f
f ,AWW!M
SUNBURY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA -SATURDAY, JULY 13, 1SGI.
OLD SERIES, VOL. 21, NO 42.
NEW SERIES, VOL. 14, NO. 16.
08
2o ou
The Sunbury American.
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY
BY H. B. MASSES,
Market Square, Sunbury, JVnna.
TERMS OP SUBSCRIPTION.
TWO DOLLAR per nam tot twiil half year
, rBiJjv.... NofAr.a d,acontinued '"' arrearages
...paid. T TT-na,
ThfM Copies to oim ddrei
Bcvft do. .
an dn.
Five dollar, in advanc. will pay forth" year's sub
sutlntlcm to the American. ,,,. .i frank
tEaima.ler. will pie... act mom
letter, containing .ub.cr ption iinoney. Ihey ac. permit
tad to do tliis under the INistOffiee 1-aw.
TERMS OF ADVUaTItlNO
OneSquareoflS lines' 3 times,
Every .ulweauent Insertion, "
One Square, 3 months,
Six month.,
( In irMf .
Business Card, or Five line., per snnmn, -Merchant,
ami other. .lve,,..nf l.y th
with tlie privilege of inserting different adv
tr J-argei Adverti.emit., a. per agreement.
JOB PRIWTIHO.
W. hnvr connected wilh our establishment a well se
(acted JOB OF PICK, which will enable n. to execute
lata. nctc.t .tyle, every v.iictv of printine..
H.'b.' iA333EP.
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BUSBUEY, PA.
Buslnes. attended to in the Counties of Nor
.umbcrland, Union, Lycoming Montoui and
Columbia.
References in PhUadelpliia :
Hon t,,l- lt.Trsnn. Chas. millions. r..q
Somer. & Snideraai,
ear,
ver-
I 00
a im
s 110
8 00
3 00
io oo
Linn Pmith Co
3. 1 1 o v n c ij a t a vo ,
No. US Rroadtvny, Hw York.
Will carefully attend to Collection, and all other maltcr
imruttted to hi. cure.
Slav St. 1H5H.
FRANKLIN HOUSE,
n 1" It V I L T AND REFURNISHED,
Cur. of Ilutvard and Franklin Streets, a few
Squares West of the X. C. It. 1!. Depot,
DAITIMOEE-
FlRM., ft FKH DT
(V. LEISENTHXG, Proprietor,
July 10, IMO. tf F""n Sell" C"ve, Pa.
WILLIAM V .OMKHS CHALKLKI SOMKns.
G. SOMERS & SON,
Importers and- Dealers in
Cloths, Cassimeres. Vestings, Taylors
Trimmings, &c,
Ko 3S South Fourth Street, between Market and
Cheanut Street, Philadelphia.
Merchant other, visiting the city would find
it to their advantage to givo them a call and ex
iinine their atock.
March 10, 1860
Waterloo tbo day after the Battle.
Oo surface of two square miles it wat
ascertained that fitly thousand men and
borees were lying 1 The luxurious crop of ripe
graio which bad covered tbe field of battle,
was reduced to s litter, sod beaten Into the
earth ; and tbe surface trodden down by tbe
cavalry, and furrowed deeply by tbe cannon
wheels, strewed by many a relio of tbe fight.
Helmets end cuirasses, shattered firearms
and broken swot ds ; all the variety of military
ornaments, lancer caps and Highland bon
nets ; uniforms of every color, plume end
pennon ; musical instruments, iue apparatus
of artillery, drums, bugles, bat good Uod I
why dwell on tbe harrowing picture of a
foreotteo Geld f each and ever; roinous
display bore mote testimony to tbe misery of
aucb a battle.
Could the melancholy appearance of this
scene of death be heightened, it woold be by
witnessing the researches of tbe living, amid
its desolation, for tbe objects of their love.
Mother, and wives, and children, were occu
pied In that mournful doty ; and tbe confu
sion of tbe corpses friend and foe inter
mingled, as the were often rendered the
attempt at recognizing individuals difficult,
and in some cases impossible.
In many places tbe dead lay four deep npon
each other, murking tbe spot some British
square bad occupied, exposed for boors to
the murderous fire of a Fricch battery.
Uutside, lancer end cuirassier were scattered
thickly on tbe earth. Madly attempting to
force the seried bayonets of the British, tbey
bad fallen in tbe bootless essay by tbe mus
ketry of the loner files. Further oo, you
trace where tbe cavalry of France and Eng.
laud had encountered, cbassear and hasseur
were intermingled, and tbe beuvy Norman
horses of tbe Imperial Guard were inter
spersed with tbe gray chargers which had
carried Albyus chivalry. Here the High
luuder and traileur lay, side by side, together ;
and the buavy dragoon, with green Frio's
badge upon bis helmet, was grappling io
death wilh the Polish lancer.
Oa the summit of the ridge, where tbe
ground was cumbered with dead, and trodden
fetlock deep in mud and gore by tbe frequent
rush of rival cavalry, the tbick strewn corpses
of tbe Imperial Uuard pointed out tbe .pot
where Napoleon bad been defeated. Here,
in column that favored corps, on whom bis
last chances rested, bad been annihilated ;
and the advance and repulse of tbe Guard
was traceable by a mass of I'alleo Frenchmen.
In tbe hollow below, tbe last struggle of
France bad been vainly made ; for there the
Old Uuaid attempted to meet the British,
and afford time for their disorganized com
panions to rally.
J. P. SHIN DEL GOBIN,
Attorney 6j Counsellor at Law
SUNBURY,
WILL attend faithfully to the collection ofclaims
and all professional buaineaa in the countiea of
Northumberland, Montour, Union and Snyder.
rrtvA,, in thn German lanzuaize.
j-j- oiBce one door east of the Prothoiiotary'a j
office.
Sunbury, May 30, I860. ly j
THE INTERNATIONAL HOTEL,
UROAUWAY, CORNER OF FRANKLIN STREET
NEW TTORIC CITY,
rr... i...iee,nent. to Merchant, mid Touri.t. vi.iling
,w Yoik.unmirr -dhy any Hotel m the 0f WOr I e
l-ne . nj.re .in.! the mlvm.t'e. winch it po. J " 1
,VMiul which w.ll he appreciated hy i.l Uaveler.. hard lot a
1st. A central location, c.mveulent to place, of Du.llieiM, , $er a mia
is vveM n. place, ot utnu.enieni.
id sL"iro!ni.ly clean, well furnished .ifinS room.,
.vilh'a imwiiificent Lidice I'allor, cJinniundins u "ten-
:i.'r view nr urimiiwrtv . ,
3.1. Irce and .uperhly fumi.hed ittmar room., with a
,U'ii.ticul Parlor, eoinmanding an extei.aive view of
minni
4i Ucnir conducted on the Furnpean plan, vi.itor.
hve .n the beat .tyle, with the greuie.t economy
Slii. It i. connected wilh
rajlor's Celebrated Saloon,
wlieruviiilor.mil have their meal., or, if they dcire
thev will he furmihed in their own room..
Gill The fu;e.ved in the rMloon. and Hotel la ac
VnowlMlucl by epiemca. to be va.tly .U(erior to that of
anv other Hotel ill the city. . .
Wh lllhe adv.nu.KC, the .t of iv.nt : Ml lb.
,.. i ,.h below that of any other hrat elan.
f!' v . r.ll 40N J
lintel.
Aupu.t 4, 186U. W
, p.M.niNG'S Prepared Glue, and Shelley. Mucilaga
Price per boltle and hruih t cent.
Cordial Elix.r of Cliaaya Bark it Beniine, for removmi
"" FOR BVLE AT THIS OFFICE,
fiunhury. March 17 le6U.
GIION CO., Proprietor..
a NEW LOT OF HARDWARE
A lil.F.RY. Also, the heat assortment of Iror
Naila an'l tsteel to be fonnd in the county, at the
Mammoth .tore of FKILINU el UKn I ,
ritinbnry, une S, 1860.
cofectkInaiiies, TOYS &c.
vl. O. GBARHAT,
ry1i"N8TANTLY keep, on band all kinds of
U J r,.,i,fp. iionaries. truit and I oys, wnicli lie
is sollitiK at wholesale and retail. Having the
necessary machinery &e., b U manufacturing
all kinds of Toy., and keeps up his .lock, o that
purchasers will not be at a loss tor a supply
almost any article they may desire.
APPLES! APPLES ! ! APPLES!!!
.Lilt received, a larire lot of auplea. which ha is
telling at wholesale and retail, at low prices
(Jive us a call.
M. C. GEAUHARr
Runbury, March 8, 1801. if
' SKELETON SKIRT8-
A T the Mammoth Store will be found a
Mrs. Partington's Visit to the Tented
Field.
We take tbe following from tbe Boston
I'ust .
'-Did the guard present arms to you, Mrs.
Partington 1" asked the commissary of bar as
she entered tbe marquee.
"You moan tbe ceotory," she said, smiling.
"I have heard so much about tbe tainted field
that 1 believe I could deplore an attachment
into line myself, and secure them as well as an
officer. Yon asked me if tbe guard presented
arms. He didn't, but a sweet little man with
an epilepsy on his shoulder and a smile on bis
! face did, and asked me if 1 wouldn't go into a
tent and smile. 1 told hitn tbat we could
both smile outside, when be politely touched
bis chateau aud left me." The commissary
presented a bard wooden stool upon which
she reposed herself. "Tbis is one of tbe seats
eoppose 7 said she. "Ob, wnal a
soldier is objected to. 1 uon t woo-
at tbe hardened lunuence or a sol
dier's life. What is tbat fort" said sbe, as
tbe noise of tbe cannon saluted her ear. "I
hope tbey baiu't tiring on my account."
Tbete was a solicitude in ber tones as sbe
spoke, and sbe was informed it was only the
Governor, who bad just arrived upon tbo
field. "Dear me," said sbe, "bow crnel it
must be ta make tbe old gentlemen come way
down here, when be is so feeble tbat be has
to take bis stuff with bim wherever be goes."
Sbe was so affected at tbe idea tbat sbe bad
to take a few drops of white wine .to restore
ber equilibrium, aud to counteract tbe dust
from tbe "tainted field."
Passagk ok Tiioors through Bai.timork.
Since tbe first of June tbe following regi
ments of United States troops bave passed
through lialtimore to Washington :
Number of Men. 1st .Maine, tsau ; zna ao
840; 3ddolOGu; 4tb do lO.iC ; 5tbdo 1000.
2d Michigan 900 ; 3d do 1034. 1st Mitne
sola 104li. 1st Massachusetts 1050. 1st
New Jersey 1010 ; 2d do 1044 ; 3d do 9'J6.
2d New Hampshire 1000. 14th New York
HO; 15th do 770 ; 16th
810; l'Jtb do 810; 21st
770: 27tb do 850; 28tb
850 ; 31st do 825 ; 37lb
819. 2d Pennsylvania
riuiall'i regiment 1000.
1226. 2d Wibcodsio 1040. 2J Vermont
000. United States Infantry 1400. Re
cruits (various bodies,) 1300. Total, 31,902.
Jo addition to tuis total or tniriy one
tbousaud nine hundred aud two men going
to Washington, tbe First Rhode Island reg
iment passed through to (Jbambershurg, and
returned to Washington, aoo toe 1 birteentn
and Twentieth New York regiments bave
arrived and are still stationed there.
A Model Biography.
Perhaps tbe briefest personal memoirs
ever written were those of Count Roptopebin,
written In ten minutes. We subjoin a few
paragraphs, each of which constitute "chap
ter." Mr Birth. On tbe 12ib day nf March,
17C5, 1 merged from darkness Into light of
day. I was measured, I was weighed, I was
baptised. 1 was born witbont knowing
wherefore, and my parents thanked lleaveq
withoot knowing for wbat.
My Education. I was taught all sorts of
things, and learned all sorts of languages.
By dint of impotence and quackery, I some
times passed for a savant. My bead bas be
come a library of odd volumes, of which I
keep the key.
Mr Si'kfrrinos. I was tormented by mas
ters ; by tailors, who made tight dresses for
me by women ; by ambition ; by self-love ;
by useless regrets, and by remembrances.
Memorable Krocus. At tbe age of thirty,
I gave op dancing ; at forty my endeavors to
please tbe fair sex : at fifty, my regard of
thinking ; and 1 bave now become a true
sape, or egotist, which is the same thing.
Kkhi'kctablk 1 binch'lf.9. 1 bave never
meddled ic any marriages or scandal. 1
bave never recommended a cook or physician
and eonsequotly bave never attempted the
lifrt of any one.
My Dislikks. I have a dislike to sots and
fops, and to intriguing womeo who make a
game or virtue ; a ditgusl of aOectatioo ; a
pity for made-op men and painted women
an aversion to rats, liquors, metaphysics,
and rhubarbs ; a terror of justice and wild
beasts.
Analysis of my Life 1 await death
without fear and without impatience. My
life has been a bad melodrama on a ground
stage, wbere I have played the bero, tbe
tyrant, the lover, tbe nobleman but never tbe
varlet.
My EriTAPii. Here lies, io bope of re.
sponse, an old deceased man, with a worn out
spirit, an exhausted heart, and a used-up
body. Jjadies and gentlemen, pass on.
Rathkr Suort. The Boston Traveler
states tbat most of the shirts made by tbe
ladies of Boston for the volunteers, are from
four to six inches too short :
Like a man without a wife,
Like a ship without a sail.
The most useless thing in life
Is a shirt without a proper length.
Says tbe Boston Saturday Evening Gazette
A man in Berks co., Pennsylvania bas a rose
bush io bis garden which blossoms with red,
white and blue roses. So says a reliable
exchange. We can better tbis, for Mr.
Jones, of.Uambridge assures ub that bo bas
got a lilacb bush tbat is budded with minia
ture American flags and patriotic breast
pins, and tbat a robin comes there every
morning aud whistles "Yankee Doodle" on
it.
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.
Felltw Cilisrni rf the Senate end Home of
Representatives : Having been convened oo
ao extraordinary occasion authorized by tbe
Constitution, your attention is not called to
any ordinary subject of legislation. At tbe
beginning of tbe Presidential term, foor
months ago, the functions ot Ike federal
Qoveroment were found to be generally
suspended within tbe several States of South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi,
Louisiana and Florida, excepting only those
of the Post Office Department. Within
these States all the forts, arsenals, dock
yards, custom bouses and tbe like, bad been
seized and were held in open hostility to this
Government, excepting only forts Pickens,
Taylor, and Jefferson, on and near the
Florida coast, and Fort Sumter, in Charles
ton harbor, South Carolina. The forts thus
seized had been put in improved condition.
New ones bad been built, and armed forces
bad been organised and were organizing, all
avowedly with tbe same hostile purpose.
Tbe forts remaining in tbe possession of the
Federal Government In and near these States
were either besieged or menaced by warlike
preparations, and especially Fort Sampler,
which was nearly sorrounned by well-projected
hostile batteries with guns equul in
quality to the best of its own, and outnum
bering tbe latter as perhaps ten to one. A
disproportionate share of the Federal mus
kets aod rides had somehow fonnd their way
into these States, and bad been seized to be
used against the Government. Accumula
tions of tbe publio revenue, lying within
them, had been seized for tbe same object.
Tbe navy was scattered In distant sees,
leaving but a very small part of it within the
immediate reach of tbe Uov-;nment. Offi
cers of the Federal army and navy had re
signed io great numbers, and of tbose resign
ing a large proportion had taken op arms
against the Government. Simultaneously,
aod in connection with all tbis, tbe purpose
to sever tbe Federal Uoioo was openly
avowed. In accordance with tbis purpose
an ordinance bad been adopted in each of
these States declaring tbe States respectively
to be separated from tbe National Union.
A formula for instituting a combined Govern
ment of these States bad been promulgated,
aod tbis illegal organization in tbe character
of Confederate States was already invoking
recognition, aio, ana luierveunou iruui luieigu
Powers. I
Finding this condition or things, and be- j
lieving it to be an imperative duty upon tbe j
iucoming Executive to prevent, if possible, I
the consummation of such attempt to destroy .
tbe Federal Union, a choice of means to tbat
end became indispensable. Tbis choice was .
made, aod was declared in the Inaugural
Address. Tbe policy chosen looked to tbe
exbuostioo of all peaceful measures before a
resort to any stronger ones. It sought only j
to bold the public places and property not ,
from tbe Government, and
reduction of Fort Sumter was in no sense a
matter of self defence oo the part of tbe
assailants. Tbey well knew tbat tbe garrison
in tbe fort could by no possibility commit
aggression upon them. Tbey knew tbey
were expressly notified tbat the giving of
bread to tbe few brave and hungry men of
tbe garrison was all which could, on tbat
occasion, be attempted, nnless themselves by
resisting so much should provoke more.
Tbey knew that tbis Government desired to
keep tbis garrison io the fort ; not to assail
them, but merely to maintain visible porses
f ion, trusting, as hereinbefore stated, to time,
discussion, aod the ballot-box, for final
adjustment. And they assailed and reduced
tbe fort for precisely tbe reverse object to
drive out the visible authority of the Federal
Uuion, and thus force it to immediate disso
lution.
That Ibis wna the object, the Eiecutive well
understood ( and having said to them in the In
augural cl diets, "you c.in have no con flic with
out being youmelves the naiiressnrs " he took
paina not only to keep this declaration good, but
also to keep the ease so free from the power of
ingenious sophistry aa that the world should not
be able to misunderstand it. LI) the affair at
Port Sumpler, wilh its surrounding circumstan
ces, that point was reached. Then and thereby
the assailants of the Government begain the con
flict of arma without a gun in sight or in expec
tancy to return their lire, save only the few in the
fort, sent to that harbor ycara before for their
own protection, and still ready to give that pro
tection, and .till ready to give that protection in
whatever wa. lawful. In this act, discarding all
else, they bave forced upon the country the dis
tinct issue immediate dissolution of blood. And
this issue embraces more than the fate of these
United Hfates. It presents to tbe whole family
of man the question whether a Constitutional Re
public or Democracy a government of the peo
ple by the same people can or cannot maintain
it. territorial integrity against its domestic foes'
It presents the question whether discontented in
dividuals, too lew in numbers to control the Ad
ministration according to the organic law in any
case, can always, upon the pretences made in
this case or any other pretence, break up their
government, and thus practically put an end to
the freest government upon the earth. It forces
us to ask: Is there in all Kepublica this inhesent
and fatal weakness 1 Must a government of ne
cessity be too strong for the liberties of its own
people or too weak to maintain it. own exi.tcncel
So viewing the issue, no choice wis left but to
call out the war power of the Government, and
su to resist the force employed for its destruction
by force for its preservation.
The call was made, Bod tbe response of the
country was most gratifying, surpassing io
tiuauiuiity and spirit tbe most sanguine ex
pectations. Yet nono of the States common
ly called slave States, except Delaware, gave
a regiment through regular State organiza
tion. A few regiments have been organized
within some others of tbose States by individ
ual enterprise, and received into the Govern
ment service. Of course the seceded States
to collect the revenne. relvinff for the rest on i ? c"lled- 8tld to b.lcb. 1 eJ!ae had beeo joined
. ithniil. I ,,A tiuia ftt IhA inaiiirn ml nn Dt,i
riiBPUAainn. nri tha. h.llnt box. It . ' r-
time,
A New Arm. A new arm is now being
exhibited in New York. Tbe article is a
grenade, and is thrown by band in such a
manner, as to invariably strike oo its point,
which causes instant explosion and conse
quent destruction or the object that it comes
iu contact with. It is of ao oval form, aud
may be any size, from one pound op to eight.
Instead of tbe charge being ignited by a fuse,
as is usual, it is done by ao ordinary percus
sion cap. Tbe nipple on which the cap is
placed is bidden from view, and everything is
so arranged tbat it is perfectly burmless,
unless wben intended to be thrown. As it is
necessary tbat tbe grenade should always
strike on its point, a vane is affixed at uue
end, which properly directs its course.
This Monitor Capsized. "1 my time.
miss," said a stern aunt, "the men looked at
tbe women's faces instead of tbeir ankles I"
"Abl my dear aunt," retorted tbe youog
lady, "you sue tbe world bas improved, and is
more civilized tbao it used to be. It looks
more to tbe understanding."
promised a continuance of tbe mails, at the
Government's expense, to tbe very people
wbo were resisting tbe Government, and it
gave repeated pledges against any disturban
ces to any of the people, or any of tbeir
rights. Of all that wbich 4 President might
constitutionally aud justifiably do in Bucb a ;
case everything was lorbitfne, without wbicb
it was believed possible to keep the Govern
ment ou foot.
On tbe 5th of March, tbe present incum
bent's first full day in office, a letter of Major
Anderson, commanding at fort bumpier,
written oo tbe 28th of February, aod received
at tbe War Department on tbu4lh of March,
was, by tbat Department, placed in bis bands.
Tbis letter expressed tbe professional opinion
of tbe writer tbat reinforcements could not
be tbrowo into tbat fort, witbin tbe time for
bis relief rendered necessary hy tbe limited
supply of provisions, and with a view of bold
ing possession of the same, with a force of
less than 20,000 good aod well-disciphued
men. This opinion was concurred in by all
tbe officers of bis command ; aud tbeir memo
randa oo tbe subject were made enclosures of
Maior Andersons letter. 1 be wtiola was
no
' troops to tbe cause of tbe Union. Tbe Bor
! der Slates, so called, were not uniform jo tbeir
action, some of Mietu being almost unanimous
for the Union, while in others, as Virginia and
North Carolina, Tenneeee and Arkansas, the
Uoioo sentiment was nearly repressed and si
lenced. The course taken iu Virginia was
tbe most remarkable, perhaps the most impor
tant. A convention elected by tbe people of
that State to cousider this very question of
disrupting tbe federal Luinn was io session
at tbe capital of Virginia when Fort Sumter
fell. To this body tbe people had chosen a
large majority of professed Union men. Al
most immediately after tbe fall of Sumter
many members ol that majority went over to
tbe original disunion minority, and with them
adopted the ordinance for withdrawing the
State from tbe Union. Whether tbis change
was wrought by tbeir great approval of tbe as
sault upon Suuiter, or tbe trreat resentment
at tbe Governments resistance to tbat as
sault, is not detinitely known. Although tbey
submitted tue ordinance for ratiucalioo to a
! vote of tbe people, to be taken on a day then
I somewhat more than a month distant, tbe
Convention aod tbe Legislature, wbicb was in
do
do
do
do
800 ; 18tb
1000; 22d
840 ; 2 '.Uh
800; 7Dlh
do
do
do
do
10G0 ; 9th do 770 ;
2d Rhode Island
of
Trie Uundrkd Dollar Uot'MTT. It may
not be generally known tbat those of our vol
nnteers wbo enter tbe service for three years,
will be entitled, at tbe termination of tbeir
very large assortment of Skeleton Skirts Urm of 0i8lmeot to a bounty of one bun
from seven boons UD to thirty.
Oct. 6, I860. FR1UNO & GRANT,
KeroHeiie Lamps.
yi VERY LARGE and cheap assortment will
be found at the Mammoth Store or
Dec 15, I8b. FRILINU & GRANT.
O! YE LOVER8 Or SOUP I A Iresn
aupply of Macaroni anal Confectionery at
FRILINU & GRANT'S.
II
Sunbury, June 3, I860.
IT is important to the i. A DIES to know that
Filling & Grant, have me oesi ami largest
assortment of Dress Goods in the county.
Sunbury, June 8, I860.
A FRESH SUPPLY OF DRUGS at the
Mammoth Store. Also, anew lot of per
fumery, Soaps and Fancy A rticle. Very cheap
FRILINU & UKAK i .
8unbury, May tS, I860.
JATENT BR1TTANIA STOPPERS fo
bar bottles lor aaie ly
H. B MASSER.
dred dollars. Io General order number fif
teen, issued by tbe War department May 4th
the ract is distinctly set fortb. Ibe order
provides that "every volunteer non commis
siooed officer, private, musician and artificer,
wbo enters tbe service cf tbe L uitea b tales
under tbis plan, shall be paid at the rate of
nity cents; ana ir a cavalry volunteer,
tweuty-five cents additional in lieu of forage,
for every twenty miles travel from bis borne
to tbe place or muster tbe distance to be
measured by tbe shortest usually traveled
route aod when bonoraoiy discharged, an
allowance, at the same rate from tbe place of
discbarge to bis borne, aod, io addition
thereto, tbe sum of one Buoareo dollars.
Any volunteer wbo my be received Into tbe
service of tbe United States nnder tbis plan,
aod wbo may be wounded or otherwise diss-
For the Sunbury Ameiican.)
Camp, mkar Downsvili.r, Mo.,)
Sunday, J uue 30, 1801. j
Dear Wilvert: We are again ordered to
march. Of our destination we are perfectly
ignorant, but it is supposed we will go into
irgioia, below Marliusburg, wben tbe.nun;
of the Eleventh Regiment will be tiied. It
seems tbere is to be a battle at Manassas
Gap, and tbe rebels, if victorious there, will
then proceed against Washington city ; io
the meantime tbey keep a considerable force
on tbe Virginia side of the Potomac to
impede tbe progress of Geoeral Patterson's
Division, to make a more sure victory at tbe
Gap. In this 1 tbiuk tbey will be mistaken,
for Gen. Patterson, under tbe direction of
the brave old Scott, will push his men
through to aid tbe main army, whatever may
oppose, and then tbey tbey (tbe rebels) will
say, as tbe coon did to Capt. Scott, "don't
sboot, 1 II knock under. Our boys are in
good health and io fine spiiits tbe prospect
or a tight makes them quite hilarious, aud l
bave oo doubt if they meet tbe enemy you
will bear such ao account of them that tbeir
friends at borne will not be ashamed to listen
to. I don't say tbis for tbeui in tbe style of
a bragadocio, but in trutb, for 1 bave koowo
them twice to be ordered to march, when
tbere wos every appearance of a fight, when
not a cheek blanched, and every man seemed
eager for tbe fray.
On our march from llagerstown, yesterdsy,
we met ao officer of the 23 J Pennsylvania
Regiment, oo the aide of the road, who bad
in bis possession a military cap with the let
ters o. li. lueauregard Kinas) oo the iront
of it. A part of their Regiment, tbe day
before, were over tbe river oo a scout; tbey
met some rebels, bad a brush with tbem
made tbem retreat, and brought tbe cap to
tbeir regiment as a topby. Tbe officer, wbo
held the cap so that we eooid an sea iv as we
pasted, seemed very prood or oaving it in
bis Dosseasiou. aud looked as It he would
ratber bold somelbiog of more importance
for our luspaclioo, for instance, toe Dead ol
Jeff. Davi.
Job Smith (Bacbmao'i jour) is now tbs
proudest man to our company, xesieroay,
when ordered to mercn. joe was oeianea as
cattle guard or driver. It is ratber a tedious
Diece of work, aod on coming into mis camp
Joe was the only driver left, the rest of tbem
cava oat. and be bad driven, tne came aooui
immediately laid berore Lieut. General Scott, : "
wbo at once concurred with Major Anderson . g oiembers of tbe State not members of ei
in tb.t opiuioo. Oo reflection, however, be ther, immediately commenced acting as if the
t.,ir f,,n lim. i.nn.,,1) in wilh t h.r ofti.-era . State were already out of the Uuion. 1 hey
Ik -,a L. t. .. .nJ
or four days came reluctantly, but decidedly, j (""""J1 t" & "eJ the
to tbe same conclusion as before. He also ited Mates armory at Harpers Ferry, and
stated at tbe same lime that no sucb sufficient I J,1'8 oavy yard at Gospnrt, near Norfo.k.
15
AR Iron. Steel. Nails, Picks, Grub-Hoes aud
Mason Hammers, at low prices.
BRIGHT A BON.
Sunbury, J una ,1810.
bled io tbe service, sball ba entitled to tbe one third of tbe way by bimielf. Joe takes
benefits wbicb bave be. a or may be conferred I bis honors quite easy, aod says I oou i care
oo persons disabled in tbs service, and tne oey naa to knock onder.
. . . .. ...... I w . i:
leesl Lairs of sucb aa die or mav be Killed IB I xou most excuse tne snortoeai tui
the service, in addition to all arrears of pay 1 letter, as 1 am ordered to play tbe tatt-to, aod
and allowances, anaii receive me sua ei one Kv reauv ior our marcu tu-uitu. , a
hundred dollars." 1 o'clock sucb are tbe orders. Wben yon
next bear from me I bope 1 cso lulorm you
A Wit once asked a peasant wbat part he tbat wa "bave done tbe btale some service
performed io tbe great drama of life. "I I Yours, fraternally,
mind my own business," was tbe reply. ' II. P. W,
and at tbe eud ' pushed their military preparations vigoronBly
force wus then within the control of tbe
Government, or could be raised and brought
to the ground within tbe time wben tbe
provisions io tbe fort would be exhausted.
o a purely military point of view, tbis
reduced tbe doty of tbe Administration in the
case to the mere matter of getting the garri
son safely out of Ibe fort. It was believed,
however, that to so abandon tbat position,
onder the circumstances, would be utterly
ruinous ; that tbe oeoassity ouoer wnicu u
was to be done woold not be fully understood ;
tbat by many it would be construed as a p.rt
of a voluntary policy ; tbat at borne it would
distourage tbe friends of tbe Union, embolden
its adversaries, and go lur to insure tbe letter
a recognition abroad ; tbat, In fact, it would
be our national destruction consummated.
This could not be allowed. Starvation was
not yet upon tbe garrison, and ere it would
be reached Fort Pickens migbt be reinforced.
This last would be a clear indication of policy,
and would better enable the country to accept
tbe evacuatiou of Fort Sumpler as a military
oecessit. Ao order was at once directed to
be sent for the landing of tbe troops from tbe
steamship Brooklyn into fort PickeDS.
This order could not go by lauc, out must
take the louger aod slower route by sea.
Tbe first return news from tbe order was
received just one week before the Tall of fori
Sumpter. Tbe news itself wss tbat tbe
officercommandiog tbe Sabine, to wbicb ves
sel tbe troops bad beeo transferred from tbs
Brooklyn, acting upon some rytott armistice
of tbe late Administration, aod of tbe exis
tence of wbich tbe preseot Administration,
up to tbe time the order was despatched, bud
only too vague aod uocertaiu rumors to fix
atleotion, bad refused to laud tba troops
To now reinforce Fort Pickeus before a crisis
woold be reached at Fort Sumpter was im
possible, rendered so by tbe near exhaustion
of provisions io tbe latter named fort.
Io such a conjuncture tbe Government bad
few days belere commenced piaparing ao
expedition, as well adapted as migbt be, to
relieve Fort Sumpter, wbicb expedition was
intended to be ultimately used or not, accord
ing to circumstances. Tbe strongest antici
pated ease for using it was now presented,
and it was resolved le tend it forward, at bad
beeo iuteaded io tbis contingency. It wss
also resolved to notify' tba Government of
Soutb Carolina tbat if tba attempt should
not be resisted there would be oo effort to
throw bit men, arms, or ammauition without
further notice, or in case of ao attack open
tbe fort. This nolica was accordingly giveu,
whereupon the fort was attacked and bom
barded to its fall, without even awaiting tbe
arrival of the previsiooipg expedition, it is
thus seen that the assault apom ana tbu
They received, perhaps invited, into thei
State large bodies of troops, with their war
like appointments, frnm tbe so-called seceded
States. 1 hey formally entered into a treaty
of temporary u'.liance and cooperation with
tbe so railed Confederate States, and sent
members to tbeir Congress at Montgomery,
and finally, tbey permuted tbe insurrection
ry Government to be transferred to tbeir cap
ital at Richmond
The people of Virginia bavn thus allowed
tbis giuct insurrection to make its nest with
in her bordeis, aud this Goverunient bas co
choice left but to deal with it wbere it finds
it, and it has the less regret as the loyal citi
zens bave, io due form, claimed its protectisn
These loyal citizens this Goveromeet is bound
to recogoize aud protect as being irgiuia
Id the Border States so called, in fact, tbe
Middle Stales tbere are tbose wbo favor what
tl'.ey call an armed neutrality ; that is an arm
ing of those States to prevent tbe Union for
ces from passing one way or the Disunion the
other, over their soil. This would be Disun
ion completed, figuratively speaking. It
would be tbe buildiug of ao impassable wall
along tbe line of separation, and yet not quite
an impassable one, for onder tbe guise ol neu
trality it would tie tbe hands of the Union
men. and freely pass supplies from among them
to the insurrectionists, wbicb it could not do
as au open enemy. At a stroke it woold
take all tba trouble off the bands of secession,
except only what proceeds from tbe external
blockade. It would do for the Disunionists
tbat wbicb. of all things, tbey most desire
feed Ibem well, and give tbem disunion with
out a struggle of tbeir own. It recognizes
uo fidelity to the Coustition, no obligation to
maintain tbe Union : and. while msoy who
bave favored It are doubtless loyal, it is nev
ertheless very Injurious in eaect.
Recurring to tbe action of the Government,
it may be stated tbat at first a call was made
for seventy-five thousand militia, aud rapidly
following tbis a proclamation was issued for
closing the ports or the insurrectionary cub
tricts, by proceedings in the nature of a block
Sooo after tbe first call for militia, it wst
considered duty to authorise tbe Command
ing General In proper causes, according to
bis discretion, to suspend tbe privilege or tbe
writs of habeas corpus, or, io other words, to
arrest aod detain, without resort to tbe ordi
nary processes and forms of law, sucb
individuals as ba might deem dangeroos to
tbe publio safety. Tbis authority bas pur
posely beeo exercises but very sparingly.
Nevertheless, the legality and propriety of
wbat bas beeo done under It are questioned,
and tbe attention of tbe country bas beeo
called to tbe proposition that one who is
sworn to take care that tbe laws be faithfully
executed should not himself violate them.
Ol course some consideration was given to
the questions of power and propriety, before
ibis matter was acted on.
Tbe whole of the laws which were required
to be faithfully executed were being resisted,
and failing of execution in nearly one third of
tbe Slates. Must tbey be allowed to finally
tail of execution, even bad it been perfectly
clear tbat, by the use of the means necessary
to ibeir execution, some siogie law, made in
such extreme tenderness of the citizens liber-
ty that, practically, it relieves more of the
guilty than of the innocent, should, to a very
limited extent, be violated.
To state the question more directly, are all
tbe laws but one to go unexecuted, and tbe
Govercment itself go to pieces lest tbat one
be violated f Even io each a case, would not
the official oath be broken if the Government
should be overthrown, when it was believed
disregarding the single law would teod to
preserve it? But it was not believed tbat
tbis question was presented. It was not
believed tbat any law was violated. The
provision or tbe Constitution, that tbe privi
lege of the writ of habeas corpus sball not be
suspended unless wben, in case of rebellion
or invasion, the public safety may require it,
is equivalent to a provision tbat sucb privi
lege may be suspended when, io cases of
rebellion or invasion, the publio safety does
require it. It was decided that we bave a
case of rebellion, and tbat tbe public safety
does require tbe qualified suspension of tbe
privilege of the writ which was authorized to
be made.
Now it is insisted that Congress and not
the Executive, is vested wilh this power,
But tbe Constitution itself is silent as to
wbicb or to wbo is ta exercise tbe power, aod
as tbe provision was plainly made for a dan
gerous emergency, it cannot be believed tbat
tbe framers of the instrument intended that
io every case tbe danger should run its
course.
Cougress could be called together, tb
very assembling of wbich miht be prevented,
as was intended In this case by tbe rebellion.
ISO more extended argument is now offered,
as an opinion at some length will probably
be presented by tbe Attorney General
whether there sball be any legislation upon
tbo subject, and if any, what it is, submitted
entirely to the better judgment of Congress
1 he lorbenrence or this Government bad
been so extraordinary and so long continued
as to lead some foreign nation to shape
tbeir action as if tbey supposed the early
destruction of our National Union was prou
able. Wbilo this, on discovery, cave tbe
Executive some concern, he is now happy to
Bay that the Sovereignty aud rights of tbe
L nited btaten are now everywhere principally
respected by foreign Powers, and a general
sympathy with the country is manifested
throughout tbe world.
1 be reports of the Secretaries of tbe
Treasury, War, and Navy, will give the infor
mation in detail deemed necessary and con
venient for your deliberation and action,
while the Executive aod all the departments
will stand ready to supply omissions, or to
communicate new facts considered important
lor you to Enow.
it is now recommended that yoa give tbe
legal means for making this contest a short
and decisive one; tbat yoa place at the
control of the Government, for the work, at
least 400.000 men and $400,000,000. Tbat
number of men is about one tenth of those of
proper ages witbin tbe regions where nrfmr-
ently all are willing to engage, and the Bum
is less than a twenty-third part of tbe mouey
value owued by tbe tueu who seem ready to
devote tbe whole.
A debt of SOL'0,000,000 now is a less sum
per bead tban was the debt of our own Rev
olution, wben we came out of tbat struggle ;
aod tbe mouey value in tbe country uow
bears even a greater proportion to what it
was then than does tbe population. Surely
eacb man bas as strong a motive now to
preserve our liberties as each bad then to
establish tbem.
A right result at tbis time will be worth
more to tbe world tban ten times tbe men
and ten times the mouey. Tbe evidence
reaching us from tbe country leaves no doubt
that the material for tbe work is abundant,
and that it needs only tbe baud of legislation
to give it legal sanction, aud tbe band of the
Executive to give it a practical shape and
efficiency. One of tbe greatest perplexities
of tbe Government is to avoia receiving
troops faster tban providing for them. In a
word, the people will save tbe Goverument if
the Government itself will do its part only
indifierently well.
It migbt seem, at first tboogbt, to be of
little ditlereoce whether the present move
ment at tbe South be called secession or
rebellion. Tbe movers, however, well under
stand tbe difference. At the beginning tbey
knew tbey could never raise tbeir treason to
any respectable tnugnitue by any name which
implies violation of law. They knew tbeir
people possessed os much of moral sense, as
much ot devotion to law and order, aod us
much pride in, aud reverence fur, tbe history
and Government of tbeir common country as
ny other civilized and patriotic people.
Tbey knew tbey could make oo advancement
directly in tbe leetb of these strong aod
noble sentiments. Accordingly tbey com
menced by an iusidious debauching of the
public mind. Tbey invented an ingeuius
sophism which, if conceded, was followed by
perfectly logical steps through all the inci
dents to the complete destruction of the
Uuion.
Tbe sophism itself is that any Stats of tbe
Uuion may consistently witb the Natioual
Constitution, aud therefore lawfully and
peacefully, withdraw from the Union, without
the couseut of the Union or of auy other
Slate. Tbe little disguise, tbat the supposed
right is to be exercised ouly for a just cause,
because tbey themselves are to be tbe sole
bj v ail uwvLUlUbS St. auw uta.u w. mm vivv . ...
ade. So far. this was believed to be strictly JuuKea oi it. justice, is tuv tutu tu merit su,
leral. uullce-
At this point, tbe insurrectionists announced Witb rebellion tbut sugar coated, tbey
their purpose to enter upon the practice of bave been drugging tbe public mind of their
privateering. Other calls wera made for vol- seciion for more than thirty years, and until
uuteen to serve three years, unless sooner at leogtb they bave brought many good men
discharged, aud also Tor large additions to tbe to a witliogoess to take up arms against the
rppuUr itmi and raw. Thdaa measures Government the dav after tome assemblage
whether strictly legal or not, were ventured of men bare enacted tbe far c dal pretence of
niinn under wbat annearerl ta ba a nnnular I laainar ineir oiate out Ol tue uuiun, wuu
demand aod public necessity, trusting, then,
as now, that Congress would readily ratify
tbem. It is believed that nothing bas been
done beyond the constitutional compelubvy
ot L jugress.
could bave been brought to no such thing tbe
day before.
This sophism derives much, perhaps the
whole of its currency, from the assumption
that tbsre is some omnipotent and sacred
sopremsey pertaining to a Stats, to each
State of oar Federal Union. Oar States
h.ve onitber more nor less power tban tbat
reserved to them In tbe Union by tbe Con
siitotioo. no one or them ever having beeo a
State out of tbe Union. The original ones
passed into the Union even before they cast
off their British colonial dependence, and the
new ones each ctme into the Union directly
Into tbe Union directly from a condition of
depeodencn, excepting Texas J and even
Texas, In its temporary independence, was
never designated a State. Ibe new ones
only took tbe designation of Slates oo coming
into tbe Union ; while that name was first
adopted for the old ones In and by the
Declaration of Independence. Therein tbe
United Colonies were declared to be free and
independent States.
But even then tbe object plainly was not lode,
clare (heir independence of one another, or of the
Union, but directly the contrary, as their mutual
pledge and then mutual action, before, at the
lime, and afterwards, abundantly .how. The ex.
press plighting ol faith, by e.cb and all the origi
nal thirteen, in th. Articles of Confederation
two year, later, that "tbe Union shall be perpe
tual," i. most conclusive. Having never been
States, either in aubstance er name outside of
the Union, whence this magical omnipotence of
State Rights asserting a claim of power to law
fully destroy the Union itsein Much is said
about the sovereignty of the State., but the
word even, i. not in the National Constitution,
nor, as is believed, in any of the State Constitu
tions. What a. a sovereignty, in tte political
sense of the term I Would it be far wrong to de
fine it ' a political community without a political
superior 1" Tested by this, no one of our State,
except Texas ever was a sovereignty, and even
I exas gave up the character on coming into the
Union, by which act she acknowledged the Con
stitution of the United States, and the lawa and
treaties ol the United States, made in pursuance
of the Constitution, to be for hei the supreme
law of the land. Tbe State, bave their statu, in
the Union, and they have no other legal statu..
If they break from this, they can only do so
against law, and by revolution. The Union, and
not themselves separated, procured their inde
pendence and their liberty. By conquest or
purchase, tue Union gave each ol them whatever
of independence and liberty it has. The f '
is older than any of the State., and in f
created them as Stale.. Originally, sop
pendent colonies mailo the Union, and, i
the Uuion threw off their old dependence I
and made them States, such as they are.
of tbem ever had a State Constitution i'
ent of the Union.
Of course, it is not forgotten that all '
Slate framed their Constitution before, t,
tered the Union ; nevertheless dependen'
and preparatory to coming into the Unior
Unquestionably, tbe State, have the :
and rights reserved to them in and by
lional Constitution , but among these, surely, are
not included all conceivable power., however mi.
chievious or destructive, but at most, such only
as are known iu tbe woild at the time as govern
mental powers, and certainly a power to destroy
the Government itsell bad never known as govern'
mental a mere administrative power.
This relative matter of national power and
State rights as a principle is no other than the
principle of generality and locality.
Whatever concerns the whole should be con
fided to the whole to the General Government i
while whatever concern, ouly the State should
be left exclusively to tbs State. This is all there
i. of onginul principle about it. Whether the
National Constitution, in defining boundaries be
tween the two, bas applied the principle with
exact accuracy, is not to be questioned. We are
also bound by thai defining, without question.
What is now combatted is the position that se
cession is consistant with tbe Constitution, i.
lawful and peaceful. It is not contended that
there is any express law fur it, and nothing should
ever be implied as law which leads to unjust or
absurd consequences.
The nation purchased with money the conn
trie, out ol which several of these State, were
formed. Is it just that they thai I go off without
leave and without reluuding I The nation paid
very large sums in the aggregate, I believe, of a
hundred millions to relieve Florida of the abo
riginal tribes. Is it unjust that she shall now go
oil' without consent or without making any re
turn The nation is now in debitor money ap
plied for the benefit of llieo i-o culled seceded
States iu common with the rest. Is it just either
that creditors shall go unpaid, or tho remaining
Slates pay the whole 1 Purl of the present na
tional debt was contracted to pay the olJ debts of
Texas. Is it just that she shall leave and pay
no part of this herself 1
Again, if one State msy secede, so may
another, aod wben all sball bave seceded,
none left to pay tbe debts. Is tbis quite just
to creditors? Did we notify tbem of tbit
sage view of ours when we borrowed tbeir
money ? If we now recogoize tbis doctrine
by allowing tbe Seceders to go io peace, it it
difficult to see what we can do if olbers
choose to go, or to extort terms upon which
they will promise to remoin.
Tbe Seceders insist that our Constitution
admits of secession. Tbey bave assumed to
make a natioual constitution of their owu,
wbich of necessity tbey bave either discarded
or retained tbe right of secession as tbey
insist it exists in ours. If tbey bave discard
ed it, tbey thereby admit tbat oo principle it
ought not to be io oars. If tbey have retain
ed by their own construction of ours, tbey
sbow that to be cousisteot they must secede
from one another whenever they shall bud it
tbe easiest way of settling tbeir debts, or
effecting any other selfish or unjust object.
Tbe principle itself is one of disintegration,
and upon which ou Uoveruaieut can possibly
eudure.
If all the States save one should assert tbo
power to drive that oue out of tbe Union, it
is presumed tba whole class of seceder poli
ticians would at olcs deny tbe power, and
denouuee the act as the greatest outrage
upuu State rights. But eoppose that pre
cisely the same act instead of being called
driviug tbe one out, rhould be called tba
seceding of the others from that one, it would
be exactly wbut the seceders claim to do,
unless, indeed, they make the point tbat the
one, because it is a minority, may rightfully
do. These politicians are subtle aud profound
on the right of minorities ; tbey are not par.
tial to that power which made tbe Constitu
tion, and speaks from the preamble, calling
itself " The People." It may well be ques
tioned whether there is to-day a majority of
the legally qualified voters of auy Slate
except, perhaps, Soulb Carolina, io favor of
disunion. There is much reason to balieve
that the Uoioo men are tbe majority in many,
if not in every other oue, of the so-called
seceded States. As tbe contrary bas out
been demonstrated io any one of tbem, it is
ventured to affirm this, even of Virginia aod
Tennessee, for tba result of an election held
in military camps, wbere tbe bayonets wera
all ou one side of the question, voted upon,
can scarcely be considered as a demonstration
of popular sentiment. At such an electiou
all tbat large class wbo are not at eora for
the Union and against coercion would bt
coerced to vote against the Union.
It may be affirmed, without extravagance,
that tb free institutions we enjoy bave
developed the power aud im pro ted the ctod.
tion of our whole people, bsjoud suy rxampie
J
I,
t
i