Yerra of Publication.!
fhe Somerset Ilcralil,
bltohwl my Wedneeday tnormiig at ! i
aaam, W I1 to K1Mn : otharwl. Ml
matiftto wUl ba 4Uwomooed nUl aH
pUd p. Poataaaeier neglecting
Jwfc- mm WUto
JdrppHrtUbfceMrPn for the b-
c.trttn remc-rtaf " Portolne to an-
iBonldglreBatb. hum of the former m
The Sonnet Herald,
AT IVKIf EY-AT-L A W, J
Somenet, Pa. i
KOOSEIi.
ATTOKSET-AT UV,
Somenet, Pa.
HOWE R.PCHLU
fc ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Somenet, Fa,
S ENDS LEY.
nXTURK EY-AT-LAW,
- Somenet, Pa.
TRENT.
ATTORNEY- AT-LAW,
Somenet, Penn a.
SCULL.
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
r j.rniTTS,
Ah ATTORNEY-AT LAW.
4.U- Sumenct, P
0o, up Mammoth Bloc.
J
OHS R. SCOTT,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Sooienet, ra.
. tfarc In tb Coort H All bnMnM eotmrt
JvbUmn attended to with prompt we and
ideiity.
'. JLCOFKBOTH.
W. H. Kt 1'PEL.
r VFFROTH & RU1TEL.
(j ATiVKNEYS -AT LAW.
fill b.
A" .i .-MnmUT attended U,
TEi. Mala CTom aurtet, oppe!u the
KmluBlooa.
TTJ KCOLBOKK.
Ull ATTOKN E VS-AT-LAW.
. m v..i.. Intro tcd n onr care will be jmmpt
"h,Sto0..11eciio.mfle In S.n
MedfJrd and.djotolnt: Coumiea. Carrey
ST SoveVix tlntdwonreawnabletrma
T01IN (X KIMMEL.
,1 A'rT01iNEY-ATiAW,
" Somenet, Pa.
wm.timidtoan ba!nei entrurted to .! M re
Will attena h ,,, iM h nr.w j.
1!?.Xt. ImwMaiBCro-ft'reet
R.
F. PATTltRSOX,
ATTOR ZY-AT-LAW,
Somenet,
Alllflneeiitra.tei to hi eare wil
tenii wwith promptir and fidelity.
Pa.
be at-
H
ENUY F. SCHELL,
ATTV-'KN EY-AT LAW
Bty and Fenrtoa Atroot, Sutw met,
tittif. in Xuuw" lilack.
Pa
"IfALENTlNE IIAY,
ATTORN EY-AT-LA' .f
And 1H1 -t Ral Eute, Sr t. P
atwnd u, all bof ioea eotrafted w 1J i rare
prutnptoew and Udety .
will
Willi
JOHN
II. UHU
ATTOKN EY-AT-Ia VW
Sn itenet, r...
Will-promptly attend U all rrt Inesa entrtwte.1
U him. Money ail Tuned ua eoll actions, ate. Ot
aoe in Mammoth Uaildiutf.
JO. OGLE.
. ATTORNEY-J T-LAW,
Somemet Pa.,
Proieaeional bo"lor entrof d tn mj can at-
ttti tm with prompcoeai ai a nunujr.
w
ILLIAM II. KOOXTZ,
ATTVKI'EY.AT-LAW,
Aionuenet, Fa
ir HI rtn prompt itteetVoa to tm rlneaa entrust-
jd te bia can la tximereei aaa aojo uum
IMBoe la rnntina llotw. aiow.
JAMES L. PUGII,
ATTOBNEY-AT-L W,
, . Sotoenet. Pa.
OfBee, Mammoth Blotk, op atawa. Entnnee,
Main On. atreet. OoUeetlooa made, eetate
aettled. title examined, and aU leaal buainea
attended U with promptoeM and twenty.
HL BAER,
. ATTOENEY-AT-LAW,
Somenet, Pa,
W1U praettoehiRiiwiw-aetaBdadjolnlnireonntlf
AllbaaliMaacotraBtedBo him wiU be promptly
attended to.
ISAAC HUGUS.
ATTOKXEY-AT-LAW
Somenet, Penn a.
aprtlSK
DENNIS MEYERS.
ATTOKJCEY-AT-LAW
Mnmeraet. Penn'a
All legal bnaineea tmtrweted to hi can will be
attended te with prtwitnea and fidelity.
Offlce In Mammota block next door to Boyd a
draa Mora,
apri
H
HOWARD WYNNE, M. D.
jonxsTowx. rExrA.
ru vtb Cm Car. Non and Throat
Kneetal and LxrlnoiTa nracUea. Honre. A. to
Vr. a. LAther A Green Block, a Main bt.
DR. WILLIAM COLLINS,
DENTIST. SOMEKSET, PA.
Office hi Mammoth Block, a bore Boyd" Dreg
Eton, when be ean at aU times be fimrvd priar-
ed to do all ainaaoiwora. eacu u
latiag. oxtraeang, he. ArUncial teeth of all kloda,
and of the beat material Inserted. Operation
warranted.
LARUE M. HICKS,
JVSTICE OF THE PEACE,
Somenet, Penn'a.
D. X. KIMMEIJ. H. 8. KIMME1X.
DR. E. M. KIMMELL & SON
wwier thek prutewrtooal eerrice to tlw elU
M ef Somenet and rlclntty. One of the mm
ln mt Um Arm eaa a alrjime. nolea proiewton
ly engaged, be round at their office, oa Main
eet, eaat ot the lllamood.
J. K. MILLER has enna-
Uly located In Berlin for the practice 1
D;
a. W-
4 Mnra otiuoslta Charle Kriraiag-
hi pro.
er a (ton.
1ETTR&VFR trndern his-
D
R. II. 1 eerrtnea to the eltiten or Sora
urofeeakmal Othee in reaideuee on Main
net and vicinity.
atreeUweatol lb S.
'aaiond.
rJER.
A SURG EON,
D
R. A. G. MILi
PHYSICIAN
, Indiana, where
arwtn.
Ba loaxied to Sonth Bern
an ba aianaalied by wttar or a.
DR. JOHN BILLS.
BENT1ST.
USaa aboT Henry HelDey'a More, M.
atteet, Bamaraet, Pa.
D
IAM0ND HOTEL,
KTOY8TOWN. l'ENN'A.
- Thlepnpelar aad well known booae ha lately
been tkoruagbty aad newly refitted tt& all new
wad beet el laraltara, wUvcb baa tauim it a rery
deavmbleatopplBg piaoa lor the traaeltng pulilto.
Hie table aol jmaeannotbeanrpaaeed, all be
Id amoUaa, with a large public kali attached
t. the aaaaa, Ala Urge and roomy Mabl tog.
Pint elaaa boarding eaa be had at the WweM oe
aibie prtrea, by the week, day or meal.
SAatTJKL OUSTER, Prop.
S.E.Oor. Dlaaaond
Stoyatow ,Pa
? r.v
-
G
I H.
which
profit.
Admitted asd Decked!
THE ?E0FLSTHE JUDGES !
THAT
DRFAHRNEY'S -
Health Bestorer!
The great VegeUWe Kemedy. cure mora eaae
t dlaaaaeaof Ut U VEX, K1D1M fcY and KLOOU
than any ether known remedy, li eootain no
aweary, no paiaon ; la made ol the moat harm lew
yet energetic aaedlcal Kuota. Barka and hero
bfch acMnoa ha dlaoorand for
CLEAXSIKG THE BLOOD
And girtag toaa t Ue Stomach ank Llrrr. Can
"aad wHb part Ml aniety by old aad yoong . U
ill halld ap tka nan down aad orvrwotfcailMdy,
and gin aueugth and riiror to thoe who (eel
weak aad worn oat. AH mecllctM dealer aeU U.
Prepared by
MB. D. PAHKNEY A SON,
HairertowB,M(i.
CCH
. JL.lt v: ; -U LL ViL tUUilOU-o
.- ' 1 ' J ESTABLISHED, 1827. ' ; ;
VOL XXX. NO 52
i
TIIK HOSLDFAMED
BUEDETT ORGAN
19 FOK SAL.K OXLV BY
I. T. HEFFLEY,
MUSIC DEALER. S0MERSE1. PENN'A.
I jocks Hsxar HKrn.rr'a Siobk.
BEFt'RE BUTIKB Til THE BUEIETT ! : ,
"IT IS THfci BFiST!"
It Ms I wuoi H Variety, B211T7 k Price.
The com rinrtty ol the Bordett Orrana li reeofr
ntted ami cknowtedged by tin highest musical
antbortilea, and the demand f-w them U ateadlly
Incraaeiog a their merita are becoming mare ex
icnalrely kn own. Wbat everybody wante ia the
HUt r ORU AM fiw the ieaet aowxint of tnnarr :
Therefore e rytud; wanu Um BtaLDETT.
Evict O uoa OrAxavTCEB Five 1" exits.
Sold on Easy Monthly Payirmtt and Lew for CASH.
VIOLINS. IVITAIM. ACOOIUKOX8.
AX JO 3, CLAKIOXETTS. IIC
COIXJ 3. FLUTES, 1'IFES,
And in ftTeiTt1iliia: in the mnpical line.
latem and mmt ilr. lle Inatrnetim Hik for .11
The
rlra 'd. I
inmruomite on aale. I 'lank Maale Uuoka and Pa
per ul ali (lie and kind . -
SHEET MM k STRIN3S S SpsLialtJ.
Onmna Toned and Rep, "red. Mnairal Inatrao
Uon i-l'iperquaiter. Send for eatafcarnea.
SoMHtina: your order for -EvertUilna; in the
MuflraJ Uno," I am, Yourt Kespectlully,
I.J. MEFFLEY.
JSomenwt, Pean'a
ieba-tt
FASHIONABLE
CUTTER & TAILOR !
Having had many
yean ezperient-e
in all braochea of
the Tailoring baa.
t V: batia faction to all
muff Mil ntk.
on roe and favor
me with their pat-
joaafre.
Yean, Ac.,
1V31,
yr. not us riTKER,
Somerset, Pa.
mar8
WANTED. SALESMEN
To CT.nvan ftw the eale of Nuraery 8t tk. TTn
eitt4led iariliiitta. Noexperienee reuirv d. Sal
ary anJ i"-nsea paid. 600 acrea of Fi lit aad
O namraial Tree, bhruba. Kowa, ete.
AprU W. dt T. fi n IT II . Genera, N. Y.
LOW
fLo ' A '
Entire Satisfaction Gwarantccd or Money iletnded.
O'
UR enormous cales, the last
. .
StvlH ami Reasonable Prices are, appreciated. , , if Vu want
thinps that are really Good snd Cheap our establishment is theblace at
which thev are to be louncl. I'leaee
call and be convinced that we do as
Mien's Clothing :
MenB' Every-day Suits, $2.70.
Mens' Knockabout Suits, $3.00.
Mens' Worsted Suite, $4.50.
Mens' Cassimere Suits, $0.00.
Mens' Light Suits, $7.00. -'
Mens' all-wool Cai--6imeresuits,$p.25.
Men's Caseimere Suits $7.10
Mens' All-wool Cheviot Suits, $0.50.
Very Fine Dress suits in Fancy Wor
f reds, Cheviots and extra fineCas
7 Riruere trimmed with fine Serge or
Italian, from $10 to $1G.70.
Extra Fmesuits, lined with Sne Satin
OR want of space we can
our Clothing Department,
ici'ai buicuic, ,uina jivahiv.-.v .
li IW r;,Vl l!Ino
1, color guaranteed; fnde so that button may be chanjf-d at pleas-.
WOOi
ure,
WOLF'S -
One- Price Clothing ; Establi
Mtiia' Street, JOHNSTOWKPa-.
LOOK HERE!
When you oome to JOBSSTOWS.d n fall
to call at the -
NO. 3 MORRIS ST. -
TO MAKE YOUR PURCHASES!
W. keep eonatanUy ea band a full lift of good
lly kej la a Firet-cJaA ; ' :
PEOPLE'S
STORE
GENERAL STORE!
-re ill rell at a ET UW margin fur
US A CALL !
GIVE
T THEUT.
ALBEL
ZTanager.
anS3a
WOOD ?. iHS SIXTH. AVEKIIII
4i
?tj3 en jAit
..a an
WALTER WMl
nERGHAiWfMli
mm
NO. 226 LIEERTY STREET
febll
a a I if
yegetablt; oq-
j A SWefhrW.."
Prepare, hy Wi
frit nrtrm U. dkwoaMK: apMkL
knnMmetti imiiIi ranaetoa, airMr I
flrimi to tbaatfa, real pa eataaaetanmain t.
eye, and uliate ea Um pale akeak of wwaat eka trl
rowe of ii't acatec aad eertr
l ff-Ph 2itHan Uaa Hand
for atlnmx t it, aad mIIsi
That t& -n. aC bmriif do. a,
and barkach, . wayiMwaaeaUyeredbyttaa
Per tba care CMarr C. I al.HW lata at 4
': (Ala CBtaa4 U
ltbia r. main iiMtnimi
will eradicate evrrf TetAir. of fiiae troea 1
siod. and ifl ton. and etraata to ae
maa vomaaoroiUia. aa ustUW.
Both the Compound and Blood Parnr an
ttseaitttt Vetera Aveaae, Ljma, taam.
ItBcr.tt. mxbattlnfcr t. tost bytaillafjea fodj
otpUla, or otluavnzva. oaneptof ctoe, ttparblj
for .:tber. Mrs. Finkhaia fraety anawni an li
j tnantry. Aeleeact.aaia tiafi amphl
I Wn ramtly ra-mM ba wttbaaa UTDIAa PTtXBAiS
and tuvpaflava of taa BTaa.
llkytJlDrtala.'n
01
roB BALK BT
C. N. B0Y11
, DRUGGltr,
Somerset, Pa,
$661
week in Ton' own
iwa. t& owl
(tea. No rlak. rytun
OaDltal not miolrt We will
tub .rerytnia Many a)
T K.,r. .n.i .irla &ra nukliur arret bar. Head!
Ladle make apnea a me.
ir. want . hnalnea at wbieh h ean meki
rreat par all Ue time yon work. Vita lor parti
ilan TH. HAU.rrra. Co.. Portlai, Mam..
Uee.l-lr.
V 1
-o
lew wetdLeVaow-JUow our .tracuvw
. . . .. "..-
reaa -oir pnee iisi careivy, wen
we advertise. .
nnd Siik Serge, from $16-'o $25. ;,
Mens' Working Pants, 6fcents. :.
Mens' Union Pants, 72 cuts. .
MenB Worsted Pants, $140. :
Mens' Fine Worsted Pats, $2.50.
Mens' good Cassimere Pfite, $2.70
" Mens' Fine Dress Pant4$3 to $4.
Mens' Extra Fine DrM Pants,
$4to.$6., . . . .
Bova School rants, 62 ints. -
Boys' Knockabout Pan, $U0. ,
Boys' good dress Pantsil.25 to $2.
Boys' Extra Fine Pani, $2 to $3.
only enumerate a few artles out ol
save our Hat and Fornijiing Ooods
Klanno tr fimnrl ArrnT HQ1IS. ail-
..... v. T- 1 I
- - XVOLF'tl
enii
: i
EATON S BROS,
SO. 27; 11 ATEJSUE,
HITOBUXGil, PA'
1982,
OODS
..... i :
.'' v.-" 1 ''
EmbrolaVlet, Inttt, t Lry, Wkih) wdwaV, Kaa4
karchiafa, Ortsa W aaiag JUaWr. OdtrWr
Otati, latlla a laria. UaVirtav, ! '
fawto' u4 CMel aa'l CMaaAi-fawty : ' 1
Yani2kyra,att- ' ; '
. rialt efl KMt far ;' ' '
FARCY WOlKt
C-.'FC:Ci tX, tl
tccb rATaoxAAii is kaarBLTruixT
. .i .ul. '
BfOUtM BTMAK. ATTSSDSD TWITS
CAM$ Aft DISTATCB.
" , (Abwa Kanry KedBejrV wv)
l 1 '
rnnim
T A J" PwlTeCtir. ; I
- y i
nmnvr wmu
. M I
A :-,.r
MkMatM
A
aaninan ' , I
a - - a- - tEaaAiBk fl
nKnrfi riwejw
taacaaaHerar4
eaaallrpala.waa.
Auiaar A. Bogjig. j J. Borrr W aju.
H0S1IE fiUARD,
Bcctnanf to
4
SPRHsfe
NEW' G
OIaCwSRSET, pa.
SOIIERSET, PA.; WEDNESDAY. JUNE 7. 1882.
4
METHODS OP INSTRUCTION.
BY A. C HuLBF.RT.-
CHAPTER VIII.
In my school dayB. and long after
commenced teaching, arithmetic
divided into mental ana wnt
imtfcmetic These division
ere considered as separate studies.
I
rri 'oe might be able to go inrougn a
prfcrta of analysis and obtain the cor-
feet results to examples, of whose
orant ' Mental arithmetic was
de a hobby, and it was ridden to
eath. ' Now has come a reaction,
the cry is', ,no mental antnme-
ItiC. Countr supennienaeniB are
cutting iLofitlhe certi bcales, ana tne
grade is marked pimply on arithme-1
tic . . .
Books are prepared in accordance
with the new ideas. Some of them
approach very near perfection; oth
ers are a mere aovewiing ",cu
tal arithmetic with a written, ut
the new ideas are visible every where.
Whether or not an wis is wine x
shall not say. I do not believe in
having hobbies in our teacning. 1
do not believe in cultivating one
branch at the expense ot anouier.
T hv tnrned out mental arithmetic
classes of which I feel proud to-day,
but not one of thein was loswrea ai
the expense of any other study. I
am aware tnat not every ujauuer cau
truthfully Bay so much. I am aware
that for years with many teachers it
has been anuunetic nrsi, last, aim
all the time, so much so that many
teachers seemed to tbinx tne wnoie
duty of man was to teach and learn
arithmetic.
ft is not all ol lite to Know any
one branch. The reactions that are
taking place in theeducationai worm
show that this fct is being recog
nised. . . ... ,
In - retrard - to arithmetical texi
Wkn there is none which gives an
that it is desirable 10 Know; mere
can be none w.ich will do so, but
j . . , , ii
.nw n will cire the groundwork
. Here is a question which perhaps
not a man ou (earth can solve and
explain satisfactorily to ajearner by
the aid of comtion arithmetic mere
lv Sold a hose for $56 and gained
i oa mnch rer cint. as the horee cost
rwiMired tho co6t" I know of
Inn ' mode of olution, by common
) LritrimAtif Pronortion . will not
l , . rrtr. rAA vnla kalian
noucn iu r3 k""
position, f hich most persons are
low ignonut of, will not reach it,
lut this rul, will bring the answer,
and will sore any similar question.
Rnlp- MulaWv the sellinK price by
100, add 2fW to the product; of the
gum extrf t iae square rotn, aiiu
from the oot subtract 60. The re
mainder fTlhe cost If you apply
the abof rule you will obtain $40
as the iswer. How do I get the
rule? Bf the solution of a quad
ratic eqition, .
Tbereire, as you of course know,
four luiamental rules of arithme
tic, andlhe great point for any one
who ejects to make an arithmeti
cian, ifo secure perfect familiarity
with lem. I am well aware that
the mjority of pupils in our public
school cannot add, subtract, multi
ply a4 dividtj readily. Go into any
schofll and put out such a auestion
& th following: 9, 8, 5, 4, 3, 7, S, 9,
6, 5,1.2, .1, sum" and see bow many
willhave it when you pronounce
the word "Bum." Send a class to
the blackboard and give them a
Himlatouestion ' NoUce how many
offienv, wilt, run up the result on
thet fingers. iney ao mis rapiaiy,
ba it is merely counting.. It is not
lUOu. : Alalia lue vuwucu au uuu,
to . count. - The same may be
in resrard to each of the other
m. . Do not ex nee t to accomplish
nderful results in a day or a week.
Li will require months of the most
ajsiduous work. Careful drill, day
After day, ana it your ciass are new
U the business wnen you taxe noia
HI tiaem. TOUr WOra WiU uckiu w
. ' , . . , . , i e
your live months'.term.
Do not attexoDt to force your pu
pils into long ind heavy additions
at the start. You must instruct
them in the combinations of the
digits slowly, increasing your col
umns as you go on. ; At length you
will reach a point at which they can
combine all the numbers can add
them, not count them. ,
How manv are 9. S, 7, C? If a
boy can answer as soon as you end
your question 30, he can add those
numbers, but if, on the other hand,
he must begin 9 and 8 are 17," and
therr tm his fingers, "18, 19, 20, 21.
22, 23, 24 and 6 are thirty," he can
not add, and he never will be able
to add until the - sum of numbers is
suggested J by the , very number of
them. Many a boy will multiply
with tolerable ease as far as 10, but
when yon put him to multiply by
12, for instance, he uses the figures
separately. The trouble with that
boy is Bimply that he does not thor
oughly know the multiplication ta
ble, and the sooner you go to work
to drill it into him the better for all
paTticrocerned. Many of our
arithmetics give this good old table
only through the 9's. Why I do
not know, unless it is the outcrop
ping of the prevailing folly of being
eo exceedingly careful of the tender
mind of childhood. . There is an im
mense amount of routine work that
most be forced upon the tender mind
of childhood, or it will never be
done.'', I verily believe that there is
too much sentimental bosh obtaining
readv credence at the present day
The child's -mind is not going to be
ataltiniored by a lew columns more
of multiplication table, or if it is, it
was atndrpUnt too tender for
this world. The Lord may find use
for tt iti the world in come, but it
could never have amounted to any
tKSrvtr in this valeof tears.
Host, id fact ali. the tables of arith
k&i must be learned before the
cbUd Naubes fourteen or in all hu
man pix)babi.Ujr hey will never be
learaed. Putthed a it, then; keep
toom nt it, earivaod late, i ou can
not rMt to So half work. ,
Thm are a. Certain number of
racm rivm in our arithmetics which
retis a ettirf or a less knowledge
of gfAfnetry ia otiar to understand.
Ireiar to tberulssof nieTuration.
I think that CfUT authors all make a
mistake in placing these rules the
last thing in the book, it they are
to be learned as arbitrary rules with'
out reason given, they should be
learned while the child is young.
The long calculations involved will
afford a very good exercise in the
elementary rules. I really can see
nothine in tne processes ot involu
tion and evolution which is beyond
the comprehension of a ten year
old child; but the rules are placed
in the back of every arithmetic I
know of. If they are to be learned
as arbitrary rules, let them be learn
ed while the mind is plastic, while
the memory for assertions and facts
is bright I know I hav,ehad classes
whose members were not ten years
old, and they could, mechanically,
remember, extract the square or cube
root with perfect readiness, and most
persons never get more than the
mere mechanical knowledge of how
to perform these operations, they
have no conception of why. I hare
seen a class of twenty teachers fail
to write a rule for the extraction of
cube root I venture to say that
more teachers cannot do it off-hand
than can. .- ;
Decimal fractions are another
stumbling block. Why thiB is true
I cannot tell. 1 nave taught many
normal classes, and I must say that
the number of teachers that have
been under my care who could han
dle decimals readily is very small I
have had teachers in my classes who
habitually performed the operations
of per centage by using common
fractions instead oi aecimais.
My greatest difficulty with pupils
has been to get them to pay one re
t.rd to the decimal point Teach
ers have entered my classes, and my
difficulty has been fully as great
with them as with young pupils, in
fact in many cases greater than with
young pupils whom I have trained
from the start. It seems almost im
possible to conquer the habit of neg
lect in this particular when it has
once been acquired. Only the most
persistent core on the part of the
teacher can do so.
Train your pupils in reducing
common fractions to decimals, and
the reverse. There is really nothing
difficult in the subject of decimal
fractions. Anv one with an ordina
ry knowledge of the fundamental
rules ought to obtain a good knowl
edge of the Bame rules as applied to
this subject in a few hours, yet some
persons never ooiam iu
Percentage is another rule which
is easy to understand, and yet many
a teacher has not the proper knowl
edge of its first principles. "A boy
found a knife and sold it for a dol
lar. What was his sain per cent?"
A class of twenty Uaehers, some of
them having Beveral years' expert
ence, laiiea to answer idis ror inc.
Of course vou will answer it at once,
I have no doubt
Mt munition can be made much
clearer bv the use of figures and
blocks. They may be cut out of
nasteboard or wood, l ou will nnd
ft a very rood plan to have a set of
. ' -, - - ii i- t,
geometrical figures, au uiuuo u w
same scale. - ror instance, you nave
a circle made four inches in diame
ter, have squares made four inches
on the side; cones diameter of base
fnnr inches, and beieht six mcnes;
cubes four inches on side; pyramica
the same, and six inches nign. I
trust I have made the matter plain,
The illustrations of surfaces I draw
on white pasteboards, which I can
usually obtain M without money and
without price" from any merchant
I prefer the heavy boards, about two
teet long ana eigni inures wiue, tra
which goods have been wrapped. I
then make my figures mathematic
ally exact, using good black ink. I
have a set oi sucn ngures wnicn i
have used for several years, and hope
to use for many more. I also like
to have a set of such surfaces, cut
either from cardboard or from wood,
in which each surface is separate. I
can give a boy a clearer knowledge
of the reason of these seemingly ar
bitrary rules in less time by means
of such figures than in any other
way."""" " .
insist on neatness at the board.
have seen figures drawn on black
boards "which were not like any
thing in heaven above nor earth be
neath, nor in the waters under the
mw. . - '
earth" mere nondescripts, more
difficult to decipher than Egyptian
hierofflvnhics. If a circle must be
drawn, let it be a circle. If you are
to draw a straight line niaxe u so.
Just here I will aav a word lest I
forget it entirely. Theie is a patent
dustless crayon. I regard it as a
thorn in the flesh" whenever I see
it It is dustless, but it is about as
comfortable to mark with as a bone.
The common cravon answers every
purpose, and if you will enforce the
rule of erasing in a aownwara ui
rection always, you will save your
self much of the annoyance arising
from chalk duet It will take a lit
tie more time, but if you are pained
by the presence of chalk dust you
can spare the time.
I have never found any difficulty
in teaching pupils that they must
multiply length and breadth togeth
er in order to get area; nor that they
must multiply length, breadth and
Hnnth in order to et content The
former may be made perfectly clear
hvrlrawincfl executed as I have sug
gested, and the latter by means of
blocks.
The comparative area of surfaces
and the comparative bulk of solids
are subjects which used to annoy
me, and which for a long time I
found difficulty in explaining to my
pupils. Tell a reasonably well in
formed man that it will require four
half inch pipes to carry off as much
water as an inch pipe (and if you
make 'allowance for friction it will
require more), and the chances are
he, will not believe you; but start a
hole in a block with an inch bit
and set him to bore out the circle
with a half inch bit, and he will
finch a nractical demonstration
as he will likely never forget This
ia !nai th mode I once took with a
class. . Ask a boy how many half
inch squares he can cut out of a f
and a ruler-and tW & take bim
long to produce four. Cyih ex
pedients you can n a very short tiqi
cause him to know that "similar sur-
faces are as the squares of their like '
parts.
Again, ask a class of bova howi
many inch blocks they can put into
a
u uu, uu you win ue
amazeu ai ine variety of the an
swers you will receive, and most
likely none of them correct Give
. 1 .. a . a.
them such a box and a sufficient
number of blocks, and see how sur
prised they will appear when they
aiscover that sixty-four will be re
quired. So you will very soon con
vince them that ''similar solids are
as the cubes of their like parts."
I merely, mention these matters
to indicate how much may be doie
by a little object teaching" judi
ciously applied. In concluding this
subject let me again urge upon you
the importance of drill. Whenever
there is anything difficult, drill on
it, review it, hammer at it, until you
are sure that ever member of your
class thorougSlT understands it
DrilL drill,, review, review, until
there can be nothing dark. This is
the only way to achieve success;
and in arithmetic particularly, never
do for any pupil what he can do for
himself; never do so in any branch.
Aly next chapter will be on pen
manship.
Dreams and Their Condition.
Dreams are night thoughts, un
checked by the judgement and uncon
trolled by the wilL It is not true
that we do not reason in dreams,
that the exercise of the judgement is
wholly suspended, and also that the
will is entirely powerles or ceases to
act These faculties are not altogeth
er in abeyance, but they doze while
the subordinate powers of the mind
those which play the part of pict
ure carriers and record fanciers ran
sack the treasures of memory and
mingle together in the direst confu
sion old things and new. Imagina
tion is not active, but it remains just
enough awake to supply the connec
ting links which give seeming con
tinuity to those parts of the phan
tasmagoria which we chance to re
member on recovering perfect self
consciousness, and which, being re
membered, we call "dreams." o
one rememl -rs more than one dream,
unless he 1ms aroused from sleep
more than once. This experience
has led to tho inference that dreams
only occur at the mcment or in the
act of waking. There are the dreams
which take place in the process of
returning to consciousness that for
example, those instantaneous scenes
and spectacles which are suggested
by the sound or feeling that rouses
the dreamer; but, in result of along
and close study of the subject with
a "view 'to discover the nature of
dreams, and the laws of dreamin
for medical purpose, in connection
with the treatment of sleeplessnesf,
I am persuaded that dreams occur.
in the course of sleep ana are
wholly forgotten.
. That they do not and can not tike
place in deen sleep is probable, be
cause deep Bleep is general sleep, and
when this state prevails thesuuorauv
ate faculties are sleeping, and the pic
tures and records which compose
dreams we must Understand sleep,
and it is because the two phenomena
have not hitherto been studied t
f ether that so little is generally
nown about either.
HaBttaomeBt in the Drovas.
When he bad finished with the cli
mate, soil and productions of Idaho,
one of the group asked:
"How about educational facilities?''
"That's the only thing we lack,"
replied the old man with a mournful
sigh. "We've got schools enough,
but we can't keep no teacher." . .
"What's the trouble?"
"Well, take my school for instanc
only two miles from the nearest
- A
house, eminently situated on top oi a
hill and paying the highest Balary.
We cant keen a teacher over two
weeks."
"Do thev die?-
"Some do, though it's no place for
dying. We had a young fellow from
Ohio, and he met a grizzly and whis
tled for him. The grizzly cum. We
had another, and a widder run him
down and married him inside of a
month. The third one was lame,
and the Injuns overtook him. Then
we tried women folks. The tint one
tror married the night she lit down
there; It took the second one about
the middle of the third week, and
the next one was abducted by n stage
robber."
"Why don't you get the ugliest,
homeliest woman you can find-some
perfect old terror, like that lantern
jawed' razor-faced female over by the
ticket window 7
"Why dont we ? fctranger, you
Eastern folks will never understand
us rjioneers in the world never.
That's my wife the identical school
teacher I married, and she was the
handsomest one in the 'drove? fle-
troit Free Prat.
Miatakew of Lift-.
Somebody has condensed the
mistakes of life and arrived at the
conclusion that there are fourteen of
them. Most people would say, if
they told the truth, that there was no
limit to the mistakes of life; that
they were like the drops in the
ocean or the sands of the shore in
number, but it is well to be accurate.
Here. then, are fourteen great mis
takes: "It li a great mistake to set
tin wonr own standard of right and
wrong and judge people accordingly 1
to measure the enjoyment of others
hv vonr own t to expect uniformity
of oninion in this world : to look for
judgment and experience in youth ;
to endeavor to moia an aisposiuons
alike; not to' yield to immaterial tri
fles ; to look for perfection in our
own actions; to worry your selves and
others with what cannot be reme
died : not to alleviate all that needs
alleviation as far as lies in our pow
er : npt to make allowance for the
infirmities of others; to consider
avervthinff impossible that we can-
tct perform; to believe only what
;r unite mint can gni
wet to be able to understand every
thing. The greatest of mistakes is
to live only for tipe when any mcr
men may laujiuu uq mt fm"j-
KILL OR CURE.
nn aranin l.u ; Viw n
elderly man with beetling brows,
thin compressed lips, piercinzeray
eyes and long bony hands, sat in a
si-abbay furnished room in a splen
did old bouse, casting up accounts
by the light of a single candle. The
weather being cold, one of those bas
kets for live coals, which are some
times appropriately called "kill
joys," glimmered in the huge grate.
The door of the - room, which open- j
ea into the fine oak paneled hall
was ajar, and presently a servant girl
bearing a light flitted by from the
staircase. Her master' called her,
saying :
"Hi, Jenny ! conie here. What
makes you look so scared. Is your
mistress worse?"
"I'm afraid so, Sir Timothv."
, "Eh! what, really bad?" '
"Ye-es."
"Going to die?'
"She savs so, sir Timothy, and
oh! she looks it, too. Oh, sir,"
cried the girl earnestly, blurting out
what was in her soul, "if she were
to die without a doctor !"
This abnormal possibility shocked
Sir Timothy Grabham also, the in
valid being in a manner dear to him.
It was a verylgeneral notion amongst
his neighbors and tenants that the
man was incapable of caring for any
body ; but that was prejudice ; be
did care for his wife, after his own
fashion. It was not an enthusiastic
attachment, or a deep one ; I do not
suppose he loved her as well as a
good bargain for example ; but com
parisons are odious, lie remained
silent for a while looking down, and
then muttered :
I declared that I would never
send for that fellow Ranford again,"
which was an error on his part ;
he had never made that rash obser
vation it was Mr. Ranford who
vowed he would not come.
"Shall Charles go for Dr. Ranfortl,
please, Sir Timothy ?"
"There is no one else, so I sup
pose he must"
Jennie vanished in search ot that
footman, groom, gardener named
Charles, and her master tried to
get back to sum, but made a mis
take of two pence and a farthing,
and relapsed into revery.
Sir Timothy Grabham was not a
nice man, but if he had remained in
different to his wife's condition, he
would have been a monster. She
had now, for thirty years, devoted
herself to the difficult task of pleas
ing him ; she had brought him
money, and saved him money ; born
conomical, she had developed the
faculty into extreme meanness to
gam hu approbation. ' raseion
would have bten out of place at his
age and hers, but he esteemed her.
After a hard day's work, Dr. Had
ford had turned into bel with the
snug conviction that he was going
to remain undisturbed up to eight
o'clock on the following morning,
for his last "lady's case" was going
on as favorable as if civilization had
been unknown, and no fellow creat
ure looked to him for introduction
into the world for the next fortnight
to come. But at half past eleven,
his sleep was broken by the night
bell, and he had to wrench himself
from his warm nook in the feathers,
feel for his dressing gown and slip
pers, blunder into his dressing room,
which looked out on the front of the
house, and opened the window.
"What is it?" he shouted, shiver
ing as the frosty night air blew in
upon his face and played about his
unprotected legs.
"Please, sir, it s me."
"Idiot ! your name ?"
"Charles from the HalL"
"Then Charles from the Hall, you
may go bacK again, lor i am not
coming."
My lady is very ill, sir."
Cant help it Tell your master
that I won't attend him or his fami
ly, and he need send no more messa
ges, as I shall muffle the night belL"
And with these words the doctor
banged down the window.
"What are you doing, John?"
said a voice from the bed presently.
Tvmg a stocking round the clap
per of this confounded belL"
-What lor T"
"To get a good Bleep, in spite of
Sir Timothy Grabham."
"Whv, he has never sent lor
youl"
lie has though, the insolent
screw; his wile is in.
"Well, well, dont tie up the bell,
John ; she may be really bad dying,
yon know."
"Wbat is that to mer
"I know they have treated us very
badly, a rich man like that to reiu.se
to pav for your attendance ; it is un
heard of! but other people might
want you."
"Not likely."
"No, but it is just possible. Don't
muffle the bell.'1
I need hardly tell the married
reader that the doctor got growling
into bed, with the bell clapper free
to rouse , him out again. In an
hour's time the bit of iron availed
itself of that liberty, but for some
minutes Dr. Radford declined to
stir. Consideration of his wife s rest,
however, at length induced him to
turn out once more, and again go
through the processs of refrigeration.
"Sir Timothy's messenger again I
suppose !" he cried.
sio, replied a wen known voice ;
I am here myself."
"For what purpose, Sir Timothy
Grabham, do you come and disturb
me, when you know very well that
I never intend to enter your doors
again?" ,
"Ay, ay," replied the voice from
below ; but this is not a time to bear
malice. J tell you that my wife is
dangerously ill dying, I believe:
and if she dies for want of medical
assistance you will be responsible."
"Not so, the responsibility will all
lie on your own shoulders. I am a
poor man working hard for my 1"
ing,but no one ever kcew me to ne
glect a patient because he could not
Say me. Two-thirds of my work is
one for nothing, or next to nothing,
and those who can afford it ought to
take some snare of the burden, mot
especially you, the lord of the manor,
under whose protection the whole
poor are pjaoeq by Providence. In-
mA rf tr-lrii.K nn vofnaat tnna me
for actual attendance upon yourself
WHOLE NO. 1613.
and family for upward of a year.
"Stay, stay !" cried Sir Timothy ;
"you mistake; I never refused to
pay you ; I only omitted to do so.
You are really wrong to look upon
it as a personal matter, because 1
never pay anyone unless I am actu
ally obliged. Why did you not
bring action ? liut come let us st;e n
we cannot do business logemer.
Save my wife and I will give you
a hundred pounds. There !"
"Eh?" said Dr. Radford, rather
staggered. "But you know there is
no taking your word for anything."
"Come down and let me in, and 1
will put the promise down in black
and white," said Sir Timothy.
"That sounds like business," re
plied the Doctor, not altogether sor
ry tor an excuse for poing to the aid
of a dying woman. iSo he shut the
window, put on some clothes and
admitted Sir Timothy Grabham,
taking him into his consulting room
and lighting the gas.
"Now, how am I to word it ?" in
quired the baronet, taking a pen and
arranging a sheet of foolscap before
him. "f promise to pay the sum of
one hundred pounds to Mr. John
Radford, if he cures "
"No, no," interrupted the doctor,
"it is only quacks who make such
bargains as that ; I must have my
pay whether lam successful or not."
""Very good surgeon for attend
ance upon my wile, kill or cure.
Will that do ?"
"Yes, that will do, but sign it"
"Oh, oh! I forgot How stupid."
And Sir Timothy appended his
name to the document, and putting
on h8 coat and hat, the doctor left
the house with his successful visi
tor.
He found Lady Grabham very ill
indeed, quite past human aid in fact;
and though he was indefatigable in
his attendance, and performed that
feat which i popularly called "ex
hausting the resources of his art,
she sank on the third day. The
widower was not inconsolable.. The
undertaker took some timber that
had lately been felled, in part pav
ment of expenses ; and oa the very
day of the funeral. Sir Timothy let
a farm, the lease ot'which had expir
ed, for an increased rent, without
having to do as much in the way of
repairs as he had anticipated ; so that
he was enabled to bear the domestic
misfortune like a Spartn n.
After a decent lapse of time, Mr.
Radford sent in a note referring to
the promise which iir Timothy
Grabham had made mm and re
questing a check for n hundred
pounds; and no answer being
vouchsafed to this comiuni. a ion,
he presently wrote again ia more ur
gent language ; but the second letter
was ignored as quietly as the first.
Then the good doctor got angry, ami
meeting his debtor in the course of
his rounds, be upbraided him with
his conduct, and threatened to take
legal proceedings.
"Quite right, doctor (juite right,"
said Sir Timothy. "Force me to
pay you and I will do it ; but I nev
er part with a farthing except un
der compulsion ; it is against my
principles ; and I am sorry I can
not make any exception in vour fa
vor." So Dr. Ranford put the matter in
the hands of a lawyer, and in due
time the case came. It was a gay
day in the little country towp, for
the case excited a great deal of curi
osity and amusement the poor doc
tor, who was a general favorite, had
been pitilessly chaffed, though eve
rybody hoped for and anticipated
his success ; an the court was crowd
ed with county magnates. It ad
ded to the attraction of the affair
that Sir Timothy Grabham, with all
his faults had the merit of being
consistent ; he could not employ a
lawyer, but conducted his own case.
Of course the doctor's solcitor was
jubilant, and quoted the proverb
which avers that the man who so
acts has a fool for his client. "Not
but what the case is clear enough,"
he added ; "all the lawyers in Lon
don could not get him otf paying
up."
And indeed it did seem simple.
The doctor was put into the witness
box, and told his story ; nnd Sir
Timothy did not question the cor
rectness of it ; on the contrary he
openly said that to the best of his
remembrance, everything had oc
curred exactly as described. "But"
he added, "I should like to look at
the document which has been al
lnded to, and ask tho plaintiff a
question or two about it"
The memorandum was handed to
him and he read it aloud :
"I promise to pay the sum of one
hundred pounds to Mr. John Rad
ford, Burgeon, for attendance upon
my wife, kill or cure. Exactly.
Well. Dr. Radford, did vou cure
her?"
"No ; that was impossible."
"Did you kill her ?"
Stoned to Death Near Fur-tree Mon-
- roe.
Fortress Monroe, Ya- May 25.
A difficulty between two colored men,
named Henry Chisman and John
Wilson, occurred this evening at
Mill Creek, resulting in the death of
the former. It appears that they
had some dispute over money mat
ters a day or two since, and Wilson,
who is about twenty years old and a
quarrelsome character, had threaten
ed, to shoot Chisman. They met
this evening and had some words,
when Wilson seized a stone and
threw it at Chisman, striking hiin in
the abdomen. He was taken to his
home and expired in half an honr.
Chisman was a quiet, inoffensi ve
man, and respected by the commu
nity. Wilson has been arrested and
confined in jail at Hampton.
Bright Disease of the Kidneys,
Diabetes and other Diseases of the
Kidneys and liver, which you are
being so much frightened about,
Hop Bitters is the only thing that
will surely and permanently prevent
and cure. 'All other pretended cures
only relieve for a time and then
make you many times worse. '
The ladies who sometime since
were unable to go out, having
taken LydiaE. Pinkham's Vegeta
ble Compound are quit recovered,
and have gone on their way .rejoicing.
BCKLLV LETTER.
Beklix, Prussia, May 6, 'Si
On Saturday the trial trip was
made with Siemen's improved e'ec
trial apparatus and new carriaser
on the tramway from Charlottes
burg to the Spardaner Bock, in tbo
wu-tern outskirts of Berlin. The
f-loctrician has, in this line solved
the problem of making the electric
car overcome a riinn gradient of
one to thirty. For half a mile the
line has, on leaving the suburb of
Charlottesburg, to ascend a hilL and
here the speed was maintained atter
to twelve kilometres, or about seven
miles an hour. Once on the top of
the Spardaner Berg the line is on a
level, and hfTj the cars attained a
speed of between sixteen and twenty
kilometres, or an average of eleven
miles an hour. The line, conducted
as an ordinary tramway, is distin
guished from any other by two thin
wire cables, which you perceive at a
certain elevation above it, resting on
the telegraph poles. On these two
isolated cables, which are about nine
inches apart a tiny carriage runs,
carried by eight weels, those on the
right being isolated from those on
the left. A thin cable unites this
miniature machine with the pas
senger car below, an'! the to wires
it contains transmi; electricity from
the two cables above to the dvnamo,
which is fi:;ed to the bottom of the
car. On the top of the hill is a small
house, where the steam engine is
situated, whicli generates the electro
motive force.
In the first electric railway, pro
duced by T)r. Werner Siemens, at
the BerUn Industrial Exhibition,
in the summer of the year 1871), the
current was conveyed into the car
by means of the rails and wheels,
going from one rail into one set of
wheels and out again on the oppo
site side from the wheels in the oth
er rail. The system is in use on the
short line that connects the Roval
School of Cadets at Lichterfelde
with tho railway terminus. Besides
the inconvenience this arrangement
offered in the difficulty of keeping
up the necessary insulation of the
rails, constantly "threatened by mud
and dust, this system was particu
larly troublesome to the horses,
whose hoofs, in crossing the rails,
came in contact with the electric
current, thus inflicting on the ani
mals an unpleasant shock. At the
electric exhibition in Paris, Dr. Sie
mens conducted the current through
tubes, but his new invention of a
small contact car, running on two
suspended cables and dragged along
by the patsenger car, to which it is
attached, seems to be a decided im
provement, and Berlin electricians
assert that the problem of adopting
electricity to tramways is now solv
ed. The two cars employed to-day
were not joined together, but each
went separately. In future it is in
tended that two cars shall always
leave the terminal station at the
same time, so as to meet half way,
where there is siding. The sta
tionary steam engine has to work at
the rate of thirty-six hotse power in
order to produce the necessary force
of about six horse power for each
of the two cars when on the level
part, and of ten hore power when
ascending the hill. I shall not en
large on several experiments which
were made to test the facility of
driving the cars backwards and for
wards, and connecting the two cars,
but limit myself to mentioning that,
after lunch, the invited guests pro
ceeded to Wilmersdorf to inspect an
electric conveyance which runs on
the high road without rails.
Proud of His Gook LooKn.
Springfield, III., May 2G. The
trial of John N. Taylor, for the mur
der of John Eichenaur in Mernard
county in November, 1S7P, on a
change of venue, was commenced in
the Sangamon county court to-day.
The paticulara of the case are as fol
lows : John and Henry Eichenaur,
brothera. and John N. "Taylor were
at a country gathering occasioned by
a traveling 8how. One of the at
tractions was to present articles to
be voted to the most popular man.
It was proposed to vote a cane to
the ugliest man present Jonn N.
Taylor was elected, only one vote
being cast John Eichenaur cast it.
Taylor became offended. lie had a
long prided himself upon his good
looks. On Saturday, November 215,
1.879, John N. Talyo- knd his broth
er Robert went into the field where
John Eichenaur and his brother
Henry were gathering corn. John
Taylor drew a knife and cut Henry
Eichenaur so seyerely that for a
time his life was despaired of.
Having, as he thought disposed of
Henry, he next turned his attention
to John Eichenaur, who was endeav
oring to detach a singletree from a
wagon in order to defend himself
from the assault when Robert Tay
lor succeeded in getting hold of the
victim, whom he firmly held while
his brother John plunged his knife
into the poor fellow, from the effects
of which be died the same night
For a year or more Taylor wits at
large, and finally came home and
gave himself up, when he was indict
ed for murder.
Pion Frandx.
An old woman named Margaret
Bethel, her husband John, and her
daughter Louisa have been impos
ing on the credulity of the church
going people of Philadelphia for the
iiist twenty years. They visited and
attended many churches, semed to
be very pious and very poor, and
thus secured many gifts of money,
food and clothing, selling the latter
and putting everything they could
get into the bank. They represent
ed themselves respectively as Cath
olics, Methodists, Presbyterians,
Episcopalians, and it is hard to tell
what else, and preyed upon hun
dred of churches. A year or so ago
the old man died ; and lately "good
old Margaret" followed him. She
had purchased a 300 marble vault
and was buried in a $200 casket ;
and now the daughter affects to be
an heiress, and is spending the ill
gotten wealth lavishly in carriage
hire, ten dollar dinners and fine fur
niture. She paid 6o0 for a Bet of
parlor furniture, $300 for silk cur
tains, and other things in propor
tion. It is well enough for people
to be charitable, but there ought to
be some way of discovering wheth
er people who claim charity are de-
gervin?
When yon have an inflamed eye,
a swelled hand, or decayed and
nr.hini? tooth, vou do not take and
fill your stoamch with drugs to cure
it, but apply a cooling lotion or some
directly to thenarta.
OWVIIJai Mwaeaeaw aawoT
So if you have a weak of lame back,
sore kidneys, profuse or scanty urine,
or the secretory system is clogged and
inactive, vou should use Prof. Guil
mette's French Kidney Pad, which
is a 'directly local application, which
always give speedy relief and al
ways" cures the disease. Ask your
druggist for it