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18 PUBLISHED EV.KHY WEDNESDAY, BY
W Tt. DUNN.
OmCE IN ROBINSOff & BONNER'S BUILD1KO
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VOL. X. NO. 46.
TIONESTA, PA., FEB. 20, 1878.
$2 PER ANNUM.
f
THE POWER OP EDUCATION.
A I.ectnre Hrnd llrfore Hie Forrkt County
Trnrhnrpi' Inxlllulft nt Ihelr Annual Hon
Ion, In Drrrmbrr, IST7, by iM.W.Tntr,
Haq,
Tho. power of education ii, indeed,
a broad field and n long field jn which
to enter for the short time allotted me
this evening; ho I shall mark off and
enclose only a small triangle, bounding
it by the throe lines of education, along
which I hope to lead your thought
individual, industrial and political or
citizen education. I would liuild within
this polygon as best I can, a manhood
of worth and power, suited, I hope to
the ago and times in which we live.
EJueatiou is instruction wrought out
by discipline. It is an instruction cf
the morals ami manners, as well as the
understandings of men. We Bay that
ft man has a flue education, and are
understood to speak of his skill in arts
anil sciences ; but an educated man hap,
in addition to arts and sciences, morals,
religion and behavior. Elucatiou is
generalissimo of the faculties, mental,
hiomI, religious, socia', industrial and
civil, loading out these forces and mar
shaling them for hoaor on the fields of
tim. It is the multiplication of man's
energies swelling in ever-widening rings
upou the wide sea-surface of his life.
Overleaping tho barriers of the
deluge, away on in the traditionary
twilight cf the world, we behold domes
tic society, which was the first social
organism of the planet, and which ban
come down to us from the wedding
. bower of Adam and Eve and the wan
dering touts of Abraham through Nine
veh, through the wide orient to our
6wn tlmec, the Divine model of state
craft, the framework of every Utopia
that has boon dreamed of under the sun,
as well as the foundation of all govern-
mor among men. Tho citizen of this
sequestered realm is a little child1; the
f ither, if , I may borro tho beautiful
thought of Livy and Seneca, is its
m i-jistrate ; and the mother, queen of
the domain. Here, the possibilities of
th ught and action are given their first
impulse uud direction. The principal
institution in Plato's Republic was a
place where the citizens wero trained to
employments suitable to their nature.
In every well conducted household if-'
exactly such a moulding room and fur
nishing aartmeut for the world. So
ciety is made up of atoms, which atoms
are individuals, and a atoms aro con
ceived as the first principle or com
ponent parts of all physical magnitude,
so are individuals the component parts
of the educational cosmos. And they
Rro the true atoms of motion iu tho ever
lasting chauges aud adaptations that
are taking place around us constantly,
ns they fall into their final results of
marble and stone and the industrial arts
aud Mm miracles of the mind.1 Thut
these atoms may have right force and
direction, is as necessary to the well
being of society, as that .the particles of
matter keep their appointed places on
this planet and nil planets. 'Common
school aud college do not give this force
and direction, uor aro they capable of
modifying or changing Ihem to any
very great degree. Of tho numerous
graduates of our institutions of learning,
bo few aro heard of at all in after life,
that bachelor degrees have become like
bachelors themselves, of no consequence
whatever to any one iu the world. , This
may not bo, indeed, is not the fault of
professor or curricula ; tho material
they wrought on was, perhaps, the
refuse of the quarry, or the marble may
have been rich and tare, yet like Pyg
malion's statue, stood btill and cold to
tho kiss of the devotee. No system is
expected to enlighten a soul that is dark
of itself. But mouy a gem of mind is a
mere cameo head on a college catalogue,
that home discipline, properly exercised,
would have wrought into a shining bril
liant on the golden riug of time.
No sohool-house can take tho placcof
tho house-school, and this I maintain
is the law of nature and reason in the
matter. Education is the adjunct ori
rather the chief element of parental
authority. In this domain of which we
are speaking, the allegiance of the child
is owed to the parent, and therefore its
care belongs to the parent. The State
has no rights, except, perhaps, to see
that nothing detrimental to public
morality and peace is taught ; but the
State caunot impose on the family a
system of education, nor force entry into
such and suoh a school, nor compel the
employment of such and such a teacher.
And hence when our statute law provides
a school into which tho child may enter
at six years, but before that age leaves it
for direction and caro to this house-school
of which I am speaking, it makes a
provision founded upon the very law of
nature and reason, and justly entitles
the school system of our commouweath
to tho first rank among the systems of
the world.
Nor in tho transfer of the child from
the house -school to the common -school,
is there a separation but he continues
to be attached to the fireside. The
schoolmaster is, by the law of nature,
subordinate to the parent, and is to
carry on the work begun by him as
ally and not antagonist. I have read
that in Norway its people in summer at
tend to the culture of the fields, in the
winter to that of the household. Here,
around the fireside, the father presides
at the task, the mother teaches, and the
traveling schoolmaster, who is called a
"household pilgrim," commonly assists
her. This pilgrim schoolmaster travels
through the snow-paths with his little
baggage of Christian science and nation
al history and poetry, and thus are
formed those religious and patriotic
sentiments so finely interwoven among
tho population.
Here, then, iu the four walls of home
ma'.nly, and not in the working rooms
of school and college alone, the faculties
are shaped and moulded into forms , of
manly strength and usefulness.
And how shall the child-man be
taught? Wo say, not by rote or by
book simply ; but emphatically by ex
emplars of action, by works and the
knowledge of effects and consequences.
A great man among the ancients was
nsked "what boys ought to learn," and
he answered, " what they ought to do
whn they become men." Education
that fails to furnish the student with
real things is nothing and mere words
aud definitions are the shadows of an
insubstantial shade of nothingness,
whih only the ignorant mistake for
landmarks along the way. There should
be education of substance and utility
not of theory and solutions of insoluble
enigma. Instruction should not be
poured into a child's understanding with
a funnel, but dropped into it with the
careful hand of the husbandman, sowing
the seed that by-and-by produces golden
fruit, and fills the garners of the world
with things of use and worth to men.
Lycnrgus, anxious for the right educa
tion of children, makes little mention of
learning, but much of valor, religion,
prudence and justice, placing them at
least above the arts and sciences. The
oldest son in Persiau succession of roy
alty we aro told, wa, as soon as born,
delivered to enunchs, whose charge it
was to keep the body healthful. After
he came of seveu years, he was taught
to ride and go hunting ; aud at fourteen
was transferred to the hands of four of
the wheat, moat teuperate, just aud
valiant of the nation. The first was to
instruct him iu religion the second to
be always upright and sincere the
third to conquer, his appetites and de
sires aud tho fourth to despise all dau
ger. Aud Flato prescribes this disci
pline to propound to children questious
upon the judgments of men aud their
actions ; ond I remember iu Xenophou
where Cyrus got a threshing when at
school for giving a false judgment, in
deciding that the small boy ;ith the
long-tailed coat shout d give his garment
to the large boy with the short-tailed
coat ; whereas the justice of the case
was that no one should have anything
forcibly taken away from him that is his
own.
Right individual education, is im
pressed not with the weapon of force,
but is worked with tho wand of love.
St. Augustine s lya : My love is my
weight; where it bears me thither I go "
and love lendj a radiance to every ac
tion of our lives. In the German legend,
a young mau sits sketching an admira
ble landscape. Behind him, is the fiend
in human resemblance, noting . every
motion of his hand, each emotion of his
face. Satan, after watching him awhile,
cries You are iu love !" " now do you
know that ?" replies the youth. " I can
see it," he answered. The fiend was
right. Love evokes the highest art and
geuius of the soul, and keeps the fiend
away till the "better angels" of our na
ture touch the canvas of our lives with
glowing colors of unfading hue. And
the exemplars of other times-the good
and great how these pictures linger
still in the silent oratorio of the soul,
where we do reverence to them as the
days and years go by with unfaltering
faith and trust. What length of life or
vicissitude of time will make us forget the
timid boldness of the loving Rutb, and
how she won her husband-prinoe by the
artless loyalty of a sweet and loving
heart; or grand old Paul, and how he
won his plane foreaiost in the files of
time " by undaunted courage and in-
trepid faith; or, lookiug backward over
the flight of years to-night, as we hold
ourselves kneeling at our mother's knee
in the long ago, her sweet hands tracing
out to us the percepts of the good old j
Book of God her soft-toned voice like i
songs of the redeemed and saved in
heaven, comes floating down the years
and into the little hour in which we now
live, with cadences of love and hope.
So, we conceive, should education of
the individual be directed, its first and
controlling impulses given at the fire
side, where our laws detain the child
man during the most impressionable
reriod of his life, and these evoked and
impressed by love in right methods of
instruction and discipline. So taught
and trained, the school and college may
take up energies already directed, that
will grow not downward into oblivion,
but upward and outward into God's pure
sunlight, to blossom and bear fruit
through the ages.
Industrial education is more or less
the results of individual education in
practical forms and the mechanical arts.
Philosophy tells ns of the two sub
stances in man body and spirit. The
soul works out all the forms that please
the eye and the useful things that min
ister to the senses of sight, and sound
and feeling. The most wonderful in
strument in the creation of these mira
cles is the hand. One has said: "Man's
superiority ever animals is not altogether
in the something called a soul, but iu
bringing round the fifth finger and mak
ing a thumb opposed to the other four;"' i
and on this right angular meeting rest 1
all architecture and art that have embel
lished the oenturies. The haud ! Think
for a moment what a mighty instrument
it is t It built Babel aud Cheops, and
the Colosseum and the Atlantic cable.
So minute and nice its craft that for
ages the Geneva vase was considered a
solid emerald. ?ou will linger till I
tell the legend: It was supposed to
have been presented by tho queen of
Sheba to Solomon, and was the same
cup out of which the Savior ate the
last supper, and it was sure death to
any who touched it, except to a Catholic
priest. Napoleon captured and carried
it to France, and the scholars of the in
stitute decided it ' was no stone at all,
but a curious work of the hand. Cicero
relates that he had seen the Iliad written
on a skin so that it could be folded up
in a nut-shell. Nero u ring hod a gem
upou it through which he watched the
sword-play of the gladiators, and, no
doubt too, the faces of the Roman beau
ties who graced those inhuman butcher
ies with their presence. The Damascus
blade could be bent poiut to hilt and
put into a scabbard like a corkscrew
and bent every wiy without breaking,
like a lady's neck taking tho set of her
now bonnet in a pier mirror.
Think what men hare been skillful
with the hand: Washington the sur
veyor, Lincoln the rail-splitter, Hugh
Miller the stone-cutter, Burritt the
blacksmith, Henry Wilson the shoe
maker. The hand is artist, poet, builder,
Miisiciau. Hunt threw; away the brush
and rubbed his paints on aud off his
canvas with his " wonderful thumb."
Michael Augelo carved. Theodore
Thomas executes his multiform min
strelsy with the hand. Napoleon used
to say his army was his outstretched
hand. We give the hand in love aud join
it to its mate in marriage. We hold it up
iu our courts of justice to mark the sol
emnity of our oaths. Jt plants the land
mark, casts the . ballot, affixes the seal
of office, passes title deeds, aud, accord
ing to Leibnitz, affirms the Christian
doctrine of the soul's immortality when
it puts the eigu manual to the" last will
and testament. Like the hand on the
dial, it may be a golden or an iron one,
but if a true one it points to what o'clock
the rfoul is as the time goes by.
Industrial education preserves and
keeps the harmony between the spirit
and body. Tho soul rarely develops in a
musty old cask of a body. Proper soul
development is the attendant of physical
development. We are not speaking of
athletic development of the body, but
tunctioual development. The memory
of the muscle has ingenuities aud per
formances as widely useful and wonder
ful as those of the mind, and its culture
is equally elaborate and manifest.
Farming, weaving, type-setting, naviga
tion, hammering, building, knitting, by
these we live, and are fed, and warmed
and clothed. Mind and muscle are the
science and art of the world one teach
es to know, aud the other to do. In this
department, too, lies the whole domain
of political economy one important
branch of which we hear so uiui'li, ubout
these times, is values. It ia conceived
that society cannot cutiuue if the con
sumer become ii jjre.it excels of the
producers. And it has been stated, rs
our present condition iu this respect,
that every ten men are supported by the
exertions of some one else than them
selves. To prevent the waste that these
ten consnmeis are constantly causing,
and keep the d tily running expenses of
mankind to their daily receipts, may or
may not be a fanciful speculation; but
we do know that he who creates no
values in r community by his industry
or knowledge, does the greatest benefit
to that community when he dies. In
this country, where a man is rich to-day
and poor to-morrow; where ruin rushes
over the land like geologic cataclysms,
and tumbles the magnificent merchant
and buncombe banker alike, under the
sliding ice - boulders of baukruptcy;
where even the largest estates are
dissipated, almost universally, iu
the first generation, it is neces
sary to carve, or chisel, or ham
mer, or saw, or build, or plant,
or sow; and it is necessary to do these
things with active brain and the hand of
skill. The proper element of the times
is restless activity. Labor reaches out
through the morniug-red and sets the
dazzling hill-tops all aglow with fires of !
industry, covers the earth with a green j
and gorgeous mantle of agriculture,
studs it with radiant gem? of art, moves
its countless .wheels of manufacture,
erects here, there, everywhere the tro
phies of the miud, and carves out the
imperishable columus of the soul.
Political education is that discipline of
miud and oulture of arts aud handicrafts
of which we have beeu speaking, and
whatever else we may conceive as neces
sary to fill out the true measure of
American citizeuship. We caunot pause
long, for here again the field is wide.and
its horizon sweeps still outward from the
eye.
By proper citizen education the sym
metry and perfection of government is
to be attained and perpetuated to future
generations. Private virtues are the
sure guarantees of public morality.
That many men are losing the discipline
and morals of behavior and religion, aud
thus failing of the highest education, is
one of the most alarming symptoms of
the degeneracy of the times. This has
caused more bankruptcies, more defalca
tions aud wider ruin than any one
cause in the whole long list of reasons
assigned. This is the slumbering tiro
seed out of which the lighted flume It aps
and clasps in fatal glow the princely
business house and the commodiou',
happy home. We are accustomed to
contemplate with pride tho land' that
gave us birth ; but no institutions are
safe, no empire secure that rests uot on
the virtue and integrity of - the masses.
Our growth and resources are the ad
miration of mankind ; but our athlete is
young, yet, compared with the gray-haired
centuries of the orient. May we
not prefigure the future, all radinut
with horizons of hope, built upou with
private virtues and public morality,
towering up into tho high culminating
point of religion and patriotism, at once
the temple and fortress of our civiliza
tion ?
But we would have still further, as
the complement of a symmetrical and
powerful education here, bkill in public
affairs, and capacity to solve questions
of public and general interest and im
portance. Our statesmen, so it seems,
are not competent to settle many of the
important questions of the times ; and
iu the living issues that agitate the
j masseH, it is according to the genius of
I our institutions, and is one of tho pecul
! iar objects of our organism, that the
private citizen shall have aud exercise
a controlling influence iu affairs. We
j ore a nation of sovereigns who sit in
judgment every day upou the actions
of our fellows. ? Do Tocuue-
! ville said over forty years ago, that
j scarcely any political question arises in
! the United States, which is not resolved,
sooner or later, iuto a judicial question.
! Hence all parties are obliged to borrow
j iu their daily controversies, the ideas
' and even language peculiar to judicial
proceedings. Aud yon will readily nee
I how the jury box extends this habitude
: to all clashes, and familiarizes our popu
I lations with the spirit and ideas of the
! laws. And thus the very structure of
our polity, makes these acquisitions not
merely possible, but facilitates their at
tainments and brings questions of im
portance to the State down to the indi
vidual for solution and r settlement.
With this skill and capacity acquired, the
too olten imperfect remedy by statute,
would be suspended and rendered un
necessary. How the ballot-box shall be kej t
steady on the waves of public opinion ;
...1. 1 i:..a: i i . 'n
the overshadowing questions of Cathol
icism ; how labor aud capital are to be
harmonized, and strikes and mouopolies
dealt with ; thepe are pome of the ques
tions thnt project themselves upon the
times, sud cast their lengthening
shadows out upon our future. Citizen
education is our rock and fortress of
defense for these, and tire gates of hell
shall not prevail against it. Fixed on
this foundation, the fabric of our great
ness will stand out like a pyramid upon
the rounding centuries, and the storm
bands of the ages may strike but shall
not shatter down its massive strength.
Aud now, ladies and gentlemen, I
have enclosed the triangle and built
upou its area with what strength I could.
I hope I have in some email measure at
least, succeeded iu making manifest the
right lines of direction in the wide and
important domain of "inquiny ; that
correct individual education begins with
the child at the fireside ; that prudence,
virtue, religion, justice and utility,
should not be made subordinate to text
books ; that definition and rote-learning
are aa inscriptions on the facade, whie
things, exemplars and actions are the
foundations, columns aud key-stones of
the edifice. That industrial eduoation
is the mechanical product, bo to speak,
of this discipline, that it is mind infused
into matter soul projected into the arts
aud handicrafts, creating values out of
the soil, and wood, and 'gold, and iron
of the planet ; the very apotheosis of
labor. That political education com
prehends these, and further includes
whatever goes to complete an American
citizen ; that private virtues make
publio morals, and that the masses nre
to be killed iu public affairs, and edu
cated in State-craft. For this and these,
the laws are handed down from judge
to jury, not in tablets of stone, but in
inscriptions ou the hearts aud lives of
men. For this the messengers of
thought and help aro wafted out of every
morning breeze from printing-press and
publisher to drop in every vill and
hamlet of our laud " thick as autumn
leaves iu Valambrosa's bower. " . Ft r
this the electric wires thrill with the
heart-throbs of the world, aud ti e
courier lightn:ngs " in their passage
through the skies."
Individual, industrial and citizen edu
cation, these are the caryatides that up
hold aud. support the government of
the fathers. Let either of these move
out of their appointed stations aud the
continent will be filled with the noise of
the falling ruins of our fabrics and the
i broken furniture of our capitals. Let
I these remain, aud our government will
remain, our flag will remain, surmount
; ing with its triple gkuy the kingliest
j dome of the ages, and sending its thnn
deifioods of light aud peace over the
horizons of the world, to the last syllable
I of recorded time.
Governor McCrearj ami the Miner; .
Without recourse, nays the Fraukfoit
(Ky.) Commonwealth, we print the fol
lowing incident connected with a trip of
Governor MeCreary: It appears the
Governor was traveling on a railroad
train, and sat down in a seat whose other
half was occupied by a rough, uucouth
looking strauger, who appeared uot in
dispowed to engage the Governor, who
wds unknown to him, iu conversation.
In his efforts iu that direction the stran
ger drew from his pocket a handful of
gold coin, and announcing that "thar
wos no better stuff to keep a feller goin'
iu this 'ere couutry," he jingled it in a
self-satisfied way.
" It does have a pleasant look," said
the Governor, nailing in his usual bland
way.
" Yes," she's good reg'lar-built shi
uere and I've got a few more of the
same sort," paid the stranger as lie
pulled his vet up and showed a belt
around his body that whs puffed out with
gold coin.
"Ain't no better to be found in till Col
orady," ejaculated the stranger with an
innocent chuckle.
Tho ostentatious way iu which the
stranger paraded his wealth, and which
had already attracted the attention of
other persons in the tar, suggested to
Governor MeCreary the fatherly idea of
warning the stranger of the danger he
ran iu thus exposing his money to pub
lio view.
My friend," said he, " you may be
a long ways from home and not fully
aware of the great hazard you run in
showing your money to people. You
may be robbed by some desperate vil
lain who may even now be watching
yon."
Tho stranger widened his mouth in
broad grin, and reaching both lianas
back under his coat, he drew out aud
displayed to the astonished governor a
couple of navy sixes, loaded to the muz
zle, remarking as he did so;
" Wal, no, I guess not not while
these 'ere pups know how t burk. You
just bet !yer pile they won't keep still
when a feller calls for that little lot o
gold. I'm wus nor a mad bu flier or a
Rocky grizzly when my dander is up."
The Governor thought he wus sufti'i
eutly advised.
Items of Interest.
A cultivated ear An ear of corn. .
If your dinner bell hns lost its clapper,
you can still have your napkin-ring.
Ropes used for hoisting in mines are i
now made at Oaklaud, (Jal., from sheCpTr
eutrails.
The United Stales troop were sup
plied with 8177,444.71 worth of tobacco
last year. ". . .,
Where should a lady go for a hus
band? To" a gentleman's .furnishing .
store, of course. v
Shavings bank would be a more ap
propriate name for some of those de
funct institutions.
"Talking to her husband in a loud
tone of voice " is punished by sending a
Persian wife to jail for thirty days.
A Chicago woman has applied to be
appointed a constable, despairing of
ever catching a man in any other way.
According to Mr. P. T. Baru urn's owu
figures he has Bold since he began his ,
business of amusement no less thnn 83,- .
000,000 worth of tickets.
The Paris Figaro prints a gasfltter's '
bill as presented in that city : Looking
foraleak( two francs; finding it, three ,
francs. Total, five francs.
"Alcohol will clean silver." "Yes;" I
remarks the Cincinnati Saturday Night, '.
"alcohol well stuck to, will clean out, ,
all the silver you have got."
A Lowville boy took a hot brick to "f
bed with him to keep his feet warm. I
They saved the boy aud the house, but ,
the bed was reduced to awhes. ,
" The bright lexicon of youth," in
which " there is no such word ns foil,"
does not seem to be a very popular
dictionary in the mercantile community
just now.
Philosophers hay that closing the eyes '
makes the sense of hearing mora acute.
A wag suggests that this accounts for (
the many eyes that close m our churches
on Sunday p.
" Truth lies at tho b ittom of a well." .
We have often verified this by looking -down
into a well aud seeing Truth's
honest countenance in the smooth wa-
ters. Worcester Prese.
If you put two persons iu the same
bed-room, one of whom has the tooth
ache, while the other is in love, you
will find that the person who has the ,
toothache will go to Bleep first.
A single orange tree in the Azores iu y
one year produced twenty thousand
oranges in a tit state for exportation. The . 1
Azores send every year to. London more ,(
than two hundred thousand boxes of
oranges.
Newton did not labor half so hard,
with hand uud braiu, to discover the
principle of gravitation, as the ingeni
ous compositor labors iu over-spacing to
get a fat paragraph. Cincinnati Break-
fast Tabic,
A lassie wrote to a young man she had
taken a fancy to : " Come and meet me
in tho gloaming, John," and when the
time came John wasu't there. He sub
sequently explained that he cjuldu't '
find such a place.
" What is the best remeeJy," aaskd
preicher of a shrewd observer, " for
an inattentive audience ?" " Give them
something to attend to," was the signi-
ficient reply ; "hnngry nleep will look
up to the rack if there is hay in it."
That the Suez canal is proving 8 suc
cess is shown by the steadily increasing
business it is doing. Iu 1871 1,4'.)4 ves- f
sels passed through, payiug $5,777,2i0 ,
in tolls ; in IMTli the figures were 1,457
and$5.9!4,.WJ ; iu 1877 1.663 and SO,- .
552,279.
Fuoility of communication' in having
great effect on' tho people of British
India. Those who never went ten miles
from their native villages now go all
over tho, country and their minds be
come liberalized and freed from caste
prejudice. . i
The country is getting so full of edi
tors that eveu luck itself can't dodge all
of them. Jim Timmons, of the Perry s
bnrg (O.) Journal recently drew
horse iu a rattle that has made his mile
in three minutes in a box-car. The
most remarkable feature of the affair to
the profession is, how did Jim happen
to have a dollar to iuvest in the ticket.
That's where the luck comes in. lircal;
J'ant Table.
A person recently met u lady who is
distinguished as having been four times
a widow, and has now again entered the
bonds of matrimony. Said tho friend :
" I think I once had the pleasure of
diuiug with you in Nev York?"
" Wheu ?" asked the fair stranger. "In
ISC)," he replied. "Yes." he said
reflectively, "it may have been so, but
I had forgotten it. You see," she added,
" it was two or three husbands ago."
A correspondent wants to kuow of a
smarter New England woman of her
years than Minn Myra Granger, of
Greenwich, Couu., Beventy-two years
old, who plauted last Rummer, hoed,
cut up, bouud aud hulked two acres of
corn, which yielded 1(1(5 bushels of ears
also husked Beventy -two buhhels for a
neighbor, raised a good crop of potatoes,
planted aud tended au acre of beuus, has
sawed her wood for the w inter, and be
tides all this, has been out washing.
There is a gamin in Chicago, who is
full to the brim and running over with
the spirit of this commercial age. Ther
was au alarming runaway one Friday
afternoon recently. The horRes attached
to un exprets wiigou tore down Dear
born street, throwing out the driver,
scattering the packages and creath
cousternatiou in the crowded thoron
fare. Close behind the team w
newsloy running as faat as he cot
shouting, " Iai", Jrev, f'l,!
of the ruuawu.v,"-"
-in i