u
V.
V
ft ' :.
,1
L
e' .f
Term of Publication. ,
7 3
TTeJt-A.'-ty rvtoralr; a-siao
i.i ia tvia: -itl.rrrtr - 4
.vif.ab'.J ' '
chrrsfd.
; ? are pt. 1 I'-i'.4
us 2s tair.iiers do
C t lahC - "
, will V h.ld tlaM f- tbeeviltfcr-l"'
,.I-nt.ert rom .viiut from one Posu 3 to an
i ,. fj -aid give OS tbe UB f""
.Us the preterit oS:e Addres
Somerset Printing Company,
JOHN I. SCl'XJu,
lls,.4aK Xanatrer.
Cird
... i-TI 1 THW AITE. ATTt O'E! ;
J -mtv .l'a. l'r-4 i
iJ-;.ci.cd ai,d pis. atiea-- i
J. fc'
A 1 I"'
iKXEY
AT LA
jv-m.-rrt-t
f VI i H AY. ATT! '
KNV.Y AT LAW
in r.
ate.
net, r-
to ht.- care with
&u:. 1- 1-
. t.. a.i W
tru.-.
H..N H
UUI- ATTi
KNt-Y ATUAW.S'
t.v ..-:ii I" ' "'!
rt, I
1 i'-n. .iT5i-. o
ac. 02fe"e in .iiuH- uui..u-.
I iKN.
ATT-
.i.VilYS AT
l.aer a
b. .. .
AT I.A vV,
!
:y
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. it. U.na-
K.t'i
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li1:!!. A'
A.i ,t
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ATIOUNtYS AT
LA',,'mfl-
iu l ra-
In S a-
rrt au4
All i-'-i-
truftf'i tu t
w. a. tri t iL.
, t,rrK..Tu''nt-ri-KU
1, U. Ail i u- M -"'r"' V , V I
i.r,ue ,-r-'0H i.aa i. I
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KlMMllL. tri.l e
iv.. u-rs fci
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n KKVBAKtB ttL :-Ti hi 1
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CO
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AT' :
1 I.'.''!.
11 k.n-i. t--i
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' L'.-IAM
Ihintz. Arni;xi v at
1
AMKS L. ri'oli.
ArT"KM-Y AT LA'-
A1
. t. 11-
ToilNLY
Pn4f"i n
I U. W. M M AK TIN,
iisiDKN-i: DELIST,
lli-.ioi a-.v-ral y-r -?.p"
. t. i.-T ttn all o;Ta.l
l.-r. . l ii.
aiti-ilt"Ri inf TleU oa a.
:r tn vue to an ei.t it t-t.
l'ri !e-th a ftt-a.
s.,.r.-tH.'-.--.
S'Ti
IT -r-
ive !!
In M..,t.k-.i
l.-.w r r-
t.e ot E'
v.re to t:
. 1 2t'e ir. '
H u.
Ul. T '
arS;-
dee. i:
l.:t i at e
j.p.t. f.'. a. a ; A.'?"
: and viemr.'.
.,:tc !! I ---:
at a - t:-f!
T.ileDI '
.i: l'rui r
re he '. .a
na'.'.y e:
t '.!: pr-ni
11?-
f S tr.-r-
fSt-1.
TlCyESH'NAl..
re B.
ir.. Tin? l-i !
ras'.ei.'.'-I-i.-r.
'.i that he i
f t-aci--.-r.a
is tl-rf l.'T a-'
!- ot ni--.i it
.1 with I IBi-
.n i sara'
rv. 1 .. f- n.
anl F.ar It .an. ..
the t ve aa.i L-.r.
L
aw not:
t'L-C'
cine 1 t
1)
K. .' K. vaiXl-S
.iir- r i ' re-
S. G00I1.
phvsrriAX d-
SUKGEOX.
r.i.
j-0rrt( I in Msutnt jth r.i k.
"toTTn r.n.L,
ll
ir t m
uTiric .
;hth::
1
TZY.
T I S T
DALE CITY, .-omt.
,t Co.,
Artit'jial Te-h. w
r.:e.'. to t-e of tie re
lati''ai.:. ir..Tlr!
in the 1
pres-
Kt
le 1 ar.i'-ulai nt.T.'i ii pa:
l of the calur-l teeth. 1
erati'
eTiu
nM t y letter, cai a Se jil
Aii-ress a ai-e.
T
II E s-OM E ET i I oUs E.
U-iricg !ea'.e.
tr.aira'.S-ert an
:i k.-.
it .i - - - . lira, r i. "
t lia '.r- I
. 31. at: 2 I
M" taer I
rned la
mtlm i:iare la toloroihstk fr
.Le tu'l.C ceaera..?
U;ai oe
make tl:
li? all that ;
C--Ull . denKh
,vi taf-le
r.il at all tin
t-e !. -n
II. Tay
.ih o, Imi the market an.Tts.
31 r. t
wan ntay at all timis t 1 -an
: iut!-.e..;-e.
L. LAVAN.
TAIAMOMt HOTEL.
U - !
srOYSTOWX PA. ;
SAMUI'Ii Cl'STI'-K. l'roprtelor. j
This toitlar anl well kn-iwa b -cs.- ifar r.il!
tim a So'lrWe tt-nue place . the tnne.i-.g ;
c.at.Uc Tve an-l K . ms hmt-h-s-. (,...:
,lmT I.-s Wave daily I J..i.ot. wu
i
ft
L A T E II OCT
-fh--e wh are e -w buil Ucit b. u- ! kn w
It.a' i- r.vj;r i! the Lfs ma t" , nt . a S.-te
Ks2sis tia-rniieiiit-s. Mate wiu la i r.-v-r.
ar,l r-2.ir art ruire.1. Ma-civts ILe ! ur
maitei i.f wi n. Slat i hre i r '.. LerT
r'Kl bu tvol i have a .:e roof. The un . r-irne-i
n, ha.-i iu Cua.irlAa 1, i.. rt- Le has a
Peacl.battom L 3uckirgham
S L
fTr"Mfcii ttcTirri Uf - nr.:. jt. lie will :Jt- j
lake to .t h"t li'.usc. iu:k fcii ri ;
r:e. i -i ), fc,c. ei-.hrr it, uma if o un'rjr at the
J.jw rtr-. aa4 u warrant Lh- n. 'ai'. -a-i
him 4f 'l.trp l-tia a' N. iia..imrfc
Ss utet, t"a!fc-TaiMl. Ma. Urce-nc tuy U-KU wi-li
NOAH CA SEBEEK,
Amt, S.awa, Pa,
w . ll. h:ili:t.
Apri li:b. UTi.
JTUMES toll"
ALL.
. on terms witl In the T-aeh of er. :
cry o'
tti'tu rnas uti ivt-: jal. h.-.a. l-s. ;
faxi. liJvr ik'!a. sr.iaral an-.a. t.Qii'.ius: !,..
Sue , la dlii-.-ri-M pan ti -.rf'y. tc -an-;a - i
from one-! trtb i an are t, n. ia a- r. 1 i
lies wsrr. ct'd. Ti-rnr? -no htlb tn band aiM th
balance la tea r.ja2l af:aaal partaeuta. .p,Tly
srrured. Nine uerd apt iy er.i u n4 ot -f.-r
im lodunrk cs ha'nta i nil n, rt fwt of ei.e
pr w tics will be for rcn' If a m ,4d aou
UU b.WVVAMt -
i Si
VOL. XXIY. NO. 27.
Cambria County
BANK,
av. ivi?:iMfcco.,
. 2 M AIN NTH F ill .
rOKNSTO-WN.PA.,
Henry S-:Sb2.--s I'rick Building.
A ;iTal lia'Ain; Bnsi:iOs Transacted.
! ntts ar.l .I4 and Mirer tuht and tM.
t4 t slrs,s taaCe la all pru ! Ui 1'ulte-t Matet
an : Caa.I... iiilcrc?t all. wr4 at
thf r.:r.l ii
'.!! an4 I
u'viirri 4i a- i;t vs tb IruiC
;-r:115 :z.
Ursina Lime Kilns.
Uim
By
the
Car Load-
Crdcrs Rcsoectfuliy
soiicitcd.
it.
JO sift DiBERT. JOHN D. ROBERTS.
JOHN DIBBRT&CO.,
BANKERS
IIET3,
JOHNSTOWN, PA.
Acoui;Js of ?Iort liai:l and
c!lur Itiiiios in'opU solicit
e.l. flrntt ncji;ti:bH in all
purls oi'tUt' country for alo.
ionoy l.oaiiPil ami t oMfftion-i
Tatr. Inter hi al tUe rate of
ylv lir -'tt t. jut annum ai
IV ("Joii 'l ime lT'iti.
:vin!r Iepit ItooK i-n-fil.iiGil
Inlorcst (oi:iMtiiii!cl
Nini-annually u hen Iirt'tl.
A in i:- r-.i! i;.:::'.ir-.: T.:-.i:-.-- Traii-wt.J.
t o r.
:i.V IX i.f(..
i) c ri:..'t;i:.z
e :
cw Y-.rk
2 - 'MJ
f a.:r.-r-
IV 5 i
:hes!
Watches'. Watches!
r,
nOBERTS&SONS,
Z0.
13 Fif:l Ave., Pitisburgh.
vrv Ijtv; ,J wlry,
N . ii. V. : 1 C li
.t' t' ti f War
' tr. eii: k
5 to !.;
I--),, e--nr. J rt: i
A '."'!: V&IVbM. All
V T1BK sVrs( t-Jlil
ii: -r- n.e,ij' y at wiris
i . iurr. ; t . -r i r yji.irt
;:ii ai:y . We
J- tj" fcili.i.t.ilE'-'.y f-T
.. -r ail ti
ir etn
vrc!. fit"..
a: ir.'t. lK i.'t
"l - i. if f.ri or
iy. N w if i
r
A KM I OK .SALE.
r ' 22 rs 1 : Irra. ;:n-.te two
'; .4 !:' urjf. h-'t'.-r! uctr,
s ,1. 'i i:.r:ii e.-ataias 1W acr- i1,
r. i .i:ere4. ,'irt '4 iti-,ic
. : u::. v a i.r. i tr.e reci.iijiitr
1 t.-.-re ar thr.e apt te tri-h:-.r.J
. : ia. !. at i cherry tret a ttc
ii- r i ':p. I y h. and haru.
1 ltfi:: are'iire
"r. i- i t.t three ci'.Ci. fnta
Y t '.ar' t -riKatj. n rn'.t
lti.lL.l.r H. All il.
iitk?i :..(.
I
: r :
.. ; a vc
1 u
E
XECUTOII'S NOTICE.
f Jv !
Ware.
L-;:o
t.;.v;r.it
r'vs r, tftn-.-s it:-.-. ;'1 t"i;ti CKikfim- I
J HN i. KHITZ. j
6 Kxtu i..r.
"VTuTICE
11
i- V-r- y fciv. n !r..;it..e en i.rncscd 1
t -vntf if f ?! ti.sr tr t Udi
: .:,si t'i Sjtr.U' 1 7..r:.;B'T!..ari. ft5:r,i to
Ziu-Ui' TTJiiiD.u.r the l":-t at tf iu irvviit'T
1 A tn-
'taitein Q afmhinlcir
aere, vitn g'1 baiia-
N . i A tra-t !
Z. n-ia' ru in, c
v tra-t an 1 J scpa
I'M, with L.ue' as 1
3. A tra f'tnste In Sha.te fi wasr.jp. a:
: A". th-i.v Wectii-nlinwr in-l!ljcr. o.
a.
hiirt'. 1 aer. ir1' re or les. all zv.nl titnttr
lsL'i. with t-use an-l stat-l ibatwu.
A!", a N '. 1 ewnt::l wr.h eir lc it! m
pin ii: ir l ot t-itti-'n. nd a iarse 1 1 of variT.s
k.adsni larsl.'T. namely, pine. ru.-. ah. oak.
!irn. r- "' -'" elies.hut. u.ir. niaple. eberry. fc.c
l'T- w'utpr t- i.cyaiil 4 w.-ll a 1 t--'s
'Tcr.ll '11 :'." C". ..-r?vr.-v: a t .T -.i--r X R.-'.
" S .u. Zl.dMLIl.MAN.
n.a-5 Ai-lniMr.
D. KNOX MILLER,
AIM ISITIXT,
-... i SIXTH STREET,
Lite S:.
tr ?t
I'ITTSBVKCjIL
TIIE
y stone
LIME
l.aiitj p. evicted tfc!r
LIME KILNS,
ar' niw f;-.rx -1 to
Fill all orders
for
LIM
T.V ir Liri.e is uf Ibe
F-m.: t tur-TaJ Ty kTV'Wr tnh.t psnp of the
o cn'5 :ir ih IVvk nl Kirv'!iT L.tat? S;.fita. Its
jlUalnjr tt riirp cttber icv
Mm cr Ap&M PiirpGses.
AO-Jit afl or !.' tr KcTtoae Jncibn, Svm- "j
ri?-t .mii:y, I'., j
Keystone Lime Co.
YI'MINISTKATOIi'S NOTICE.
I..te cl Uecry "U.t. Sr.. Ute ul Talat Trp,
deocacd.
Let u r. ot admlciS'.ratk.B on the arwve evuite
baviox rr-.n.e-.l t- te nd-riar4. notice Is
bret riven tu th. indebted W itt. make tore-
dixte patant. an.1 those harlar ciatais araicst It
to pmt then owiy auturn'Hte l srttletneut
oo Si'.ont.. 2:.. n darot Novem'jer. IsZi. at the
u irviDM.HAMMKH
octU AJmuuKratr.
Mifceflaneovt.
ri'LETONS'
AMERICAN CYCLOPAEDIA
NEW IIEVIiEl) EDITION.
Km ire ! r rt writ ttn 1'jr tlie ablest writer on ererjr
fr f u! ;cet. l'riV-i tr . xu uc tvj. au4 lilusirattd
Thf w..rk tri-lna;'ij rMirhl unJcr th title of
IuiXn'Atuiiai HcLorJilni wao;j4rl
c to auuj niikh uot tUe wide eircufsiiuo
l"cn " t11 a'taiEtfU mail irtoi uie tnueu
jti3. inu iu9 iun i -
4.-e in ever, inTh,
aUtt art. tiae : tua x.. . i
tofat-ititto aa taart anJ tliorue,;h reviawu. and
wi.-ue a new e uavL,eutllitd'rHit Aaiutu Cr-
uLia the lsu tea jrart th trir.-s of dl
j -uTLrj- iu evcrr di-janui;t ol anowlwlgo baa
I tr.la a new iurk ol reicrtnce inijrative
i r.e tnoTm.-Et of p.lin-al afi-irs ti! kept paf
' with the uitov. TKJ WfKe, and their Iruittul
japi ltciii -nu. the iniuitria.1 and .-!ul art. and
! ti. ci.oruuito'e and reuntiutct ol lite.
i Gnal wart und cx-aeiii rerolutK have oc-
curr--i, ibv.jlvir.t; ca'.lL.uai ci.ar.i;r vi icuu.i mv
iti. ul. Tte civir war ol tor own eiu;ry, whkfi
1.tl;heii,'!.twh-a the mn tihuik oi iuc wi
w..rt apiarcd. ha a liaji I'.J tt-n tmie.1. and a
new c..urri4 o.ma;trvu.i i.d industiLil activujr
j La. Swi. -..itn.i noi.
! Lar:e ac-vsi-M t-vtsr irf eTaphlral kix w'.eJue
i !.av,-(a made t J the U.dt:aii(tallejiorrrauf
A'n-a
! i' he etvat r.'.iitia! rTo!a.Hi cf tbelaftdccade,
' witfc tuc caiural retuit id the la; ol time, have
j iT' Ocht uiio vivw a muiutuae ol m w men. lioe
names are m erT one nivuth, and of bie Uvea
; evrrr if enri-iis to know the panimiarj. ttreat
; !a ii.- hare ln Luicht and uui4umt sitito
u.Ji-jtaii.e.!. i-f wU'.-h the details areas yet j.re
ifcrred.nlviatbe Bcw-j..air or in the Jraia.ect
t u .i a i I ti.e !t. tut wii.th .U!tut n. w to
: ak thvir j.:ace in penaaneBl and autuentie bi.
' Trtfiarirg the ir.wnt edhi'-n f.rlte m?s. it
tinloirt i beuaheaim 'l the e.lltor to bruin
, -. ara t!.e ic;. riiiati,.n to the latest pss;Ue date.
I sL 2 f i'itraii an ac urate ac--outl of the most re
! r-nt li!--- rcr. s in :-i.-ncp. ol every fresh tro:iH.
n. a in thrature. tno o; the nwe b.eBtm
the T.-a. ::'i rr.l. as well ai to e'.ve a foreiun and
! vn-uaJ reevra of tbe ;.nrce ol political and bia-
j Tt e w ,rk haf been betran aRer b r.e and careful
irri:ii.i:arv la!'r. and with tie nn au:;.;ere
j s,urx--s: .r'earrjiig it on to a tiwcesslnl t.rmaa-
i l f tb original ereotyiie j.Utej bare been
'n-.-l i at everv luire hai been printid on new
i tvt. t'.nr.;nit la (act a new Cycloi-a-iia, with the
! nice i....n eoBijasa a it .redeft., lt
iw:-h a Ur ereater i-o-amary cxpvaiiture. ud
with u h iu.nr-rtu..t.ui it e-4Sl.ttt-n at hare
T.i- i..u.-trati' ..n wM.-b are lmr5u-ed for the
r; ti-iie in the i.re'tut edition have teen added
c ). r tLe ke.4 i-.:..riil etfect, but to give iu
; v n.i I r-e to the es)-Laiiatkt Inthetixt.
Tfc-v ett:!-a . all branrbe of fiene and of natu
rl :.i..rv. an 1 2ci4el the most laa-.ous and re-Biatki'-Se
fratur ( .-eni-rr. airhitectore and
art. af well kr the rari"U .-ffe rf methanic
aai B-...tuiaaurtr. Alii. . uicU iutt-n led lor id-trct!--n
ratber ti..B eaiVUifbnitct. no jiaaii
hare t'-n sj-are-i to iii-ure thfir ar;i.tic uml-lr;!-e:
tt.ret of tl; -ir neetiti i i en"rm o. and
it ir i-.i.evr-i ti.cv will an.1 a welrwro feep'.iM
sa adnt.raMe tejture ol tbc C;cb-xdU, aod wor
thv ...t it? ii.h charaet.r.
i i-;.- i n is (.41 t. fn,-ri,T only. t.ayabie
nr.e.'.irerv ol each Toinme. It witllewnj4etel
hr .vtv,. v..;mne. each o.utaitiil it
! "( o- V fuiie H!atr:ed. with wrral
! th.,u.u VI'imI Encra-intrt, and w uh namerju
i e.jli-.-ca Litb-.trahtc Jia; a.
FiZICE AND STYLE 01' BINDING.
In titra O th. per vol S
la I.: '-rarr Lea:her. ir T...I
la Halt Turkey M-.ttocco, per v. 4
Ja Half Ku?i.,.eitra sriit. y t vol
la tall M"rrtv. au'.i ;ue. jUt edge, per vol . i
la lull i;u??ia. r vol 1
1 t,:r a v .latofe r'.w ready. Suireeics: volumes
ua'i'. c.'ii:''ietiua. wiii be isr-aed om-e In two months.
S- ;n,en paees 4 the American ''yclopa?
d;. .ht.wiLit tj i.' iUar.ratiuts. etc., will be font
j:nti5 n aj pU.-atk-n.
i".r-t . ia--s easrajaisK sner.tswcte-1.
Ad.'.r.TS J. H. WILLI AMSON.
Ajjcnt, No. iO's SiathSU, fittsburgb, la.
iec22
IN TH K IHSTKK'TO "URT of THE VN1TIX
STA rLS f -r the Wwirra J:rlt o! 1'cnu
pivlvania. . hr:ian Spanri-M". of S.mcr?et o-unty. Pa., a
K,tikrnp un :ct t he aci of t vsrrers,f March "if.
1-i.T. bavme ai i'itd f adi.'tiree fr-m all his
4eit. antl ,'thcr claims .r,.vaMe under said act.
t.y ;t Ut 4 the 0.urt. nttice i heirby g.ven to ail
perr-n who tiave jrve.l their debts, and other
i.t r.-a in:er':eil. to appear cm the lth Hy of
lieeerot" r. at loo'ckrk a. m.. t!. re N. W.
Siiaier, Kf.,Uciier. No. 12 Church Ave.. Alle
lfheny City. l'a..t-j w nuK. if any they hare,
whv "a d'.scfcunre f iijull njt be granted to the
Said fcaukruri.
S.OICCANM.ESS.
dtxl Citrrk.
A
SSIUNEE'S NOTICE.
, i liPTt-T'T trireo that UiTi-I ADpnr on
the : t iliy ( lyin-r, Ki, mai.n a.Mi2nuerit
f.r the ttiw'ii: A his crvOin.r? lu ite un-ifrsim.
I; ir"r. Lnwinff themMrlvos X Ln!et;rM V
ti;-? ? Aiikt-ny will iicaccnil t The olJlce uf th
Jo -1 Ajatre.
IN
I N
OTICE.
t l t at ti.e f It .n a'ii'f av uni? hire w n
j D-; ii. my ..;fcre ani tht tbe ptuje wiU irr5?n-
u l Tr. ihc i'"urt K-r ci-ijtinp itiyo oo VVc-ocyiay,
t tl 1 il -ly of Df-tmr. lta7i.
i Tiie a-ct-unt or Wa. V. Ojrliii, a?ignec cf
' AVrjm A. .Miliar.
i Iv fMiont "i' A. J. CviLvrn, aince of J-jhn
i J.cbtli.
E.M. SrHKOC'K.
New Firm.
SHOE STOEE,
SNYDER & UHL
HitTing purchased: the Sho
Store lately owned by
II. C. BeerlU.
We take pleasure in ea!:isi( the atteatlra of
pel die to tiie tact that we hare now and ex;ee
keep constantly t-a Land as complete aa
meat of
Boots, Shoes
and Gaiters
DOTII OF .
Eastern and Home Manufacture
as can be fi and anywhere. We also will bar r.t
hand cocsiautiy a iall fnppiy of
i SOLE LEATHER.
MOROCCO.
CALF
SKINS,
KIPS,
AND LINING SKINS
Or all kinds, with a full line of
Shoe Findings.
1 The HOME MANCFACTtEE DLPAET
I KLNTwIiibeisebarceof
i
;!N". 13. Snyder, Esq.
! W bo rcptttaUusi for saaklcg
Good Work and Good Fits
I seem ! t bm la the Slate. The publie is r
: ;xrt.'nl lorited to call asd examine our stock.
I at we are detenain
lined to keep goods as swi as tb
prices a. lo -a. the lowest
; tier, and sell t
!
!
SNYDEE & UHL.
1 -'' w
oilier
SOMERSET,
SOW.
Arise, lor the day U pusicg
While yoa lie dreanin? oo ;
Y'inr brothers are eased Is arm. 4
And forth to the fight are gioe ;
Your place la the ranks awaits yon
Each man has a part to play ;
The past and the future are nothing
In the face of the stem to-day.
Arle from the dreatn of the future,
Of gaining a hard fought field.
Of storming the airy fortress.
Of bidding the giant to yield ;
Your future has deeds of glory,
Of honor (Ckd grant It may);
Fut your arm will sever be stronger
Or needed as new to day.
Arise r If the past detain yea.
The nwshine and storms iorgct ;
No chains so unworthy to hold yoa
As those of a Tain re girt.
Sad or bright she is lifeless erer:
Cart her phantom arms away.
Nor look back, save to learn the lcti-a
Of a nal'ier strife to-day.
A rife : for the hour is passing ;
The sound that ye-u dimly hear
Is yoor enemy marching to battle
Else ! Eise '. for the foe is near !
Stay no: to brighten your weapons.
Or the hour will strike at last.
And from the dreaais of coming battle
You will waken aai find U past.
MESSAGE
OF THE
President of the United
States.
To the S--nalc and llou.c of Lcjre-t-a
tali ecu :
In submitting try seventh annual
message to Congress, in this Cen
tennial year of our national existence
as a free arid independent people, it
a!3brds me great pleasure to recur to
THE ADVANCEMENT TflAT HAS BEEN
MATE
from .the tixe of the Colonies, one
hundred years ago. We were the.i
a people cumlx-ring only three mil
lions; now we number more than
fort- millions. Then our industries
were confined almost exclusive!- to
the tillage of the soil; now manufac
tures absorb much of the lahor of the
country. Our liberties remain unim
paired. The bonJsmcn have been
freed from slaveiy. We have become
possessed of the respect, if not the
friendship, of all civilized nations
Our progress has U.ea great in all
the arts, in science, agriculture, com
merce, navigation, niiniDg, mechanics,
law, medicine, etc., and in general
education. The progress is likewise
encouraging. Our thirteen States
have become thirty-eight, including
Colorado, which lias taken the initia
tory steps to become a State, and
eight Tetritorics, including the Indi
an Territory and Alaska, and ex
cluding Colorado, making a territory
extending from the Atlantic to the
Pacific; on the south we Lave extend
ed to the Gulf of Mexico, and on the
west f'om the Mibsiss-ipj.i to the
Pacific. One hnndreI years ago the
cotton gin, the steamship, the rail
road, the telegraph, the reaping, sew
ing and modern printing machines,
numerous other inventions of scarce
ly less value to our business and hap
piness, were entirely unknown. In
1775 manufacturers scarcely existed,
eren in name. Ia all this vast terri
tory in 1S70 more than two millions
of persons were employed in ruanu
facturies, producing more than $1,
100,000,00Q of produce ia amount
annually, nearly equal to our nation
al debt. From nearly the whole of
the populace of 1776 being engaged
in one occupation cf agriculture, in
1870 so numerous and diversified has
become the occupations of oar peo
ple that less than six millions out of
more than forty millions were so en
gaged. The extraordinary effect pro
duced in our country by a resort to
such occupations has built a market
j for tbe prodticss of fertile lands dis
tant from the seaward acd the mar
kets cf the world. The American
system 01 working various Jina ex
tensive manufactories next to the
plow and tbe pasture, and adding
eonnectinz railroads and steamboat
has produced In our distant country
results not equaled by the intelligent
parts of other nations. The ingenuity
and skill of American mechanics
have been demonstrated at home and
abroad in a manner most flattering
to their pride. But for the extraor
dinary grade and ability of our me
chanics the achievements or our
agriculturalists, manufacturers and
tranporters throughout the country
would have been impossible ofattam
rr.ent.
The progress of Ihe miner Las also
leen great. Of coal our production
was small ; now manv millions of
tons are mined annually. So with
iron, which rormea scarcely an ap
preciable part of our products half a
century ago, we now produce more
than the wcrld consumed at the be
ginning of our national existence.
Lead, zinc and copper, from being
aiticles of imports, we may expect to
be largo exporters of in the near fu
ture. The development of gold and
silver mines throughout the States
and Territories has not only been re
markable, bat has had a large influ
ence upon the business of all com
mercial nations.
Our merchants in the last hundred
years have had a success and hare
established a reputation of enterprise,
progress and integrity unsurpassed
by iople of older nationalities. This
good came is not confined to their
homes, bat goes out in every sea and
into every port where commerce en
ters. With eqaal pride we can point to
our progress in all of the learned
professions." As we are now abont
to enter npon our second centennial,
commencing
OIB MANHOOD AS A NATION,
i'. is well to look back npon the past
and study what will be best to pre
serve and advance our future great
ness. From the fall of Adam for his
transgression to the present day, no
nation has ever been free from threat
ened danger to iu prosperity and
happiness. We should look to the
dangers which threaten us, and reme-
y them so tar as lies in our power.
We are a Republic, whereof one man
is as "ood as another before the law.
L'nder such farm of government it
i is of the greatest importance that all
j b,l0ul(, pgf
possessed
EDUCATION AND INTELLIGENCE
enough to cast a vote with a right
set
ESTABLISHED, 18 9
PA., WEDNESDAY,
understanding of Its meaning. A
large association 6t ignorant men
cannot for any considerable period
oppose a successful resistance to
tyranny or oppression from the ed u
cated few, and will inevitably sink
into acquiescence t the will of intel
ligence," whether iircctcd by the
demagogue or by priestcraft. Hence
the education of the? mass becomes of
the first necessity for the preservation
of oor institutions, f They are worth
presorting, because they have secur-:
ed the greatest good to the greatest
proportion of population of any form
of government yet devised. All other
forms of government approach it jnst
in proportion to the general diffusion
of edncation and Independence cf
thought and action. As the pri
mary step, therefore, t" our advance
ment in ail thr.t has marked our pro
gress in the past century, I suggest
for your earnest Consideration and
mosi earnestly recommed it, that a
constitutional amendment be submit
ted to tbe Legislatures of ihe several
States for ratification miking it the
duty of each of the several Statfs to
ESTABLISH AND FOREVER MAINTAIN
FEKE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
adequate to the education of all the
children in the rudimentary branch
es within their respective limits, ir
respective of sex, color, birth piaco
or religions, forbidding the teaching
in said schools of religions, Atheistic
or Pagan doctrines, and prohibiting
the granting of any school funds or
school taxes or any part thereof, j
either by legialatife, munkipal ori
others, for the benefit of any other!
object of any nature or kind what-I
ever. In connection with this im-1
portant question, I wuuld alto call
inlioato the iuportauce of
ganetilthat, if emitted i
., , ...I . , .!
your atte
corrc-ctiu
to continue, will prodsljif lead to
great trouble in our lan I before the
close of the nineteenth century. It is
THE ACCL VrLATIOS OP VAST AMOUNTS
OFCHUI1CH PBOPERTV.
In 1850, I believe, the church
property of the United States whjch1
paid no tax, municipal or State,
amounted to about $?:5,000,000. In
I $50 the amount bad doubled. In
1S75 it is about $1,000,000,000. Ry
1300, without check, it is safe to stiy
this property will' reach a sain ex
ceeding $3,000,000,000. So vast a;
sum, receiving ail the protection and j
benefits of government, without bear-'
ing its proportion cf the burdens and
expenses 01 tue same, will not be j
looked upon acquiescently by thoss
who have paid taxes. In a growing J
country, where real estate enhances'
so rapidly with time as in the United
States, there is scarcely a limit to the ;
wealth that may be acquired by cor-
poraiions, religious' or otherwise, if
allowed to retain real estate without
taxation. The contemplation ol so
rat a property a hero alluded to
without taxation may lead to seques
tration without . coiiStVit-ional au
thority, and through blood. I would
suggest the taxation of all property
equally, whether church or corpora
tion, exempting only the last resting
places of the dead and possibly, with
proper restrictions, church edifices.
OUR FOREIGN RELATIONS ENTIRELY
SATISFACTORY.
Our relations with most of the for
eign powers continue on a satisfacto
ry and friendly footing. Increased
intercourse, the extension of com
merce and cultivation of mutual in
terest fcave steadily improved our
relations with the largo majority of
the powers of the world, rendering
practicable the peaceful solutioa ot
questions which from time to time
necessarily arise, leaving few which
demand extended or particular no
tice. The correspondence of the De
partment of Stale with our diplomat
ic representatives abroad is trans
mitted herewith. I am happy to an
nounce the passage of an act by the
General
Cortes of Portugal, pro-1
claimed
since tte adjournment 01,
Congress, for the abolution of servi- j
tude in the Portuguese colonies. It
is to be hced that such legislation j
may be another step toward the great'
consummation to be reached when j
no man shall be permitted directly
or indirectly, under any guise, ex- j
cuse or form of law, to hold Lis fol
low man in bondage. I am of opin
ion also that it 13 the duty of the
United States, as contributing to
ward that end, and required by the
spirit of the age in which we live, to
provide by suitable legislation that j
no citizen of the United Stales shall
hold slaves as property in any other
country, or be interested therein. I
Chili has made reparation ia the 1
case of the whale ship Good Return,
seized without sufficient cause up
ward of forty years ao. Though'
she bad hitherto denied her accouut-:
ability, the denial was never acqui
esced in by this government, and the,
justice of the claim has been so earn-
eslly contended for that it has been
gratifying that she should have at
last acknowledged it
The arbitration in the case of the!
United States steamer Montigo, furj
the eeizuie and detention of which:
the Government ot the United States
of Colombia was held accountable,!
has decided in favor of the claim.
This decision La settled a question
which has been pending for several I
years, and which, while it continued
open, might more or less distuib the
good understanding which it is de
sirable should be maintained between
the Republics.
A reciprocity treaty with the King
of the Hawaiian Islands was conclud
ed the same month. As it contains
a stipulation that it shall not go into
effect until Congress shall enact ihe
proper legislation for the purpose,
copies of the instrument are here
with submitted, in order that if such
should be tbe pleasure of Congress,
the neceasary legislation upou the
subject may be adopted.
la March last an arrangement was
made through Mr. Cashing, ou.- Min
ister in Madrid, with the Spanish
Government for the payment by the
latter to the United States of the
sum of $30,000 ia coin for the par
pose cf the relief of the families of
persons of the sbip's company and
certain passengers of the Virginius.
This sum was to have been paid ia
three instalments at two moLtUs
each. It is due to tbe Spanish Gov
ernment that I should state that the
payments were fully and speedily an
ticipated by that Government, and
He
7.
DECEMBER 15, 1S75. .
that the whole amount was paid
within but a few days more than two
months from the date of the agree
ment, a copy of which is herewith
transmitted. In pursuance of the
terms of the adjustment I have di
rected the distribution of the amount
among the parties entitled thereto,
including the ship's company and
such of the passengers as were Amer
ican citizens. Payments are made
accordingly on opplicat'on of the
parties entitled thereto.
SOME PLAIN TALK ON TnE CUB AN QUES
TION. The past year has furnished no ev
idence of an approaching end of the
ruinous conflict which has been rag
ing for seven years in the neighbor
ing island of Cuba. .The same disre
gard of the laws cf civilized warlare
and of the just demands of humanity
which have heretofore called forth
expressions of condemnation from
the nations
of Christendom, have j
hlti ki'n th sad scene. 1
continued to blacken the sad scene. 1
Desolation, ruin, and Dillasre are per-
vading the rich fields of one of the ;
most fertile and productive regions 1
jof the earth, ami the incendiary's!
torch firing plantations and valuable j ry, the United States should careful
factories aad buildings is the ajent j ly avoid the false lights which might
i ciarkinT the alternate advance or
treat ot the contending parties. The
protracted continuance of the strife :
seriously aiTects the interests or all
commercial nations, but those of the
United States more than others, by
reason of its close proximity, its
larger trade aad intercourse with
Cuba, and frequent and intimate per
socal and social relations which have
crowa up between its citizens and j
those of the Island.
Moreover, the
ProIrtJ f. olir citizens In
l?e nJ " rendered ui.e
depreciated m value and in
Cuba is
ecure and
preciatea in value ana in capacity :
of production by the continuation of terest and rights of another Govern
tha strife, a:id the unnatural mode of ment, or of its people, are so far af
its conduct. The same i9 true, differ- fected by a pending civil conflict as
ing only in degree, with respect to! to require a definition of its relations
the ii.'erests mid people of other na-j to the parties thereto. But th'-S con
tions ; and the absence of any rea-! flict must be one which will be recog
sonable assurance of a near termina- nized in the sense of international
tion ol the conflict must of necessity I law as war. Belligerence, too, is a
soon ci'tupul the States thus suffering! fact; the mre existence of contend-
to consider whatttic interests of their:
own people
themselves
and their duty toward
may demand. I have
hoped
that Sjiain would
be enabled
to estatjiisa pean
i!i her colony, to
the property and 1
afford security to
tLe interests of our citizens, and al
low legitimate scops to trade and
commerce and the natural produv:-
tionsofthe Island. Because of this
hope, and from an extreme reluctance
to interfere in the most remote man
ner in the affairs of another and
fiiendly nation especially of one
whose sympathy and friendship in
the struggl.ng infancy of our own
existence must ever be remembered
with gratitude I have patiently and
anxiously waited the progress of
events. Oar own civil conflict is too
recent for ue not to consider the dif
ficulties which surround a govern
ment distracted by a dynastic rebel
lion at home, at the same time that
it has to cope with a separate insur
rec'.ion in a distant colony; but
whatever causes may have produced
the situation which so grievously af
fects our interest, it exists with all
i's attendant evils, operating direct
ly upon this country and its people.
Thus far all the resorts cf Spain have
proved abortive, and time has marked
no improvement in the situation.
The armed bands of either side now
occupy nearly the sam; ground as in
the past, with tbe difference from
time to time of mors lives sacrificed,
more property destroyed, and wider
extents of lertile and productive
field and valuable property con
stantly and wantonly sacrificed to
the incendiary's torch.
NO RECOGNITION OF CUBAN INDEPEND
ENCE FORESHADOWED.
In contests gf this nature, where a
considerable body of people who have
attempted to free themselves of the
control of the parent Government
have reached such a point in the oc
cupation of territory, in power and
ia general organization, as to consti
tute in fact a body politic, having a
government in substance as well as
ia tame, possessed of the elements
of stability and equipped with the
machinery frr the administration of j
internal policy and the execution of!
its laws, and prepared and able to!
administer justice at home as well as
in its dealings with other powers, it
is within the province of those other
powers to recognize its existence as
a new and independent nation. In
such cases other nations simply deal
with an actually existing condition
of things, and recognize as one of the
powers of the earth that body politic
which, possessing the necessary ele
ments, has in fact become a new
power. In a word, the creation of a
new State is a fact To establish the
condition of things essential to the
recognition of this fact, there must
be a people occupying a known terri-1
tory, united under some known and. waters which wash the shores of Cu
defined form of goveroraentacknowl-- ba. The exercise of this supposition
edged by those subjects thereto, in could scarce tail to lead, if not to
which the functions of government ; abases, certainly to collisions peril
are administered by the usual meth-j ous to the peaceful relations of the
ods, competent to mete out justice to j two States. There can be little doubt
citizens and strangers, to aflord rem-; to what result such supervision would
edies for public and for private : before long draw tttis nation. It
wrongs, and aUe to assume the rela- would be unworthy of the United
tive international obligations and ca-! States so inaugurate the possibilities
pable of performing the correspond-itf such a result by aieasures of quts
ing international duties resulting! lionable right or expediency, or by
from its acquisition of the rights of . any indirection. Apart from any
sovereignty and power, should exist ( question of theoretical right, I am
complete in its organization, ready 1 satisfied that, while the accordance
to take and able to maintain it3 place
among tbe cations 01 the earth.
While conscious that the insurrection
in Caba has shown a strength and
endurance which makes it at least)
doubtful whether it be in the power
of Spain to subdue it, it seems un
questionable that no such civil or-j
ganization exists which may be rec
ognized as an independent govern
ment capable of performing its obli
gations and entitled to lie treated aa
one of the powers of the earth. A
recognition under such circumstances
would be inconsistent with the fact,
and would compel the power to give brought to an end by acts of the par
it aid soon to support by force the! ties themselves, and should the evils
government to which it had really j which result therefrom afflicting all
given its only real claim of existence,
In my judgment, tLe United ftates Mates, continue. In such event, 1
should adhere to the policy and the : am of opinion that other nations will
principles which have heretofore been ' be compelled to asscme the respon
ds sure and safe guides in like con-; sihility wbich devolves opon them,
tests Ix-t ween revolted colonies acd and to seiiously consider tho only re
their mother country, and, acting i maining measures possible.
i dl
only upon the clearest evidence,
shonl.l avoid any possibility of sus
picion or of imputation, a recogni
tion of the independence cf Cuba be
in j, ia my opinion, impracticable
ami indefensible.
NO rBESEXT RECOGNITION OF BELLIG
ERENT RIGHTS LIKELY.
The question which next presents
itself is that of the recognition of
belligerent rights in the parties to
the contest In a former message to
Congress I had occasion to consider
this question, and reached the con
clusion that the conflict in Cuba,dev
astating as were its incidents, did
not rise to the fearful dignity of war.
Regarding it now, after this lapse of
time, I am unable to see that any
notable succiss, any marked or real
advance oa the part of the insur
gents has essentially changed the
character of the contest. It has ac
quired greater age, but not greater
or more formidable proportions,
ia nnilil that the acts of fori
It
is possible that the acts of
foreign
nowers. and even the acta of
?pain
herself, of this very nature might be
pointed to ia defense 01 suca rccog-
nition; but now, as ia its past histo-
re-.lead it into the mazes of doubtful law
and of questionable propriety, and
adhere rigidly and sternly to the rale
which has been its guide, and doing
only that which, is right and honest
and of good report The question
ot according or of withholding the
lights of belligerency must be judged
ia every case in view of the particu
lar attending facts, unless justified
by necessity. It is always and jastly
regarded as an unfriendly act ana a
Tatuitous demonstration of moral
D
support to the rebellion. It is neces-
sary, ana 11 is requireu waen me in-
102 armed bodies and their occasion-
al conflicts do not constitute war in '
the sense referred to. Applying to
the existing condition of affairs in
Cuba the tests recognized by public
ists and writers on international law,
aad which have been observed by
taii jns of dignity, honesty and pow
er when tree from sensitive or selfish
and unworthy motives, I fail to find
ia the insurrection the existence of j
such a substantial political organiza
tion, real, palpable or manifest to the
world, having the forms and capable
of the ordinary functions of . govern
ment, toward its own people and to
other States, with courts for the ad
ministration of justice, with a local
habitation, possessing such organiza
tion of force, such material, such oc
cupation of territory as to take the
contest out of the category of a mere
rebellious insurrection or occasional
skirmishes, and place it on the terri
ble footing or war to which a recog
nition of belligerency would aim to
elevate it The contest, moreover, is
solely on land. The insurrection has
not possessed itself of a 6ing!e sea
port where it may send forth its flag;
nor has it any means of communica
tion with foreign powers except
through the military lines of its ad
versaries. No apprehension of any
of those sudden and difficult compli
cations which a war upon the ocean
is apt to precipitate upon the vessels,
both commercial and national, and
upon the consular officers of other
powers, calls for the definition of
their relations to thj parties to the
contest.
CONSIDERED A3 A QUESTION OF EXPED
IENCY,
I regard the accordance of belliger-
ent richts still to be as
unwise and
it to be at
! premature as 1 regard
nresent indefensible as a measure of
right. Such recognition entails upon
the country according the rights
which flow from it, difficult and com
plicated duties, and requires the ac
tion from the contending parties of
the strict observance of their rights
'and obligations. It confers the
rignts of seaicli upon tne niga seas
by vessels of both parties; would sub-
ject the carrying ot arms ana ammu-
nition of war which now may be
transported freely and without inter
ruption in the vessels of the United
States to detention and to possible
seizure; it would give rise to count
less vexations; would release the par
government from responsibility for
acts done on the insurgents, and
would invest Spain with the right to
exercise the superiorism recognized
by our treaty of 1795 over our com
merce, on the high seas a very large
part of which in its tratEc between
the Atlantic and Gulf States and be
tween all of them and the States np-
on the Pacific, passes through the
of billigerent rights to the insurgents
in Cuba mignt give tnem a nope ana
inducement to protract the struggle,
: it would be but a delusive hope, and
would not remove the evils which
this Government and its people are
experiencing, but would draw the
United States into complications
which it has waited long and already
suffered much to avoid. The recog
nition of independence or of belliger
ency being thus in ray judgment,
equally inadmissible, tt remains to
consider what course shall be adopt
ed, should the conflict not soon be
people
nations, and particularly tho United j
T "T
id
WHOLE NO. 1275
MEDIATION AND INTERVENTION.
Owin, perhaps, to the larg ex
panse of water separating the island
from the peninsular, the want of har
mony and of personal sympathy be
tween the inhabitants of the colony
and those sent thither to rule .hcm,
and tbe want of tbe adoption of the
ancient colonial system of Europe to
the present times and to the ideas
which the events of the past cen
tury have developed, the contending
parties appear to have within them
selves no depository of common mn.
fidence to suggest wisdom when pas
sion and excitement have their sway,
and tn assume the nart of neace-msk-
er. In this view, in the early days
of the contest, the good offices of the
United States as a mediator were
tendered in good faith, without any
selflsh purpose. Ia the interest of j important duties very
humanity and in sincere triendship 'aad very satisfactorily.
for both parties, but were at the time
declined by Spain, with the decl.ira- j July, 1374, acd by the terms of the
tion, nevertheless, that at a future act under which it was created was
time they would be indispensable. j to exist for one year from that date.
No intimation has been received that j The act provided, however, that
in the opinion of Spain that time has; should it be found impracticaMc to
been reached, and yet the struggle 'complete the work of the court before
continues with all its dread results,! the expiration of the year, the Trssi
and all its injuries to the interests cf dnl migh, by proclamation, extend
the United Stales and of other na-j the time of duration, not to exceed
tions. Each party seems quite capa- six months beyond the expiration of
ble of working great injury and dam- j the one year. Having received sat
age to the other, as weil as to all the t ufactory evidence that it would be
relations and interests dependent on! impracticable to complet the work
the expense of peace in the isianti;
1 .. . . 1. ,. .. . m
uui fcuvy Deem j
INCAPABLE OF REACHING ANT ADJUST
MENT,
and both have thu3 far failed of
achieving any success whereby one
party shall possess and control the
island to the exclusion of the other.
Under these circumstances the aeQ-
gency of others, either by mediation
or by intervention, seems to be the
onlv alternative which must sooner
er later be invoked for the termina
tion of the strife At the same time,
while thus imoressed. I do not at
this lime recommend the adoption of!
anv measure or intervention. I shall
be ready at all times, and as
Ike j
. tv,tt .T.-i r.tfi- r.r.
fr 1 at, n
tue United States will be acceptable !
to aid in bringing about a peace hon-i
arable to both. It is due to Spain,
so far as this Government is con-:
cerned. that the agency of a third j
nowsr. la wh en 1 Lave adverted.
i - -, -
shall be adopted only as tae last ex
pedient Had it been the desire of
the United States to interfere in the
affairs of Cuba, repeated opportuni
ties for so doiog, have been presented
ithin the last few years; but we have
remained passive and performed our
whole duty, and ail international ot
ligation to Spain with friendship,
fairness and fidelity, and with a spir
it of patience and forbearance which
negatives every possible suggestion
of a desire to interfere or to add to
the difficulties with which she has
been surrounded. The Government
of Spain has recently submitted to
our Minister at Madrid certain pro
posals which, it is feared, may be
found to be tte basis if not the actu
al submission of terms to meet the
requirement of the particular griefs
of which this Government has felt it
self entitled to complain. These pro
posals have not reached me in their
full text Oa their arrival they will
be taken into caretul examination,
and may I hope lead to a satisfacto
ry adjustment of the questions to
which they refer, and remove the
possibility of future occurrences such
as have gien rise to our just com
plaints? It is understood also that
renewed efforts are being made to in- j
trod ace I
REFORMS IN THE INTERNAL ADMINIS
TRATION OT THE ISLAND.
Persuaded, however, that a proper
rrBr for th interests of the United !
States and of its citizens entitled to j
relief rrom the strain to which it has
been subiected bv the difficulties of i
the Questions and the wrongs and
losses which arise from the contest j
in Cuba, and that the interests of hu
manity itself demand the cessation of
the strife before the whole island
shall be laid waste and larger sac.i
fices oriife be made, I shall feel it
my duty, should my hopes of a satis
factory adjustment and of the early
restoration of and the removal of fu
ture causes of complaint be unhappi
ly disappointed, to make a fuither
communication to tousress at sorae
period not far remote, and during
present session, .reeommending what
may then seem to me to be
necessa-
THE THEE ZONE.
The Free Zone, so-called, several
years since established by the Mexi-
- . . m
can Government in certain 01 tne
States of that Republic, adjacent to
our frontier, remains in tull operation.
It has always been materially injuri-f had at a la'ge outlay 01 capital and
ous to honest traffic, for it operates j at great risk demonstrated the prac
as an incentive to traders ia Mexico! tie-ability of maintaining such means
to supply without customs charges t of communication- Tho costofcor
the wants of inhabitants on this side j respondence by this agency was great
the line, and prevents the same wants I possibly not too large at the time for
from being supplied by merchants of j a proper remuneration for so costly
the Ln.ted states, thereby, to a con-
siderable extent, defrauding our rev -
enue aad checking honest Manner -
cial enterprise.
TTor, itiavi TIT ARMED BANDS FilOM i
mexic
on the people or Texas near the fron -
tier continue. Though the main ob
ject of the incursions is robbery, tiiey
frequently result ia the murder of,
anarmed and peaceably disposed per -
sons, and in some instances even the !
United States postotHces
IUU 11111 ,
J nn ill
communications have been attacked.
Renewed remonstrances upon this
sut-ject have been addressed to the
Mexican Government, but without
much apparent effect Tbe military
force r this Government disposable
lor service in that quarter is quite
inadequate to effectually guard the
line, even a 1 iuaw puiuia "nut
incursions are usually made. An ex
periment of an armed vessel on the
Rio Grande for that prrpose is oa
trial, and it is hoped that if not:
thwarted br the ahallowness oftlie
river and other nataral obstacles, it
may materially contribute tothe pro
tection of the "herdsmen of Texas.
THE PROCEEDINGS 01 THE JOINT COM
MlaSlOX. under the convention between tbe
United States aod Mexico of the 4th
Joly, 1863. oa the subject of claims,
1 will scon be brought to a close. The
result of those proceedings will then
be communicated to Congress.
VINEZCELA WIU TAT CT.
I am happy to announce that the
Government of Venezuela has upon
further considera'ion. practically
j . " .
Liitud ...il.. iuav saali. ul ia uiv
nue which, some years since it allot
ted toward the extinguishment of
claims of foreigners generally. Ia
thus reconsidering its determination
that Government has shown a just
sense of self-respect which cannot
fail to reflect credit upon it ia the
eyes of all disinterested persons else
where. It is to be regretted, how
ever, that its payments) on account of
claims of citizens of the United States
are stUI so meager as to demand that
the stipulations of the treaty in re
gard to the sums to to paid, and the
periods whet these payments were to
take place, sbonld have been so
signally disregarded.
TREATIES AND CONVENTIONS.
Since my last annual message the
exchange ba been made of ths rati
fication of a treaty of commerce and
navigation with Belgium, and of con
ventions with the Mexican Republic
for the furtfler extension of tbe joint
i commission
respectinz claims, wita
the Hawaiian Islands for commercial
reciprocity, and with the Ottoman
Empire for extradition, aJ or wnicn
bave en duly proclaimed
ALABAMA CLAIMS.
The Court of Commissioners of
Alabama Claims has prosecuted its
assiduously
It convened
: and was organized on the 22d day of
within the time originally fixed, 1
issued a proclamation (a copy of
which is presented herewith), extend
ing the time of the duration of the
court for a period of six months from
and after the 22 1 day of July last. A
report made through the clerk of
court (communicated herewith) shows
the condition of the calendar oa the
1st of November last, and tbe large
amount or work which has been ac
complished. Thirteen hundred and
eighty-two claims have been present
ed, or which six hundred and eighty
two had been disposed of at the date
of the report. I am informed that
one hundred and seventy cases were
decided during the month of Novem
ber. Arguments are Deing enaiie anu
decisions zivea ia th remaiaing
cases, with all the dispatch conais-ent
M P?- complication of the
question submitted. Many of these
claims are in behalf of manners or
P ?T,J".ce ,1 fcll
" ,,"ai ; "- U""J"
1 the necessary evidence. It is repre-
' . a . . .!. 1 1 1 1 V. a . . ..nti.
Ben tea 10 mc ma. it win ut impn..i
cable for tbe court to finally dispose
of all the cases before it within the
present limit of its duration. Justice
to the parties claimant, who have
been at large expense in preparing
their claims and obtaining tho evi
dence in their support, suggests a
shoit extension to enable the court
o dispose of all of the claims whiea.
hav been presented. I recommend
the legislation which may be deemed
proper to enable the court to com
plete the work before it
CLAIMS or ALIENS.
I recommend that some suitable
provision be made, by the creation
of a special court, or by conferring
the necessary jurisdiction upon some
appropriate tribunal, for the consid
eration an l determination of ths
claims of aliens sgainst the Govern
ment of the United States which have
arisen in some reasonable time, or
which may hereafter arise, excluding
all claims barred by treaty provisions
or otherwise. It has been found im
possible to give proper consideration
to these claims by the Executive De
partment of the Government Suck
a tribunal wou'd afford an opportu
nity to aliens other than British sub
jects to present their clsims on ac
count of acts committed against tneir
persons or property during tho re
bellion, as also those subjects of
Great Britain whoso claims having
arisen subsequently to tho 9lh of
Aptil, 13C5, could not be presented
to tue late commission organizes
pursuant to tho provisions
of the
Treaty of ashmgton.
THE ELECTRIC TBLEGRATB
has become an essential and indis
pensable element in ths transmission
of business and social messages. Its
operation on land and within the
limit of particular States is particu
larly under the control of the juris
diction within which it operates.
Tbe lines on the high seas, however,
are not subject to the particular son-
tjje!trol of any one government In 136?
a commission was granted bj tno
French Government to a company
which proposed to lay a cable from
the shores of France to the United
States. At that time there was a
telegraphic connection between tho
United States and the continent of
: turope, wrougu ice possessions 01
Britain at either end of the lino, in
1 the control of an association which
. t.L r .
aa enterprise, it was, - However, a
! teavy charge
0 pon the means of com
irhich prcrreMia tho
; munication,
! social and commercia
al iaiCoe of
th cnrld sit fonnJ to be a fcai-
i tv, ana tue oniainin?: 01 wis xrosm
I concession showed tnat .othex capital
: tbsQ lhat aJy invested was ready
L eBUr into competition, with assur-
! e 0f jequate return for their out-
, impressed with the conviction
that tne interest not only of tbe
-or,ie cr the United States, but of
tho world at large demanded or
would demand tbtw43altiplication of
such means cf communication be
tween separated continents, 1 was
desirous that the proposed connec
tion should be made; but certain
; DrOTi3ion3 of this concession wero
. ,eemeii by me to "be objectionable,
1 ..rt.jcui.rlv one which gavo for a
Ion 2 term 01 years tao exclusive
right of telegraehic communication
by sub-marine cable between tho
snores of France and the United
i States. I could not concede that
any poner should claim the right to
land a cable on the shores of tho
United States, and at the same time
deny to the United States or to its
' citizens the grant of an equal right
to land a cable on its shorts. Tho
right to control tho conditions tot
tbe laying of a cable within the Juris
dictional waters of the United State,
to connect ocr shores wita those of