Xhe Somerset Herald.
.TtW.tHEI 1SDT.
ijYrms ot" Publication.
Pul,;j.ied every Wednesday morning at
. jvr nnnaax if pnld in advance, otherwise
v invaruil'ly Ix-charred.
v ut-riptt.m will be dixcontluued ontll
'" ... noiifv u when subscribere do not
kf out tl'eir P1!- wtu responsible
tWu'.wniitioii.
bribers removing from one postoffice to
,-lt-r bould give u the name of the form
- ns the present office. Address
The Somersct Herald,
boxsBsrr, ra.
CF in U Jr.,
YnuK.vtv NOTAKY rCBUC.
" Kouiersut, I 'a.
t,ftTlj.evi0.ffroth A nuppel.
"". I- MKYEItS.
1 ?l AT1VU.N EV-AT-LA W,
fit
n,H,ti-g fwiursev, l iun a.
. ... 'ni.liiiir. 2d floor.
. . :, , ,.iirutcd to his care will be at-
..uu'-J o'nu pmuipUHi and ndclicy.
"""TVllAY. C. V. WALKER.
iY.Y i WALKER,
tlT'iUNEYS-AT-LAW,
and NOTARY I'lIttlC,
Hiiuersi-t, Pa.
(,s,T011,.iU-Court Houxe.
Ki) li. StT LL,
" AriVlwM-.-AT-LAW,
No. 170 Fourth fcU, rituburg, la.
J.
ULTtKEY,
. ...... . - . , . -
A 11 OKA LI-AI w ,
Somerset Ta.
fflirt r'''-'K'r"6 L,K,k Store.
11
r.XKVKV M. llEKKLEY,
A 1 1 OIt- t
Soiuitwl Ta.
cy i: Kir-t National Iluuk.
A.
1. HOLP.EKT,
AiTOKNtl-Al-IVW,
Somerset, I'a.
ofl;,x. ith John II. Ufa.
. v. ii'i;l" IJ. StT'LL.
It ATToiiN t Y-AT-LA W,
Sximertict, Pa.
ti:i i. w. wi:seckeh,
J1 A Tl'O I N E Y - A T-LA W,
Somerset, Pa.
0.'tivi!i Printing House IUiw, opiosii; Court
ll..u-c.
J.
it. scorr,
A 1 iuKX KY-AT-tA W,
Somerset, Pa.
1- J. KOOSF.K,
A 'lTo UN E Y-A T-LA W,
NiiihthH, I'a.
W. II. KOONT7- J. G. CKiLE.
KnoNTZ OOLE,
All oliN t YS-A r-LAV,
NtUH-rM-t, Pa.
V, I'- -ive prompt attention to business cn-t--j-'.-A
ln.-ir caniiiSuiiiersclatidiiujouiiUK
cminii.f . oitiee in Print ilouoe Row, oppotsite
l.itusiri linuse.
valentine hay,
AITOUNEY-AT-LAW,
Somerset, Pa.
Vi iKsileriu U.nl Estate. Will atU'ud to
,! t.ui.s entrusted to uii-carv lib prompt
nun ndflity.
TOHN H. IHL,
fj AT lOUN EY'-AT-LA W,
Somerset, I'a.
W ill prompt!- attend to all business en-truM.-U
to him. Money advanced ou coilee
ti..!!", i-. OIli'i' iu Mammoth lilock.
JOHN O. KIM MEL,
ATi'OliN E Y-AT-LAW,
Siiieret, I'a.
Will attend to all business t-utrusW to bis
rare in h-.iii. rwt aim adjoining cvuntini, with
I ,nia 'lliw and ll.lelll.v. OIlieeMt Mai u t rot
-L'o f C.il.ti' oroccry More
Jams rut; ii.
ATTORN EY-AT-UW,
(Somerset, Pa.
.fl'viii Mammoth LliM-k, up titairs. En
Uaiier on Maui Crow Urol CoiK-ctions
uii. lf. tmu n-ttl.tt. titl. rxaiiiiuei.aiid all
WaiiwiiKK alteutled lu With prouiplueas
aiiw UtK-iily.
A. J. O 'I-lKiKX. L. C. lI.lioRN.
( & COLNOUX,
J ATI URN EYS-A T-LA W,
Moiuert, la.
A',1 :.u-:n.-s entrusted to our rare will be
pt.niiplit and tailliluliy atumued to. 0ll
tifiwuiade iu foiiirrl, lh-dlord and adjoin
iim 1-..UUIKH. Kurxeying and oouveya:ieing
flout- ou reuomitilc term.
UL 15 A Ell,
, AiTuRXEY-AT-LAV,
SomerM t, Pa.
Wi;l pranUv in Somerset and adjoining
toUlllKn. All l.UMllet elllrusU-d to bllU W ill
ivixivt pn:u t iilleiiliou.
A. H. U.KKKoTIL W. 1L RI PPEL.
I H & KUPl'EL,
j ATTuRNEYS-AT-LAW,
hiomerset, Ta.
Ail l.uiti.-Nf entrust.-d to their -are will be
-.!;; ua puueluaily attended to. Otliee
eu Ma'iu Cros tiwt, opposite Mammoth
t.k.
V. t AUOTIIEIlS, M. I).,
I'UVsK TAN asuM'RUEoN,
SomerMct, la.
(.iSk-e on Patriot Sirv.-t, near R. R." Station.
,lit eallK at olliee.
DIL 1. F. HIAFFEIi,
1'iHMUAN iNUrt'IWtXlS,
Somerset, I'a.
T.-U'l.-rs his professional wrvin ti the citl
i n ul Ninii iv-t and vifiuily. oihce next
Gwr to otuuivreial Hotel.
D
tiii-.-.
j. m. i.oiTiu:rs
PHYSICIAN ANUSlTWEOS,
eon Vaiu street, nsrof Iirug store.
1)
IL H. s. K I MM ELL,
T.-.Irs iiis proft-ssiofial ser-iees to the citl
znr iii nnrrf and Kinity. Vnlesw pro
I'ssi.maii j i-iia.-.l lietn Im-found at hi ol
tKf ua Mam 1-ist of liiamoud.
DIL J. S.MrMII.LEX,
iraduate in lo-ntistry.)
ives spn-ial attention to the prewrvation
of natural hfth. Anitieial s ts in.Tt'-d.
Ai. 'i-raii':j. euarantn-d sat is tie ton.-. Itii-e
in ua-n. ui ..x. r 1 II. 1-HVis A Co'a lore,
corner Mam Cns a.iu Patriot tntln.
C. h . roFFKoni,
Kuneral Director.
i:!i.t. t; Main Cross SL IR-siionw,
3V) Patriot St.
. P.
J. F. Beaei v
Real Estate and Collecting
Agency.
1 rs..:, wiliiiiK to bur or sell uirmsol town
I'r "" '' it. Soinerwt is'unty or els -hrr. are
' ' 1f- 1 i''-aH at our otliee in Kn.-pT bl.K-k.
I'n.'iipt att.'iituin wiil t- gixen to all mall ui
.('iirii r.-fiardiii pn.-e and loeati.in ol pn.s
r.y. i i, use ii a tn.ieetit stamp to lre-
I' atisaer.
6 Eli.EK & lit-.Al 11 1 ,
Knepper ltioek.
Somerset, I'a
Oils! Oils!
o
t'-f At'antic lleAiiing ('o Tittnliunf IepRrt
nx nt, htMmix. I-. nuike peeiMy of
wiiiuuietiiniig f..r the Ifctmevlie
trade llie fiuet bratuda of
laminating & Lubricating Oils
Naphtha & Gasoline,
lt run be nutde from IVtroleum. We cbal-l'Trtiouijcj-ion
with eery known
Product of Petroleum
If j-oq wlb the Diwt uniformly
Satisfactory Oils
IX THE
American Tarket,
f'T our. Trade for Somerset and vicini
ty supplied by
COOK A EEKUITS and
t'UKAKE KOOSEK,
buinerael, i'a.
1
n
YOI. XL1Y. XO.
-THE-
First National Bank
Somerset, Penn'a.
-o-
Capital,
Surplus,
S50.000.
SI 8,000.
OCPOCITSRCCCIVCDIN LARGE ANDSMALl
AMOUNTS. PAYABLE OH DEMAND.
ACCOUNTS OF MERCHANT, ".
STOCK DEALERS. AND OTHERS SOLICITED
-DISCOUNTS DAILY. -
BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
LaRUE M. HICKS, GEO. R. Stl 1.1,
JAMES L. PIXiH, W. II. MILLEl's
JOUN R. SCXJTT, RoBT. S. SCI LIj,
FRED W. BIESECKER.
EIWARP SCl'LL, : : PRrHEr.
VALENTINE HAY, : VICE PRESIl'KNT.
UARYEY M. BEUKI.EY, . CASHIER.
The funds and seeuritte of this bank are se
curely proU-cted In a celebrated Corliss ItfR-
cuk Pkikif Safk. The only safe maae noso-lutelj-
burglar-proof.
Tie Mml CcMv National
AN K
OF SOMERSET PA.
Established. 1877.
Orftitlztdut National, 1890
-O.
$50,000
CAPITAL,
SURPLUS AND UN-
DIVIDED PROFITS 3it,UUU.
Chas. I. Harrison. Prest.
Wm. H. Koontz, Vice Pres't.
Milton J. Pritts, Cashier.
Directors:
SAMUEL SNYPER,
JOSIAH SPECHT,
JuIl.N If. SNYHER,
WM. ENHSLEY,
JoNAS M. tKlK,
JOHN ST IK FT,
NOAH S. MILLER,
JtiSEPH B. KAVIS,
HARRISON SNYI'ER, JEROME STl'KFT,
BAM. B. HARRISON.
rnstomers of this lnk will receive ll.r most
lilM-rul tmttment consistent withKafehaiikiuif.
Partle wlslilli(T to nelltl money east iirll
can le a-o:nmoaau-a iy arau tor biij
alnouiit. Moitev and valuable tavtired by one oi ine
ildV relebraU-J ;ifes 'ith most improved
time lc-k. .
Collection made In all parts or the tnitra
Stat.. Ctmryes miMlemte.
Accouutaaud depooiui aoiicitea.
Wild & Anderson,
Iron & Brass Founders,
Engineers and Machinists and Engio
Guilders.
-Mauufac-turiTH of-
COAL CAR WHEELS and AXLES.
New and setuml-liaiul Maeliinerr,
Shaflinir, Hangert am! Pulleys,
Injectors, l.llln imtor-s il
I'u us, Kir.
ERECTING OF MACHINERY A SPECIALTY
Strictly First-Class Work Guaranteed.
Shop on r.roa.l St., near I..V O. Ik-jh.I
Johnstown, - - Pa.
m ART AMATEUR.
Best and Largest Practical Art
Magazine.
(Tbe ouly Art Periosteal awarded a Medal at the
World' Fair.)
Inmimd-U lu all irAu In fviir IMr Urintt wt
. or 1 1 m-ltr ttu ir hum Um'jnl
FOR lUC. we 1:1 end to anyone I AC
meulK.uu f thin publication a .pei '111
nwn citnv a ith fciiiR-rti eolor pia'e I 1 I
(iorenr'V'DKO-Irauiine ad a upp!e X. S
tnentarj ot dolyiu (regular price
Sit). Or
FOR 25c.
we will send also "Painting
lor Beginner ('JU lgcs.
MONTAGUE MARKS, 23 Unin Square,
New York.
ARTISTIC JOB PRINTING
A SPECIALTY.
IIAIUIY 31. BEXSilOFF,
MAkUFACTURlHQ STATIONER
AND
BLANK BOOK MAKER
hannam aLoci.
V
Johnstown, rl
Pa.
- 8.
That
Tired Feeling
So common at this season, U a serious
condition, liable to lead to dims from
results. It is a sure sin of declining
health tone, and that the blood is Im
poverished and impure. The best and
luost successful remedy is found ia
HOOD'S
Sarsaparilla
Which makes rich, healthy blood, and
thus gives strong; h to the nerves, elas
ticity to the muscles, visor to the brein
and health to the whole body, la
truth. Hood's Sarsaparilla
Makes the
Weak Strong
Be sure to get Hood's and only flood's
Hood's Pill3 re purely vegetable, l
bctlT harmless, always reliable and benefn-.
Campbell
AND
Smith
Do you read oar advertise
ments in all the l'ittsljurgh Daily
Papers ? If not. do so. It will pay
you, and the indueeineats offered
will pcrsmde yoa cither to visit
our Great Dry Goods Establish
ment, or order by mail.
You will find we always have
the goods just as advertised and at
the price named.
We have G9 DEPARTMENTS
all up to date in style, and contain
ing goods at lower prices tlian you
can find them elsewhere.
Departments:
Carpets,
Curtains
Furniture,
Cloaks,
Silks
Dress Goods,
Gents' Furnish
ings, Laee Goods,
Art Goods,
Neckwear,
Crockeij,
Hou se Furnish
ing Wash Goods,
Linen Goods,
Domestics,
Millinery,
Ladies' Under
wear, Ladies Hose,
Trimmings,
Linings,
Infant's Wear,
Small Wares,
Umbrellas,
Parasols,
Shoos,
Corsets.
Toilet Goods,
Our NEW TRUNK DEPART
MENT is a great Success. Why?
Low Prices.
FIFTH AVENUE,
Between Wood & Smithfield Streets,
PITTSBURG. PA.
i Jacob D. Swank,
Watchmaker and Jeweler,
Next Door Wet of Lutheran Church,
Somerset, - Pa-
I Am Now
prepared to wipply the public
with Clocks, Watches, and Jew
elry of all descriptions, as Cheap
as the Cheapest
KEPAIIUXG A
SPECIALTY.
All work guaranteed. Itk at my
tck In-fore making your
purchases.
J. D. SWANK.
A. H. HUSTON,
Undertaker and Embalmer,
A GOOD HEARSE,
J ever) thinr pertaining to funerala furn
ished.
SOMERSET -
Pa
omer
SOMERSET,
AMERICA.
My country! 'lis of thee,
Sweet land of liberty :
Of thee I 8l iit.
Izind where my fathen died !
Ijind of the pilgrims' pride !
From every nionntnln Hide
lx-t freedom ring.
My native country tli'.
Land of tbe noble, free.
Thy name I love;
I love thy roeksand rill.s,
Ttiy wimmIh and templed hill .
My heart with rapture thrill
Like that above.
l-t inu-iic swell the hreexe.
And riii from all the tree
K-H-t freedom's son .
Iet mortal tinKUe awnke;
I-et all that brelhe partake;
1-t nx k-s their nilenee brink.
The sound prolong.
(Mir Cithers tiod! to thee,
Author of Iliierty
To thee we sln;
Jmx may our land le bright
With fn-edom' holy liKht;
1 'rot eel us by they might,
tinut U.hI! our Kinu.
A GLIMPSE OE PIONEER LIFE.
Some of the Hardships and Privations
the First Settlers of this Region
Endured.
In the Issue of the 1Ikkai.ii of April
17th the one liunlreltli anniversary
of the passage of the Aft of Assembly
renting tlie county of Somerset was
pulilisheil an article lriefly wttini?
forth all of the roconKsl data relating
to the organization of the county, the
various townships and latrotighs, and
such other authentic inforinatioit as
could he collected relating ti the set
tlement of this region.
With the exceptions aWve noted, tlie
early history of Somerset county can
lie as faithfully and concisely written
as was the historical treatise on
"Snakes in Ireland ."There is no
snakes in Ireland."
It is true that newspaper were es
tablished in Somerset a few years fol
lowing tlie erection of the county, hut
reference to them fails to reveal much
of local historical interest. Their col
umns were filled principally w ith for
eign intelligence (three or four mouths
old) and w ith the proceedings of tlie
general assembly of the common
wealth and of the congress of the
United States.
From its earliest days Somerset coun
ty has leen one of those trampii! locali
ties that furni.-h very little of historical
incident Its growth has 1 teen gradual as
is the case with all agricultural regions,
and we believe that the facts warrant
the statement that the development of
the county has lieen greater since it
was penetrated by railroads (oi) years
since) than took place iu the previous
half century.
Present indications, however, jxiint
to even a more rapid development of
our hidden mineral resources, and it
will lie surprising indeed if tlie next de
cade does not witness more startling
changes in the character of our indus
trial and social conditions than any that
have heretofore taken place.
In a strictly historical sense the lives
of those who preceded our immediate
forefathers in this locality are entitled
to little consideration. They contrib
uted but little to the civilization of the
generations follow ing them and left but
little that to-day can lie regarded as
worthy of imitation.
Tlie time is opportune, however, for
taking a retrosjiective view of pioneer
life in this region iu order that it may
lie contrasted with the manners and
customs prevailing in these latter days
of the nineteenth century.
An early settler says iu tlie Aiiuri-
... t. a . If; a,
cun rionecr: .v more intelligent,
virtuous, and resolute class of men
nevwr settled any country, than the
first settlers of Western Pennsylvania;
and the women who shared their suf
ferings and sacrifices were no less
worthy. Very many of the early set
tlers were professors of relieion. It
was common for families to ride from
ten to fifteen miles to meeting. The
young jieople regularly walked five or
six miles, and in summer carried their
stwkings and shoes, if they had any,
in their hainls. I Ulieve that no
houses of worship wero erected in tbe
country until 17.). Even in the win
ter the meetings were held in the ojh-I!
air. A grove was selected, a log pulpit
was erected, and logs furnished tlie
audience with seats. Among the men
w ho attended services in the winter ten
were obliged to substitute a blanket or
coverlet for a great coat, when one en
joyed the luxury of that article. So
great was the destitution of comforta
ble clothing that a highly resiH-ctahle
citizen, whose presence was required as
a magistrate, could not attend court
w ithout first borrow ing a pairof leath
er breeches from an equally rcsjiectabltf
neighlior who was summoned on the
grand jury. The latter lent them, and,
having no others had to stay at home.
The scarcity of clothing will not seem
surprising when we consider the con
dition of the country at that time, and
that most of these settlers brought but
a scanty supply of lelding ami cloth
ing with them. Their stock could not
lie replenished until flax was grown
and made into cloth.
The lalior of all the sctth rs was great
ly interrupted by the Indian war. Al
though the older settlers had some
sheep, yet the increase was slow, and
the country aliouiided with wolves. It
was therefore the work of time to secure
a supply of wool. Deer-skin was a sub
stitute for cloth for men and boys, but
not for womeu and girls, although they
were sometimes compelled to resort to
it Tlie women had to spin and gen
erally to weave all of the cloth for their
families; and when the wife was fee
ble, ami had a large family, her utmost
efforts could not enable her to provide
them with any thing like comfortable
clothing. The wonder is and I shall
never cease to wonder that they did
not sink under tiicir burden.
liev. John Doddrige, who was one of
the idoiieer of western Pennsylvania,
and whose son Philip (said to have
been born in Stonycreck township,
Somerset County) was in later years
the pride of the Western bar, tells this
utory of the hardships the pioneers en
dured:
"The acquisition of the indispensa
We article of salt, iron, steel, and cast
ings, presented great difficulties t the
set
ESTVBLISPIED 1827.
PA., WEDNESDAY, JULY Ji, 1895.
first settlers of the western country.
They had no stores of any kind no
salt, iron, nor iron works; nor had they
money to make purchases where those
articles could lie obtained. Peltry and
furs were their only resources before
they had time to raise cattle and horses
for sale in the Atlantic States.
Every family collected what peltry
and fur they could throughout the
year, for the purpose of sending them
over the mountains for l:irter. In the
fall of the year, after seeding time,
every family formed an association
with some of their iio ghlmrs for start
ing the little caravan. A master driver
was selected from among them, who
was to lie assisted by one or more young
men and sometimes a boy or two. The
horses were fitted out with pack sad
dles, to the hinder part of which was
fastenHl a pair of hobbles made of
hickory withes. A W.-ll and collar or
namented his neck. Tlie bags provid
ed for the coiiveyamvof salt were filled
w ith feed for the horses. On the jour
ney, a part of this feed was left at con
venient stages on the way down, to
stiplort the return of the caravan.
Ijirge wallets, filled with bread, jerk,
Uiiled ham and cheese, furnished pro
visions for the drivers. At night,
after feeding, the horses (whether put
into pasture or turned out into the
woods) were hobbled and the bells
were iciied.
The barter for salt and iron was first
made at Ilaltimore; Frederick, I lagers
town, Oldtowu and Fort I'timU-rlaiul,
in stweession liccame the places of ex
change. Each horse carried two bush
els of ahiin salt, weighing SI lls. to tlie
bushel. Tiiis, to be sure, was not a
heavy load for the horses ; but it w as
enough, considering the scanty sul
sistence allow ed tlu iii on the journey.
The common price of a bushel of alum
salt at an early period was a cow and
a calf ; and, until weights were intro
duced the salt was measured into a
half-bushel by hand, as lightly as jmw
sible. No one was permitted to walk
heavily over the floor while the opera
tion of measuring was going on.
It would npiHtir from I lev. Mr. l).d
dridge's statement that ltedford as com
pared with tlie more remote settle
ments, had during the revolution In
come in a degree civilized. His de
scription of the primeval furniture of a
cabin related to the new settlement in
the Monongahela country, but as the
almanac makers say, will answer
nearly as well for other places in the
same latitude :
"The furniture for the table, for sev
eral years after the settlement of this
County, consisted of a few pew ter dish
es, plates and sjxions ; but mostly of
wooden liow Is, trenchers, and noggins.
If the list were A-a.ee. gourds and
hard shell squashes made tip the defi-
ieney. Tlie iron jxits, knives and
forks were brought from the east side
f the mountains, along with the salt
and iron, ou jwiek horses.
These articles of furniture eorrcs-
jHinded very well with the articles of
lict on which they were employed.
"llogand hominy" were proverbial
irthe dish of w hich they were tlie
components parts. Johnny cake and
iHine were, at the outset of the settle
ments of the country, the only forms of
bread in use for breakfast and dinner.
At slimier, mush and milk were the
tandard di.-h.
In our whole display of furniture,
the delft, china, and silver were un
known. They did not then, as now,
require contributions from the four
tiarters of the glolc to furnish the
breakfast table, yet our homely fare ami
. . a. J .. . .
unsightly cainiis, ami luriuture iin
duccd a hardy, veteran race, who plant
ed the fir-t footsteps of society and civ
ilization in the immense region of tlie
west.
Iwell recollect the first time I ever
saw a teacup and saucer, ami tasted
coll'ec. My mother diet I when I was
ix vearsof age. My father then sent
me to Maryland with a brother of my
gran liath?r, Mr. Alexander Wells,
to fchool.
At Col. l.rown's, in the mountains, at
Stonvcrcek (Hades, (lot l(;chard
ISrowifs in Ilrothersvalley township),
I for the tirt time saw tatrfe geese; and
by bantering a H't gander, I got a
severe biting by his bill and Iteating
bv his w ings. I wondered very much
that birds so large :ml strong should
lie so much tamer than the wild turk
eys; at this place, however, all was
right, excepting the large birds which
thev called geese. The cabin and its
furniture were such as I had I teen ac
customed to see in the liackwoods, as
the country was theh called.
At lied ford everything was changed.
The tavern at which mv uncle put up
was a btoiie house, tnd to make the
change still more complete, it was plas
tered on the inside, Uith as to the walls
and ceiling. On going into the dining
room, I was struck villi astonishment
at the appearance of the house. I had
no idea that there w:ts any house in the
world which was nut built of logs; here
I looked around tht house and could
see no logs and above I could see no
joists. hetlicr suc-h a tiling had been
made by the hainls of man or hal
grown so of itself, I could not conject
ure. I had not the courage to inquire
anything aUut it AVhen supper came
on, "my confusion vvas worse confound
ed." A little cup stood iu a biggerone
with some brownish looking stuff in it.
which was neither Jmilk, hominy nor
broth ; what to do w'jth these little cups
and the little p"m la-longing to
them, I could not U jl ; and I was afraid
to ask anything concerning the use of
them. ',
It was in the time of the war, and
the company were (giving accounts of
catching, whipping and hanging the
tories. The word jail frequently oc
curred ; this word I had never heard
Ufore, lut I soon discovered, and was
much terrified at its meaning, and sup-
tioscd that we were in much dai:gerof
the fate of the tori ; for I thought,
as we had come froi.ji the back woods,
it was altogether likely that we must
be tories too. For) fear of being dis
covered, I durst Inot utter a single
word. I therefore V, at died attentively
to see w hat the big ffolks would do with
their little cups ami spoons. I imitat
ed them, aud foum.l the taste of the
eotlee nauseous beyond anythin
had ever tasted In! my life. Icontin
ued to driuk as tbe
rest of the company
n
rt
did, with the tears streaming from my
eyes; but when it was to end I was at '
a loss to know, as the little cups were
filled immediately after lieing emptied.
Thiscircumstance distressed me very
much, as I durst not sa v, I had enough.
Ijookiug attentively at the grown jK-r-sons
I saw one man turn his little cup
bottom upwards and put his little
spoon across it. I oliservcd that after
this his cup was not tilled ag.iin ; I fol
low his example, and to my gr.-ut sat
isfaction, the result as to my c.ip was
the Mime."
The iiitriHluctioii of delft ware was
considered by many of the backwoods
people as a culpable innovation. It
was too easily broken, and the plates of
that ware dulled their scalping and
clasp knives. Tea ware was t'o small
for men; it might do fr women and
children. Tea and cofftV wire only
slops w hich iii the adage of the day
"did not btick by the ril." The idea
was they were designed only for x-o-ple
of quality, who do not labor, or the
sick. The geiiuiue luck wood mi mi
would have thought himself disgraced
by showing a fondness for these slops.
The town of 1 '.ed lord was laid out ly
order of the governor in June, ITtsi.
For a considerable time after the town
was laid out, the inhabitants had to go
upward of forty miles to mill. It was
then an undertaking that occupied
sometimes two weeks, those taking
grain having to wait until others be
fore them were accommodated. The
first mill was built near the town by a
merchant named Frederick Naiigle,
doing what at that day was -il!.l a
large business.
For many jcal's lied ford was the
principal stopping place forall jktsoiis,
and particularly the packers going
from I he east to Ft Pitt. All govern
ment stores, as well as gnxi-ries and
goods of every description, were fr a
long time earrii-d west on pack hor.--s.
One man would sometimes have under
control as many as a hundred horses.
For the protection of these, guards hr-d
always to be supplied, who accom
panied them from one fort to another.
liedfor.I always furnished its guards out
if that class of the malitia in service at
the time they were required. Thce
guards traveled with the packers
guarded their encampments at night,
and conducted them safely acros the
Alicghenics to Ft. Ligouicr, wet of
Laurel Hill.
At the oiiiiiieiKvmeut of the revolu
tion the county of lied ford furnished
two companies w ho marched to llos
ton; and although but a frontier coun
ty, at a distance from the principal
scenes of excitement and points of in
formation, contained as much of the
patriotic spirit of the day as could be
found anywhere. A meeting was held,
composed of farmers and the most siili
stantial citizens, who entering fully
into the spirit of the revolution, p.issvd
resolutions prohibiting the hitr.Nluc
tion and use of every artitle of foreign
manufacture.
Among the prominent citiz.-ns of
that day who lived at and ab.mt lied
for.I, were Thomas Smith, who held
several appointments under the Oov
crnment, and was afterwards a judge
of the supreme court, ti -a. Arthur St.
Clair, who was the fir-t prothoiiotary
of the county, Ucorge Woods, county
surveyor, under whose instructions the
city of Pittsburg was laid out, Thomas
Coulter, Colonel lavidsoii, and Thom
as Vickroy, who afterwards in lsT.I
laid out the city of Pittsburg.
Although the inhabitants were from
the time of the iir-t settlement con
stantly on their guard against the In
dians, yet the principal troubles com
menced at the breaking out of the rev
olutionary war. A frontier life at that
time was one constant scene of strife
and danger, liedford county -was at
that time the Allegheny, frontier, and
her inhabitants were, consequently,
cxjNsed to the full force of savage fury,
and severely did it often fall up ii
them. . The following incidents of
thW times are wi ll authenticated:
Alioiit December. 1777. a number of
families came into the forest at lied
ford from the ncighWhood of Johns-
town. Amongst tliem were .-annici
Adams, a man named Thornton, and
one llridges. After their alarm had
somewhat stilisided, they agreed to re
turn for their property. A party start-
d with pack horses, reached the place,
and not seeing any Indians, cotlcci'si
their property and commenced their
.turn. After proceeding some tlis-
mce. n doir beloii 'iii ' to one of the '
arty slow-e l sigin of uneasiness, and
ran back, llridges and Thornton .1. sired
the others to wait whilst they w ould go
back for him. They went back, and
had proceeded but 21 or ."iNi yards,
when a Imdy of I ndians, w ho had leeii
ing in wait on each side of the way,
but who had lieen afraid to tire on ac
count of the nunilxT of the whites, sud
denly rose up and surrounded them
and took them prisoners. The others
not knowing what detained tlu ir com
panions went hack after them; w hen
they arrived near the spot, the Indians
iir.1 on them, but without doing
any injury. The whites instantly
turned and fled, excepting Samuel
dams who tok a tree and U-gan
to fight in Indian style, in a lew
minutes liowever, he was killed, but
not without doing the same fearful
service for his adversary, lie and one
of the Indians shot at and killed each
other at the same moment When the
news reached the fort, a party volun
teered to visit the ground. When they
reached it, although the snow had fal
len ankle deep, they readily found the
bodies of Adams and the Indian; the
face of the latter having bjen c ivered
by his companions w ith Adams' hunt
ing shirt
A singular circumstance also occurcd
about that time in the iieighborh d
of what Ls now New Ilaltimore. A
man named Wells had m dj a very
considerable improvement, and was
esteemed rather wealthy for that re
gion. He, like others had lieen forced
with his family from his home, and
had gone for protection to the fort. In
the fall of the year, he concluded to
return to his place, and dig his crop of
potabx-s. For that purp.se he took
with him six or seven -men, an Irish
servant girl to cook, and an old plow
horse. After they had finished their
job, they made preparations to return
, to the fort the next day. .in was
era
greatly disturb?: by a droam which
portended no good and before break of
! .1.... !... ..!.... 1 nn ll, ...r
and started off, the others followed as
soon as it was light enough to set.
11. -fore they had gone far live Indians
arise from tiehiad a tree and approach
til them. Tlie men who were with
Wells fled, and lie would have follow
ed them, but the Indians were so close
it was useless, lieing a very swift run
ner ami thinking it "neck or nothing"
be threw his gun, which was useless,
in the face of the Indians and dashed
olf after his companions. The In
dians pursued him, and when tlu-y
thought that he would escape they ail
tired on him at one:', and every bullet
struek, but without doing him much
injury, or retarding his flight Soon
after this he saw where his compan
ions had concealed themselves; and as
be p issed, he Ivgged them to fir- on
the Indians and save him; but they
were afraid anil kept quiet. He con
tinued hi-flight, and after a soort time
overtook the girl with the hors. She
quickly tinder-tood his iHngcr and
dismounted instantly, urging him to
lake her place, while she would save
herself by concealment 1 1' mounted,
hut without a whip, and for want of
one could not get the old hor-ie out of a
trot. This delay brought the Indians
upon him again directly, and as soon
as they were near enough they fired;
and this time with more efl'i-ct, as one
of the balls struek him in the hip and
lodg.sl in his groin, lint this saed
his life it frightened the horse into a
gallop, and he escati.il, although he
siul'i-red severely for several mouths
afterwards.
The Indians wt-re afterwards pursued
and surpri-t.il at their morning meal;
and when fired on four of them were
kiSUd, but the other, though wounded,
made his estiiic. llridges, w ho wits
taken prisoner, near Johnstow n, w hen
Adams was murdered, saw him come
in to his people, and describ.-s him as
having shot through the chest,
w ith leaves .stiill'.il in the bullet holes
to .-lop the Weeding.
TIIK SKO.M Ito.M) TIlKol .II THK
(lil'NTY.
Col. James Saiith, who figured pro
minently in the early history of West
ern Pennsylvania, thus descrilies the
opening of a road through this county:
"In May, 17V, the provim-eof lYun
svlvania agreed to send out ."to men,
iu order to cut a wagon road from Fort
Louden, to join llraddock's road, near
the Turkey foot, or three forks of the
Yoiighiogheny, (Confluence's. My
brother-in-law, William Smith, Esq.,
of Conoeoeheagile, was appointed com
missioner to have the oversight of
these r.id cutters. Tlie road went on
without interruption until near the
Allegheny mountain, when I was -ei.t
back, in order to hurry up some
provision wagons that were .n the way
alter lis. I proceeded down tbe road
as fur a, the crossings of the Juniata
where, finding the wagons v..,v turn
ing on as last as possible, I returned
up the road again towards the All.-
gheny mountain in company with one t
Arnold Viguras. AUmt four or live j
mill aUoc liedford, three Indians
had made a blind of bu.-ht s, st-ick in
the ground as though they grew
naturally, w here they concealed tht-m-s
lv.s, a!out fifteen yards from the
road. When we came opposite to
them, they lirnl upon us, a: this short
distance, and killed my fellow travel
ler; yet their bullets did not touch me.
Milt my horse, making a violent start,
threw m .; and t'.i - f ndians imni'iliate
ly ran up and t-mk me prisoner. The
one that laid hold on me was a Conesiau
ga; the t:tlu-r two were I V'.awares. ne
of the ui could sjn ak English and asked
me if there were any more w hite men
coming after. I told them "not any
near that I knew of." Two of ilu.se
Indians st-xxl by me while the other
scalped my comrade. They then set
oil", and ran at a smart rate through the
woods, for aUmt fifteen miles; and that
night we slept on the Allegheny moun
tain without lire.
Smith was carried by the Indians to
Ft IhajUi use, w here hewnscomiicllcd
to run the gauntlet through two long
lines of Indians, tieating him with
clubs, throwing sand in his face, and
scarcely leaving the breath in bis Ixtdy.
He was there at the time of llraddock's
defeat, and witnessed the horrid cruel
ties inflicted by the Indians upon the
prisoners taken at that time. He w as
afterwards taken into the Indian coun
try west of the Ohio, and there, with a
grand ceremony of painting, hair pul
ling, and washing in the river by the
hands of eopp.T colored nymphs, more
kind than gentle, he was adopted as
one of the Caughnewago nation. He
remained with them in a'.l of their
wanderings for several years, until, by
way of Montreal, he was exchanged
with other prisoners, and relumed
home in 17ii.
SoMKKSirr ix Tin: WUIsKY INM'K
KKtTION. Somerset County, (then a part of
liedford) took a conspicuous part in
tlie Whisky Insurrection of 17:il-'.M.
The Province of Pennsylvania, as
early as 17o, had looked to the excise
on ardent spirits for the means of
sustaining its bills of credit The
original law, passed to continue only
ten years, was from time to time con
tinued, as necessities pressed upon the
treasury. During the revolution the
law was generally evaded in this region,
by considering all spirits as for ilmie
tie um; such King excepted from
excise; but w hen the debts of the revo
lution liegan to press upon the states
they Ueame more vigilant iu the en
forcement of the law. ( ipposition arose
in Western Pennsylvania at once.
Liberty pales w ere erected, and p Mple
assembled iu urms, chased oft" the of
ficer! appointed to enforce the law,
tarred and feathered some of them,
singed their wigs, cutoff the tails of
their horses P"t coals in their Ixxits
and compelled others to resign. Their
object was to comieI a repeal of the
law, but they had no idea of subverting
the government
The pioneers of this region, descend
ed as they were from the people of
North Britain, Ireland and Holland,
had come very honestly by their love
of whisky; and many of them had
brought their hatred of an exciseman
directly from the old country. The
insurgent followed, as they supp scd,
til recent example of the American
WHOLE NO. 2202.
revolution. The first attempt of the
Ilritish parliament the very cause of
flu revolution had W-cii an excise
law. There was nothing at that day
disreputable in either making ordrink
ing whisky. X: temp.TaTKv s-x-ieties
then existed; to drink whisky was as
common ami honorable as to eat bread.
Distilling was then esteemed as moral
and rcpectahlcas any other business.
It was early commenced and extensive
ly carried on in western Pennsylvania.
Then- was neither home nor foreign
market for rye, their princiial crop;
the grain would not licnr packing
across the mountains. A horse could
carry but four bushels; but he could
take the product of 21 bushels iu the
shape of alcohol. Whisky, therefore,
was the most important item of remit
tance, to pay for their sait, sugar and
iron. 1 In- p'ople had culiivatcil their
land for year at the x ril of their lives,
w ith hub or no protection from the
federal government; and when, by
extraordinary cllorts, they were ena
bled to rai.-e a little more grain than
their immediate wants required, they
were met w ith a law restraining them
in the liU-rty of doing what they
pleased w ith the surplus. The people
of this region, therefor, regarded a tax
on whisky in the same light as the
jx'ople now would regard a I "nitcd
Stat-- tax on lard, jxirk or flour.
It should a'so lie remembered in this
connection, that the new federal gov
ernment was but recently organized; its
powers were but little understood o'l
ihe frontier; and the ix-eph- of this
region generally, for the previous
twenty years, had Im-n much more in
tl.t ;,:.!':( of opposing a foreign govcru
iue:t, tl.aii of Mislainiitg one of their
own.
In or.L-r to allay opposition as far as
jmssible, men of the most des rvi d
xip;t!ar;ly Were i;pxii:ted to collect
the excise, f "apt Wt listt r, a hero of
the revolution and a wealthy citizen of
S HitiTset, w.-i- appointed excise otli.vr
for ".-.Iford county. It was with much
difliculty th.-.t be was indu. i d to accept
the otliee, so unpopular was the law.
Tier public mind in Westmoreland,
Washington, Fayette and Allegheny
comities was in a very inflammatory
state, and as a result a numlx r of out
rages were committed iqxiik the excise
othVcrs. In June or July, 17'l, a com
pany of l"n men from Westmoreland
county men marched to Smcrct and
captured Capt. Wcl-stcr. They txik
his commission from him and made
him promise never again to act as a
colli ctor of excise. An attempt was
made by some of tbe party to fire his
hay .tacks, but it was prevented by
others. They marched homeward,
taking Wei st r a few miles. Seeing
him very submissive, they ordered him
to mount a si. imp, and reieat bis
promise never r.gain to act as collector
of excise, and to hurrah three tinu-s
for Tom the Tinker, alter w hich they
iiis.::is.ied him.
The opposition to the excise became
s strong and the ri-U-Ilious spirit so
alarming that the president thought it
necessary to forward an
si-'.ing i f l",o M from the
army con-ca-t
This
army was commanded by I Sen. Iee, of
Virginia. S -i-n-tary of the Trea?ury
Hamilton aU went to Pittsburg, and
stopp.-d over night i'l Somerset with
Capt Wel-fter. The army reached it
destination in NovciiiUt, but met with
no oiuiositio!! ar.l shed r. h'.d. A
nuintx-r of the leaders of the insurgents
tv.i I . . 1
j among them Herman iiusoaiei aim
ltoi-cr. Philson, of Somerset d unity,
were arr-s-fed and sent to Philadelphia
for trial. Hti-lraiid died in prison and
Philson was discharged. In the spring
the tnxips wire withdrawn, order had
l-ecn fully restored, the law was ac
quiesced in, and business resumed its
wonted course.
a iMfsnti: wi:!.pix;.
It is pleasing, after the detailsof the
hardships endured by the firs! settlers,
to contemplate the more pcatvful and
convival seems of the cariy pioneers,
as drawn by the gruphie pen of liev.
Mr. Dxldridgc.
For a long time after the first set
tlement of this country, the inhabitants
in general married young. There was
no distinction of rank, and very little
of fortune. )n these accounts the first
imprisslm of love resulted in marriage; i
and a family establishment cost but
little laixir, and nothing else.
A welding engaged the attention of
the whole ncighlxirhixxl; and the frolic
was anticipated by old and young with
eager expectation. This is not to 1-c
wondered at when it is rememlx-red
that a wedding was ah.ii-st the only
gathering which was not accompanied
with t!u-lab T of reaping, log roiling,
building a cabin or planning some
scout or campaign.
In the morning of the welding day
the groom and bis attendants assem
bled at the home of his father for the
purpose of reaching the mansion of his
bride by 1100:1, which was the usual
time for celebrating the nuptials.
Let the reader imagine an assemblage
of p.nple, w ithout a store, tailor, or
manfuamaker, w ithin a hundred miles;
ami an assemblage of horses w ithout a
blacksmith or saddler within an equ al
dlta:uv. The gentlemen dressed in
sht;e-packs,mocca.sins, leather breeches,
leggins, linsey hunting-shirts and all
home-made. The ladies dressed in
linsey iK-tticoats and liuscy or linen Uil
gowns iarse shoes, stocking, hand
kerchiefs and buckskin gloves if any.
The horses were ca par isoned w ith obi
saddles, bridles or halters, and pack-
siiddles: a rojK or string as often con
stituted the girth as a piece of leather.
The march in double tile was often
iiitcrrtinted bv the narrowness and
olistriictionsof our horse-paths as they
were called, for we had no roads. When
the lKtrty were alxiut a mile from the
place two voung men would single out
to ran for the bottle. The worse the
path and the more obstacles the way
afforded the IkHUt opp irtunity for the
display of horsemanship. The English
fox race, in point of danger, is nothing
to this race for the bottle. The start
was announced by au Indian yell;
logs, brush, muddy hollows, hill and
glen, were speedily ptissetl by tlie rival
x;iie. The bottle was always tilled
for the ocCAsion, so there was no need
for judges; the first who reached the
d.Kir was presented with the prize,
with which he returned in triumph to
the company. At the head of the
troop, he gave the bottle first to the
groom and his attendants and tle ti to
each pair in the line in succession.
The ceremony of tbe marriage
preceded tin-dinner, w hich wasa sub
stantial tmckwoods feast of Ix-ef, xrk,
fowls, and sometimes vvnison and Ix-ar
meat, with plenty of cabbage and
potatoes. During the. dinner the)
gr.a!e-t hilarity prvvuik-d. At'T d':!
iht thj dtaciii' e i:.iai .'-.i'-.' I an I
g:i -rally la 1 until th? n -t m ra -
iiig. The fiur-A-of th d tne. s wet.;
thr.u ami four-hatid.-d reels, cr w-uare
rtts si:d jig. The ccmmMiecmi t:t
wj.- always a :piare four, folluwcd by
w hat was called "jigging it oil";" that
is, tw o of the four would single out for
a jig, end were followed by the remain
i:ij crjp'.e. Tii- Jig wvre often ac
companied by what wa-i called "cut
ting out;" that Is, when either of the
parties liccame tired of the dance, his
plan w as supplied by some of theeom
jiaiiy without any interruption of the
dance. "In thi way a dance was often
coiitiniieil until the musician was
heartily tired of his situation. Towards
tbe l-it'er part of the night if any of
the company were caught do.ing, they
were dragged 0:1 to the fl i-ir and tie
fi.i Iler ord r.sl to play "Hang out till
morning."
About " or 1) oViock a deputation of
young Iadi stub- oT the bride and
put Iter to Ix-d. In d..ing this it fre
quently happened that they had to
ascend a ladder ins' cad of a pair of
stairs, leading from the first floor of
the building to the loft a!i'.e. This
done a deputation of young men in
like manner stole il the grixim and
plaeed him simglv by the side of bis
bride. The dance continued, but in
the midst of 1 he hilarity the bride and
gr.xmi wen- n-t forgotten. "Ill.uk
ll tty," the name of the Ixittle, w as
called for and scut up the ladder; but
sometimes "black Hetty" did m-t go
alone. I have many times seen as
much bread, Ixi f, p.irk and cabb-nfe,
sent along with her, as would att'ord a
gixxl meal for a half-ilo'-o hungry
men. The young couple were compel
led to eat and drink of whatever was
oflercd them.
It often happened that some licigh
Uts, or relations, not Inking invited to
the welding, tookoifeni-e; and the mode
of revenge adopted by them on such
occasions, was that of cutting off I he
Itta'.ics, f.i'et; ps, and tails,.!' the h..r . s
of Ihe wedding company.
On returning to the infare the ra
for the Ixittle W:ts tin- same as lie fore.
The fea-siing and dan. ing often lastnl
for several 'lays.
Should I le asked why I have pre
sented this unpleasant ;ortrait of the
r-.lde Planners of our forefathers I may
I m turn ak my rea t -r, why are you
. ..i .. :?. !.;...,.:.., ..f 1 .....1
j.lt .is, mill il.t iii.ii'iu? ... i.'
carnage of lw tiles? Why are y ou de
lighted w ith the fictions of ix-try, tlie
noel and romam-.- ? I have relat d
truth and o;,!y truth, strange as it may
scitii. I have depicted a state ofsM-i.-ty
and iiiauiiers which is f.t-t vanish
ing fr.ni the memory of man, w ith a
view to give t hcy o.ith of owi" iicuntry a
knowlid';.-of th ' adancagis of civili
zation, and to uic contentment to th
aged by prevent ing them from say ing
"that former tinn-4 were U-llt-r than
the present""
The First Settlers.
Prior to 17!" the territory now em
brainl in the County of Somerset com
prised the town.-hip of Ilrothersvalley,
iu the County of liedford. The first
assessment made in ll.olhersvalley
township wa in 177, and the list cf
names therein contained comprises.
I with erhapsa few extvptions, all of
tiiesettU-rs located ia this region at
that time. The assessment Is reeordul
iu liedford and the fuilowing Is a ir
rect copy:
Abraham Henry, Ambrose Fruler
iek, Adams S.mu-.-l, Adams S-iioiuon,
llrowu Itichar I, !. ; ! - Jofiti, llaxter
John, Il.eude Ludwick, Ileiiacli Chris
topher, lligg llenjamin, Cractirt Wil
liam, Clayp4.1e James, Ivefer Fmlerick,
CauipU-ll James, Cable Abraham Eq.,
Cattsi John, Kefir M:ch;el. Hu.-band
Herman, Drake Oliver. Dougherty
James, Dwvir William, DiMingcr John,
Kalow.s Henry, Knlows Jo!m, Estep
Kolicrt. Flick Adam, Fisher Jacob,
Furguson John, Friend Andrew,
Friend Augustine, Frowman Paul,
Flick Micba-I, Friend Charles. Friggs
John, Fry John, Oh-ssntTJohn.Oreeii-walt
Joseph, On-athou-sc William,
Oreene Thomas, Hite Walter, Hull
Mic!i:e!, Ilogland Kit-hard, Hindrtx
Andrew, Jennings Hciijamiu, Johnson
William, Kcssing.'r Solomon, Kemble
Philip, Kimballfiti)., Laut Valentine,
Latit Daniel, Markley John, McMillen
James, Mt'hv William, Miller John,
Ogle Joseph, Poleli Adam, Poleti Fran
t is, PursIeV John, lurley lle!i.ia:nin,
Pursley Da vies, Peters John, Khoads
Henry St., Hhoads Jacob, Rlucids
fiabriei, liieuels Henry, Klioads John,
ll-.iil John, Kice John, Kase Cut lip,
Kibinsoii Hugh, Sheaf Frederick,
S wiser John, Sappitigton John, Small
Adam, hells IVistion, Sjx-uti r James,
Skinner Xatliaiiu-1, Sinclair William,
Smith Henry, Shute Solomon, Tyshoe
William, Vaun Abraham, U rev Thom
as Wagaly Philip, Wcimer Frederick,
Weinicr John, Wells Kit-hard, Wells
;-gc, Wiiite Ac.piilla, Weasel John,
Wingard Peter, Waller Thomas, Wal-
11 Samuel.
Then followed the names of th-e
who.il w e presume wero sing leuieii :
Mathias Ditch, Thomas Stinton,
John Pen roil, Feli x Morgan, Frederick
A -re, Jante Winter, James Purley,
Nicholas Friend. Kichanl Palchut,
Ephraini Tapy. Martin Kefer, Janitst
M.xre, Frederick Vandivx, Kdwanl
firiiiies, Samuel Worrel, Jar;es Wells,
Peter llx.ker, I.tidw iek Crtviiwait
(Jabr'aT Abraham, James lllaek,
Henry llruner, fui.rge itruncr, John
Riwinaii, C:isper Stoy, Joseph Jen
nings, Francis Hay, James Hogland,
John Hendrix, Edward Henderson,
William Harkia, Edward Higgius,
Mathias Judy, .lolm Sinclair, Ocorge
Shidlcr, Henry Shidler, Ja mb Wingert,
Attewell Worrell, Kit-hard Wells
Thomas Ogle, Daniel Parsley, John
Hiiikbatlgh.
The I'll taxable alxive mentioned
were undoubtedly the first settlers in
Somerset county. Some of them had
Ut n here less than a year, and Uit few
for more than fl vts-y ears. Among them
were many who had served iu the
wars against the French and Indians.
All were then subj.-ct of King f ieorge
III, and but thru- or four years later
they were active participants in the
war for freedom and national inde-lx-ndeiiee.
Other familiar S imerset County
names are found am n the taxable of
liedford township iu the same year,
as follows: John Hite, John P.awser,
i.nrge Keller, Je rgj Lichteti'icrger,
Samuel Mi Ketisie, Frederick Nawgle,
Jacob Savior, William Trent, John
CoseUvr, Adam Croyle, Hugh Simp
son, John Diliert, Oeorge Kautfniaii,
David 1VU, AlexaiKlerCtxik.
All of the altjve were owners of from
n xitok) acres of land each. Sme
had a many as i) acres under cultiva
tion and owned as many as three horvi
and five cows.