u
Terms of Publication.
The Somerset Herald
iniLI'sho ovisry ".Ve.lnevlr.jr Morning at fit 00
,.-r annum, if aid in adnovollierajii tJH
ill luvai lub'y l charv-P".
No fulxu-ripuoii will bau.siMiitliiueil uutll all ar
ris rate are pat.l up. Postmaster m-glertlnf to
euttfy wlien ulerllicr do not takeout their
aars will hld liable fat the fulavrlpHi.
SaLmTltmrii removing; frin one PoMolBc to an
ther rhnald jtlve a the nme of the rrniera
well an the preint ..nVa Adirc
Somerset Printing Company,
v JOHN I. SOi'LU
. t ltuslness Manager.
r H ftlSTUETHWAITK. ATTKNKi
. alLs.S..iii.T..l,a. -r..t-.--Liim! bus -
n.Ysrrsvwiiully f..li. itd and puii. iu..lly attend-
e.l u.
1-'J.IAM 11. KtMINTZ. A rTt'KNlCV AT
liw. S..iucr-i r.. ill ivp ir.MiM ""
tii.ututiiwM futru.tel U. ii'rrlurii-n.l
n.l Ui a.l..iiii.K ouiitle. Oltii-a In Prmuim
Hituso Kw.
I' J. fciKKSKK.
AtfoKNtV AI1.A,
Snwrmt. Penoa.
- . . . , . v- ITTIIU'VVV ATl"
aii.I I.-!.t in r.-al .-stale, N.im-nwt
tuil.t to all lu-iln
m rntruMed to li
jir'HUiucii and ti.i'lity.
au. IJ l) .
(i. txibi:
ATTOKNKY AT LAW,
Nonar.n't l' t ru-ii.mal hushm-m eu'msici
to uiy care attended iov.nn pmnipiufaudn.fi.
a. h. con-acriC
KHrKOTH a. RITPKU ATTOKNKVS Al
Kj Lw. All I-UMI..-M rnirusiKt H.eireHrewill
I.. , ,tf.iilyandirtiii.-iualiyatu-ioJ to
irru k- Hi Main Cms tl, upiMie nt
Malliiil.itli Hiixa.
lollN It. CHU ATTt.KS.iY AU..
I .-r-t I'a- willimaiiptly awn.itall
"truT.-d '. him. M.m a.lv..-.-d ..lU-eii...n
k.c. Ott.oe in Mani:ii.itli Huildiim.
I AM ES L. rUGH,
ATTOKNKY AT LAW,
Uws'Mhl. tulo. eaamini-d. and all 1 .i "ui
,.,.,. at t.-u.!o,l lowlih pnnipliu alio n.l. my.
julj li
HUN u. KHIMKI-
ATTt KXKY AT LAW,
J
S-hi.i-s'-1
. . ' ... .. -n.l .l l.kiltllllF 'IUII-
l ai l altttio l i ' """-'' -
;:MpV...dhiei..y. yzm-
I I KNKV K.SOHKLU ATTORNEY ATLAW,
II an.1 H-mny an IViiHitin A(tl-l.l.''l"'"'-1.
oin-e in .Maiunmih i!.a. jau. ii-u.
e,rLO.THKR. - PAfl.n.A.T"KB.
- - A1T11KK i U AlTHr K. Atl. n.. yi. ac Law.
I s'.', 'r.. t. l-..n-a. All pmlMHial ,uue
,r.ll,plly.Ueu:-Ho. .ih-e lu H..TI l.lm-k, up
l..ir.
,le.'4-TS. -. -
Vt" j! H. L H A K ti, athikskys AT
LA W, S..m.-rw1, Pa., will pr.u-.ui- lu Sm-er,.-.
ami adS.ii.iMt o.ui.ites All tjUMi.. en
truKtrd iu """in "HI ' pr-mptlv ailrn.lo.i to.
I AW N(iTiril-Al.-xaii.lrr H. (Sdlmth has
L rr-uin.-dtheprani.i- u. Iw in .m.-r-t and
d,.Hlmm" ...,11i-..' O. in Mammoth l.ml.m.
' ich. ii, "Tu. ...
I OllN U. COTT,
" ATVUUXKVATLAW.
s,.m. i.-i Pa 'iii. ,''K,r u,,rUl K ",' ' ,V
A,M.i...' .-i.truM.-l to l...,car..Ki..!.-d.o.'h
pr-i..p ii.-i- an.: U'.lr- -
I i K. MILLKK h pern I'-ii-ly l'"ed
I I in ivrlitl-rshe pr.-:i: ol In- pr- osiou.-iti.-r
..pi-.i fliarir h.rifiuir-r t..n.
apr. Si, "U-lf.
i uiwtH icn..er 1.1? pniteMhinHl
1)K',
-n-ii-emniic. ' . , u-r
im.-e iu r.:sideu, ue door w,-t vt the Mar-
.i.i vi-in-
nirl H.iUfO.
I K K. M K1MMKL will wmtlnuf to praie
I I'V. ....... ........... i.i i.r..u-?i.mal corvt-
r -U?iil. -lire, nui nu-- , 4.
o- I., the ..iiixi-u ..I iS-um-r-ol and rp.ui.dn.t
cmi.trv. at tueoldplare.alrw.l.-.rfcat
ol the ilUde H.iums.
nK Wm! tHILLINS. 1IKNTIST, S-.m.-raet,
i-a. o,h.-e inr:.HcN-r B1.K.-H. up Mairn
wl.-re he cao at r.H tiuiM- ' pr.-par.-d to Jo
ail kind. d ..r, a. h a nlllin. r.-uuwtiua. -lra.-u..K.
.c. Arnlx-iHl t-ih ol all k.nua. and "I
tlie tn maieru.l.iue.-ried. lmtiou warranted.
S. (iOUD,
PHYSICIAN tt- SURGEON,
SOMKBSIX 1A.
Wlirmt In Mammoth BloHi " "l
AisicEisra: dentist,
SOMKKSI I , l'A.
Havmif e. v.-ral vfarti- x-ri-nre. If lully pre
i.arr.l t.. N.-Tlrtu all ..la-ralioiifMl-" tli.-i-.-tli -Arnh,ial
I.-U. .....r.e.l on all the iinpn-vci da ,
Iron. oi. to an.-i.iir.- -t. Pr. ei-ati.... .d t ' nat
ural twil. fpw-iHlty. Olh'i- tw...l...r e-t ot the
Soin-rwl Hoiiw. Sati'la-lioii ifiiaranu-ed.
airl4
"W"M. COLLINS,
ii:xtist,
t ifti'-e l.-vc rnMi.fr fc Frrnx-'. fore. S.mTl,
Pa In Hie Lift lili.-.-n vraro 1 have n;atlv re
.1.d the priee ol ar.ih.ial t.i-th ll. I M I da" r
Tl.er..i.anl inrea-iiif .lemand '..''"
tn-il me I., w. etiUrxe my la. iliii. f lhat ran
make .! "I teeth at lower prm-MImn y..u
ran itei them ill any other pla-e l tln country .
aM."Wi..ak...aK l lol te. il. ..r.nd II
there id...uld I hiiv 8in.iitiiiytl.uwii.l
l eu-t.-m.-m inih.orthe .!i.-ii.m cam lei-that
1 have made teeth lor thai i'liot irivii.if k.-I at
tidartion. they can call n me at any tune and -et
a in w n-t treeot eliarttc.
u.arla
DM. a i. MILLKU, alurtwt he
v 'V ac'lve practice In Shnkville, hai
n..w ta'ra . -iit.il ha-aKil at Somen--! lor the j.rac
tice ol m '.li.. "d teiid-n- his- prolc-iona! -er
rlce to t:. clttrenf l Somerwl and vicinity.
iltri-c In II." l'mif Siore, opposite ll.e Hunict
Houw, w -re he ran i -cie-ulted at ullt.u.en
unle' ,- -.(n.vloiially eniraif'-d.
lalU promptly ai.Kril.
dec. IS, ly.
J
OHX KILLS,
DENTIST.
'lce In t'otlroth fcNefl'a new l.ui'.dh.K.
Main t:r..K Mreet.
Souic-m-t, la.
rivll
HT I FI C ALT K KT 1 1 ! !
.1. V. Vl'TZY.
D EI. T I S T
DALE CITY, jotnertet Co.. Pa.,
rtln-hil Teeth, war inted to I ofthe verytiert
uualitv. Lile like ai d landmine. Inverted in the
Ih at'vle Parti.-ulai ti.-iition paid to the pre
ervati'in "1 the natural teeth. Tl..e wifIiiiik to
e..i.ult ni hy letter, cai de m hy nc.li:n tmp
A.ldrc'F aa al.ve. ieli 7V
ILL HOUSE.
.UlHN HILL, Pit.irKiKToa.
The proprietor l prcpar -c . ace. nntniMlate eiictv
in theiwct cml'-nalde and i.l.-.orv manner.
The travelina nuhlie and -rmaiient lr l. r lur-ni-licd
wnh Hie liert ol liol.d a-.-oi.iiii.laii..nv.
The tHlilee will naitinue t lc lurnilie. will, the
a-t the market aflor.;. I-arae and .i.m...i..u
rtaldiur altache.1. Jania
I)
1AMO.MI IIOTKL.
S?0KTOUX 1A.
SAMI'Ki. CI S'l I '-K, Proprietor.
Thin ii-t 'r and well known hooae le at all
timet a ileirMe ff.ppmit place l.-the iraveliua
pul.llc Talde and rl.Kin.a Hrrt-elam. Iha.leta
i.Iiiik K-ka leave dml ! JohnHown and
Somen'. B",rU-
J Ml. Ml Kft.
Laura hi- it"
Agents for Fire and Life Insurance,
JOHN HICKS & SON,
somi:i!si:t, ta..
And Real Estate Brokers.
isTAiii-isin:i i-.v.
P.-r.ni. whu uolreto h-11. Ih.v or ex.-hnne pn.p
env. rf lor rent will tind it to tl.eir advantage lo
reir'ivier the dee.-ripll.io turret, uoeharacia
made unlew Md.l or n-nted. Keal mate burmeci
i.nerally whlbe promptly attended to.
auyls.
II
OMKS OH ALL.
1 have f. ealc jk term wll'dn the r. acb ot ev
ery aola-r, lielo- rioni individual, houat-a. Ma.
laria. tinua-r lauda. mm. rai 'an. .a. l.uiloli.K lot".
Vc , iuu.Ucrem r. ' li. wuniy. in panvlK . I
Iniui otie-iourtk ol an acre, up to l.Ht acjva. II-
H. w.rr.l.t.0. Tcruia out- ulth in lirad awl th
Is la nee in ten equal annual pa; miti'a, 4rpcr!y
ecured.- iMi-d -pplv iho ; not t toiler
and liHluittrlouii haiilta. t all , .nr; lh
ir.4rtic wiU he lur rent II w 1 am.
mi
Ji 1
VOL. XXIV. NO. 50.
Hani
JOHNSTOWN SAVINGS BANK,
120 CLINTON STUEET,
JOHNSTOWN. I'A.
t'iinr.cml Scpii'tuiKr 12. l-7'. IriciiH recW
e,l ,,i U cuuiK ua Ub Ui.lu lwl;.ir. i'r.s iil
rittvot UiUTrl ior out. liiirrwi in iue in
! lU 'tiiiitf o.Juuu muI i-ot mttt-r, au I 11 nt
i: thliawn l U'Ltl to ilio 'lt Hu tfiuc c.mijHiun-utii,(iwit-e
, )eur v4iiiiii ir.mttUtix lit tirpt-si-Ivii
in call t-r ron t ir.rviil the iit jHu-tt Ikh1..
Ah-Ui lvMiuM mi ..c.ii cmji:. PrvltTifeUie. with
IUmthI r-tic iiu-i 4m;c iiik, uriveu tit h.irr-twerf ul
It-rtiM lirm nun tta .urn luruu wrfh turT u.re
I imcp tiiu utiii'UuL i ItMiu 4t?ir,l. (iHl rcit-r-fiHt'
nTi- til i-i. tu. , rUirti.
1 tiiit cot i.tr-m"ii if I'X'-tiii-tVcly Siivim;! Dank.
iSu tNtlllllttTt'lill IfJrimHI reO'lVtM. Iltr ullMttUlllfl
uiM tc. iiuni- "ti iKTexHiat iM-curuy.
iilaiik ui-i'li;u-un imt UtrrowtTH c)ilt9 the
rui- n. t -iafth Hint cikh.i1 Ihw rcti iuk 10 (be
liutikfr'Ui io .ilij mliln-N'' iqUcrU-U.
l Kl rVrbKM .i.iIUtt t M iHt'l IiHTt, 1).
I'.. i,.u. A.J. ilMWcH, K W . iicty J-lm ljwmaii,
1. H. I-ni-lv. IHAiiifl .i lAUKliiiii, I. J. Alom-ll,
if l iiit H. A. iiuKr. i.rtiiii SiwH, iiK
1 . Svr.mk. .Irtiin'i Moil lien, J aiuvs Ait. rtvy mui
W. W. j I vn.
lMnii-1 .1. Mum H. In'i'1nt; Krik IilM-rt.
Truafurvr; tyru,i -lUr, Stliiiir. iit)V-4.
.I. O.KDDIELiVSO.NS,
lSUciM?lS-P to
Schell & Kimmel,
SOMEILSET, PA.
Accounts of Merchants and oth
er Business People Solicited. Drafts
negotiable in all parts of the Coun
try for sale. Money loaned and
Collections made.
jaul-
Cambria County
BANK,
SO. SSw F4TKKKT.
JOHNSTOWN.PA.,
Heury S-hualde rtrt.-k Hul iltR '
A Ut-ueral HnMkini? !iiineMTl unladed.
Iirafte and tlol I an.! llier t.ui:ltt and aal'l.
t;,,ll-lioi. made in all p.rtf "I the I ntte-1 States
aiidl'ana.ia tntcriH all-wed at the rate ol Ml
pr ce.il. per annum, it I. ti sit m.-tit ln or hwKer.
Spt-rit.larraiiifeni.iita made with Ouardlana and
oihepi wl... Imld moneys in truM.
apr.l 16-73.
JOHN DiBERT. JOHN D.ROBERTS.
JOHN DIBERT & CO.,
BANKERS
CORNER KAIN AND FEANILIN STREETS,
JOHNSTOWN, PA.
4H'iirtilM of iercliHiitM and
oIImt lniaiiiwM people noliclt
IcrHl'lH nKotlakl' In nil
pari ol Ihr -ouiilrj Tor Male.
Iuih) l.otmeMl hikI Collect ion
.Made. Inler'l al I lie rate of
Si I'er 'ti(. mt a mi ii in al
loMetloii Time lcpoilM.
Saviiie lepoit Bookn lwii
el. and InlereM I "oin pounded
Seiiii-aiimially when detdred.
A t;-ii-rai litinkiiig 15d-iin s Tmns u ted.
Keh. 10.
Tolacco M Cips,
t r-"f
WHOI.BfALB AND RKTAIL,
- SrtviJ1 ,1, z,,,,,,,'r,,,a,,
Xxn Cross St ,
Somerset, lenna.
The hc.t of elitan. of .UnVrcnt hrands. manufac
tlired l.v hili.- lu ..( the l."i.-ct ol tol.a.-coe.
Thefe ci'uaie cannot U-ex.-.-ll.-.l hy any In (he mar
ket, t'l.e ol the U-Kt H.-k of .I.eWllllt tohacv
rti-t l.rouaht to Somcrio-t. l'rh-e to i-uil the
tuned. J""-
New Firm.
SHOE ST0EE,
SNYDER & UHL
Hating: ptirehaMed the Slioi
More lalel) owned ly
II. f. IleerltH.
We take pleasure In calllnt: the attention of
Imhlic to I he l.ict that we have now and el pec
;ep roiiFtantly u haixl ue complete au
ment of
Boots, Shoes
and Gaiters
HOTII OF
Eastern and Home Manufacture
an can t f.-und anywhere. We aim will have ot
hand constantly a full rupply of
solt: leather,
.MOROCCO.
CALF SK1XS,
Kirs.
. AND LlMN(i SKINS
(if all kind", with a mil line of
Shoe Findings.
' Th V'lJiE MANITAtrrrRK HEPAKT
1 E. T w 111 iu . .Jir. e of
1ST. 13. Hnyder. Ewq.
Whowreputa'ioa Tor making
. f 1 1 i a r j r:t
UOOQ worn ftr.t ouuu tun i
Mm
In a.-cml to none in the Statt. The puj.le I- rr
tlullv luvitel a call and e.ji:or.u.it,
ae we are determine 'o keep koo.Ii. aay.a J aa taa
heai a f II t ;rfit- r low u 'he low. tt.
SNYDER & UHL.
HI o
MiceIlaneous.
rriiKToxs
AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA
.NEW REVISED EDITION.
Lilt truly rewritten !y tue ahleat writer on every
uiec.t. rruitvU irotn new type, aud illuatralou
wilu aeveral kuouaaau enrvujK auu uiapa.
I he wura ormiuuily puidtatital under the title of
iHka an&kkaji tiaii-auu. a waa uou.piel
ouiuiho aiu.ra wuiea time Uie wtdv ctntuuiHiu
w.il. u it ua. aUaiuou lu all puru oi ll.e luiieu
bvatea. auii int. aiKi.at uevelopiuuuia wuit-u UaV.
uiau piAx iu every bntucn ol acii-uue, liieraiure,
aiioai.. uaVte iuuuce.1 tne eaiior auO putdiaiiera
to nuouiit lo au exact and tliorougli reviMou. aud
mimua uuw wiuoiteuuiieu lua Auaa.LAa J-
CUf-AU.A.
itoiu .h lal ton ycam ll.e l.roareM ol dla-
covirj iu evury uupariuioul ol anoa lwlae haa
u.u.ic a new work ol relereuue au itupcraUv.
Wauu
1 lie uioi vuioul ui puilllcal aUairabaa kept paoe
Klin llo: olac-ovurlea ol ai-.lcu.-v. auu llieir .ruiiui
app.icauou lu luu luuiuu-ia, auO uaeiui ar.a, auu
tu c.u. colcu'e auo rvuuclu.ot o. ll.e.-
Op:iiHnii auu o.4ia.-uoiii ia u,UiU4 uave oc
cuiiou. iuvo. iiik uaii.ju-Ai ciuui w. peculiar mo
tutu., inc civil war ol our own country, whiuli
ut al us uoikUiwiiou Uie last volume l the old
afa aj.l.iuu, naa happily leu euoeu, and a
ucw cuitrn: ,a aotuwert-iai auu uaiuiu-uuMuiiij
haa owu niiuluriMWU.
L-.Ko acceMioua looar KWRraphl.-al kuoWlei.H
hac nun luaue o ll.e luueiaUKaUlc explorer ol
Airica.
lue ureal uoliiical revolutions ol the laaldecade.
wuu mi. u4urui re.uil ol ll.e lapse ol lime, have
i.p.Uici.i into view a multitude oi new tutu, whom
uau.es art- lu every out: cuiouiu, and ol whoee live
every out- if curiou. ui kuow ll.e parik-ulara. Ureal
naui.-s naie oeeu louht and imponaul aieiiea
uiatuuiii.eo, ol wuicb iihi tleialls area yet pre
acrveu uuty iu Hie uewfipapere or lu the ir.uialent
pul.lua ioi.sol il.e uay, hut whicli oi hi now to
lake ll.ttr place in pvrmaueul aud auuielllic his
tory. lu preparing t he prercut edit km lor the pre. It
hanactMroliiKiy lieeu tueaim ol lueedilom lo hrin
Uowu the ih.oruiaiioii to the lateH p.eilile datea,
ami to lurmali au accurate aocounlol Ihe niont re
cenl oiKxveric iu -ieDce. ol every trcnh proOuc,
lion in U-Uralure, au.l ol ll.e uewuM invention iu
the practical arte, well a lo give a urcluol and
orlmi.al record ol the prod re a ol political aud hht-ton.-al
events. .
The work haa heen Ih-kuii after lima; and careful
preliminary lalair, and with the iu.iit ample re
urx: lor carry iiig ll on lo a uocewlul termina
tion. None ol the original teretype plate have been
ui-e.1, hut every pae haa heeu pnuteO ou new
t, lormiiiK iu ia.e.1 a new Cyclopatdia. wiihlhe
Mine plan and conipan a it predea-emmr, hul
with a lar artater pucuniary expenditure, aad
with uch improvtmeiitain It couiaitlin a have
lajen KUKKCtied hy iotiger exneuce and enlarged
kuowleutie.
I he illustration which are lntroduewd for the
hmi time lu the present eoltkoo hare oeen w"
not lor ll.cm.keol pictorial eneci, ouv ...
eidily aud lon-e lo the explanation In IheU-xt.
Tk... .......r u i,r.tii.irmi -ivnc and of natu
ral hialory. and depict the ln.ast lam.Mi and re-markalili-
leaiure ol aceuery, architecture and
art, a well am lie vari-H... pna-ewie ol uiechaulca
and manula.-iureni. Allhouiih li.leo.ied lor ln
Klruitioi. rather than einla-lliahnient, no tn
have twvu 8ittred to IliMire their artisUeeiocl-It-ii.t);
thecoi.1 id their excculion in enormous, and
It in believed they will hud a welcome reception a
an admiruMe l.-ature ol me uyciopsroia, au-
thin work is .dd to Vuhwrlher only, payable
.......it.. .rv ... ... l, volume, li will I coiuiiielwd
in mxt.-rn larne ociavo volume, each eontalntna
ala.ut koo paac, nillT llluatratetl, with aeveral
ihourand Wood Engraving, and with numerou
colored Lithographic Map.
PRICE AND STYLE OF BINDING.
In extra Cloth, perrol
In Lihrary Leatlier, ift vol
In Halt Turkey Morrocoo, a?r vol T
I.. 11 ..If .Tlr. vllt tier T.ll ........ 1
In lull Mornwco. anthpje, gilt edge, per vol . 10
In lull Knaal. per vol
Foiincenvoiumer now ready. Succeeding volume
until completion, will tie trwued one miw.ini.inth.
,Siecimen ige ol the American t'yelolaj
dla. ii'iowlng tvpe, illantration, etc., will he sent
gratia on application.
Firm claa. caavaasing agent wanted.
Addrea 5. H. WILLIAMSON,
Agent, No. 10 SlithSL, Pituburgb, Pa,
dec3
URLIKG, FOLLANSBEE & CO.
Merchant Tailors,
And Mannlaoturen ol
Gent's. Youth's and Boys,
FasbsumaUe ClolMiii anl
FMisliiii Gools.
121 Weod Stiwt, corner Fifth Afrnne,
PITTSBURGH.
aprl.
LATE ROOFS.
I,.a. wtin are now hull.Ilnif nonw snouia anow
tha' . It cheaiicr In the Uwig run to put on Slate
K.adf th .n tin or shingle. Slate will laat forever.
and m. repair? are required. Slate give the pur
et water lor clslem. Slate I fire proof. Every
g.a.t houwhuld have a Slate roof. The under
figned in located in C'uinlwrland, where he bat a
g.aat eUf.ply ol
Peachbottom & Buckingham
lor r.filng the very let artk.de. He will ander
t'lke to put Slate Kiadaon Houne. pul.llc and pri
vate, spire. tc.. either In town T country at the
lwe,t prli-ea. and to warrant the.n. Call and ee
him a.l.lre him at his Ortlce, No. 110 Haltimor
Street, tumiwrland, Md. Onler may be left with
NOAH CASEBEEK,
Agent, Somerset, Pa.
Wi. H. Shiplet.
Apii th, 1T.
t;. A. Wiltu,
C. W. Tri-iau
Cheap Store!
DRY GOODS, OROCIRIE8,
KARMINtl IMPLEMENTS,
HARDWHRE, GRAIN, tie.. Ke,,
For Oah or Produce.
(Jebharth, Ya.
marl 6
1876 WAIL PAPER, 18B
Iteeoratlve novellle f.ir the coming spring ar
ranged. The tiest Parisian house lully represent
ed. Kastlake Papers with arl without Dados.
S.-arlei emlaa.se.1 and Pehl.le Ground Paiers com
plete assortro.-ot. New Hall Pilasters on S.-reen.
very re.-her.-he. American Gold Ground, Gilt,
Satin. Plain 'ln aa.se. Damnsk, Kc., Pi rst Prize
5 Uver Metal ua-anled at imposition.
Nprclal Prior, lo Denier).
Ie Zouehc A Co.,
101 Fifth avc, next to Postoflco.
PlTTSBL'TtlU, PA.
March 22.
T. D. ANS.
ARCHITECT.
Ass returned trom Eoroj. OIBo Fifth
Avenue.
IMTTfSltl'RGir.
March 22.
PATENTS NnehaeKek'TTellmlnarysearcll.
OBTAINED ?fo leesln , '.v ,:,.-. No lees nn
lew Mutawiul. Manual, wlti reh.rc-.-i , free.
tftflors In Washington nnd P.illaUelpli.tv. We
era Office,
CiNS'lUV WROS. kMt-TIGHE.
msnSt 'JU Kiltb Are, Pitt!wrg)i. Pa.U
1 K ! U CIZ 1IO US II
CA1M OI A LEWI.
Prota timm MU
And Wholesale ltealcr.-. u.
bttti'r, I'.vg; Flour, Lsri, Vkette, Str 'i, Creea
KlT""flSS PROMPTLY MADE
331 Like-ray M FITaTIirKO, PA.,
All ' ttertof Inttutry in vesjard to the state of
.Hi earu: 3tr other huaio. matters, -promptly
at.-w.a-- J bteocll I'latea aad Trie Cmrrvnu fur-
V-iaJWA Mejll.
omen?
KEEP A STIFF I'PPEK II F.
There ha something gone wrong
My brave lajy. It appears.
For I see your pnm.1 itrnggl
To keep beck tears.
Till w right. When yon cannot
Give trouble the slip.
Then bear, (till keeping
"A Miff upier llpr'
Though you cannot escape
Disappointment and care.
The next best thing to do
Is to learn how to bear,
If when for lire's prices
You're ruuuli.g your trip,
Get up. start again
'Keep a stiff upper lip!"
J.aU your bands and your conscience
He honest and clean;
Seo n totoui'h or think of
The thing thai I mean;
Hut hold on lo the pare
And Uie light with arm grip,
Aud though banl I at the task,
' Keep a SUIT upper Up!"
Through child haxat. through manhood,
Through life to the end.
Struggle bravely ami l and
By your odors, my friend,
Only yield when you must;
Never "give np the hlp,"
But fight on to the last
With a Mill upper lip."
AN OPEN LETTER.
To the Chamber of Commerce.
Gentlemen: If you will indulge
m, I will lay before the CbarubrT
some data relative to narrow gauge
railways. The theories and the con
cliiHions derived from the employment
of this system as a means of inland
transit, as jrivtn below, are those
emenatiiig from practical and scien
tific sources. It is, perhaps not gen
erally known how extensive the nar
row gauge system of railroads has
come into use,, how successfully they
have been operated, and with how
much favor tbey are considered. The
first decrease in width between the
rails below the standard four feet
eight and a half inches, uiug steam
as a motive power, was quite radical.
The famous Festinio railway, from
the slate quarries, in North Wales, to
Portmadoo, fourteen miles originally
constructed in 1832 as a horse tram
way, tweoty-tbree aud a half inches
gaoge, was converted in 1863 into a
steam railway, and has since been
operated as such, retaining the same
gauge, and obtaining the most satis
factory results. Although this may
be considered in a measure accident
al as to its inception and subsequent
conversion, it has nevertheless been
the starting point from, and the mod
el upon, which thousands of miles of
roadwav have been subsequently con
structed and operated, with marked
success. In Switzerland, Belgium,
France, Italy, Austria, Russia, Nor
way, Sweden, Germany, India, New
Zealand, Austrailia, Mexico, South
America, Canada, New Brunswick,
ind Prince Edward's Islaud road
ways adapted to steam locomotion,
varying in width between rails from
30 inches to 42 inches have been con
structed, and their projectors, demon
strating bvor,4 quesliotv- that they
are capable of providing nervice am
ply for all the requirements of any or
dinary traffic. Even in China a rail
road of thirty incn gauge is being built;
this too "when the iron horse is now
being introduced for the first time in
the flowery Kingdom." In fact,
throughout the whole of the Old
world, imperial and governmental
commissions have, during the last five
years.thoroughiy examined and inves
tigated the subject of these modern
modes of transportation, with, as
an invariable result of their labors,
the unqualified recommendation tor
the adaption of gauges varying from
32 inches to 42 inches. The follow
ing taken from a paper read before
the New York Cheap Transportation
Association in September last, will
be of interest on this subject and il
lustrative of the tendency of all the
reports. Mr. J K. Horuisb, Presi
dent o the forty-first Parallel Hail
road Co., the autLorof this document
referred to says:
"The Hust-ian roads were project
ed and built on the five-foot gauge.
They were all practical failures. Five
years ago the Government took up
ihe subject, an imperial commission
was appointed, composed of Count
Alexis lJibriunkog, president, and
ten others, eminent engineers and
managers This commission, in con
nection with the Duke of Suther
land and representatives from the
India office aud the Board of Trade
in England, together with emiuent en
gineers, representatives from Sweden,
France, Norway, Switzerland and
North Germany, visited Portmadoc,
Wales, for the purpte of investigat
ing the Festiniog railroad, of a gauge
of twenty-three and one-balf inches.
Extensive tests were made. The
whole subject was as fully examined
as their limited experience in narrow
gauge roads admitted. The result
the Russian Government at once in
augurated a change of gauge on all
its roads, which has been in progress
or execution ever since. A gauge of
three aud one-balf feet has been
adopted, and the result is most ;iis-
factory. Their trams now corry reg
ularly 355 tons, exclusive of engine
aud tender, on grades of one in eigh
ty -Uve, some of which grades are
five miles in length. Here i 2Jb
tons of paying freight, per traiu, al
lowing two pounds of paying
freight to one of non-paying,
as is fairlv admitted by tho character
of llie cars. ucu a uusicess in en
tirely beyond the capabilities of a
standard gauge road. According to
tbo estimates of the New York State
Engineer, 5 standard gauge locomo
tive will carry on a frty-foot grade
only 186 t-ins of paying tonage.
In the United States the first nar
row gauge railroat) projected was the
Denver aud Rio Or nude, commenced!
ia 1&71. DuriDg tLjt year seventy
six n.ilt'8 were vcustruca-iJ , in 1872
cii'hty -seven miles; in 1ST 4 ui'j
miles; aud in 1875 two miles; aud
to date a toul -f 210 miles; being
the longest continuous narrow gauge
railway in the country. This nmd
was projected by and is beiug buitt
under the management of General
Palmer, a gentleman well informed
and experienced in railway matters.
It is proposed to con;iaue the road
fvO miles to El rM on the Mexican
border aud theuce to the capital ot
that Republic, 370 miles further; also
to construct a braiii.h from Trinidad,
to which point it is rapidly pushing,
through Now Mexico and Arizona
with Sau Dit-o aa a Pacific terminus.
set
ESTA H L I SHED, 1897.
'SOMERSET. PA., WEDNESDAY, MAY 24, 187G.
General Palmer 4fter fitudying the
European narrow gauge line, "and
carefully weighing all the statistics
aud considering the interests and re
quirements of the section of - territo
ry thmugh which the line would
pass, decided to adopt a irauge of
three feet as the one b.-st adapted to
the many and diversified wants of
Southern Colorado and New Mexico "
How wise bis conclusion has prov
ed may be judged from the following
extracts from au annual report of that
Company :
"With concentrated or heavy
treight, which constitutes on this, as
in nearly all railroads the bulk of the
tonage to be transported, the advant
age realized hss been thirty-five per
cent, It is
the cae with almost any kind of
freight that, whatever a car ou the
D. A: R. G. R. R l-i.Ms of g.x.d up
t five and a-half i.his is so much
clenr gain to it. That is, it can car
ry that much in each ear as cheaply
m the wide gauee road ran run its
cars empty." The fact that this com
pany continues to construct its line,
after having operated it since Decem
ber 171, the date at which the fir.-t
train was run over the road then
completed (seveuty-aix miles from
Denver to Colorado - Springs), being
able, when it is difficult to iuduce cap
ital to enier any new enterprise, more
especially railroads through undevel
oped localities, is sufficient alone to
indicate that investor, the most care
ful and cautious of businessmen, are
satisfied with the ultimate results of
the system. General Palmer - says,
after four years' experience with the
road's oerations : "Every dollar ex
pended to obtain a wide guage would
have been useless." )
This road cost per mile with equip
ments $I3,.r00, while the Denver ex
tension of the Kansas Pacific, with
standard guage and with a similar
character of work, though the Den
ver regular guage is somewhat the
heaviest, both roads having been
built undr the same engineering su
pervision, cost with equipments $23,
500 per mile nearly double. As to
the traffic capacity; of these two
roads, I will quote again from the re
port referred to above. It says:
"The contents of a train of sixteen
loaded cars (which weigh eight and
a half tons each when empty) arriv
ing at Denver on the broad gauge
road, transferred to the D. it R. G.
railway, is placed on twenty narrow
gauge cars, the empty weight of
which is something less than three
tons. The comparison stands as fol
lows; Sixteen wide gauge cars, dead
weight 136 tons, paying load 160
tons, total, 296 tons twenty narrow
gauge cars, dead weight 60 tons, pay
ing load 160 tons, total 220 tons :
waving in total -weight seventy-six
tons, in favor of narrow gauge.
This is equivalent, after allowing for
the weight of cars 'necessary to carry
it, to fifty-six tons additional freight
which the narrow gauge train could
take without any-Increase of weight
over tne broad gauge train."
The total mileage of narrow gauge
roads in the United States completed
and in operation is 1,889 miles. Ct
these l'J7 miles are in the State of
Pennsylvania, the Peachbottom rail
road being the longest, sixty miles
from Oxford, on the Philadelphia and
Baltimore -Central to York. This
road was commenced in 1872. and
has just been completed. The aver
age cost per mile, including equip
ment, being $11,500 and the Presi
dent of the company, in his report
and statement to the Peausylvania
Auditor General in 1874, says:
"It is being built solely by local
contributions. It is
doing all kinds of work at less cost
of operating, owing to a very great
reduction ia dead weight. The
friends of the road hope, in course of
time, to be able to extend it west
ward through the southern tier of
counties of this State."
1 have just received a letter from
the same gentleman, in which he
says:
"We have prospected as far west
from here as Scotland, on the C. V.
11. R. (fifty-five miles west from
York, and 167 miles west from Phil
adelphia), and find the route entirely
practicable and cheap to build on.
We hope to extend westward at some
future day."
The Parkers ami Karns City roaal,
in the lower oil regions, ten miles
long, oie rated since April, 1874, on a
paid-tip capital of ?5,0)0, declared a
dividend of ?"5,tMG in August List
out of the net earnings up to that
date. I need not, however, particu
larize the character and ojierations of
the numerous narrow gauge railroads
throughout the country. They all, in
a general way, show the sa-ne capa
bilities cheap construction and cheap
transportation. In hilly or moun
tainous sections the cost per mile va
ries from $10,XH) to $20,XH), includ
ing equipments, and through level
Hat territory from ?5,X to $9,0M).
The Dayton and Southeastern rail
way, with a three feet gauge, laid out
from Dayton to the coal fields of
Jackson county, Ohio, is one hundred
and ten miles long. The President
says : "Our contractors are men of
large experience and wealth, and they
have ct'iitracted to biidd the rood
complete for $0,750 per mi-.?. Our
ro.id will have a tapiicitj' for doing
more business than any standard
-VMige road in Ohio actually doemlo."
Tli! last consideration is tLc vital :tr
gtimmit in f.-.ror of the construction
of narro.v gauge roads. "Every
inch," say good authority on the
subject, "added to U- width of a
.auge, beyond what is necessary for
traitic, adds to the cost of construc
tion, increased the proportion of dead
weight, increases the cost of working,
and, in consequence, in Teases the tar
iffs to that xteut. Mr. Horuish, the
gentleman liefore referred to, sys :
'A single track roaJ narrow gauge
five hundred miles long can 1 irly
handle 1,250,000 tons . er uiinum.
At the close of 1873 there were in the
Unite ! States aud Canada about four
teen hundred miles of narrow gauge
railroads in operation. The success
of the system thus far seems to dem
onstrate that the narrow gauge rail
toad, while vastly cbea per in con
struction and operation tiian the old
system, has suT"'jient capacity, ower
and sjieed to ans'fr the general re-qui.-
ments. And w,.. ia of most
importance, it may now be regarded
us certain that the narrow g.mge iall-
road can be made to carry freight and!
passengers, with profit, at rut-s not
higher than the. present lowest water
rates. W herever built, narrow guii-'i
roads have returned a profit mt t'peir
gross earnings over their ojierating
ex j. use varying from thirty to fifty'
ler cent. Iu it mst met iou they are
within the-means of the people, and
a f tirly settled agricultural district
can afford to build them, deriving a
direct profit from their operations.
Tllcre are at present, either in course;
of construction or m active prepara
tion, therefore, UmhI miles of them
in the United States and Canada. It
will Is- but a short tune until a net
work of them will have covered the
countrv, niakiur continuous trunk
lines with lateral f.-edcrs.
There is at the present time a l.ii!
jn'riding in Congress providing f
the construction it a n-irrow iraiiL.
doti'ile tra.-k railway, exclusively for
fr-ight, between the Mississippi Val
ley and the seaboard, and carrying
with it. some Government aid. This
project emenates from the New York
Cheap Transportation Association,
ami, judging from the progress it
has made through the Committee of
the House, the measure seems to carrv
with it somewhat of force.
Among all the schemes and propo
sitions projected and in embryo, look
ing to the cheajiening of freight rates
and providing for comjieting lines,
controlled and managed iu such a
manner by the localities through
which they pass, as to liecome and
continue a barrier to undue discrimi
nation, in what position is Pitts
burgh ?
The trouble is, and has been, that,
as a community, this city has not
properly investigated the matter of
transportation, nor has she Iwen rep
resented in the various organizations
throughout the country, whose object
is to obtain, preserve, and circulate
valuable and useful information relat
ing to transportation, and to encour
age the construction of new avenues.
At the present time, however, when
we are groaning from the effects of
arbitrary tariffs; when, in order to
escape financial distress, if not fail
ure,, the products of an important
manufacture must I? shipped by cir
cuitous routes, double the distance
necessary to reach a point of exjiort ;
when the business community is alive
to the magnitude of the comhiuatious
arrayed against them ; when one man,
with jiractically as much dictatorial
power as is p-msessed by the ruler or
the "Heathen Chinee," sitting in his
gorgeous apartments in Philadelphia,
New York, or Baltimore, can issue
mandates, the very breath of which
may in a moment carry wealth to a
few and disaster to the. many ; vthen
we see. such an incubus weighing upon
the commerce of the citv, and such
iinmensv ana uangerous joiver rest
ing in theSiimple whim of a fe v men,
should she not at least make the at
tempt to rid herself from the baneful
effects of the abuses of the present
system of transportation, and inaug
urate some movement tending to ad
vance her commercial prosjerity ?
The able paper read liefore the Charu
lier of Commerce last Mondav bv Mr.
T. I. Ilolierts, on the TranslAUe
eheny ('anal project, very fully eluci
dates the causes which lead to the
high rates demanded by railroads for
the transportation of freight, and the
value of canals as a means to correct
the evil, and provide cheap carriage
for bulky articles. He estimates the
cost for the completion of a water
communication fietween Cumberland
and the Monongahela river, a distance
of 135 miles, at 823,425,836, or 8166,
672 er mile, with 88,(HM),ik.M more
for the enlargement of the Chesajieake
and Ohio canal from Cuintierlaiid to
Washington. The construction of
this prtqiosed work is a consumma
tion which should really lie hojs)d for
by this community, esjiecially so if
the General Government could be in
duced to make the exenditure, even
if the canal should lie closed four or
five mouths each year from climatic
causes, which is not the case with
that "rival route the Virginia Central
Water Line," but when Mr. Roberts
makes the assertion that "this sum
($30,425,30) is much less than the
cost of a single track modern railroad
across the mountains to the sea
board." we are compelled to dissent.
The IMttsburgh and Connellsville rail
way, 14!.6 miles, cost from Pitts
burgh to CumWrland 812,428,637, or
883,083 per mile as against 8166,672
for the estimated cost of canal over
the same route. The cost per mile of
the Pennsylvania Central, reduced to
single track, amounts to 848,5i0.
Canal etter standard gauge modern
railroad than this latter le con
structed ?
It appears to me, that the solution
of the whole problem to cheajien and
regulate freight rates, in the interest
of Pittsburgh, lies within the reach of
her means ; but it will not lie accom
plished by waiting for government
aid in the shape of subsidies, or of
laws regulating commerce between!
the States.
Pittsburgh should at once organize
a company to construct, a narrow
gauge road, the route of which will
start on the South Side; thence by
th.; table lands in.the rear oT Mo
nongahela to West ElizaWiu, jic
ing that river at this point; th' .-nee
eastward to the Youghiogheny, crow
ing it at Iho mouth of the Big Se-
wicLly, fallowing this stream tbrewyh
the coke fields of Westmoreland coun
ty, and taking the direction of the
old pike through Chestnut Ridge
to Somerset ; thence in an almost
stir ight line across the Alleghenies
at or near Schellsl-'irg ; thence along
the head waters of Raystt-i. branch of
the Little J u.iiata to Bedford ; thence
to McConnellsburg, the county -seat
of Fulton county ; being a total di
tanceof al-out 150 miles. At McCoii
nellsburgthe IVachltuttoui road would
connect. Over this, a distant of 1(0
--,!fs, Oxford, on the Philadelphia
.j..l Baltimore Central railroad, is
reached ; this latter point lieing fifty
two mile from Philadelphia, on the
line of a .-o.nl entirely iuue-iendent of
alliances with any of the trunk lines.
By this rout the distance letween
Pittsburgh and Philadelphia will not
exceed 345 tuilcs ten miles ler-a thn
via the Pennsylvania Central. With
reference to the proposed rc-ute 1 have
tJv opinion of an eng:neer possessing
extended kn. - v ledge of the southern
tier of couutl a. He considers It very
practicable, ami one upon which a
narrow gauge road couiu be econosu
eralc
cally located and constructed. TTe
says : "Anyone at a. i ;u qu i. nt"n with
the route Murgested, must know that
it lies through th richest mineral and
agricultural portion of our State, and
through nearly all the principal busi
ness towns and the county-seats in
the southern jKirtion of the State."
Mr. Sigismond Loew, another well
known civil ensrineer, under whose
sujiervisioii the Pittsburgh and Con
nellsville railroad was located and
const ru - Ted, informs me that he has
made a stirvev of nearly the whole of
the route uImivi' suggested, ami is of
the opini m that, with the proju-r en
gineeriug ability, a narrow gauge road
can lie located thereon with easy curv
atures and not containing heavier
gradients than fif' vf -ct to the mil,-,
.- -tin.' in av. r !. : ittile not ex
'cii.;. ' 1 .-r !!. per
mi!.-, ;ih ui li"r 'j.i.pn- lit a total
'. o' "52,25" V ' ' ;'.. i in- 150 mile.
1 his sum will open th gateways and
p!:nv the products of Pittsburgh in
dustries on tit." market at rates hi-h
wdl eualne , us to comjiete lor trade.
The law requires S3,iM per milt
("450,000 in this case) to lie sub.
scribed and ten ier cent paid in there.
tm previous 'o taking out the certifi
cate of incorporation for a railroad
corjwration. Are there not in 1'itts
an.l vicinity ( M.ntaining a population
of say 2im,(MM.; four hundred and fifty
enterprising citizens who will sub
scribe one hundred dollars each, pay
able in installments running through
a period of time necessary to com
plete the road 't If so, an organiza
tion may le attained, and subscrip
tion to the stock contiiiiK-d along tht
line in a similar wav as the Peach
bottom company is now doing. Cer
tainly a portion of the reqtiirei
amount can lie negotiated from the
lionds of the company. Let us act.
Respectfully submitted,
J. II. Miller.
A MANN.HEETI9K- I!W ATIIE..
BY JAMES PA ETON.
Tu ruing over the pages of a vol
ume of Demosthenes' speeches, the
reader is surprised to find that the
Greeks conducted a public meeting,
two thousand years ago, very much
as we do now in this other free re
public. For example: Here is a
resolution introduced and passed at
a mass-meeting of the citizens of
Athens, when Alexander the Great
was a lad, attending his tutor, Aris
totle: "Hesolced, That no citizen of
Athens be permitted, on any pretence
whatever, to pass the night in the
country; but that every man shall
confine himself within the city, or the
precincts of the harbor; excepting
only such persons as may be appoint
ed to the defence of some post."
What a modern souad it ha! If
New York were in peril, and a meet
ing were called to concert measures
of defence, that identical resolution
could be offered, with only the alter
ation of the names. Sometimes, too,
we find Athenian resolves prefixed
with our own inevitable "whereas."
The following is an example:
Whereas, Philip, by bis ambassa
dors sent to Athens to confer about
a poace, bath agreed and concluded
on the terms.
It is Ilexuhed, by the Senate and
People ef Athens, in order to the
final execution of this treaty agreea
bly to the resolutions of a former as
sembly. That five ambassadors be
choses freni the community of Athens;
which ambassadors, thus chosen,
shall depart, and without delay re
pair to such plaee as tbey shall be
informed is Philip's residence, and,
with all possible expedition, mutual
ly receive and take the oaths neces
sary for the ratification of the treaty
concluded, as aforesaid, with fhe
people of Athens, including the allies
ou each side.
In language nearly identical we
should draw such a resolution to-day,
even to "as aforesaid," .And, just as
our speakers often send tbeir resolu
tions up to the secretary of the meet
ing to be read, so did Demosthenes,
in the Greek Assembly of Athenians,
twenty -two centuries ago. In the
midst of an impassioned oration be
would exclaim, as Henry Clay and
Daniel Webster used to do:
"I call for the reading of tbe reso
lution." Whereupon, the "Clerk of the
House" would read it, after which
tbe orator resumed his speech. If a
speaker bad occasion to refer to a
law book, or to tbe ancient recoids,
he proceeded in a similar manner.
As thus:
"For the truth of what I say to
you, Athenians, I adduce tbe testi
mony of tbe law itself. Read!"
The orator, of course, had bis
authorities all looked out beforehand,
bis passages marked, and everything
cut and dried," as Mr. Sumner bad,
before addressing the Senate. Like
Mr. Sumner, too, Demosthenes com
posed bis greatest orations in the re
tirement of bis library, learned them
by heart, and delivered them as
written. Never, however, was he
guilty of such a slight to his audi
ence as reading his speech from
"slips." Nor. indeed, would an
Atheniau nsseniblj have bore '.be in
sult. In several other rrrticulars ihe an-
j I'fc-S'i orators remind of our own
Every one who baa served oa a jory
remembers how the opposing cot: jsel
endeavored to anticipate one another's
argnmiDts, and to answer them in
advance. This ws a perfectly
familiar device to the Grcefc orators.
-Eschincs, the gr at rival of Demos
thenes, frequently employs it. "I
am informed," he would say, "'Jim
when Demosthenes relays to parry
this charge, he will tell yiw,,: "-tc.,
u?. But Demosthenes, on rising to
speak, would implore tbe gods tu keep
him from condnctiog h5f defence "as
directed by my adversary,1 fr- tbnt,
be adds, would bo a calamity toe
sovore to br- borct-.
Personal abuse, now seldom heard
from tbe platform or the stump, has
become the chief dependence of tbe
lower grade of editors. But in palmy
days of Grecian oratory, tbe most
illustrious speakers accused one anoth
er of crimes tbe most atrocious and
contemptible. InroaDyan immortal
passage, tbe great .ftsehmes aceuses
the greater Demosthenes of perjury,
of receiving bribes, ot funning away
LL O
WHOLE NO. 129S.
fn battle, of selling -tls eoootry to
Philip.
"When this perjured man," Le ex
claimed "comes to demand credit to
bis oaths, remind him of this: That
he who bath frequently sworn false
ly, and yet expects to be believed
upon his oath, should be favored by
one of these two circumstances, of
which Demosthenes fiuds neither. Lis
gods must fe new or his auditors dif
ferent." Tb's was pretty severe, but it ws
miltl aud pleasant compared with
Demosthenes' infuriate invective:
"The traitor," cried Demosthenes,
"was your accomplice, .Escbines,
not mine! No; tbotigii you rosr out
your falsehoods till you burst!"
Eschine concluded bis famous
oration on the Crnn by calling up-
in Earth, Sun. Virtue. Irite-Digent-r
and Erudition. f. fx -ir ifness f.r
him that he b-id ep ken r, the ru-e
of justice. Thin iiivoea'. ,u -ferns t,
bave Ihcij gall and Wi-rni id ' ih"
great orator, tor it imp. Hi d h'.u ,
utter one oi id nerces; iii-.hvi
be found in 'ancient literature. I
copy a few phrases fr.-m it, by way
of showing the simplicity and direct
ness of the great models of antiquity.
Mr. (ireeley said that tbe reason
why he called a liar a lur, and a
thief a thief was because he preferred
always to use tbe best Eoelish be
could com m ana. Iiemosthenes as
sailed .Escbines in ('reek that bad
tbe same character of strength and
simplicity.
Virtue! thou miscreant! Wbntcom
munion can Virtue hold with thee
or thine? What acquaintance has
thou with such things? How didst
thou acquire it? Br what right canst
thou assume it? And what preten
sions bast thot. to speak of Erudition:
And here I hesitate,
not for want of matter to urge against
you and your family, but because I
am in doubt where to begin. Shall
I first say how your father, Tromes,
was loaded with his chain and log.
when a slave to Elpias, who taught
grammar at tbe temple of Theseus?
Or bow ycur mother maintained this
accomplished actor of third charac
ters on the wages of her shame?"
Here tbe orator paused to say that
bo feared to go on, lest he should be
betrayed into the use of "unbecom
ing" language. He says no more of
his rival's ancestor's, but somes at
once to bis own life; which be relates
in tbe same spirit. Fancy William
Pitt reviling the mother of Charles
James Fox. Fancy Henry Clay re
flecting upon the father of Calhoun.
Fancy Charles Sumner accusing Mr.
Seward of receiving a Russian bribe.
Certainly tbe modern stump is, in
this particular, more decent and dig
nified than tbe ancient forum.
Few persons who take up a pro
gramme at the entrance af a public
building, are aware that a similar
document, called by the same name
programme was issued before the
meetings of tbe Athenian people in
tbe age of Demosthenes. Copies of
the programme, containing a state
ment of the subject to be debated
and the time of meeting, were bung
to certain statues in various parts of
tbe city. This was the Athenian
mode of bill posting. The grand as
sembly ot the people usuallv convined
early in tbe morning, often in tbe
open air, sometimes in one of the
theatres; and every citizen entitled to
vote was compelled to attend. About
the hour appointed for tbe opening
the assembly two officers stretched a
red cord across each street, and by it
swept the people toward the place of
meeting, uneitg every citizen whom
tbe red cord touched and stained.
No one was allowed to enter the as
sembly who bad shown cowardice to
battle, who was a drunkard or de
bauchee, who was uuduiiful to his
parents, who owed anything t the
public treasury, or who had not at
tained maturity. When Demosthenes
surveyed tbe assembly be looked in
to tbe face of no man who had not a
voice in the decision; and tbe decis
ion ot that assembly was final, even
upon questions involving peace or
war.
The Athenians may be said to have
opened their meetings with ptayer;
ODiy they prayed in their own way.
An animal was slain as a sacrifice to
one ef tbe gods, and its blood was
sprinkled upon the principle objects.
Then a priest advanced and pro
nounced a solemn imprecation:
"May tbe gods pursue that to de
struction, with all his race, who shall
act speak, or contrive anything
agaiust this state."
Next an officer appointed far tbe
purpose, announced the object to the
assembly, and read the decree, which
was to be submitted to its decision.
This decree has already been dis
cussed atd passed by tbe Senate of
five hundred. Tbe sovereign people
were now to accept or reject it. The
President first called upon citizens
above tbe age of fifty to speak upon
it; then those above forty; and so on
till all bad tbeir opportunity.
As there are two sides to every
question, so there were usually two
men in the Athenian assemblies who
led tbe opinions of the rest; like
Gladstone and D'Israeli in the Brit
ish bouse of commons. When all
had spoken, the vote was taken in
this way. All who were in favor of
the opinion advocated by, say De
mosthenes, stretched out tbeir bands
towards him; and all who opposed,
stretched out tbeir bands toward the
leader of tbe opposition -Eschine.
Such an assemblage was, of all
other that van be imagined, tbe best
fitted to form great, popular orators;
for, though numerous, it was select,
since tbe base, the ignorant, and tbe
whole servile class were excluded
It was an immense congrese of the
-stople, and every orator was both
inspired and restrained by tbe feel
ing that upon that day's vote might
depend tbe weal or tbe woe of bis
country.
Most people, however, upon read
ing the famous orations of Demos
thenes for the first time, will be dis
appointed. Instead of reading the
thoughts of a great mind upon some
high theme, some great principle of
national politics, be will find little
but fierce personal invective, or
adroit defense against an opponent'.,
accusations. Tbe whole performance
is too personal to awaken tbe enthu
siasm of a modem reader, until he
can learn to read it with the eyes rf
tbe period ia which it was spoken.
In the grandest oration o' this orator,
there ia scarcely a thought, or pas
sage, which has an independent
beauty or merit It had contributed
nothing to the common thought of
mankind. AT. Y.Leidar.
LI !' Lacatl rawer.
Mr. Ieonard Swett, of Chicago,
gives the estiaiata of Lincoln's kgal,.
powers: "Aa a trial lawer he hafT
few equals and no superiors. He
was as bard a man te beat in a close
ly contested case an I ever have met.
He was wise in knowing what to at
tempt ano wbat to let alone. He
was fair to tbe court, the jury, and
his adversary, but candor compels
me to say that he by practice learned
there was power iu this, lie was
candid and be'vFus fair, but he knew
bow id make just i l.e most of this
As he entered ibe trial, where luiwt
lawyers object, he would say he
"reckoned" it would lie fair to let
this in or that, and sometimes, when
his adversary could not prove what
Mr. Lincoln knew to be the 'ruih. he
would say he "reckoned"' it would be
fair to admit th truth t. lie so and
so. When be did object t tne c uit,
after be heafd his object i.-n a'i--t-rt-'I,
he would often say, "Wl!, I r- k 'i
I must tie wrtng.'' No a u i ibe
time be bad practiced itos thr-e-q'.arters
through tt case, if h's adt.r
ar didn't nutters'. vtd hiiu, he -v i.ii
waLeupto find himself ' b at. 11
ws" as wi.-e as a serpent in the
of a eao-w, but I tdl V-.u 1 bite
i-M tu any scars from 1,-s i v
cert-1 v thai he w.i-h n -i i
Wli. fi the iali.ji- Hii-: i- U"
lLe adver-arv b gut- '.. - e n t.
f'flt ft" v "S SO Oa.tlV e"Vi'.' I'V
v? i.'if-.iv w a -tt tie ? ijoi . r , ,
U tti-'l'a ak ;lv 8
ti.nl c t.". i.-.r eveulh, ie " I
his ca.-e, ai.U Jk- v. hole ta-e in i-ieg
ou the se Vein h lie traded ev rj.l.ing
of which would give bint tne b-a-i
aid in carrying that. Any man who
took Mr. Liucoln for a simple-minded
man would very soon wake up on his
back in a ditch."
A !; Ir t'aMlamta)i.
Some people find it impossible to
stand at the edge of a precipice, or
on an elevated site, without experi
encing a singular desire to spring
over. A gentleman who receotlv
traveled in Europe communicated
some singular facts about his experi
ence in this regard. He says: Last
summer I talked with tbe guardian
of the steeple of the Cathedral at
Strasburgb, and be informed me that
but few visitors were free from a feel
ing of fright on reaching the first
terrace which is of great altitude,
and that it was so pronounced as to
generally refuse to go higher. Some
times the women fainted. There is
really no danger, tie terrace being
securely guarded bystroog iron rails.
This man of the upper air guardian
or guide informed me that tbe sum
mer before an Englishman fainted
but he determined to overcome his
fright, and continued to ascend every
day for a week, nntil he could look
out in the Bltck Forest, from tbe lan
tern, with equanimity. During tbe
summer a man had jumped into tbe
air through altitude fascination. He
was probably dead before reaching
the ground, on account of tbe im
mense height from whieb he burled
himself Formerly tbe Vendome
Colome was the scene of so many
deaths of this kind that a decree was
issued to prevent visitors from as
cending it unless accompanied by a
guardian. A year ago a young man
jumped from the dome of the Capitol
at asb'ugton, fell on tbe roof be
low, and was instantly killed. His
was another instance of fatal altitude
fascination.
Maw KM falovea Art Hade.
In certain parts of Europe the
rearing of kids for the sale of their
skins is an immportant business,
those which command the highest
prices, and are regarded as superior
to all others, being tbe French, called
in the market peaux national?. By
some tbe fine quality of those skins is
attributed to a peculiar virtue in the
wild vines upon which the young
ones feed in tbe pasturage which they
frequent; this however, being a pop
ular errtr, as their value is oimply
the result ofthe care with which the
little animals are reared during their
lite of four or five weeks. They are
not allowed to roam at large, as such
a license would imperil tbe evenness
of tbeir skins, which would become
scratched by rubbing against stones,
or passing through hedges. They
are. besides deprived of all food ex
cept milk, as eating grass woutdtend
to make their skins coarse Conse
quently they are kept under a wicker
crop, from which, at regular hours
they are led to suckle tbe mother, and
this continues nntil they are killed, at
the end of four or five weeks. The
younger they are killed tbe thinner
the skin, but, of course, the smaller,
tbey are less valuable, too, especially
when they are only large enough to al
low of a pairof single buttoned gloves,
while tbe demand is all for two, three
and four-buttoned gloves. Br rear
iug the kids in the manner just de
scribed, larger skins are obtained,
which are as fine and delicate as those
of younger ones of other countries
where they roam at liberty. As
France produces tbe best skins, so
Paris excels all places in France
where gloves are manufactured, and
an adept in the trade can select a
Paris-made glove from among hun
dreds made elsewhere.
As la
A few days ago the Timen pub
lished a brief telegraphic dispatch
from Dodge City, Kansas, announc
ing that a band of vigilantes bad
hanged two men near Fort Dodge for
stealing horses in Sumner County,
Kansas. Subsequent inquiries, made
by the grief-stricken father of one of
the men hanged a young man
named Calahan, son ot a preacher in
Topeka proved beyond a doubt
that Calahan was guiltless of any
connection with tbe crime. He was
engaged in gathering buffalo bones
on the plains, and bad been hauling
some from bis "dug out" to tbe rail
road when one ' t the horse thieves
came to bis place. He gave him.
shelter. While he was there the
vigilantes from Sumner County came
up nnd arrested both parties, and
notwithstanding Calahan'p protesta
tions and his endeavor to show that
he lived there and bad not been to
Snmner County, took him with the
guilty n an and banged him then and
there. The Iter. Mr. Calahan asys
that his murdered son was in no
way implicated in this crime.
Kansas City Times.
Queen Victoria will risit Germany
a second time this year.
Girls in India marry at tbe age of
ten or twelve.
America produces 1,000,000 paper
collars a day.
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