IIATES OF ADVEIITTSIIK
rl
1 rl A
tsi rrft.miii r xvf.hi w.twjtrAr, i f
OfiVn In IioliinHKii & Bonner's Building,
ELM BXIir.ET, - TI0NE3TA, FA,
'fJCliMH, Ot.r.O IC1J. YKAR.
No BiilnrripMniiM received for a shorter period
tfinii tlnro month'!.
:,ivrHp'ti(l'weeo1icltyJ frnm til purtsof the
roMiili v. N'onoticowiil bo taken of anonymous
eoniiiniiiieafcoiiB.
If a Heart for Tlico Is Breaking.
If a heart for thee fa boating, , .
Ubo it gently lost It break;
Warm and tender bo thy greoting,
'Twill grow fondor for thy sako.
Oh ! In alckncPB or in (onw,
Lot thy caro its solace be,
Then 'twill all its gladnpua borrow
From ila aim of hope on thco.
Oh I tho heart it ia a blessing,
In its fr'nhnoq and itn youth,
Bo it thine 'mid thy caressing,
To presorvo it in Its truth.
'Tin no worldly gem, at pleasure
To bo worn or cant asldo,
But a firm and priceless treasure,
And moro valued whon it's tried.
Oh ! tho heart it ia a troasnro
Tha', should not bo lightly won,
To bo thrown asido at pleasure,
When tho festive hour is done.
'TI a Jewel that to cheiitih
Should bo still thy constant boast.
Fur, when all bosido it perish,
Will its worth bo known tho most.
Sonq Echo.
Story of a Diamond Necklace.
When the Cormtoss Dubarry was in
the height of her power, holding in
chains a vicious king, Louis XV. or
dered for her a necklace of diamonds.
Bohmer . and Bossonge, the jewelers,
hunted the world through for gems
worthy to bo wrought into a necklace
for the favorite of a king. Before the
necklace was. ready for delivery the
k;ng died, and tho jewelers found them
Nlve8 burdened with a heavy debt in
curred in purchasing the diamonds.
They made an effort to sell the glit
tring"and costly bauble to the youthful
Mirie Antoinette, but the queen de
clined to purchase. The finances of
he country did not allow of 60 great
mi expenditure on an article which,
however beautiful, was by no means nec
essary to the queen. It was offered to
thevartou European courts, but they
were not. willing to pay 8400,000 for a
'iamond necklace, however precious the
tone miVht be. For ten years the
jwiders persisted in offering the neck
luoe to the queen, until she grew weary
of the persecution. Thinking that they
raw their opportunity when the dauphin
was born, again they appeared at the
palace with the necklace, and the king
taking it, offered it to the queen, and
was astonished at the warmth of her
words when she rejected the gift. So
the jewelers still had the unlucky neck
lace on their unwilling hands.
There was a plot brewing which, if
nucoosful, would relieve the jewelers of
the now obnoxious necklace, but which
would not place it within the hands of
royalty. It was a plot wonderfully con
trived and wondet fully carried out, the
chief conspirator, a woman, showing re
markable fertility of resource, uncom
mon audacity, and great recklessness of
consequences.
This woman, the Countess de la
Motto, was descended in an irregular
way from Henry II. of Yalois. The
Saint Itemi family, however, had been
reduoed through poverty to the lowest
extreme of degradation; and, however
their exalted lineage, they had lost all
traces of their royal pedigroe.
When we are first introduced to the
wicked ounteRS she ic begging on the
roadside with her little sister on her
ttack, she herself a child of tender
years. Deserted by her unnatural
mother these little ones had to take
caro of themselves, and perhaps the
cunning for which tho wily countess
Wus distinguished had been acquired
during her vagrant career.
It was a fortunate day for Ler whon,
running beside the carriage of tho Mar
chioness de Boulainvilliors, she cried:
"Pray take pity on two orphans, de
scended from Henry II. of Yalois, 'king
of France." Such an appeal was likely
to attract attention, as it was unusual
to see the members of a royal family re
duced to such a plight. The marchioness
inquired into the girls 6tory, and find
ing that her lineage could bo traced,
even though remotely and irregularly,
to a king of France, she sent for the
children to her chateau and befriended
them. Every educational advantage
was given them, and by persistent ef
forts she had their claim to royal do
scent acknowledged, and a pension of
$160 a year settled on each of tho three
children for there was a boy also. Tho
little beggar-Rirl was now known as
Mademoiselle Yalois; and after she had
, completed her education she went to
Bar-bur-Aube, the place of her birth.
Here Bhe encountered M. de la Motte.
an officer in the gendarmes, and married
him.
Even at this early age her moral
character was not above suspicion, and
it is clear that she was utterly deficient
m sen-respect and in proper principle,
Full of pretense and of ambitious as
pirations, sho thought that a daughter
of the house of Valcis 6hould support a
certain stylo. Neither her husband nor
herself had tho means to keep up a dis
play, or even a moderately genteel ap
peurauce, and like many other weak'
minded people under similar circum
stances, they bep;an to borrcw, beg and
steal. She now assumed the title of
countess and her husband that of count,
Fancying that she was kept out of her
anoestral estate, she fairly besieged all
who she thought could be of service in
pushing her claims.
Having been, unfortunately for him,
introduced to the Cardinal de Rohan,
grand almoner of Fiance, she prepared
o 66; tire Liu in her toils, lit was not
Vol. XIV. No.:39.
hard to ensnare. She was not desti
tute of attractions, was cajoling, flatter
ing, insinuating and without any moral
scruples; while he was vain, profligate,
and easily duped by women. He was
grand almoner of Franco, and a rich
prize for her to grasp.
Resolved to secure her ancestral do
mains, she was detei mined to gain ac
cess to the queen in order to enlist her
sympathies in her cause. But she
failed in reaching the presence of
Marie Antoinette, notwithstanding her
artfully contrived plans. So persistent
was she in thrusting her petitions be
fore those in authority that, to get rid
of her, the controller general added
about 8150 to her pension. This, how
ever, was but a'drop in the mighty ocean
of her wants. Living far beyond her
mean, burdoned with debts, and har
rasxed in jnind, she even contemplated
suio'do. but concluded to remain on
earth awhile longer and battle with
grim poverty. ,
Then it waswhen she was having a
hand-to-hand fight with penury, when
every resource was exhausted, and tho
wolf could no longer bo kept from the
door, that her fertile imagination con
ceived a deed which for cunning and
daring has rarely been surpassed. This
was a plan to transfer the diamond
necklace from the hands of the jewel
ers into those of her own.' Into this
audacious plot the highest in the land
were to be dragged the queen and the
Cardinal de Rohan, high church digni
tary and grand almoner of France. It
was a desperate deed, but well planned
and well executed.
She first set tho report about that she
was on terms of intimacy with tho
queen, and, to give an appearance of
reality to her story, she was constantly
seen in the vicinity of the palace, as if
she had bi en visiting the queen in her
private apartments. She. persuaded
Cardinal de Bohan that, through her
intercessions, Marie Antoinette was
ready to receive him again into favor.
Owing to his conduct when on a foreign
mission, he was in disrepute at the
court; and, having rpoken disrespect
fully of the queen's mother, Maria
Theresa, her daughter, the queen of
France, refused to countenance him.
He felt keenly his position, and eagerly
snatched at even the feeble thread this
cunning woman held out to him.
Bhe now forged letters which she
pretended had been sent to her by the
queen, in which the speaks of her for
giveness of the cardinal, and says that
the explanations of the Countess de la
Motte nave placed matters in quite a
different light. Delighted at this favor
able turn in his affairs, and filled with
gratitude to the successful mediator
between himself and royalty, ho is ready
to lavish money and good-will upon
her.
She now goes a step farther, and the
cardinal receives letters from the
queen herself, through tho medium of
the countess. Through the same
medium he sends money to her
majesty, at her own request, which is
eagerly appropriated by the Countess
de la Motte. These letters are written
on the same blue bordered paper on
which Marie Antoinette usually wrote,
and were inscribed by a young man
employed for the purpose.
Under the pretense that the queen
wishes the cardinal to negotiate with
the jewelers for the necklace, he is in
vited by one of these blue bordered
notes ip meet Mane Antoinette in the
garden of the Tnilenes at midnight.
To have believed it possible that the
queen of k France would commit the in
discretion of Inviting a man to meet
her in such a place at such an hour
proves that the vanity of the cardinal
was so gigantic that it completely swal
lowed up his common sense. A woman,
who is not in the plot, but who is a
dupe also, is cheated into meeting
the cardinal. She is not aware that
she is representing the queen, and does
not know that it is the cardinal 6he is
meeting. She says but a few words,
when the countess, ,who is keeping
watch, hurries her off, fearing that tho
deception may be discovered by the
cardinal. The end has been accom
plished, however; the dupe thinks the
queen has thus honored him, and he
clasps with eager joy the rose-emblem
of her favor and forgiveness which she
has placed in his hands. Wonderful
credulity 1 He is ready now to perform
any act, however silly, at the bidding of
the cunning and false daughter of
Yalois, whose exalted descent did not
prevent her being a swindler of the
worst kind.
She writes, as if from the queen, cm
powering the cardinal to purchase the
necklace. She sends one of her trusted
emissaries to the jewelers to suggest to
them that, as the Countess de la Motte
is in high favor with the queen, she
would be likely to persuade her into
purchasing the necklace. She was ac
cordingly viEited by one of the jewelers,
and when the cardinal purchased the
necklace they did not recognize him so
much in the matter as the queen's so
called friend, the all-persuasive 4 and
all-powerful countess. So delighted
were the jewelers to get rid of the ex
pensive bauble, and so grateful were
they to the countess for her powerful
assistance, that they gave a banquet at
which she was the honored guest.
When the cardinal was requested, as
he thought, by the queen to purchase
the necklace, he was told to hand it to
the person appointed by her friend, the
Countess de U Motte, to receive it.
This person was . the accomplice who
wrote the letters purporting to come
from the queen.
Everybody ia satisfied. The cardinal
that he is able to gratify the queen ;
tho jewelers that they Lave got rid of
AO
TIONESTA, PA,, WEDNESDAY, DEO, 21, 1881,
the necklace, and the countess that she
has secured that which will place her
far above the pangs of poverty. A
thief, a forger of the queen's name, she
stands on a Volcano which is liable at
any time to destroy her. She does not
seem to realise this fact, however, as
she gloats over her stolen treasure.
The queen, meanwhile, is unconscious
of the plot of which she is one of the
victims a plot that is destined to work
her woe and even to cast a shadow over
her name.
Not the faintest suspicion entered
the minds of the cardinal and the
jewelers that they had been duped.
But why did not the queen wear the
necklace sho had purchased? There
had been publio occasions when it
would have been most appropriate;
when its gorgeous luster would have
decked her most becomingly.
The necklace was to be paid for in in
stallments ; and when the first was due
the countess visited the cardinal and
informed him that the queen was com
pelled to defer payment. The cardinal
saw the jewelers, who were not satisfied
at the delay. Their creditors were
pressing them, and their need of the
money was great.
Meeting lime. Campan, Bohmer,
one of tho jewelers, told ner of the pur
chase made by the queen. She electri
fied him by asserting positively that the
necklace was not in the queen's posses
sion, and never had been.
The necklaco contained C29 diamonds,
all of rare beauty and many very large.
The Da la Mottes, picking it to pieces,
prepared to sell tho stones. Yilette, the
young man who wrote the letters, was
sent with some of tho diamonds to sell.
While thus engaged he was arrested on
suspicion of having stolen them, but,
as nothing could bo proved against him,
ho was released. The chief conspirator
succeeded in disposing of many, and
her husband had similar good luck in
England.
And now " the winter of her discon
tent" vanquished, and the countess pre
pared to live as a daughter of the house
of Valois should. She furnished her
house in regal style. The hangings to
her bed were silver velvet trimmed with
gold laco and fringe, and embroidered
in gold thread and spangles, and her
coverlid was worked in pearls. Her
stables were filled with horses; she had
fine carriages; silver bells were attaohed
to her horses when sho rode out; she
had outriders; her coffers glittered with
rare jewels, and her attire was worthy
of the queen herself. She was now liv
ing at her old home, Bar-Sur-Aube
living there like a piiucess where she
hod once lived as a beggar child.
But the storm was gathering that was
to break upon her, for Mine. Campan
had informed the queen of her pur
chase, made in her name by the Cardi
nal de Bohan. Ono day, as arrayed in
bin pontifical robes he wasobout to cele
brate a church festival in the chapel of
YtrsailleB, he was summoned to attend
the king in his private cabinet. On
being questioned by the king as to who
gave him the authority to purchase the
necklaco for the queen, he replied: "A
lady called the Countess de la Motte
Yalois, who handed me a letter from
the queen, and I thought I was perform
ing my duty to her majesty when I un
dertook this negotiation."
' How, sir," said the queen, " could
you believe 1 should select you, to whom
T have not spoken these eight years, to
negotiate anything for me, and espe
cially through the mediation of such a
woman a woman, too, whom I do not
even know ?"
The cardinal evidently thought that
tho queen was only playing a part in
tho presence of her husband, and he
felt some contempt for her cowardice in
trying to screen herself from blame in
the transaction. However, he soon bo
came convinced that he had been made
a dupe of, and confessing the same, de
clared his willingness to pay for tho
necklace. This did not save him from
Eunishment, however, and in spite of
ia protests, he was arrested in his
sacred robes and thrown into the Bas
tile. When the guilty countess heard the
news of the cardinal's arrest she was at
a dinner party at Clairvaux, where the
abbot was entertaining socio of his
friends. She almost fainted, as well
she might, and rushed from the table
in evident dismay. She was arrested
the next morning and carried to the
Bastile, while her husband wisely
fled to England. The woman, Mme.
d'Oliva, who personated the queen in
the garden scene, was arrested, as was
also the young man Vilette, who wrote
the letters purporting to come from the
queen.
The audacity of the countess did pot
desert her on her trial. She put a bold
face on tho matter and denied every
thing, trying to make it appear that the
cardinal was tho guilty party. She was
ever ready with the most plausiblo an
swers, and even denied the confession
of Yilette, saying that he was as inno
cent as she was herself. She was cool
and courageous, never at a loss for an
answer under the severest cross-examination,
and bore herself proudly
through the whole trial, as a daughter
of the house of Valoia should do, of
course. Her assertions ol innocence
did not save her, however, and she was
borne to the conciergerie, where a ter
rible punishment awaited her.
Tho cardinal was acquitted, amid the
plaudits of the people; but the king
demanded him to resign the office of
grand almoner and the ordors that had
been conferred upon him, and to retire
to his abbey among the mountains of
Auvergne.
Upon the countess deservedly fell
tho greatest punishment, She Lad
r A yv , i I a
planned the whole affair, the others
being her dupes and instruments. When
her sentence was read to her she west
into convulsions. She was to be whipped
and branded on both shoulders with
the word "voleuse" thief. She was
not the person to submit quietly to an
infliction like this. She screamed and
struggled violently when the hot iron
was appliod to her tender flesh. Never
did the shoulders of a Valoia suffer as
did those of this degenerate "orphan,
descended from Henry II. of Yalois,
king of France." Amid her cries and
imprecations the painful sentence was
executed, and thus branded she was
thrown into a coach and driven to the
Salpetriere, a prison for the lowest
women.
Through tho connivance of outside
parties she effected her" escape, and
joined her husband in England. They
still had some of the diamonds in their
possession, andthese they continued to
sell as their exigencies required. Her
day for doing harm was not yet over,
and she employed her pen in writing an
account of the affair of the diamond
necklace. Her narrative, which waa as
false as herself, was scattered far and
wide; and her terrible slanders against
the queen, strange to say, found believ
ers. The last glimpse we catch of this
audacious creatare is when she jumps
from a window in London to avoid the
creditors who are pursuing her. So
badly was she injured by her flight that
she died in a few weeks, aged thirty
four years.
"The evil men do lives after them," says
the bard a Baying verified in the case
of tho countess. The slanders she had
raised against the queen, and the dubious
position in which she had placed her with
regard to the cardinal, were shadows
which always darkened the pathway of
Mario Antoinette. There were those
who persisted in believing her as guilty
as they wished her, and her enemies
wore only too glad to have a subject of
reproach like this.
Diamonds have often worked woe,
but never did they work such woe as
this diamond necklace accomplished.
Where are they flashing now? Who
can tell ? The king who ordered them
died most miserably ; the woman for
whom they were ordered, the base Du
barry, was carried Bhrieking to.the guil
lotine; the lovely queen whose name
was used in the plot, bowed with heavy
sorrows, shared the fate of Dubarry,
and the creature who originated the
whole matter died a tragic death, her
white shoulders bearing the sign and
seal of her infamy. Truly, these gems
of history are also the gems of tragedy.
Demor cut's Magazine.
,c J
Feasting in FIJI.
The taro is of a bluish-gray color, and
both in appearance and consistency re
sembles mottled soap. As its name sug
gests ' (Arum esculerUtim) its leaves are
like those of our own arum greatly
magnified, while those of the yam are
like a very rich convolvulus, as is, also,
its habit of growth. A great many vari
eties are cultivated, including one the
root of which is throughout of a vivid
mauve. Tho sweet potato is also in
common use, and bread-fruit and ba
nanas are abundant. The favorite
method of preparing the latter is to
wrap them up iu a large leaf and bury
them till they ferment. The stench
when the leaf is dug up is 6imply in
tolerable to the uneducated nose of the
foreigner, but the Fijian inhales it with
delight, therein Fcenting the mandrni
(bread) and puddings in which his
ncr;l delights. These puddings are
sometimes made on a gigantic
scale on the occasion of any great
gathering cf tho tribes. We were told
of une that measured twenty feet in cir
cumference, and on tho same occasion
thero was a dish of green leaves pre
pared ten feet long by five wide, whereon
were piled turtles and pigs, roasted
whole; also a wall of cooked fish five
feet high and twenty feet long. Cer
tainly the masses of food accumulated
on these great days beat everything w e
have heard of ancient Scottish funeral
foasts. Mr. Calvert describes one festi
val at which ho was present where there
were fifteen tons of sweet pudding,
seventy turtles, fifty tons of cooked
yams and taro (besides two hundred
tons which weie judiciously reservod),
and as much yangona-root as would have
filled five carts. The mode of laying
the tablo on these occasions ia
peculiar. All food is arranged in
heaps; a layer of cocoanut aa foun
dation, then baked yams and taro;
next the gigantio puddings on green
banana leaves, the whole surrounded
by pigs and turtles. These are roasted
whole in huge ovens, or rather pits in
the ground, perhaps ten feetdeep and
twenty in diameter, which are first
lined with firewood, on which is laid a
layer of 6tones. When these are heated
the animals to be roasted are laid on
them, with several hot stones inside to
secure cooking throughout; then comes
a covering of leaves and earth, and the
baking process completes itself. When
all is ready certain men are told off,
who carefully apportion this mass of
food among the representatives of the
various tribes present, these sub-dividing
among themselves, and great is the
need for punctilious observance of all
ceremonies and points of etiquette, as
the smallest breach thereof would in
evitably be noted, and involve certain
revenge or rather would have done so
before the people became Christiana.
(Jood Words'
Never try to raise a rumily w ithout a good
newspaper, provided it contains thadvrtiao
meut of Dr. Bull's Cough Byrup ; for this valu
able medicine ia necessary to keep your chil
dren hi gov4 Lvtilth,
j w vA . a
$1.50 Per Annum.
SUSDAY REAVING,
Krllilona News and Notes.
In the last ten years the number of
churches in Chicago has increased from
156 to 218.
There is a congregation of colored
Catholics in Marion county, Ky., with
179 communicants.
The members of the Presbyterian
congregation of the Tvev. A. B. Mackay,
Montreal, have given, the past year,
$140,000 for theological education.
It ia said that boys and girls who
have walked a distance of eighty or
ninety miles to attend the Telugu Bap
tist schools in India have been regret
fully turned away for lack of accommo
dation. The Lutherans are very Btrong in
Missouri. They have C30 ministers,
818 congregations and 225 " preaching
ing stations." Last year 18,735 chil
dren wero baptized, and 8,380were con
firmed. The Free Baptists of New Bruns
wick have added 341 communicants and
received $25,000 for church purposes
during the past year. The increase in
communicants during the last ten years
has been 3,500.
The Methodist Episcopal church
South has eleven mission stations along
the Rio Grande and the Mexican bor
der, with sixty-one preaching-plaoes,
447 church members and 373 Sunday
school schools.
The report of the American board
shows an increase of seventeen mission
aries, 10:) proaohing-ploces, 2,500 com
mon school and 300 high school
scholars, and more than 2,000 additions
to tho mission churches.
Tho California Methodists have be
gan to raise a " Haven memorial fund '
of $10,000 in memory of the late Bishop
Haven, who died in Oregon, for perfect
ing the library, cabinets, etc., of tho
University of the Tacific.
The fiftieth annual Episcopal Dio
cesan convention of Alabama reported
twenty-seven clergy and 3,615 commun
icants. The confirmations of the past
year number 216 and the baptisms 259.
The total of contributions was $47,546.
A Lutheran Ecumenical council is
now called for. The Lutheran Visitor
believes that suoh a conference would
be perhaps one of the greatest meetings
ever held, and asserts that, instead of
a few million of Calvanists or Armen
ians, it would represent 50,000,000 Luth
erins from all quarters of the globe.
A Surgical Arm.
A Philadelphia surgeon Ins invented
a reniarkabloTnachine for the perform
ance of surgical operations. The Phil
adelphia Record thus describes it : It
consisted of an upright arm standard
about four feet high and a couple of
inches in diameter, with a foot treadle
and driving wheel at tho base. At the
top was fastened what may be described
as a flexible arm, being a long iron bar,
with tho shoulder, elbow and wrist
made flexible by means of an ingenious
arrangement of wheels, enabling every
section of it too be moved in any direc
tion at will. Into the wrist patt a hand
piece was pcrewed, and at the end of
this a small circular paw. An endless
cord, attached to tho driving wheel, ran
up tho htandard and along the arm,
and as tho wheel was revolved by the
movement of the treadle the circular
saw went into motion until it is flying
around at the rate of 18,000 revolutions
per minute. Instruments at the wrist
can bo inserted or removed in a mo
ment. Put in circular saws from half
an inch to four inches in diameter and
tho engine is ready for any of the major
operations upon the bone. Here is a
reciprocating saw which cuts both ways,
moving only three-fourths of an inch
and making fifteen cuts at each move
ment, or 30,000 both ways. This will
cut the bone instantaneously as smoothly
as if done with a plane, and by it resec
tions of every bono in the body can bo
made. Fix a screw attachment to the han
dle of the saw, which is fastened into
the bone to bo cut, holding it firmly to
the frame of the saw, and with this
the thigh bone can be resected as high
up as the upper third, and the end cut
oil at any angle with the precision of
mathematics. Substitute a drill, and
with the rapidity of lightning the oper
ating surgeon can have a hole of any
size up to a quarter of an inch in any
bono lying loose in the tissues, and
where a stone in the bladder can be
reached within four inches a diamond
drill may be used to puncture the 6tone
with numerous holes, which destroy its
cohesive powers and enable it to be
broken with impunity by the fingers or
with weak forceps. Does it become
necessary in an operation to shave down
a bone, all that is necessary is to attach
one 01 these burrs, and an operation
which would take hours to perform
with chisel and mallet is accomplished
in a few moments.
jiisrh-Priced Books.
Brayton Ives, a Now Yorker, paid
$15,000 for an illuminated missal the
other day not too large to slip into an
overcoat pocket, if, like those in Mr.
George Bancroft's overcoat, the pocket
is made big enough to take in an octavo
volume. This ia probably the largest
Erico ever paid hi this country for one
00k. In England $36,000, paid for
a Gutenberg Bible on papor, is high
water mark in book prices.
Sitting Bull recently served as muta
on board the steamer Key West at Fort
Buford. The crew deserted the boat at
that point and Sitting Bull volunteered
to unload it. He wore tho nuito'H cap
and directed the work.
One Ripiaro, one inch, one inncrtion.... fin
One 8iiiam, one inch, ono month 3 on
One K'piare, one in 'li, three months.... 6 0)
One H'iiar one inch, one year.... 10 nil
Two Hiinrps, one year 15 (Hi
Quarter Column, one year ilO 00
Half Column, one year... 50 CO
One Column, one year 100 CO
Iegal notices at established raUw.
Marriages ami death notices gratia.
All bills for yearly advertisements eolleefed
cuarterly. Temporary advertisement must bo
pi id for in advance.
Job work, cash on delivery.
Life in New York City.
A writer who 'signs bimoelf " A Non
Resident American," says in the Contem
porary Review : New York is no longer
tho city that it was fifty years ago. It
has grown so rapidly in extent, in pop
ulation and in wealth that all tho con
ditions of life are changed. I visit tha
palatial residences of former days, and
I find myself in the midst of towering
warehouses, or in the midst of a Ger
man city, or surrounded by squalid
tenement-houses, swarming with Irish.
Another turn, and I am in a Chinese
quarter. If I would find the fashion
and wealth of the city, I must go far
out among the old market gardens and
the more distant pastures, which are cov
ered now with costly dwelling-houses,
Then 20,000 was a great fortune; now,
New York boasts of a citizen who
is worth 20,000,000. There are
others who are almost as rich. They
are railway kings, or men who have
grown rich by the sudden and enormoua
rise in the value of real estate ; and
socialism, imported from Europe, hav
ing no kings nere to attack, has found
a name for these men, and threatens
them as "monopolists." The palaces
of the Fifth avenue laugh at the fain
echoes which reach them from the halls .
near the Bowery, where social clubs
discuss the rights of labor, and openly
advocate the assassination of monopo
lists ; but no one can seriously study
life in New York without finding him
self confronted, first of all, with this
problem of the relations of wealth and
poverty. New York has not nrrown
rich so much through the Bkill and
energy of her citizens as through
the rapid growth of the conn- .
try, with which she has had
but little to do, except in the way of
developing her natural advantages by
building railways and canals. Most of
her rich men owe their wealth to the
rise in the value of real estate or to
fortunate speculation in stocks. It has
not been a slow growth. It has come
suddenly. The poorest man in New
York, who can read a penny paper, is
familiar with tho slang of Wall street.
He knows that he . is cutting stone or
carrying mortar for a palace which is
building for a man who has "captured
a railroad," or "watered stock," or
" made a corner." He does not need to
go far to be told that thfc does not mean
money earned, but money stolen from
the laboring classes. He believes it.
And even this does not touch him bo
directly as tho fact that he pays an
exorbitant rent to another monopolist
for his filthy rooms in a tenement-house.
If this were all of New York society,
this article would never have been writ
ten. There are rich men whom wealth
has not corrupted, and poor men whom
poverty has not embittered. This does
not need to be said. It may be said of
every city. But there are probably few
cities in the woild where a choicer so
ciety can be found than in New York,
and thero are few, if any, whore there
is more earnest, active Christian life.
We find it among the rich and the poor.
It is colored somewhat by the dominant
spirit of the city, but it is genuine. It
ia straggling manfully to redeem the
city from crime, corruption, filth, ig---mce,
irreligion and degradation of
every kind; and if the city is saved "
from outbreaks of the worst forms of
communism, it will be by its means.
But I am dwelling too long upon
generalities. Let us come down to
practical every -day life. The New Yorker
is always in a Lurry. He is an early riser. '
and generally eats a hearty breakfast by '
8 o'clock. If he is a religious man he .
has had family prayers before breakfast,
as this is the only time of which he
could be sure before midnight. If he
does not read the morning paper at
breakfast, he reads it on the way to his
ollice. He is almost certain to have
callers on business before he can leave
his house; and if he is known to bo a
benevolent man, he has a score of beg
ging letters by the morning delivery. He
gets away as soon as possible, and is not
seen gain until evening, when he comes
in just in time to dress for dinner.
His household affairs are managed -by
his wife. He is liable to have busi
ness calls before he has finished his
dinner. If he goes to his club, ho
talks business there. He has com
mittee meetings to attend. At 9 or 10
o'clock he may go with his wife to a
party; or he may get away a little earlier
to the theater. If he ha3 an evening
at home, it is because he has a dinner
party for evening entertainment him
self. He keeps late hour?. If an
active religious man, Sunday is almost
as busy a day as any other. If not, it
is divided between business and amuse
ment. In May his family goes into the
country, or to some watering-place, to
remain until October, but tho chance
is that he gets but little rest. When
rest becomes absolutely essential he
escapes to Europe.
What the ladies do, except to make
themselves agreeable when they can be
found, I cannot say from observation,
but they seem to be aa overworked as
the men. Some of them certainly specu
late in stocks. They have their clubs
and societies, literary and otherwise.
Many of the charities and religious so
cieties of the city are largely in their
hands. Domestic and social affairs are
generally left to their management. If
most of the wealthy are devoted to
fashion, many are devoted to better
things to self-culture, religion and
benevolence. Perhaps all this is enough
to account for the fact that there seems
to be so little of quiet and repose in
Now York li'
Tho Baptiat denomination iu Yer
mont has about one hundred church,
with a stated membership of 10, L' . :