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LL.
ESTVBLISHED, 1827.
VOL. XXX. NO. 30.
SOMERSET, PA., WEDNESDAY, MARCH 8, 1SS2.
1
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frnlT fV.. Palr.ru! ('(vmp'tt;::. a.4 nliiiil
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Ji'li:ii liL-i.:r.ccaicnt?, and t2i ronsFqumt
itn .ir'r FtErcnf ijt vel.injpt.t. The t-mny to crn-
K Ix niTi fa'.:i.T:ria. llatultKr, dutixiil miTtt
fern ':.-.:! Tt. a:i.1 r-lirviwmi:wr uf thotARMrh.
Ci'j: ::-: , tlcc;'ki3K-S, lc;vMioa ted Itul-
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",o" r i. '.i t )w L. s 1 '.t pr.Tcm lie frrsolp pvwtrai.
i or t.c n;:x.of Ui.Uirj ''"j--- t ( tcx liii
i.rniA k. riNkiiA-Mft veca31.e cow-
I.raa.V a IutCl h; fr- Sent by naA.it
tTtjf ni tlrlnth i. rm c.f i. : r.T ca
Tcry of rri.'. $1 rcrV.x for either. Mrt. riukara
1-. t.T i--rj tl 1: tUrr ttf il-(;-.iirT. b.i:(t Tor Jjuvb
THE SXOAV-F1IJ.KD M4T.
CV BSE IEKBV COOKE.
It swings u;on the leafless tre
l'y stormy winds Mown to and fro ;
I)ccrtd, lonei y, sad to fcet',
And f:..I of cruel snow.
In summer' noon the li-aves alxive
Mude dewy slieltcr from the heat ;
The not was fall of life and love ;
Ah, tile and love are wcct !
The tender brooding of the day,
The silent, peaceful dreams nf night,
Thjoys that jmtionee ororprty,
T'.ie cry f.f young delight.
The Sdiiii that thrvugh the branches
riii;s,
The nestling crowd with ca'or eye,
The flutter soft of untried wing.
The !lij:!:t of glad surprise :
All, all are gone'. I know not rherc
A:id still ujon the c ll ;rray trt:e,
Lonely, and t'wd by every air,
That s:o jf -filled nest I see.
I, too. had otu e a place of rest,
Where life, and love, and ieace were
mine
Y.v n a the wild-birds build their nest,
Y.'heu sties and summer shine.
Hut v. '.iAcr catnc, the leaves were dead
The mm iu'r-hirl was first to f;.
Tlic ih-!(:! ir.ys from ciy sight have (leil ,
The nest is full of snow.
S". X!ckolii for M:rrl.
the
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FOlt SALK SY
C. X. BOYD,
Dia'GGIST,
Somerset, Ya..
! rXTINE HAY.
attokxkyatlaw
i ..rir Hoil F.-I .t. Sosrrct. I .
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s.ai"tb lfaiMU.e.
LOOK HERE!
! Wbra y. u e hi- to JCIIXSTO'Vi X, do n fail
to csll nt tl;o
J PEOPLE'S STORE!!
AIT:
IJ.vrV-ATT.A'W-.
rfi mat r,-"! cntrr.r-;1 fn TO J es ft
TO
NO. 3 MORRIS ST.
,"AK YC'JR PURCHASES!
Oration of J. G. Blaine
on President
Garfield.
Portrayal of His Charac
ter With a Review of
His Services as a
Public Man.
. KOONTZ.
lmiy-at lv.
S-..n.- rfcv, .
!
"Ve ki t j rnf taiitlr on IiaaJ a full line ot goudt
u: ".v kc; t !k a First-dun
?.-res er.trust
L t'ir.ii.
ATTOKNLY AT LAW,
GENERAL STORE!!
hl ;i e fill ut a TEH LOW aarcla for
.irSK'-tn Jit"---, np lf. EririD-.
r'rrci. thilfaoi'f iuaie. rre
hf fvumtneO, aod alt tiuJJ
f-
ft
-
r !. BAKR.
t ATFOKX EYATLAW,
Si"!;eret,l'
. - -iir s!Rm't and ad;Matea-eontl.
!.':- estrone! to Llia wiil U pr.i-H tir
"A'ILtXm colli ns.
Vhx risr. su:iiu:sirr, pa
- --:smm,.t P.l -rt. aVre ryd" lmia
iirTr Itr ran st all time? I" r-u-.id i-rpar-
f.nit ft rk. fu.-h a i:-'f
r ,ricc . ArtJSoIat t hf a.. Wrda.
ir.e bcM tciirfriel luwned. t.iKruUoiif
7r; raS a call:
ALBERT TRENT,
Manager.
t( ;., rTied t" tr.Hr car
. and twtnHr attnW to.
' ila Kaer' lli- l'
IlU'K jiTii UiOS 7
J I S rii'K AF U iiE i l-ACi..
i:. m.
ii. s. KiVMU-L.
K I MM ELL A OS
1 -..awwit and TStlty. 'r l tn nra
i arm c.-n at ai;:na. cidr j.ri:c ..
,i tt liimi.
WALTER ANDERSON,
MERCHANT TAILOR,
01 JT.Au!lITHAVnuIE,
NO. 226 LIBERTY STREET
I'lTTSBTJEGH,
let-: a
'..J. K. MILLER has nr.
:?x r loca'e'l hi Pr!ln f"r the .-!:
wioB. O.tjce vj'p'e t'barif Knrr.
.it. 2- .o.
Ls.:wir-iil:le eilifat .f !-ui
' is-Uirmrt. ilic la rei.:tu.w ca ..aia
-ISQMERSE CflUSTI 8ffl!
r.sTABi.isiinD isrr.)
CHARLES J. HARRISON,
CAStliER MD L'ASAGER.
Following is the memorial ora
tion oi' James G. Blnine upon the
lifts and character and iullic ser
vices of Piesidont Garfield, deliver
ed in the House of Representatives
on March 2, 1SSJ.
Mil. Pbesidkxt : For the second
time in this treneration the great de
partments of the Government of the
I'nited .States are assembled in the
Hall of Representatives to do honor
to the memory of n inur.kred Pres
ident. Lincoln ftll at the close of a
mighty ftrupele in which the pas
sions of men had been deeply stir
red. Thelracieal termirntion of his
rrat life addcl but another to the
lengthened successions cf horrors
which had marked so many lintels
with the Mood of the first born.
Garfield was slain in a day of peace,
when brother had been reconciled
to brother, and when anger and hate
had been banished from the land1.
,-Whoevcr shall hereafter draw the
portrait of murder, if he will show
it as it has been exhibited where
such example was last to have been
looked for, let him not 'give it the
grim visage of Moloch, the brow
knitted by revenge, the face black
with settled hate. Let Lim draw,
rather, a decorous, smooth-faced,
bloodless demon, not so much an
example of human nature iu its de
pravity and in it3 paroxysms of
cri;tie,"as an infernal being, a fiend
in the ordinary display and devel
opment of his character."
A. G. MILLF.R.
.' PHYSICIAN ASl KvlEt'X,
"n -red to Snrti. IkxJ. Indiana,
.i.f tv.We in a'.l y-iu
the
CHAEGES HODEEATE.
i'L JOHN' L1LI.S -
1 1EXT1ST.
-t aV-.t l:orr ilc3eyf rio-e.
. S.i.aeriwt, l'.
1 t-i; t !?;ilr to f-T. 1 moMj Wert cxa I ae-
I citr-ftlo.!tf"' b- draft New Yi.rk inanyfum.
i -..i.vt4irtun4 e BUI j.raj.:mf. 1". S. poodi
j'OL!-t su:.l M d. M.-iuoyandt.iluatde fcortsl
j ; vi-.if-f llelnWaw'.lrated talVrf, with a r
, ; i'. i,t A Xc t W tit
From the landing of the Pilgrims
at Plymouth till the uprising of
Charles I., about twenty thousands
emigrants came from old England to
New England. As they came in
pursuit of intellectual freedom and
ecclesiastical independence rather
than for worldly honor and profit,
the cmiirration naturally ceased
rcited ' when the contest for religious liber
ty began in earnest at norce. i ne
man who struck Lis most effective
blow for freedom ot conscience by
sailing for the colonies in 1GJ0 would
have been accounted a deserter to
leave after 1G40. The opportunity
had then come on tue sou
submit to tyranny even ffrom
Grand Monarque.
General Garfield delighted to
dwell on these traits, and during hia
only visit to England, he busied
himself in discovering every trace
of his forefathers m parish registries
and army rolls. Sitting with a
friend in the gallery of the House of
Commons one night alter a long
day's labor in this field of research,
he'eaid with evident elation that i t
every war in which for three centu
ries patriots of English blood had
struck sturdy blows for constitution
al government and human liberty,
hu family had been represented.
They were nt Marston Moor, at
Aaseby and l'reston ; tney were at
Bunker Hill, at Saratoga and at
Monmouth, and in his own person
had battled for the same great cause
in tne war wnica preservea me
I n ion of the States.
Losing his father before he was
two years old, the early life of Gar
field was one of privation, but its
poverty has been made indelicately
and unjustly prominent 1 housands
of readers have imagined him as a
ragged, starving child, whose reality
too often greets the eye in the Bqual
id sections of our large cities. Gen
eral Garfield's infancy and youth
had none of their destitution, none
of their pitiful features appealing to
the tender heart and to the open
hand of charity. He was a poor
boy in the same sense in wtfieh
Henry Clay was a poor boy ; iff
which Andrew Jackson was a poor
boy ; in which Daniel Webster was
a poor loy ; in the eamo sense in
which a large majority .ofithe ; emi
nent men of America in all genera
tions have been poor boy's. - Before
a great multitude of men in a public
speech, Mr. Webster bore this testi
mony :
"I'did not happen to be bom in a
log cabin, but my elder brothers and
sisters vere born" in a log cabin rais
ed amid the snowdrifts of New
Hampshire, at & period so early that
when the smoke rose first from its
rude chimney and curled over the
frozen hills there was no similar ev
idence of a white man's habitation
between it and the settlements on
the rivers of Canada. Its remains
still exist. I make to it an annual
visit. I carry my children to it t3
teach them the hardships endured
by the generations that have gone
before them. I love to dwell on the
r.cter recollection.the kindred ties,
the early affections, und the touch
ing narratives and incidents which
mingle with all I know of this prim
itive family abo ie."
With the re incite change of scene
t!Te same wor- s would aptly portray
the early d vs of Garfield. The
novertv of ' iie lrontier, wnere all
L
this p.'riod presents no novel feat
ures. He had undoubtedly showed
perseverance, self-reliance, seli-eacn
iice, and ambition qualities which,
be it said lor the honor of our coun
try, are everywhere to be found
among the voung men of America,
But from his graduation at Will
iams onward, to the hour of his
tragical death, Garlield's career was
eminent and exceptional. Slowly
working through his educational te-
riod, receiving his diploma when
twenty-lour years of age, he seemed
at one bound to spring into conspic
uous and brilliant success. Withm
six yeirs he was successively Presi
dent of a college. State Senator of
Ohio, Major General of the Army of
the United States, and Representa
tive elect to the National Congress, i
A combination of honors so varied.
so elevated, within a period so brief
and to a man so young, is without
precedent or parallel in the history
of the country.
Garfield's army life was begun
with no other military knowledge
than such as he had hastily gained
from books in a few months preced
ing his march to the field. Step
ping from civil life to the head of a
regiment, the first order he received
when ready to cross the Ohio was to
ing proofs of Lis great versatility.
His military duties closed on the
memorable field of Chicamanga, a
held which, however disastrous to
the Union arms, gave to him the oc
casion of winning imperishable lau
rels. The very rare distinction was
accorded him of a great promotion
for his bravery on a field that was
lost President Lincoln appointed
him a Major General in the Army
of the United States, for jrallant nnd
meritorious conduct in the battle of
Chicamauga.
The Army of the Cumberland w is
reorganized under the command of
General Thomas, who promptly of
fered Garfield one of its divisions.
He was extremely desirous to ac
cept the position, but was embar
rassed by the fact that he had, a
year lefore, been elected to Con
gress, and the time when he must
take his scat was drawing near. He
preferred to remain in the military
service, and had within his own
breast the largest confidence of suc
cess in the wider field which his
new rank-opened up to him. Bal
ancing the arguments of the one
tide and the other, anxious to deter
mine what was for the best, desirous
an effective debater, and oftc n counts
for as much in persuading an as
sembly as the eloquent and elabor
ate argument -The
great measure of Garfield's
fame was filled by his service in the
House of Representatives. IIi3
military life, illustrated by honora
Die pertormance, and rich in prom
lse, was, as ne nimseit lelt, prema
turely terminated, and necessarily
incomplete. Speculation as to what
he might have done in a held where
the great prizes are so few. cannot
be profitable. It is sufficient to say
that as a soldier he did his duty
bravely ; but he did it intelligently ;
hE won an enviaole tame, and he re
tired from the service without blot
or breath ajrainst him. As a law
yer, though admirably equipped for
the profession, he can scarcely be
said to have entered upon it3 prac
tice. lhe few efforts he made at
the bar were distinguished by the
same high order of talent which ho
exhibited on every field vrhcre ho
was put to the test, and if a man mav
be accepted as a competent judge of
his own capacities and adaptations,
the law wa3 the profession to which
Garfield should nave devoted him-
above all things to do his patriotic ; self. But fate ordained otherwise,
j stronger and byldtr and the ship
t will sail six hundred, one thousand,
! fifteen hundred milee farther and
; reach I.abrador and New England.
! There U no chance in results."
j As a candidate, Garfield steadily
j grew in popular favor. He waa met
with a storm ot detraction at we
very hour of hU nomination, and-it
continued with increasing volume
ar.d momentum until the close of
his campaign :
Nt raii:ht nor greatness in mortal. ty
Can censure Vape, bark wotsndingcainmny
Theblaikest rirtur strike. Vhat kin? so
p mm n"i -1 stronj;
Can tir the gall up in theslaiiUeroii tongue.
WHOLE NO. 1G00J Under it all he was calm and strong,
jand confidert ; never lost his self-
. jKs.session,uid no unwise act, spoke
th Herculean'? My, or m-consiuereu worus.
itaeed notning in ms wooic uiu is
duty, he was decisively influenced
by the advice of President Lincoln
assuftfe command of a brigade, and
to operate as an independent force and Secretary Stanton hnth rf whom
Eastern Kentucky. His immedi-! assured him that he could, at that
in
f.'AMOND HOTEL,
I STOYSTOV.'K. 1T.XN"A.
J j t. tmiur mi1 well anown h..u ht:t l:e!t
f i- Mrt'n and rrwlv rt:tfl fcli t.
ACCOUNTS SOLICITED.
tAU lcvj.l iuUda;'f clerTed.-
drt
i ',' ..;) Ufr l:ia l-r t::e triueil-.jc
j ii .mi. 1 r - t r c:.n. ; ! fur, wi, ail fof.
t :r i-ls w:i a Wrx -ade hail a?tr. -'if.!
J it mx. AIm Sara and r.m!jiiuKi;i
V;, I -,!in.:-..B l-t-.ad nt tt.tiiret f
;n.T. !y :li wrvt.da.T .t aie- J.
' ss Ardl fcT.crsrF.R.Prf p,
S. E. Cor. llamoad
StoysU'W ,i'a
JRE FERMENTED
WINE,"
FOR SALE
A. J.".r" erat A. J. Cjeer ii ."
s. N..Tierrt. Pa., or at Lis
CHARLES HOFFMAN,
RCHABT TAILOR,
(Abortllrnry He!-yV Str.)
LilLc! STYLES CJ LOWEST FEiCES.
rSATlSf 'ACTIOS GUARANTEED. JZ!
SOMERSET J?-l.
'-,t.
SAP. C-S0V3 PARI!
l et w r fc o" S rr-. SM tVej..i. e of cisnw
'APE, BLACKEEr.RV,
CHEMY ' C LTRANT,
n.cz:r.3tr.nY, witD-CKEriY
AND CIDER VI.E,
Yr frl.1 la curtlTT t" f-H Jert;i.'.fer.
U cmcii d .-r nIlfTl an-1 aarra
! rn-;t : rlo ar a 1-errmpa ty thie
a i-.r tn
' oa'Jt Urm eor.'lnlir aSucI Onr Uxnirr
-txr i.ni. iei- tftj tn o'lr-Svt (4t;.j
;i'r Lam "ak aud t:.Ur t!-nr to Lis-
THE SOailAL TERM
or Tits
m mm institute
HIV. T.tKOT STFPnEXS. A. M..Touvm,
Thwn- (4 Pra"fr pf Teaching.
ETE'N V.'. KINO. tlocn-.U-n, Ucoutetrf, aod
"r-ft frrnrmpl.v.
K AT P K KV N tJ S. Al B . Natural PtntPj,By,
Ph.-ii-! GiyirraitiT an1 Cbrmiftrr.
L. I'LI M.HKR. Normal and tVmunerdal
Ar;:nrir. IVjk ke-i ln and IV ant.
11C. VV ALrtk. Noriaal tlrauiuiar, IJtrratcre,
t nt! r.Iitnrr.
are engaged in n common struggle
and where a common sympathy and
hearty co-operation lighten the bur-
erty, different in kind, different in
influence and eliect irom mat con
scious and humiliating indigence
which is every day forced to con
trast itself with neighboring wealth
on which it feels a sense of grinding
dependence. The poverty of the
frontier is indeed no poverty. It is
but the beginning of wealth, and has
the boundless possibilities of the fu
ture always opening before it No
man ever crew up in the agricultur
al regions of the West where a house
raising, or even a corn-husking, is
matter of common interest and help
fulness, with any other feeling than
that of broad-minded, generous in
dependence. This honorable inde-
. .... . .
nendence marfced tne youtn oi uar-
field as it marks the youth of mill
ions of the best blood and brains
now training for the future citizen
ship and future government of the
republic Garfield was born heir to
and, to the title ot treenolder which
has been the patent and passport of
self-respect with the Anglo-Saxon
race ever since Hengist and Horsa
anded on the shores of England.
His adventures on the canal an al
ternative between that and the deck
ot a Lake Erie schooner was a
fanner bnyTs device for earning mon
ey, just as the New England lad be
gins a possibly great career by sail
ing before the mast on a coasting
vcsscl or on a merchantman bound
to the farther India or to the China
Sens.
No man feels anything of shame
in lookins back to early struggles
no
of Eng
land for that great contest which es-f with adverse circumstances, and
tiblished the authority of Parlia
ment, cave rt ligimis frt edoni to the
man lens a wormier pnae i:ian
when he has conquered
the ofcsta-
lK-oplertcrit Charles to the block, iclt-3 of his progress. But no one of
' . . . . . , . r .... I 11 I 1 .1 1 al.l.tl
nnd committed to the hands of Oli
ver Cromwell the Supreme Execu
tive authority of England. The
English emigration wu? never re
newed, and lrom tliesc twenty thous
and men with a small emigration from
Scotland and France are descended
the vast numbers who have New
England blood in their veins.
In 1CS5 the revocation of the edict
of Nantes by I)u:s XIV. scattered
to other countries four hundred
thousand Protestants, who were
among the most intelligent and en
terprising of French subjects mer
chants of capital, skilled manufac
turer?, and handicraftsmen, superi
or at the time to all others m hu
noble mould desires to be looked
upon as having occupied a menial
position, as having been re
pressed by a feeling of inferiority, or
as having euflered the evils of jiov
erty until relief was found j;t the
hand of charity. General Garfield?
youth presented no hardships which
family love and energy did not over
come, subjected him to no priv
tion3 which he did not cheerfully
accept, and left no memories save
those which were recalled with re
light, and transmitted with rr;fit
and with pride.
Garfielvf s early opportunities for
securing an education were extreme-
ltr limits.? .nnil vpt trfTP BtlfFiripnt til
of! develoD in him "an intense desire to
ate duty was to check the advance
oi Humphrey r.larsiian, who was
marching down the Uig Sandy with
the intention ot occupying in con
nection with other Confederate forc
es the entire territory of Kentucky,
and of precipitating the State into
secession. This was at the close of
the year 1SG1. Seldom, if ever, has
a young college professor been
thrown into a more embarrassing
and discouraging position, lie
knew just enough of military sci
ence, as he expressed it himself, to
measure the extent of his ignorance,
and with a handful of men he was
marching, in rough wirfter weather,
into a strange country, among a hos
tile population, to confront a largely
superior force under a distinguished
graduate of West Point, who had
seen active and important service
in two preceding wars.
The result of the campaign is a
matter of history. The skill, the
endurance, the extraordinary energy
shown by Garfield, the courage he
imparted to his men, raw and un
tried as himself, the measures he
adopted to increase his force and to
create in the enemy's mind exagger
ated estimates of his numbers, bore
perfect fruit in the routing of Mar
shall, the capture of his camp, the
dispersion of his force, and the
emancipation 6f an important terri
tory from the control of the rebel
lion. Coming at the clo?e of a long
series of disasters to the L'nion arms,
Garfield's victory had an unusual
auu extraneous importance, una in
the popular judgment elevated the
young commander to the rank of a
militiry hero. With less than two
thoasand men in his entire com
mand, with a mobilized force of on
ly eleven hundred, without cannon,
he had met an array of five thous
and and defeated them driving
Marshall's forces successively from
two strongholds of their own selec
tion.fortified with abundant artillery.
Major General Buell, commanding
the Department of the Ohio, an ex
perienced an able soldier of the reg
ular army, published an order of
thanks and congratulation on the
brilliant result of the Big. Sandy
campaign, which would have turned
the head of a less cool and sensible
man than Garfield. Buell declared
that his services had called into ac
tion the highest qualities of a sol
dier, and President Lincoln supple
ment, d these words of praise by the
more substantial reward of a Briga
dier General's commission, to bear
date from the day of hia decisive
victory over Marshall.
The sti'isequent military career of
Garfield fully sustained its brilliant
beginning. With his new commis
sion he was assigned to the com
mand of a brigade in the Army of
the Ohio, and took part in the sec
ond and decisive day's fiht in the
great battle cf Shiloh. The remain
der of the year 1 02 was not espe
cially eventful to Garfield, as it was
not to the armies with which he
was serving. His practical sense
was called into exercise in complet
ing the tasTc, assigned him by Gen
eral Buell, of reconstructing bridges
and re-establishing lines cl railway
communicr.tion for the Army. His
occupation in this useful but not
brilliant field wa varied by
rope. A considerable number
thec Huguenot French came to learn. He could read at three vears
America ; a' few landed in New j of age, and each winter he had the
England and became honorably . advantage of the district school. He
prominent in its history. There J read all the books to be found with
names have ia large part become an- j in the circle of hia acquaintance ;
ghcised, or have disappeared, but 'some of them he got by heart While
their blood is traceable in many of! vet in childhood he was & constant
the most reputable families, and
their time is perpetuated in bonora-
tirae, be oi especial value in the
House of Representatives. He re
signed his commission of Major
General on the 5th day of Decem
ber, 1SG3, and took his seat in the
House of Representatives on the
7th. He had served two years and
four months in the army, and had
just completed his thirty-second
year.
The Thirty-eighth Congress i3
pre-eminently entitled in history
to the designation of the War Con
gress. It w.03 elected while the war
was flagrant, and every member
wa3 chtfet n upon the issues involv
ed in the continuance of the strug
gle. The Thirty-seventh Congress
had, indeed, legislated to a large ex
tent on the war measures, but it was
chosen be'oro any one believed that
the secession of the States would
actually be attempted. The magni
tude of the work which was unprec
edented, fell upon its successors,
both in respect to the vast sums of
money raised for the support of the
army and navy, af-.d of the new and
extraordinary jiowers of legislations
which it -was forced to exercise. On
ly twenty-four States were represent
ed, and one hundred and eighty
two members were upon its roll.
Among these there were many dis
tinguished part' leaders on both
sides, veterans in the public servic,
with established reputations for abil
ity, and with that skill which comes
only from parliamentary experi
ence. Into this assemblage of mn
uameld entered without special
preparatiotf, and it might also be
said unexpectedly, ine question oi
taking command of a division of
under General Thomas, or
taking his seat in Congress was kept
open till the last moment, so late,
indeed, that the resignation of LU
military commission and his ap
pearance in the House was almost
contemporaneous. Ho wore the
uniform of a Maior General of the
United States Armv on Saturday,
and on Monday, in civilian's dress,
he answered to the roil call as a
Representative in Congress from the
State of Ohio.
He was especially fortunate in the
constituency wmch elected him.
Descended almost entirely from
New England stock, the men of the
Ashtabula district were intensely
radical on all questione relating to
human rights. ell educated, trini
ty, thoroughly intelligent in affairs,
acutely discerning of character, not
quick to bestow confidence, and
slow to withdraw it, they were at
once tho most helpful and most ex
acting of supporters. Their tena
cious trust in men in whom they
had once confided is illustrated by
the unparalleled f.ict that El:ha
Whittlesey, Joshua R. Giddings and
James A. Garfield represented the
district for fifty-four years.
There is no test of a man's ability
iu any department of public life
more severe than service in the
House of Reprentatives ; there is no
place w here so little deference is
paid to reputation previously ac
quired, or to eminence won outside ;
no place where so little consideration
is shown for the feelings or failures
and his reputation in history wilt
rest largely upon his services in the
House of Representatives. That
service was exceptionally long. He
was nine times consecutively chos
en to the House, an honor enjoyed
by not more than six other Repre
sentatives of the more than dvo
thousand who have been elected
from the organization of the govern
ment to this hour.
As a parliamentary orator, as a
debater on an issue squarely joined,
where the position had been chosen
and the ground laid out, Garfield
must be assigned a very high rank.
More, perhaps, than any man with
whom he was associated in public
life, he gave careful and systematic
study to public questions, and . he
came to every dUcnssion ia which
he took part, with elaborate and
complete preparation. He was a
steady and indefatigable worker.
Those who imagine that talent or
a 1 T
genius can supply me piace or
achieve the results of labor will find
no encouragement in Garfield's life.
In parliamentary work he was apt,
j rapid and skillful. He possessed iu
a high degree the power ot readily
absorbing ideas and facts, and, like
Dr. Johnson, had the art ot getting
from a book all that was in it by a
reading apparently so quick and
cursory that it seemed like a mere
glance at the table of contents. He
was .-i pre-eminently fair and candid
man in debate, took no petty ad
vantage stooped to no unworthy
method , avoided personal allusions,
rarely appealed to prejudice, did
not s ek. to inflame passion. He
hod u ouicker eve lor the strong
rmfl jt ouicker
point of his aave
weak point, and on his own side .he
so marshaled his weighty arguments
as to make his hearers forget any
possible lack in thecomplete strength
of his position. He had a habit of
stating his opponent's 6ide with
such amplitude of fairness and
such liberality of concession that
his followers often complained that
he was giving his case away. But
never in his prolonged participation
in the proceedings of the House did
he give his case away, or fail in the
judgement of competent and impar
tial listeners to gain the mastery.
These characterises which mark
ed Garfield as a great elebater, did
not, however, make him a groat
parliamentary leader. A parlia
mentary leader, as that term is un
derstood wherever free representa
tive government exists, is necessari
ly and very strictly the organ of the
party. An ardent American defined
the instinctive warmth of patriotism
when he offered the toast, "Our
country, always right, but right or
wrong, our country." The parlia
mentary leader who has a bedy of
followers that will do and dart; t.nd
die for the cause is one who believes
his party always right, but right or
wrong, is always for his party. No
more important or exacting duty
devolves upon him than the selec
tion cf the field and time fur eon
test. He must know not merely
how to strike, but whereto strike
and when to strike. He often skill
fully avoids the strength of his. op
onents position and scatters confu
sion in his ranks by attacking an
exposed point when really the right
eousness of the cause and the
the Senate, against
efforts of Caleb Cushing and Henry
A. Wise in the House. In unshar
ed leadership, in the pride and
plentitude oi power be hurled
against John Tyler witli deepest
scorn tho masa o? that conquering
column which had swept over the
land in 110, and drove his adinw
istration to seek shelter behind the
lines of his ioliticaJ. iocs. Mr.
Douglas achieved a victory scarcely
less wonderful when, ia 135-1,
against the secret desires of a strong
administration, against tho wise
counsel of the older chlefe, against
the conservative instincts and even
the moral sense of the country, he
forced a reluctant Congress into a
repeal of the Missouri compromise.
Mr. Thaddeus Stevou8, in his con
tests from 18i5 to actually ad
vanced his parliamentary leader
ship until Congress tied the hands
of the President iind governed the
country by its own will, leaving on
ly perlunetorv duties to be d:sc-ltarg-
c-d by the Executive. With two
hundred millions of patronage, in
his hands at the opening of the
contest, aided bv the active force of
Seward ia the Cabinet and th mor
al power of Chase on the Bench,
T. . row. T)n.i .-.tifl lif .m . I
...v-... ............ - I, , ,-, , - . . ,
mandthe support of one-thud uf i naaneeu Ar i.reeiey in a series oi
either House against the Parluunen-
nxxrv remarkable or more creditable
thaji Iiis bearing through those five
full months of vituperation a pro
longed agony of trial to a sensitive
man, a constant and cruel draft
upon th jpowers of moral endur
ance. The creat mass of these un
just imputations passed unnoticed,
and with the general debri of the
campaign fell iiato oblivion. But in
a few instinees tie iron entered his
soul and he diei .with the injury
unforgotten if not aWorgiyen.
One aspH.t of Garfield's candida
cy was unprecedented.. Never be
fore, in the history f partisan con
tests in this country, bad a success
ful Presidential candidate fpokea
freely on passing events and cur
rent issues. To attempt anything
of the kind seems novel, rash, and
even desperate. The older class of
voters recalled the unfortunate Ala
bama letter, i: which Mr. Clay was
supposed to have signed his politi
cal death warrant They remem
bered also the hot-tempered effusion
bf which General Scott lost a large
slWe of his popularly before his
notaiaation, anel the unfortunate
spe'eeli which rapidly consumed
the rematinier. 1 ne younger voters
tary uprising of which Thaddeus
Stevens was the animat'ng spirit
and unquestioned leader.
r rom these three great men Gar
field differed in the quality uf his
mind, in temperament in the form
and phase of ambition. He could
not tlo wiiat thev did, but he could
do what they could not, and in the
breadth of his Congressional work
he left that which will longer ex
ert a potential influence among men.
and which, measured by the severe
test of posthumous criticism, will
secure a most enduring and more
enviable fame.
Those unfamiliar with !Garfielda
industry, and ignorant of the de
tails of his wcrlr, may in some de
gree measure them by the annah. of
Congress. No one ot the gi-r.eration
of public men to w hich he be.orrgt!
ias contributed so much tint will
vi:
Ie
future rc.ren.-e.
nunn-rsus, many
of them well studied, oarefully
jo vaiuar.
His speeches
for
are
phrased, and exhaustive, of the sub
ject under consideration. G llectod
from the scattered pa; of ninety
roval octavo volumes "f Congres
sional Record, they would present
an invalnabiw compendium f the
(olitical hist-rv of the m st ii port-
ant era througli which ; -j nr ional
len
of beginners. U hat a man gains m j strength ot logical intrencnmcr.i are
the House he gains by sheer force of; against him. He conquers often
. . . i it ii 1.
i..ipt an. it he l.isi-s ooi.i against ine ngnt ana meneavy
service i,m 4-iWn character, and
on courts martial of importance, in anj fells back he ruust expect no 1 battalions ; as when young Charles
which department of duty he won a mercv, and will receive r.o sympa-1 rox, in the etays ox lus toryism,
valuable re-nutation, attracting thelth,. It i n. fold in which the sur-: carried the House of Commons
notice and securing the approval of!
the able and eminent Judge-Advo-cate-Gencral
of the Army. That of
itself was a warrant to honorable
fame ; for among the great men who
in those trying days gave themselves,
with entire devotion, to the service
of their country, one who brought to
that service the ripest learning,- the
most fervid eloquence, the most va
ried attainments, who labored with
modesty nnd shunned applause,
who in the day of triumph sat re
served and silent and grateful as
Francis Dcak in the hour of Hun
gary's deliverance was Joseph Holt,
of Kentucky, who in his honorable
retirement enjovs the respect and
veneration of ail who love the Union
of the States.
Early in 1SG3, Garfield' was as
student of the Bible, and became fa- j signed "to the highly important and
miliar with its literature. The digni-
ble memorials and cseful ir.stitu-, ty and earnestness of his speech iu
responsible post of Chief of Staff to
General Rosecrans, then at the head
Kis maturer life gave evidence of this of the Array of the Cumberland.
tions.
From these two sources, the Eng-. early training. At eighteen years of
lish Puritan nnd the French Hugue-' age The was able to teach school, and
not. mme the late President his : thenceforward his ambition was to
father. Abram Garfield, being de-! obtain a college education. To this ' knowledge of men than the chief of
. now. u i seendetl from the one, and his moth-1 end he bent all his ef.rts, working j staff to the commanding general. An
indiscreet man m such a position
can eow more discord, breed more
Perhaps in a great military cam
paign no subordinate (Tfficer requires
sounder judgment and quicker
I. r-ut and e--half tnlla. lrhtr- r.at
' K lulu - a cut rraia end iia; market.
TEKMS EASY.
: A.'dtW
.4.W.vvUd Are ,
i, , l'-.i.v;tlpia. Pa.
" n. w. lcmai m, Iu-x .Wt
M 1 -O'a ) :w-lT
PMma KPV-. Pa!?t!nand ITawlnc.
ANNA A. PALM. Piano, e irxan abd Vocal enl
vn MKS. A. S. WILLI AMS . Matron.
A nrw l.ri.-it Imlldirr. lonr ttorit. li'l.l fret.
-irisritvlT fc I art- bani-ni. A tall cunt of
i-xtarrt Irve. Sujerjotccdeai Spelrcl and Jo lr
liun:-.-are ." jc It.-ktur-r. Mar. teacher
ut ir'tr Hit t rvaUT l '.
oerma. teVrr"cr pVo kis v-i--U er, Eliza Ballon, from the other.J ; ;n the harvest held, at the carpen-a-nary
traiuinr i-k. .,... It was rood stock on both sides ter's bench, and. in the winter sea-
-ar-..r ia rturw.i-i!i is vac jukuqw. . . .... ,, , , - . ..
sc t to . tii !,. r.u. id ir aiai.rii ' none lnttpr none warcr . none truer. son. teacfcin!r the common schools oi i leaiousv. ana aissemmate more strue
adc-rru:r-. .TV,.. in !( n inVprtf .irr rf iha ni;h.rhr. Yhi! ihni la- than any other officer in the entire
courage, of manliness, of adherance 1 boriously occupied he found time to s organization. "When General Gar
to principle. Garfield was proud of prosecute his studies, and was so field assuaied bis new duties he
his blood: and, with as much satis-j successful that at twenty-two years j found various troubles already well
I faction as if he were a British no-; of age he was able to enter the ju- developed and seriously affecting
bleman reading his stiteiy ancestral nior class at Williams College, then the value and efhciency of the Army
record in Burke's Peerage, he jcneler the presidency of the venera- j of the Cumberland. The energy,
spoke of himself as ni th in descent ( Lie and honored Mark Hopkins j the impartiality, and the tact with
from these who would not endure : who, in the fullness of his powers, j which he sought to allay these dis
the oppression of the Stuarts, and survives the eminent pupil to whom s sensions, and discharge the duties of
a week. i 4a. t bom aaBy , seventh in descent from the brave he was of inestimable service. I hia new and trying position will 'al
LfcEOY SI LPIIErs.
i midect.
i . id ETin and n. tcrt !.-cJ. he-1 -k - a wtei' tl YT toB. Si oa'flt
. ,M tinii.rUi.'i.ail wil waters, limt.j U' r fre. No rfck. Jenrttd-r .
e . '-. farm. r"l .-am Ik-o-p w...b t"J gV'a; i'sl nut rrj! d. We ill lur-
as . "tr.i l. lrs. Skene.! fr.n l- t- J 1J J c.n a eTerTii:r.r. Many ara
,d . '- " -I r.iitt. lc(l. P. R. K mitet. : uafci.. Ifinl la'lrt n.kt a. mart an Bra
thy
vival of the sttongest w the re-cognized
rule, and where no pretense
can deceive ard no glamour can
mislead. The real man is discover
ed, his worth is impartially weigh
ed, his rank is irreversibly decreed.
With possibly a single exception
Garfield was the youngest member
of the House when he entered, and
was but seven years from his college
graduation. But he had not been
in his seat sixty days before his
ability was recognizee, and his place
conceded. He stepped to the front
with the confideuce of one who be
longed there. The House was crowd
ed with strong men of both parties ;
nineteen of tliem have since been
transferred to the Senate, and many
of them have served with distinc
tion in the gubernatorial chairs of
their respective States, and on for
eign missions of great consequence ;
but among them all none grew so
rapidly, none so firmly as Garfield.
As ia eaid by Trevelyan of his parlia
mentary hero, Garfield succeeded
"becaue all the world in concert
could not have kept him in the
background, and because when once
in the front he played his part with
a prompt intrepidity and a com
manding ease that were out tne out
government has ever p;: -s
the history of this period stall be
impartially written, when war lecis
tion, nie-isur5 of reconstruction.
protection of hurn.n rights, atu-nd-
ment to the constitution, mainte
nance of publio -,.;. ci-i.a toward
rr-- ..-..iiii;t7ii, uuc iui -iics - i
revenue may oe reviewed, unsu. -rounded
by prejudice and discon
nected from partizanism,tbospeche
of Garfield will be estimated at their
true value, and will be found to
comprise a great magazine of fact
and argument, of clear analysis and
sound conclusion. Indeed, if no
other authority were accessible, kis
speeches in the House of Represen
tatives from December ISC'), to June,
1S.S0, wr-uld give a well connected
history u.id complete defense of the
important legislation of the seven
teen eventful years that constituted
his Parliamentary life. Far beyond
that, Lis speeches would be found
to forecast many great measures,
yet to be completed measures
which he knew were beyond the
public opinion of the hour, but
which he confidently believed
would secure popular approval with
in the period of his own lifetime,
and by the aid of his own effort3.
Differing, as Garfield does, from
the brilliant Parliamentary leaders,
it is not easy to find his counter
part anywhere in the records of
American public Iilf. Jle perhaps
more nearly resembles Mr. Seward
in hw supreme frith in the- all-con
quenng power of
had the love i
ti pr.iiet.e. lid
3e.ir:iirig, and the
orou4 iiny original addresses,
pr'-parinpthe pathway for his own
defeat. Unukindful ( f these warn
ings, unheedicjj the advice of friends,
Garfield spoke to large crowds as he
jaurneyetl to and from New York in
August, to a great multitude in that
cxty, to delegations and deputations
of .every kind that called at Mentor
durjjg the summer suul autumn.
Wit'i innumerable critics, watchful
and .eager to catch a phraicihat
might 6e turned into odium or ridi
cule, or a sentence that might be
distort! to hi.T own or his party't
injury, Gsr it ld did not trip or halt
in any one a. f his seventy speeches.
This seem alt the more remarkable
when it w rtEembered that he did
not write what he said, and yet spoke
with such logical consetjutiveness of
thought and such acknirable precis
ion of phrase as .to defy the acci
dent of misivpert and the jnaiignity
of misrepresentation.
In the beginning of Iili Prun-Jen-ti.il
life Garfield d experience did not
yield him pleasure or satisfaction.
The duties that engrossed so
lerge a portion of the President
tine were distasteful to him, and
unfavorably contrasted with his leg
islative work. "I have been deal
ing all these years with ideas,' h?
ImpxtientJy exclaimed one day,
"and here I am dealing only with
pfYsoas. I have been heretofore
treat ic if of the fundamental princi
ples of government and here I am
coafidesLag all day whether A or B
shall be appointed to this or that
office." lie was earnestly seeking-
-Oixie praotieai way of arrorHr,ii Ha
evils arising from the distribution
of overgrown aad unwieldy patron
age evils always appreciated and
often discussed by him, but whose
magnitude had 4cen more deeply
impressed upon hid mind since his
accession to the Peeaidency. Had
he lived, a comprehensive improve
ment in the mode of appointment
and tli tenure of office .would have
been prjposed by him, and with the
aid ot Congress no doubt perfected. .
But wiiile many of the Executive
duties wre not grateful to him, he
was assidaous and conscientious in
their discharge. From the very
outset he exhibited administrative
talent of a high order. He prasped
the helm of oCice with the hand of
a master. In this respect indeed,
he constantly surprised many who
were most intimately associated
with Lim in the government, and
especially those who had feared that
he might Le lacking in the execu
tive facnltj. His disposition of bus
inesss was orderly and rapid. His
power of analysis, and his skill in
classification," enabled hio to dis
patch a vast mass of detail with
singular promptness and ease. His
clear presentations of official sub
jects, his well considered suggestion
of topics on which discussion was
patent industry of investigation, to invited, his fpiick decision when all
' - - .- I ,1, 1 1 ,..!
which John Uumey Adams owes
his prominence and liis Presidency.
He had gome of those wnderou
t-Ietneot.s of mind which distinguish
ed Mr. Webster, and which indtwl.
in all our public life
creat Massauchtssetts
Live left the
Sena'r with
out an intellectual nee-
In English parlL-nientary history,
as in our own, the leaders in the
llou.-etf Common present points
of essential differe nce Vfm Garlit'd
P.ut some of his methods recall the
best features in the strong, inde
pendent course of Sir Rotx-rt lV-1,
against justice, against it- mimemo- land striking resemblances are Us
rial right3, against his own convic-1 cernable in the most prcmi.ir.g of
had been heard, combined to show
a thoroughness of mental training
a rare as his natural ability and
his facile adaptation to a n-w and
enlarged field of labor.
With perfect comprehension of
all the inheritances of the war. with
a e-ool calculation of the obstat Ics in
his way, impelled always by :t gen
erous enthusiasm, Garfield conced
ed that much might be done by his
rn. ministration towards restoring
harmony Utween the different por
tions of the Union. He was anxious
Sonth and speak to the pet
As early as April he had in
to go
tile.
tions, and, in the interests .f n cor
nipt administration, in obetlienee to
a tyrannical sovereign, drove Wilkes
from the seat to which the electors
of Middlesex had chosen him and
installed Luttrell in defiance, not
merely of law but of public decen
cy. For an achievement of that
kind Garfield was disqualified
disqualified by the texture of his
mind, by the honesty of his heart,
by his conscience, and by every in
stinct and aspiration of his nature.
The three mrst distinguished par
liamentarr leaders hitherto develop
ed in this country are Mr. ('lay, Mr.
Douglas, and Mr. Tcaddcus Stevens.
Each was a man of consummate abil
ity, of great earnestness, of intenset
personality, differing widely, cr.ch
irom the others, and yet witn a sin
mo-Jem conse-rvntives, who dinl too
early for his country and Lis flirne,
the Leird George Drntinck. Mr.
had all of Burke's love for tl.e Su
blime and the Leautiful, with, (?
sibly, something of his supr-raLu:i-
dacce : and his faith
JesiJ logic in his love of liteature. in
his wealth ar.d world of illustration,
one is reminded of that ereat Eng
lish statesman, of to-day, who con
fronted with obstatle-3 that would
daunt any but the dauntless, revil
ed by those whom he would rt
lieve as bitterly as by those whose
supposed rights he is forced to in
vade, still labor with serene cour
age for the amelioration of Ireland,
and for the honor of the English
gle trait in common the power to-; name.
command. In the give and take
of discussion, in the art of control
ling and consolidating reluctant and
refractory followers ; in the skill tr
overcome all forms of cppo&itior.?.
and to meet with competency and
courage the varying phases of un- j recent election a3 Senator for Ohio,
looked-for assault or unsuspected . kept him in the public
defection, it would be difficult to 1 man
and lxtod cirlt are rninr great y. fceadar
tl tv trM a I nHnrs at at.ta you ran make.
rTeai pa" ! tlx trae to w-. write It paruc-ul-r
1 P-. UiitmA C 1 rUand, Maine
lx lS-ly.
Ct"7Cl
01 made. ni ocU-Ure.
v .i , ABireria, aiaaa.
Addrva Tata i -r. . t , . . .l. -. . -.. .! i n-l - 1 .:. r " i:r. i I 11,. .).
Htf.ll-ljr J reuiu i lu.iTuiiiis ov luurcu 10 ; i j.c nil 101 v 01 Uiuueiua tie vj i w ujra leiiuim uuc o uic mi tuia-
cve as a
occupying the very highest
ward symptoms of the immense re-1 rank with these a fourth name in rank among those entitled to be
serves of energy, on which it was in i all our Congressional history. But ' called stitesnien. It was not mere
C" . i . . -a ar -.a . a .!
chance that Drought mm this n:gn
honor. "We mast," said Mr. Ein
crscn. reckon success a constitu
tional trait. If Eric is in robust
health and has slept well and is at
the top of his condition, and thirty
years old at his departure from
Gree-o'.anel, he will 6ter west and
his ship will reach New Foundland.
But take Eric oct and put in a
his power to draw." Indeed the; of these Mr. Clay was the greatest,
apparent reserved force which Gar- i It would, perhaps, be impassible
field possessed was one of Lis great j to find, in the parliamentary annals
characteristics. He never did soiof the world, a parallel to Mr. Clay.
well but that it seemed he could j in 1S41, when at rixty-four years of
have easily done better. He never age, he took the control of the
expended so much strength but that j Whig party from the President who
he secmetl to be holding additional j had received their suffrages, against
power at call. This is one of the . the power of Webster in the Cabinet
happiest and rarest distinctions of I against the eloquence of Choat ia
iieetttally endeavored to arrange a
trip to Nashville, whither be had
bet-n cordially invited, and he wa
agrtin disappointed a few weeks
later to find that he could rrot go to
South Carolina to attend the centen-
! itial celebration oi the Lowpens.
w. . m .a a a . .
i i tint f.ir thp nii?nrrtn . rt.I . It- in 1 1.
and magna- ; ,
nimitv, in his power of statement,; V " neing present atx..rt-
inhis'subtle analysis in his fault- mnal assemblies m the South,
lotr ee.ei'i.ti.uii ai luiaionn, u.r
tirnirig of the Cotton Exposition z.1
Atlanta, and the meeting of the
Army of the Cumberland at Chit
tanooga. He was already tu-nii g
over in his mind his address for
each occasion, and the three taken
together, he said to a friend, gave
him the exact ecepe and verge
which he Eeeded. At Yorktown he
vould have before him the assoeia
.ioiis cf a hundred yfars that bound
the South and the North in the sa
cred memory of a danger and a
common victory. At Atlanta he
would present the material interests
and industrial developments which
appealed to the thrift and independ
ence ot every household, and which
should unite the two sections by the
instinct of self-interest and self de-'
fense. At Chattanooga Le would
revive memories of the war cnl) to
show that pffrr all its disaster ar.d
all its suffering, the country was
stronger and greater, the Union
rendered indissoluble, and the fu
ture, through the agony and blood
of one generation, made brighter
i and better for alL
! Garfield's ambition for the in
j cess of his administration was hi g
With strong caution and conserva-
I (Con&udtd on Fourth Pogf.)
Garfield'i nomination to the Pres
idency, while not predicted or an
ticipated, was not a surprise to the
country. His prominence in Con
gress, his solid quantities, his wide
reputation, strengthened by his then
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