutly va
rious in to una lor ordinary use. The
whistle, on theother bund, may be made
to ay quite sufficiently to afford all
necessary means of communication ovei
theaicaof an ordinary farm, and the
signals may be so codified as to give in
telligent meanings, as in the case of the
islanders above referred to.
lint it will be most convenient to con
dense as much as possible the code ol
(.ignals. Thus the signal come to the
house or barn when repeated quickly will
meau there is something wrong and husU
isrequiied. This will answer for all
emergencies, tach man, too, should
have his signal, to which he only will
answer in person wheu the ineu are to
gether or scattered, r-'ome such method
of communication will bo found very
useful, nnd, ns it will tend to save time
iu tho work of tho farm, tnd as time is
money, it will be found a means of
economy, and therefore worthy of adop
tion. Silt Yuri I'i.net.
More than fifty of the best known
ladies of Hattle Creek, Mich., have formed
a dress reform club, und declared them
selves against bustles, high heels, tight
shoes, still corsets, etc.
Ail Indian 'Turning.
' Every autumn, if they are allowed to
do so, the Concows have a "burning" or
burnt offering to their dead, says a
writer in tho tan Francisco Alia. They
erect a nrusn bouse In the graveyard,
and upon the night selected by the
"medicine" men all repair thither laden
with baskets, brails, pinola and acorn
soup. Iho baskets and beads are hung
on poies, ine pinola and acorn soup
being set at the bottom in the big
baskets, that are fashioned so closely as
to hold water. Agnin we see what they
have (rained from the white man. After
the white people, who come to see tho
"burning," have bought the finest and
the best of tho baskets, the rest are
thrown into the large lire in front of tha
brusti house and cs h one seeks Iho
giavca of his (lend relations, and there
they sit and cry till morning. Tlio noise
can be heaid for miles distant. The
half-breeds or younger ones generally
spend their rime in gambling. This ia
carried on either with cards or by means
of Iho grass game, which is thus played:
Two or four men, selected by some "one,
scat themselves en the ground where
tho giass ia long, or, if the game is
ennied on in tho sweat-house, they pull
a quantity of tho grnss and ly it In piles
in front of them. Then one side hav
ing decided by lot which begins. Tok
ing four small sticks in his hands two
in ench ho sings a monotonous chant,
Iho words of which have little or no
meaning, in tho mcnutimc rapidly chang
ing the sticks from eno hand to the
other, rubbing his hands together,
notching up hand fuls of grass, some
times burying his hands in the grass,
then tossing a small bundle of it ovei
bis head, and going through all sorts ol
maneuvers to conceal the change of thf
sticks or deer bones. One of them ii
peculiarly marked, and the game is t(
guess in whi. h hand it is held. At t
given signal from the opposing sldo, th
motions are stopped nnd the guess ii
made, and the player loses or wins tin
pile of beads or money in the center, ai
the case may be. To an Indian then
is nothing more exciting than a gooc
"grass game," and they will play foi
days at a time, hardly stopping to eat oi
drink, and their legend of thegame telli
that in olden times men played for men,
a chief betting his men, anil finally him
self, till all were lost or became cnptivi
to the enemy, till In Koi-to (the
Saviour, came aid won all men back anc
gave them to themselves aga'n to be free,
nnd then left with them a message tc
"love one another and look fcr hi
coming agnin.
The Co (Toe Hnrfost.
Roth banks of tho Amazon River are
fringed with sugar and coffee plantations
of vast extent. The coffee trees an
naturally about twenty-live feet in
height,, but iu order to improve the
quality of their fruit are kept pruned to
about six feet. Tho bush bears a snow
white blossom of exquisite fragrance,
which aftor drojiping is succeeded by a
(mall green button. This develops into
a pink berry, wh ch when ri e announces
it by becoming a deep purplo. It is
then plucked, nnd after passing through
the processes of drying, husking, win
nowing, sunning and sorting becomes
the coffee of commerce. San Francitco
U 'iron id t.
Haw to Overcome the Dancers mt Ii
oau re.
Francis O'Reilly, the well known livery man
of No. 18 l'rlnce street. New York, says of Al.U-
COCK'S I'OIIOUS I'LABTKItS:
"For the last forty-two years I have been en
gaged In the livery and hacking buslnera. I
am greatly aided by my four boys. We are
much exposed to the weather, and we hove
found Ai.ix-ock's I'lastehs of very great ser
vice. We use them aschest protectors, placing
one on the chest and one on the pit of the stom
ach. They not only ward oft the cold, but act
as" a tonic
We are frequently affected with rheuma
tism, kinks in the back, and pal'.s in the side;
but one or twoof Ai.u-ock'8 1'i.ssTEits quickly
cure us. My wife and daughter have been
using Al-uoca's I'r.ASTlMis fur weak back and
think the world of them. I have now been
using them for twenty years, and always liave
a box ln the house1
It Is estimated that over four million dollars'
worth of funt were pulpitd from Alaska during
the post j ear
Hymptoms of C'atarih.
Dull, heavy headache, olistniction of tho
naMitl passages. disi harKes fulling from the
head Into the throat, sometimes profuse, wa
tery, and acrid, at others, thick, tenacious,
imu-nuH. purulent, b'tsnly and putrid; the eyes
ure weak, watery, and inflamed; there is rin--iiik
iu tlie ears, ib-afness, hai'kint: or eoiiKhiuir
to clear the throat, expectoration of orTeusive
matter, together with seal from ulcers: the
voice is changed and has a naal twang; the
breath is ofl'cnsivc: tine 1 and late are im
paired: thcie is a eensitli'in cf dizziness, with
mental depression, a hai-kins cotiKh and gen
eral debility. If you have all, or any consider
able number of these symptoms, you aresuf-fi-rinic
from Nasal Catarrh. The more compli
cated your disease has oecorne, the greater the
numlRr aud diversity of symptoms. Thousands
of casea annually, w ithout manifestim half of
tbe atsive fyinploins, rcuil in consumption,
und end in tiiu icrave. No disease is so com
mon, more deceptive and dangerous, or les
understood, or more unsuccessfully treated, by
physicians. Five hundred dollars reward is
offered by the manufacturers of lr. Sape's Ca
tarrh rteincdy.for a raw of catarrh which they
cannot cure. Kemedy sold by druggists, at
ouly W cents;
Private Hanks In Ylerlin have honcht Rus
sian funds to the amount uf SU.UUO.UJU roubles.
Jack and .1111 each took a pill,
Old-fashioned kind full Ki-own;
Jack's went dnwu but with a frown
Jill died from cnuse unknown."
Rmiles will sujiersede many frowns, and
many discomforts will be unknown, when lir.
Tierce's 1'icasuiit l'ltrgittive Tellels entirely
supersede, us tl ey bid fair to do, the larne and
less cthrieut pill of our forefathers. Every day
they guin new laurelsl Most popular wheu
luost ills abound!
One of the most successful farmers of Iredell
County, N. '., is a itussian nulilnnan w ho was
exiled iu lM'.i becausr of his political principles.
JACOBS Oil
For Hoititica..
NEW CUR RENT TEST IMONY
7 nrB. Chicks. IU., ur 11. int.
I wm gWm 7 doctor I r'r M n v4
to km a cratch tor IclaUc RhemtmsUltua: auffr4
abot f Tsvr. ftr.t ftppl caUaa M Jacob 011 r.
tl.-.C, tw bott.t (tr. eEOftOS A. ROtft.
Bc1-r1Mn. ftovrr Daav Wt . May 11. 'tl.
Sprlnj of .1ST wu tasa with Iclatlra. laffcroa1
two aioBLhi. wa contned U bad, nt4 tvral
doctar wit bU. Ut4 St Jacob 011 aa4
,url. JaN MITTS WIBE.
Lainnr. Utlca. Faltoa C . Illlnol.
Thrtra r four r" M laiDas
la hip a lb bed frl oi tin, triad Mvaral d
tor withon! btee.lt. a cared by thrc r fom
appUcaUeii at ft Jacab Oil WM. HAA7U.
AT DftUaOUTI AMD PEALEKJ.
THE CHARLES A. V0GELER CO.. Balhrnort. U4.
Diamond Vera-Cura
. FOR DYSPEPSIA.
AUD ALL STOMACH TROUBLES BUCH Al:
Indigestion. Boar-Sloioath. Hcartbura, haaa, 814
d)B, Conttl atloa. FuIIb fUr atlng, Foal
K.ata ia to afoaU and di.tvf raaatiU taata aAar aat
laf. ttvvauaau aa Lstw-fipiriu.
At Dnigtjitts nmt lca er or sent by mail on ffr
ceiptuJ lS cU. (5 ltx4 fi .00) in tut. bampii
THE CHARLES A. VQSEtER CO.. Bittlwaf . Ml
ken Cabins are fast go
ing out of style as fashion
able residences. Log Cabins
wil1, however, always have
a place iu American history,
iH'-;; as they were the most
0iIL, prumiueui leuture oi our
country s can; social ine.
Tbe pioneers were strong, rugged,
heu'.thy. Warner's Log Cabin Cough
snd Consumption Hcmedy is a reproduc
tion of oue of the best of the old time
roots and herbs remedies, which kept
them well. Lverybody praises "Tippe
cauoe" as a stomach tonic.
The making of grass ensilage is all tha
rags in Knglaud.
A Family HailierUf.
Hare yon a fathert Have you a mother
Have you a son or daughter, sister or a brother
who has not yet taken Kemp's llslsam for Ihe
Throat and l.unirs, the guaranteed remedy for
the rure of Coughs, Colds, Asthma, Croup and
all Throat and bung troubles? If so, why?
when a sample bottle Is gladly given to you
free hy any druggist and the largo sis costs
only 60c and f 1
American silk manufacturing Is crowding out
foreign silk.
If sffttcted with sore eves use Dr. fsaao Thomp
son's Eyo-water. Druggists sell at Kto.por not lis.
TIIK MANDARIN.
White seated in Ms palanquin,
RikIj Ling Gum Ton, a mandarin;
Some laundry pcopla working nigh,
Were hanging garments out to dry,
He beckoned with his golden fan,
Wc
And thus addressed the nearest man: Then said the mandarin profound:
"Why do the robes upon your lino "Go, order me a thousand pound,
Like glaciers of Alaska shine? And they who use another kind,
Since we set out from Ning Po Keen, Shall prison cell and scaffold findl"
A WORD OF WARNING.
There are many white soaps, each represented to be "just as good is the 1 Ivory i'
they ARE NOT, but like alt counterfeits, lack the peculiar and remarkable qualitic
of the genuine. Ask for "Ivory" Soap and insist upon getting it
Copyright IS., by Procter A Gamble.
VOl? nill HA VK UtONfcY
Time, I'uln, Trouble
end will CI It It
CATARRH
BV 1MNU
ELY'S CREAM BALM.
Apply Balm Into each nostril,
:i.V 11HOS...1S Wsrivn Mt,, N. V.
MEN AND BOYS!
Wsnt to learn alt shout a
Horse t How to I'lok Out
GoodOuer Know Imperret
ttens and no Oi'arct ansloi
ud r Ietrct bltpae sa
lAectaCuro whra same
poM.ble? Tell the ate
llieleeth? What to cull the I'ltm-m iirt or tu
Anlu.alr How toMioe a 1'o.so I'nip.-rly Alltlils
suU other Va u.il.Io Information rsn I ol un e l br
reading vnr lUU-l'.;b I l.l.l'sct'lt tTKII
II 11 It K HOOK, whiWi we will lurwsnt, lu,l
pe.il, on rewlpt of only 41 ceuis Iu stamps.
BOOK PUB. HOUSE.
134 Leonard St.
New York City
Look
NEVKR M i ll
HA H1 A I.N IthKOHF.
REPEATING RIFLE
tW (hmi l-'fc'tnrv. Vfr Mk nur
remit At toll of 47 Vra nn f hie It ill m.A
(jv si inn uiRRrpi ourr rvrr
i niiuO. Si-nil c. In alHiiipa for 1 i;ntrtlc U
lOO-DMlTt lrm'rinlivt rlalisii linns Ifirt.e
15'
Rrnlrfr, Klfhini lmk. IKrvrlri. Sp.,rHnr ;mh1, Ac!
JOHN f, I.OYKI.L A It.M M Hi., It, Mr.eS.
Every Farmer's wife
Pre mmf of her Poullry
tile? emch year wleho it
knowing what the mult
ku or turn to rfliM'i a
miit'ily tf lirdo? riHo
Ulze thf littsfue. Ttilt U
not rlitht, us at ait e
I rut .f rrnia (tu
muiii "i hnc iirci-tira
a 100-rimr BOOK
r men rnni to r v t? inr i rrrii in if I'll
ii o sen and rviyllisiiif, indrrri, u aliould
Luautav un a l i Mull lfil . ha.ii I iHu.ti.Knl fur -J
book Pi n. II 01' SB,
131 I.esuara Hlreel, N. V . ( lir.
JOJUES
PAYSthejREICHT
ft Tun Waaou Hrulra.
I.'Sq l-tiTt, hi fT I srli, e.'eVM
Tui Iksoi nd R- am Hoi far
seo.
KvStTflir brtjle. I oi rtMpPivtlltS
kB BiVf.lloi litis ijr fni1 aHrpee)
If JONES F IINQH AHTtMt
HI si:il l Mi'iiN. hi w.
NORTHERN PACIFIC.
IU LOW PRICE RAILROAD LANDS &
FREE Government LANDS
MM.i.IoNflnf A HKSnf i-a. li in Mliin'tola. North
Dakota, Montana. Mutio, at-huiKtmi tii'l iki,
CCkin I'hlirationHwuhMNiwilf-rihinKths
OCnU rUil b-t AKrii-ultural, fttaniK aui Tan
In r (.aiids nowtijs. ii tohi ttlera rrnl frre. Ar1drtva
CHAS. B. LAMBORH, rirffMu"'-
SI60
FARMERS
SAW MILL
Also llrxiz r. Improved
I in umr ns w .1111
With luiwraal
1 ox Ik-am H'tl
liiiAir kiimiltat. at-
tirtiua Kit WrfiSl
rentne Friction IT1?
i.-...-. i it., t. ii tm..
i uiiii ny ine
Hauem Ikon Wobkh, Bal-m, N. C.
Write for circular.
DETECTIVES
IV sated la - Ceaotr. Bbra bid uaot uolr iDilrwcilaai
lo tsu Heorel Hervicw. kpeneitoe noi nevrj . Pe,rucuJert fr,
(jraaaaa DvUcUva Uurtm Co-li Arc4dl,Clfl:laiiU.X
ODIIIU UAQ1T P-Mnlcaaly nirM Id 10 to
rlUn fflMDll Ias. hsuitajimii or lioma
I ieatm-iit. in) rite. NoCutf. No Far. 'I' ha
Huiiimiic Uiiiii'iiy o.( I.k FnveUri I ml.
C'levJan1,(.. Hotnoopathi(HoUal Collei tM-itu
l-'Kt: (irKniii--i m 1M Uis) iiartuat. For rata.
lo-ue mldrgtts WtUiam T . Millrr.M D ,&l Bujer.r St.
Valuable Hnrset are ften lost through ig
norance oa tha part of tUe owner. Bend
25 ceuta in ataiu) to Huiiiebook Co., 131
Leonard (St., N- Y. City, and learn how to
delect diaeaae and how to cure it. This mai
aavo the hfo of your animal
AptilHi day. rmpli-i worth tl W FHEE.
v I.iut not uudi r th U r- !--1. wnt
w bn-watsjrbaft-ty hdu HiUert:u..Hil-y. Mich.
PAf luvaatbonajMliaacumoaryw
Uaiall t siiriMnt U m in v urld tnUcr Cosily uutoi
$93
Ti ll l iiomiiu ml .
tiint an ainaiur, hut imm raunjr for dollar anl
riitsi (lurttitr a twrlo T .vt-i'r. It irnrlira you
howls Drier! and Ciirr IMH'arf haw i
hr4 lor Kir km ninl nUo (or t-niiriilnat
I
KMslMEN, W.al PUatn.
auT"! 1
Woman's Modest.
Many women are yrevenlM by feelings t
weuiMiey imm coneiiiiing a nnysinsji In
disorders arising from functional derangwrn
nf her peculiarly riellcata organism, ana t
most serious results are often caused by tr,
neglect. To such persons Dr.I'leroe's FaTorti ,
rreserlpllnn Is an especial boon, as It offer ,
sure and safe cure for all those distressing a -orders
to w hich women are peculiarly suhx
w Idle it saves a modest girl or woman from tt
embarrassment of a personal consultation wl
a physician. "Favorite Prescription" la U
only medicine for woman's peculiar wh
n esses and ailments, sold bv druggists, nnrieT
itosttive guarantee from ll.o nianufaoturet"
llialltwill ulve satisfaction In every case, i
money will lie refauded, bee guarantee on
bottle wrapier.
John I .ester Murphy Is Queen Victoria's pri
veto telegrapher, aud ho lias a sinecure.
A finer sight I have not seen !"
" We washed those garments," answered lie,
" With soap that's made beyond the sea.
The Ivory Soap they call it there,
find it good beyond compare."
IE
Watcrprc:
Coat.
Tho rin B K a K 1 SLirXKH It wrre,MHj Wal-n roef, U will Jem
tht hr1r-l norm, T nw roMMKl. fft.ll IKK la frfl-, riMmg
iTTrd th rnit-a) dd!". Hwr tt imlUllflna. Kens g'tinlM wltttoai "rL .
ItraftcV t ail tn-k. Mniltrd) l'ta1rma ti, A. J. TuWvr. Ual, lSUa
. DR. SCHENCK'S
Pulmonic SYRl
Is the oMest anj best establishetl tnel
fur direct treatment of Consumptiu
end all affections of lungs
IT t ripem and loosens the tubercle
Rids the Lungs of purulent mattrr
Cleans and heals the sore spot.
Makes new blood and helps cirru!
O i Prevents other drposits of tubercle,
jj I Helps the return of flesh and spirit,
Cures where other remedies biL
Do not fail to send for Dr Schencti't
and admirable treatise on the Lunf v
Liver, and the Stomach, with their d
and cure. It abounds in excellent In!"'
lion, end will give you ideas about ;
vital orp.ini and the laws of health
never had before. Sent free.
DR. SCHENCK'S MEDICINE.
PURELY VEUCTADLC.
PULMONIC SYRUP,
SEAWEED TONIC AND '
MANDRAKE PI Li
are for sain by all Druggists. Full prli.
directions with cich package. Address
communications to Dr. J . 11. Schenck ft
riuladelplua,
CHEAPEST AMD BES
GERMAN DICTIONARY
OF 624 PACES
FOR ONLY ONE DOLLAR.
A FIRST CLASS DXTI3NART
AT VEUY SMALL fHICB.
ft (rlvs Knjr!! h Wnrls with tha Or r man Kqnt
I) nis a ut FmiiuniMatuin an t flora. an WrJs wtti
LulUti irvfluitluiis. boutyastpAtti ui raoaipt uvf $1
HEAD WHAT Til If MAN RAYS.
IUi.fm M ian., Maj 81, 19K.
Book Put. Hauttt, IU iottrti St.:
Tha Hrrman UU tlonary U recelvM ani I am murh
pleitKi d with It. I did not m.mot to find sui'h claaT
fi Int Ii an chrap a Umk. riraM avnd a tpr to ,
aud atcluaed flud $1 tur uuua. M. M. liaaaau.
BOOK PUB. CO.,
134Leonard Street, Sew York City.
MARVELOUS
DISCOVERY.
Auy book lunrnrd In owe Trading
ftl I nil vanilrr.nsr i-urvd.
SprnUlug mIiIiuu! uvtaa.
Wbally uiillka ari.ltclul aiama.
Piracy -oiilriii iiru bv riiireina i'anr
rat fn(lm-ilienii lo mrrffaiKnidrnoa cluMl
rrtispHiiH, wiiti opinions of nr. Win. A liana
tiaiifli Hie woiltl-fi.MM Kiojallat In Mind diss saaa.
lauccinei
It. Willi l
linnlcl (vcriilrnt ThaiH auiii thirrrat ffthl
otfiHt, J. M. Hiii klry, l. !.. Editor of tha t. an.
turn Atlroiutf, Itii U trl 1't'wctar ilia bcisutul,
aurl oihrra, amt iojt f n- iy
JMiOF. A. UJIHKri'E.-iif Fifth At., Naw Tort
aVHTHMA UUKliU
itirriuan A a I k u i a i ' u r r l ir u- rj'ai it u gi
1 m tlf i n Ihe wurst c,iiiaurrrtonifari-
aLiieuucp ; enecururfs wot ra ioidhtw lau
I ronttnesu iai Arpteai. amc mw. a-iu
KKui IirtunnatHorhv mail. 8-nuila it V.H
........ tinl Ul'Ull I'M AX St l'Bl;f Hit, 11
FRAZER
AXLE
GREASE
i!VW1 IM TIIV. U'llKLD
g uoi b.vo uviiuiiiu. Duiu j.TnrwiMrSi
Blair's Pills Rheumatic Remedy.
Mux. Jll liiH.d, 14 1111..
UnMFTI M Hook.kn-i.iBK. Ku.inm Porau.
HvWIfc PeuinMUfrlur. Anibi.it Wc, biiort-hoJ. eu-.,
II lhoru.hiy Uiuht ly MAIL. LiniiUii tt.
Bryant's t Dllrsc, e5T U:n Hi., Hufllo. W. Y.
TTYAV I HUn3.UuU.U0Ustrut..tS4rcul
I Lsntf LMflU uri i.ii Krius und turtle.
Uta- OOOLt IT V ruTK-t"llMiTe
nnrnnfi
mum
SSSe 1
rs t