NEW SERIES, VOL. 1 U NO. 6.
SUNBURY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, PA -SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1861.
OLD SERIES, VOL. 21, NO 31
The Sunbury American.
rUBLUnSD IVKRT SATURDAY
BY II.B.MASSER,
Marlttt Square, Sunbury, Fenna.
TERMS or 8 V Br C R I P T I O N .
TWO OOI.I.AH rr sanam lo M paid hutf year
, in advanca. Nurr discontinued nutil all arrearages
.,.p.,d. TO OLXJBB I
Three Copies to om address ,!!!!
do. l. '" 2
r.ftren do. ' "
Five dollars 1" WlH PT f" ' '' ",b"
Ariipiion to the American. . , .
.Llms.lers will pl" set"" A gents, and frank
l-tiers containing slipt mmey. t Uy are permit
led lo do Ihis under the 1'iort Omce l.aw.
T K II M OF A l V E R Till f Hi
,,!.piare.if ISIinre'3 timet, j
Every sulenneut insertion, .
mr uare, 1 month., . . im
fil motithe, film
llm-rear, S,
llnxn-M Curd, Five lines, per "nlinm, m
iierrhants .ml others, advertise by the T'
with the PTlTilnr "f if difft rntdv-
titemanla weekly.
OT target Advertisements, per agreement.
JOB PHIHTINO.
We have connected with "ur establishment well se
lected JdH OFFICE, which will enable tn execute
in Hie neatest style, every vauctv of printing,
H. B. MASSES.,
attokney at law,
ICNBUBT, PA.
Business attended to in the Counties of Nor
amnherlamt, Union, Lycoming Montour nd
Columbia.
Reference! in Philadelphia:
Hon. Jot- R.Tvson, Chaa. Oil'"ni. Esq..
onicrs Sii'Mlgrass, Linn Prmth Co
CHARLES MATTHEWS
3, 1 1 o r n c d a t a w ,
Jto. US nroadwRjr. Kcw York.
Will mrefutlv attend tu Collection. nd ill other matter"
jutni'ted to foe cure.
Mnv.il. IK.
FRANKLIN HOUSE,
nr.ni'ii.T and refurnished,
Cor. if Howard and Franklin Streets, a fete
Square Wot of the X. C. li. J!. Depot,
BALTIMORE
rr)M, f 1 rr.n Dat
(V. LEISENRLNO, Proprietor,
July 18, I'S'.t If From Melius Grove, I'n.
WILLI C. snMy.HS rilALKlFT wmin1
G.SOMERS& SON
Importer anil Dealers in
Cloths, Cassimeres. Vestings, Taylors
Trimmings, &c,
No 32 South Fourth Street, lietween Market and
Chesnut Streets, Pb iladelphia.
Merchants others visiting the city would find
it to their advmtnge to giv them call and ex
imine their stork.
March JO, 18B0
HARDWARE ! HARDWARE ! !
JirsT received by A. W. FISHEK, at his
Drug tlore. Sunbury, Pa.,
tsrOOPS. SHOVELS. FORKS. LOO.
CHAINS, MILL SAWS, CROSS
CUT SAWS.
Mv .Srr.. Ttntta. Donr Knoha. Thmnti
Latrhea.snd all hardware nere-nary forliuihling.
A apli-nilid ht of pocket and table cutlery, Scia
ora, d'lTinan feilver Spoons.
A Uri;e stock of Looking (ilaaaes, received and
for sale by A. W. FISHER.
Sunbury, July 17, IRS.
J. P. SHINDEL GOBIN,
Attorney Couiisellor at Law
8UNBUBY, FA.
WILL attend faithfully to the collection of claims
and alt professional business in tho counties of
Northumberland, Montour, Union and Snyder,
ounarl given in the Herman language.
IV Ollice om door east of the l'rothonotary's
olfn-e.
Sunbury, May 86, I860. ly
THE INTERNATIONAL HOTEL,
I'llOAHWAY, CORNER OF FRANKLIN STREET
NEW YORK OITY,
fr-ra inilurrinriils In Mrrchnilts and Tnrila vi.itiug
rw York, uiinirpasacd by any HMel m lli .Metropolis
I'he following are aiiHuig the ailvunliigft wlneh it poaae-
. ami whu-li will be appreciated by all travelers.
lit. A central locution, convenient to plces of uuanii-ss,
well as U.-ei of ainuseineiit.
l S.TUiul.iuly clean, well furui.hed iitmig Moms,
.villi a inaamnewit Indies l'ailor, coimnandlng ail exlnf
sive view f Broadway , .
3.1. Ijirijeaiid superWy funn.hed silling trmms, with.s
mnenirieiit I'arlor, oHninauding au extensive view of
"'jI'lMwing eondneted on the ruropean plan, visitors
ciiii live in tha lt style, with the greatest eeounii.y
5th. It is eolinn'ted with
Tttjlor's Celebrated Saloon,
where vi4iloi eaii have their meals, or, if they detirs
thev will I furnished in their own rooms.
ih. The fare served III the alinaaiid Hotel is ac
knowlnltnt by epicniea. to be vastly superior to tliat of
any lier Hotel iu the eily.
With all ihe.e advanwges, the eost of living in the
International, is much below lhai of any other Srst etnas
H.atrl. til WOS ACL), Proprietors.
Augu.t , tMW. ly
SI'Al.DINIiH Prepared Glue, and Shelleys Muciluge
Prii' per Uiltle and hrn.h 115 ceuu.
' Cor.liul Elixir of Cuhaaya Uurk . Benzine, for removing
g i ease.
FOR S U.E AT THIS OFFICE.
Sunbury, March 17 IboU
, NEW LOT OF HARDWARE &
BAD-
DI.ERV. Also, the best assortment of Iron
Nails and Steel to be found in the county, at the
Mammoth store of FR1LINU & OR ANT.
Sunbury, June 2, I860.
SKELETON SKIRTS.
AT the Mammoth Store will be found a
very large assortment of Skeleton Skirts
from geveo hoops np to thirty.
Oct. 0, IHGO. FAILING & GRANT.
Keroiteite Lamp.
A VERY LARGE and cheap assortment will
be found at the Mammoth Store of
Dec. IS, 186t. FRIL1NU & GRANT.
II
O' YE LOVERS OF SOUP! Afresh
supply of Macaroni and Confectionery at
g nii.uu wl unan s o.
Sunbury, June 3, I860.
IT is important lo the LADIES to know that
F riling at Grant, have the best and largest
assortment of Drcsa Goods in the county.
Sunbury, June 3, I860.
tFRF.SH SUPPLY OF DRUGS at the
Mammoth Store. Also, anew lot of per
fumery, Soaps and Fancy A rtiele. Very cheap.
f RILING b GRANT.
Sunbury, May 16, I860.
PATENT BRITTANIA STOPPERS fo
bar bottles for aala by
H. B MAS8ER.
BAR Iron, Steel, Nails, Picks, Grub-Hoes and
Mason Hammer, at low prices.
BRIGHT & SON.
Sudbury, June II, IMO.
GOD SAVE OUR NOBLE UNION".
It came to oi through darkneat
It cam to uii through blood ; . ,
It shone out like the "Protnias)
OrOod" upon the flood.
A beacon it bag served ns
With true, unerring flame,
Aod cast blaze of glory
Upoo oar nation's name!
Uod save our noble Union !
'Twai left us by our fathers,
Those souls of priceless worth
The noblest types of manhood
That ever walked the earth.
'Twas bought with fearful struggles,
By sacrifice sublime.
And stands proud memento
For all coining time
God save our noble Union I
Onr land a waste of nature,
Where beast and savage strayed ;
Its wealth ef lakes and rivers
Unlocked by keys of trade.
Then sanlike rose the Ihiion
A terror to our foes
Andlol this "waste of nature"
Now "blossoms as the rose!"
Uod save our noble Union !
Where earth lay bid for ages
In deep, primeval gloom,
Behold a boundless garden
A continent in bloom !
With iron bands of railroads,
Klectric tongues of wire,
And energies within us
Which time shall never tire
Uod save our noble Union !
But now upon our heaven
Are signs ofcoming storms ;
And dark, unholy passion
Unfold their hideous forms.
The bravest hearts among us
Are filled with doubt and fear !
While sounds of horrid discord
Are grating on our ear
Uod save our noble Uoion !
The Sag that bore us
So proudly through the wars
Is there a hand would sever
1 ts sisterhood of stars ?
Great God ! can we so blindly
Caxt all Tby gifts away T
Or throps there iu this nation
One heart that will not pray
God save our uoble Uoion
Tisccllancous.
The Late t)Bti6of Kent-The Hoyal
Family of England.
The death of the Duchess of Kent, mother
of Queeu Victoria, will place the courts of
England, Belgium, l'russia, Saze Uoburgand
numerous others iu mourning. The death of
this ludy recalls to memory some or the lead
ing facts in the history of the roal family of
Koglaod.
Old King George the Third bad fifteen
soni and daughter, and yet in 1818, after
the death of the Princess Charlotte, there
were fears that there would be no lineal de
cendants of bis to wear the crown. Only three
of his boos were then married. The 1'rince
Ufgenthad lost his only child, and was sepa
rated from his wife. The Duke ol York was
separated from his Duchess, the Duke of Corn
berland was divorced and widowed, and the
marriegaof the Duke of Sussex, being with
out the royal asst-nt, availed nothing for the
succession. Su there was baste made to
marry the other surviving royal children, none
of wbim were yonrjg. It was even thought
desirable to get a bobaod for the trinces3
Klizabelb, who was forty eight years old, sod
she was married to the l'riuce of Hesse
Mom burg. The Duke of Clarence (late Wil
liam 1 V.) married the Princess Adelaide of
Saie-Meiniogen, who bore him no children.
The Duke of Cambridge married the Pricoess
Auifu8ta of Hesse, who is still living, and
has three children. The Duke of Kent, who
was older thun the Duke of Cambridge, mar
ried the lady whose death is just announced.
None of the royal marriages thus arranged
pleased the Kuglisb people, except that of the
Duke of Kent. The lady selected for him
was the daughter of the Duke of Saxe-Co-bourg,
widow of the IUioceof Leiningeo, and
sister of l'riuce Leopold, the husband of the
lamented Princess Charlotte, now King of
the Belgians. Bat the married life of the
new Duchess was but short ; fur in less than
two years the Duke of Keot died, and she
was again a widow with oue child the Prin
cess (oow Queen) Victoria. At that time
the aceessiou of this little child to the British
throne seemed bat a remote contingency.
George 111. outlived bis son, the Prioce of
Wales, while George IV. and William IV.,
his other sons, who reigned after Dim, bolb
died without issue ; thus, the issue of the
next brother, the deceased Duke of Keot.
became beir to the British throne. As soon
as this contingency gradually resolved itself
into a probability and then a certuinty, the
Ducbees of Keut devoted her time to fitting
ber daughter for the bigh station she was
called upon to occupy. Mental and personul
accomplishments were carefully attended, as
well as physical requirements. The daughter
throve under sucb judicious treatment, and
the mother bad the satisfaction of attending
the corooatioo aud tbe marriage of ber child,
of seeing ber tbe mother of large family,
and of knowing that ber throne was built
upon the hearts of ber subjects.
It may be added that this is the first seri
ous bereavement Queen Victoria bas ever
experienced. Her lather died before she was
old enough to know bim, end she bas never
lost child. oAo only child herself, she bad
never a brother or sister to lose or oioaro for,
and thus tbe present bereavement must be
peculiarly afflicting to her.
Oo the accessioo of Queen Victoria to tbe
throne, tbe Duchess of Keot voluntarily as
sumed the demeanor of a subject of bar own
J l-. LJ L J .
uBugumr. a um uiaus it a rule never to enter
tha royal presence without a gammons, so
that ml every meal it became necessary to
seod special messenger to command ber at
tendance at table ; and abe never would talk
on affairs of State. Some may think this
pretty stin lor mother ; and so it was ; yet
there was even the warmest attachment be
tween ber and ber child. When in London,
the Queen scarcely passed day without
going lo visit ber ; and tbe Duebasg was ns
frequently at the palace. Tbe latter was
great reader, and averse to everything in tbe
bape of ostentation. She was of a charitable
disposition, but ber means were limited, for
sbe strove to pay oft ber husband's debts
Her Majesty, however, toon after ber acces
sion, discharged that pious office, and notified
it to tbe Duchess (who bad baso previously
ignorant of her intention,) by placing packet
of receipU on ber plate one morning at
breakfast. I hesc prov t ;e receipt, roi
all tbe debts of the Puke.
A Thrilling Soene.
Capt. Warren, In his report to lb British
Amiralty, relates tbe following : "la tbe
month of Augost, 1775, I was sailing about
77 degrees north latitude, when one morning,
bout a mile from my vessel, I saw tbe sea
entirely blocked op by ice. Nothing eould
be seen as far as the eye could , reach but
mountains and ' peaks covered with snow.
Tbe wiod soon fell to calm, and I remained
for two days in tbe constant expectation of
being crushed by that frightful mass of ics
which tbe slightest wind could force opoo ns.
We bad passed the second day in such ami
eties. when about roidnjgbt the wind got op,
and we Immediately beard crackling of ice,
which broke and tossed about with a noise
resembling thunder. That was a terrible
night for us ; but by the morning the wind
having become by degrees loss violent, we
saw the bsrrier of ice which was before os
entirely broken op, and a large channel ex
tending eat of sight between its two sides.
Tbe sun now shooe out, and we sailed away
from tbe northward before a slight breeie.
Suddenly, when looking at tbe sides of the
channel, we saw the masts of a ship ; but
wbat waB still more surprising to us was the
singular manner in which its sails were
placed, and the dismantled appearance of its
spars aud manoovres.
''It continued to sail oo for some time,
then stopping at a block of ice, it remained
motionless. I could not tbeo resist my feel
ings of curiositv. I got into my gig with
some of my sailors, and went towards Ibis
strange vessel.
"We saw, as we drew near, that it was
very much damaged by the ice. Not a man
was to be seon on deck, which was covered
with snow. We shouted, bnt no one replied.
Before getting op tbe side, 1 looked through
a port-hole, which was open, and saw man
seated before a table, upon which were all
tbe necessary materials for wtiting. Arrived
on the deck, we opened the hatchway, and
went down into the cabin; there we found
the ship's clerk seated as we had before seen
bim through tbe port-hole. But wbat were
our terror aod astonishment when we saw
that it was a corpse, and that a green damp
mould covered bis cheeks and forehead, and
hong over bis eyes, which were open !
"lie bad a pen in bis band, and the ship's
log lay before bim. The last lines be bad
written were as follows :
"'11th November, 17C2.
" 'It is now seventeen days since we were
shut up in the Ice. Tbe fire went out jester,
day, and our captain bas since tried to light
it agaio, but witboot success. His wife died
this morning. There is no more hope '
"My sailors kept aloof in alarm from this
dead body, which seemed still living. We
entered together in the stato-room, aod the
first object which attracked os was tbe body
or a woman luid on a bed, in an attitude of
great and perplexed attention. One would
have said, from the freshness of her features,
that sbe was still in life, bad not the contrac
tion of her limbs told os that she was dead.
Before ber was a young man seated oo the
floor, holding a sleel in one band and a flint
in tbe other, and having before bim several
pieces of German tinder. We passed on to
tbe fore-cabin, and found there several
sailors laid in their hammocks, and a dog
stretched out at tbe foot of the ladder. It
was in vain that we sought for provisions and
firewood ; we discovered nothing. Then my
sailors began to say that it was ao enchanted
ship; aod tbey declared their intention of
remaloing but a very short time longor on
board. We then, after having taken the
ship's log, set out for oar vessel, stricken
with terror at the thought of tbe fatal in-j
stance we bad just seen of the peril of polar i
navigation in so high a degree of north lati
tude. Oo my return, I found, by comparing i
the documents which I had in my possession, J
that tbe vessel bad been missing thirteen t
years.
. . -i.
A Work or Warning. Id a sermon deliv
ered at Charleston, by Itev. C. C. Pinckney,
and just published by request, with the sug
gestive title of "Nebuchadnezzar's Fault aod
Fall," this striking passage occurs ;
"Let us not rest oar hopes npon the identi
ty of institutions in the .Southern States.
Slavery is itself no bond of Union. It bas
become so with os. simply as tbe result of
ootside pressure. The Chaldean monarchy,
tbe Komao empire, the Greek republics, the
South American States, wore all alavebolding
coo u tries. But they have all fallen to pieces
notwithstanding. Of itself, it is a mere rope
of sand, with oo more power, politically, than
any other recognized relationship. Let us
not repose oo our agricultural staples. Cot
ton is the king whom commerce now worships.
But its reign may pass away like other hu
man sdeptres. It is not now more firmly es
tablished in its supremacy than Nebuchad
nezzar was in bis. Suddenly as tbe ancient
monarch was hurled from his seat tbe domi
nant staple may be from its commercial
throne. Sixty or seveuty years ago iudigo
was the produce of Southern fields, aod eottoo
wus scarcely known. Seventy years bence
some other culture may supplaDt this as it
has supplanted tbe former production, and
more remunerative labor may fill its place.
1'bese are tbe two human props npon wbicb
the Southern mind is now tempted to lean,
instead of upon tbe eternal God. They are
the arches upon wbicb pride is resting our
political bouse. But they will fink beneath
tbe superincumbent weight, like tbe arches
in the walls of Babylon.
Tn it Damaged Mail Baos. We bave
some further particulars relative to tbe
damage done to the mails by tbe accident on
tbe Pennsylvania railroad last week. Tbe
chief mails for Pittsburg were found to be
safe having been packed where tbe .fire did
not reach them. I be mail matter irom .Naw
York, Washington City and Philadelphia
was uninjured. 1 be Baltimore bag eould
not be found. The way mail between Phils-
not be I
delpuia
and Harrisburg, was damaged so
tbat but few of the letters could be recogni
zed. Some of the letters, containing enclo
sures, were balf burned. The Allegheny
Valley Route Ageot bag, from Harnsbuig
was badly damaged. Tbe Altoooa mail bag
bad a bole burned in it, but tbe mail was
tittle injured, tbe package being safe. A
large quantity, two or three bushels, from
poiots east of Altoooa, many or mem nair
boroed, were sorted out, aod those at all
legible were sent to their destination, bat
many of tbem were so defaced by fir and
water tbat their address coma not be made
out.
Bad roa Cleveland Whisky. In a liquor
suit recently tried in a western county ol this
State, tbe defendant's attorney urged tbat a
consignment of whisky bad been made to bis
client from Cleveland, for aale. The Judge,
in delivering the charge of the Court, remark
ed, tbat "it was notorious tbat Cleveland
whisky was bad whisky, and to deal in that
kind of article could not command the
rb-monry ef the Court." Wo take it that
tit ' M .j;uoli ' brand is below par now T
A "ChbsP Jon"" AatagritD. A man
named Parker, doing business In Tittsbarg
oo the "Cheap John" principle, wag recently
arrested for violating the law relative to
making sales by aaction. Tbe Mayor beld
him to answer, and it tbe ofleOM be proven
be will ba liable to a penalty ft $500. Tbe
"Cbeap Johns," like ,th proprietors of
"Dollar Stores," who novfinlest every town
and city In tbe State, are professional swind
lers, and people do wrong in patronizing
tbem in preference to respectable and relia
ble merchants, who pay license and do a
regular and legitimate business in tbeir owo
communities. It may truly be said of per
sons wbo ran to the "Cheap John" shops in
the bope of securing bargains, that "fools
and their money are soon parted." Harris
burg Telegraph.
Nbw Fashioned Lungs; l'Arp.R. Tbe
Postmaster-Geueral has issued orders for
a sopply of letter paper, cot, gammed and
embossed, witb a three cent postage stump,
combining in one both letter-sheet and
envelope. A sheet of this new style of
letter-paper will be about one half the size
of tbe old fashioned letter-paper, so folded
and cut as to furnish a noat and convenient
prepaid letter, of only about one-half the
weight of those now in nse witb an envelope.
Orders have also been issued for similar
sheets, letter size. Tbe use of envelopes
has often been objected to by legal gentle
men, as the post office stamp is often tbe
only cocclusive evidence of tbe time when a
letter may bave been mailed. There can be
little doubt that tbe new system will almost
entirely supercede tbe old, so far as business
letters are concerned.
A New Intention. We bave examined a
newly invented patent of Cement Koofing by
Dr. C. G. Keinhold, of this borough. It is
pronounced at Washington the best Cement
Hoofing for wbicb there bas yt been a patent
granted. It is a Cement of o solidity aud
smoothness oosorpassed by any of the patent
ed roofings we bave yet seen. It is warrant
ed to be entirely water and fire proof, and will
be worthy of tbe examination of all those de
siring to build. Wbst will give it a gret su
periority over all other patents of tbe like,
aside from its durability and protection, is its
cheapness being about tbe price of a shingle
roof. Miltoniun.
Tun Svrun Mass ac lien. Autheotic
statements show that there has been no ex
aggeration in the accoonta heretofore pub
lished respecting the massacrees committed
by tbe Druses in Syria. According to a
document prepared by tbe central committee
of assistance io London, from information
supplied by the Turks themselves, the num
ber of Christians wbo lost tbeir lives is
16,000, including woman and children. Tbe
number of woman and young; girls curried ofl
and sold to I be Turks is 3,000. The number
of Christians of all sects reduced to ruin by
these events is 70,000. One hundred and
fifty towns and villages, witb the churches,
monasteries and schools attached to tbem,
were pillaged, burnt or destroyed. The
bouses of tbe Christians destroyed at Da
mascus are not included in this retern.
Orders have been given to tbe Commis
sioners of the Land Office, and to tbe Peusion
officers, to hold oo more official correspond
ence with persons in tbe seceded Slates.
I) o 1 1 r j) .
From Mie Ccrmantuwu Trlf graph
OUR BOY.
Now lay your head close to my breast,
My wire, Elizabeth !
Our Tommy is no more distrest :
The neighbors say, Tib death :
We know the child is goue to rest
A word that comfortetb.
How often, wire ! we deemed the boy
Too early wise for earth ;
We felt he was no idle toy,
To wake a transient mirth,
Our Lord bad lent him as a joy
To sanctify our hearth.
He never psin'd oar hearts, yon know,
Except io bis bitter grief;
'Tis well the tears awbile should flow
To give tbe breast relief;
But, lest we sio in doing so.
Let sorrow.s time be briof.
Why question aught tbe Lord's decree ?
'Twere wiser to adore
The grace bid in griefs mystery
We kuew not of before.
That Tommy ic our minds shall be
Our boy forevermore.
Let oot our faith grow faict oor cold ;
God's goodoess claims our praise
That makes the cap of sorrow hold
Tbe joys of many days,
For Tommy, never growing old.
The gauie shall always be.
The child or sesree five summers, we
Shall see bim every day,
Now skipping in bis siuless glee,
Oat oo tbe lawn at play
Now, meekly bending at your knee
His evening prayer to pray.
lie stands oo tiptoe at tbe gat
Before the son goes down,
Io glad expectance went to wait
Our coming from the town ;
He runs with eager baste eluta
To catch you by tbe gown.
At table, oo bis 'custom'd chair,
Tbe while the grace is said
He shuts bis eyas with revereut air.
And gently oowg bis bead,
Ills knife, bis fork, bis napkin there
Our Tommy is not dead i
We see the cherub in tbe skies
Among tbe children stand
Near to tbe Lord, witb gracious eyes
Smile on tbe loving band ;
Our Harriet, with glad surprise,
Clasping bis tiny band.
Ere yet nineteen, oor daughter died
lo bloom of maideo grace ;
Uer brother now is by ber side
Wbo uerer saw ber face,
Till she became bis gentle guide
Around tbe heavenly place.
Wbeo on tbeir children honors fall,
Men give it prood report ;
What glory tbat tbe King should call
Our children to his court.
To stand before him in bis ball
Where heavenly ones resort !
How gently witb os God bag dealt t '
Ho deals He witb ns still t
The double sorrow we bave felt
He did not seod for ill :
Tbe finer lights tbe fire to mslt
Ths mstal to bis will.
Thomas Maellae.
J armors' jjpfjjnrimmt.
Valuable Information on Fruit
Growing. From tbe proceedings of tba lata annual
cooveotion of the Fruit-Growers' Society of
Eastern Pennsylvania, as we find them repor
ted in the Gardener' Monthly, we make tbe
following extracts, which will be found to be
highly instructive. This society, being com
posed of many of tbe most experienced fruit
growers in this important hall of of our Com
monwealth, tbe views expressed by tbem in
tbe dissossions at that convention are justly
lo consideration.
PRCNINO FRUIT TREES.
A. W. Corson cut oot only all the useless
wood for the first season, so as to give shape
to tbe tree, but would prune very little
after.
David Miller, of Chester county, lets all
kinds of fruit trees branch close to the
ground, appearing like pyramids set on tbe
surface. Tbey are set closely together, so
that tbey protect each other from son end
storms, and are enriched by tbeir owo fallen
leaves. Only cuts cut suckers. His orchards
are ten years planted, and apples produce
about fourteen bnshpls per tree. Br his
i system, bas no fear or branches breaking by
lueir own weigur., or oeing Dlowo over Dy the
wind.
A. W. Harrison, of Philadelphia, woold
never prune if be could bave tbe management
of bis tree from infaccy. Would disbub
sucb sboots with Soger and thumb, as appear
ed wbere not wanted. Even in the raspberry
be only let sucb suckers grow as be waoted
for fruit next year.
F. R. Cook remarked tbat systems' of
pruning depended oo locality and climate.
Witb bim tbe Catawba grape always rotted
in proportion to tbe severity of the pruning
it received.
W. Saunders, of Germantown, viewed
fraoing in any case as a negative advantage,
t was sound theory to remove the bud in
stead of the branch, lias made perfect spe
cimens of pears without any use of tbe knife.
Whether pruning should be performed in
summer or winter depeoded on tbe object.
If wood is wanted, prune in winter ; if fruit,
prone in summer. Fruit buds are formed
io fall, piuching at that season, and produ
cing new buds tbeo, we therefore add to tbe
bearing system of the tree. The subject was
almost inexhaustible.
Mr. Baldwin, Dr. Esbleman, of Chester
county, and others gave their views, corro
borative of wbat others had narrated. Tbe
lust named gentleman, in agreeing with Mr.
Corson's plan of only pruning during the
orsi xwo or inree years ol me plant s exis
tence, added thai he did not close into the
truuk the first year after transplanting, but
left a song few inches long to bear a few
leaves, wbicb snags were, however, cut away
next seaeoo.
CULTIVATION AND DISEASES OK THE APH.K.
David Miller, or Chester coucty, repeated
his experience io low trimming. His soil
was limestone. All his kinds did well, ex
cept Newtown Pippin, which bnre but sbily.
Mr. HarriBoo, alluding to the last observa
tion, remarked that all tbe most popular
fruits gave oot first. He thought this an
evidence tbat bigh and stimulating culture
had much to do witb the fart, just as a pet
child takes disease easier thao more neglected
ones.
Mr. Miller referring to tbe wearing out of
fruits, stated that in his district a variety of
pear called locally the Arpioe, (we under
stood,) thirty years ago used to produce so
abundantly, tbat tbey were Bent to Philadel
phia by tbe wagon load. These trees, and
trees graded from them, now bear nothing
but knotty, scrubby fruit.
Mr. lieines, of Chester, remarked that soil
exhausted of the required elements, rendered
the trees constitutionally diseased, and graft
ing from such trees fixed the habit to a cer
tain degree.
Mr. Baldwin, referring to the exhaustive
theory remarked, tbat iu some orchards,
wbere Newtown Pippins were diseased, be
had Been Baldwins thrive to perfection.
Mr. Saunders, referring to the scab oo ap
ples, spoke of it as a fuoyus ; aod gave, as
tbe result of exteosive observation, that
tbeltered orchards were not near as liable to
disease as exposed ones.
Dr. Esbleman remarked tbat it was ooly of
modern orchards that luilureg were reported ;
and Mr. Saunders replied that agricultural
improvements had iollueuced the climate,
and with its winds aod tbe amouut of atmos
pheric moistore bad changed.
Mr S. Miller, or Lebanon, bad seen the
best crops in exposed localities, and very bad
ones io well protected spots. His remedy
was clean orchards aod rich soil.
Mr. Kessler never crops his orchard ; nses
ooly tbe barrow lo keep the surface clean.
Has line crops.
Mr. Grider knew an orchard that was
never cropped or bad any manure applied.
He had seen apples in that orchard so abun
dant as to cover tbe ground under tbe trees
in the autumn several inches thick. Anoth
er party bought the orchard, plowed it op,
and have bad no crop since.
Mr. Baldwin agreed witb Mr. Ssonders,
that the clearing away or forests had rendered
the climate more changeable, wbicb might
account for more diseases than formerly.
BKST MODE OF CTI.T1VAT10N TO PROMOTE PRLIT
Fl'LNE88 IN TREES.
Mr. S. Miller would maoare and cultivate
when young, put io sod when older, aud keep
a circle clear around each tree by scraping.
Mr. Harrisoo instanced two old Virgalieu
pear trees in Connecticut, standing on either
side a garden fence, one in "culture," one iu
sod, tbe first now dead and gone, the last
bearing yet.
Mr. David Miller planted his trees shallow,
in fact, oo tbe surface, aud seedeJ down
witb wheat. He mulched tbe following
season witb a compost of stable manure,
soapy water, bog-pen scrapings, coal-ashes,
etc. In two years tbey had made a fine
growth. It was tbeo plowed op sod pot
down in corn and not cropped, we understood
since. His peaches had been a great success.
One year 1,0 trees produced enough fruit, at
seventy five cents per basket, to reilise
83Ij. His whole system be summed up as
follows : Deep soil ; plaot shallow ; branch
the trees low, eveo to tbe surface of tbe
ground, and apply a slight top dressing, ef
manor every year.
TRENCBINO, DRAlKIKO AND S0BS0ILINO.
Mr. Millbauer bad seeo good results follow
draioing in claw soils.
Mr. Harrisoo alluded to M apes' grounds,
to Mr. Leid's nursery, end Ellwanger & Bar
ry's specimen orchard, illustrative of tbe
practical beneitthat bad been obtained from
oodsrdraiu'og. Trenching and aubsoiling
are oot so beneficial as underdrawing. It
was ao error to suppose thai ouly wet soil
needed draining. People were toissled by
the term. It was a bad oi.o. The Ui.iTst
oils weiereudsred ruont in summer v un
derdrawing. At M apes' farm water was
delivered from tbe drains during tbe longest
drouth. Aeration was a more characteristic
term than draining. Deep drains were best.
Fifty feet apart and five feet deep were better
than twenty-five feet apart and bat foor reel
deep. W here there were no outlets, drains
coBidbe run into wells. He had noticed at
Kocbestei tbat the benefit of draining were
in exact proportion to tbe depth aod fre
quency of the drains.
Mr. S. Miller had drained into swells success,
fully. Hia experience of draining so far had
been ao beneficial, that if he had the capital to
command for the purpose, he would underdratn
even bis hillsides, satisfied that in time it would
prove the best investment he could make. There
were so many advantages, frost for instance,
from the air in well-drained soils, never penetra
ted deeply.
Mr. Baldwin stated that he had seen fine
grapes on the prairies where no drains were used.
Mr. S. Miller replied, that when soil wss filled
with vegetable matter, as in prairie soil, it par
took, in a measure, of the nature of our under
drrained soil. A soil naturally poroua may be
said to be naturally drained.
Mr. Grider remarked that Western implements
as the Michigan plow and other subsoiling im
plements, showed that they, too, were alive to
the importance of draining.
Mr. Lukens Pierce and A. W. Corson also
testified to the odvantages of the practice.
Mr. D. Miller did not believe much in under
draining, and it was besides, expensive. On the
contrary, the most productive trees he had inva-
' riably found by the side of springs, streams, and
I mm uains.
Mr. Grider called attention to the fact that Mr.
M. had lost sight ol the real effect of draining.
Cnderdraining made ground moist in summer
not dry.
I Mr. Saunders explained this more fully, and
' said Mr. D. Miller's observations confirmed the
I advantages of draining. He underdrained a tract
' of clay land five years ago, to the extent of 30
OO feet of tile. The drains were only two and
1 a half feet deep. The ground was worthless
before, producing nothing. No manure has since
j been applied ; but last season it produced, for the
first time, a superior crop of grass. In heavy
I clay soils his drains seemed inoperative the tirat
: year. - It took a season or two for the air to de
compose the minerals in the soil, and for the
water to find regular channels to the drains.
I Mi. Millhaher bad also noticed that fruit trees
have done well alongside of spriug courses led
' around hills; but always much best on the high-
. est or hilly side.
j Messrs. Grider, Harrison and S. Miller gave
j farther observations as to the good effects of the
, principle.
i Dr. Esbleman explained farther the mating
' moisture drp wiling, and spring tartbwarming
; principles of the practice, and had such good re-
suits from its employment, that grapes would
: grow five or six feet the first season in such
' ground, and has had Delawarcs to make a year's
growth of sixteen feet, and Diana thirty 'eight
' leet in the same way.
Mr. Saunders kuew a market gardener in
whose underdrained grouud vegetables were
prodoced two weeks earlier than in tbat of
bis ooighbors.
i Mt. lieines thought tbat might be a disau
: vantage to fruit trees, especially peaches, in
bringing forth their buds too early.
, Mr. S. Miller thought weakness from de-
ficieot draining rendered peach buds more
1 susceptible to injury from severe cold.
ARB COLD ORArERIKS WORTHT THE ATTENTION
OP TUB FARMER ?
Mr. S.Miller said it wus a mistake to
suppose theBe structures required very close
altuution. A friend of hU, wbo was an engi
neer, usually left a cbeap vinery be hud
erected go all day without any attention, and
be bad perfect success.
Mr. Uartolett, a farmer or Chester county,
said, in 1644 be put np against bis house a
vioery twelve by sixteeD feet, at a cost of
about thirty-four dollars. He had frequently
given it no attention for several weeks, and
year before last particularly. Has very tine
crops. He bad, be tbooght, as much as two
buodred pounds on some occasions Irom lour
vices.
Mr. Saonders spoke of tbe increasing risk
I of failure in pears, cherries, apples, tc, and
asked, What so certain as a crop of vioery
grapes T There was too much mystery made
or grape growing too much nonsense in
j nsual rules of management. Borders three
feet deep were sufficient, and cost but little.
As for so much talk about soils, acy earth
I tbat would grow good cabbages would grow
j good grapes. He favored ioside borders,
maae arrangements io Keep tne air moist, as
beat increased, whiob also bad a good effect
on restraining mildew. No crop produced so
much for so little ootlay, and be hoped every
farmer would profit by Mr. Bartolett's expe
rience. Mr. Bartolett said he bad both an ootside
and ioside border. Thought tbat a border
wholly ioside would at times gel too dry.
He laid down and protected his vines io
winter, until tbe spriug opened and tbe buds
pushed. Kept the sashes shut, more or less,
till all danger or frost was over, when they
were left open altogether. He used soap
suds and sulphur about throe times a year
over the leaves and aboot the vinery, aod
attributed to it bis freedom from mildew.
Mr. Saunders remarked, witb regard to the
dtyiog of inside borders, that he bad fouud
one thorough watering a year sufficient.
crackino or Tnr. pear and blight.
Mr. Saunders observed tbat be bad given
the subject much attention, and was satisfied
that cracking was owing solely to atmosphe
ric causes. Soil aualysis was so indefinite
thst oo satisfactory result could be bad.
Two aoalysis on soil, taken hot a few feet
from each other, woold vary io elements snd
io their proportions. This might be con
sidered but a "practical" view; but there
were two classes or "praclicals" those who
"practiced" aod observed as tbey went, and
those wbo "practiced" wbat tbey were taught
mere machines, who never bestowed a
thought on what they were doiog. Agreed
with Mr. Harrisoo, tl at ripe wood was im.
portent. Where wood was oot well-ripened
partial shelter would mitigate or keep off
crack and blight. Tbe effect of frost ou soft
wood was much tbe .same as beat io summer.
The moistore evaporated too rapidly, and
disease or death eusued.
Dr. Eshlemao said it was eight years since
he bad first experimented on the special
manure theory on a B'Jtter pear. He took
out tbe soil about it three feet wide aud three
feet deep, and filled in witb a compost, io
wbicb were sulphate or iron, oxide of irou,
wood-ashes, charcoal, 4c., five carl loads io
all i but fruit cracked as bad as ever
Grafted all but one limb with Barllets, wbicb
do not crack. Ths nngrafted fruit creoks as
bad as ever. 1 be tree is also well protected.
He did oot believe that ouly the constitu
tionally weak took disease. Tbe healthiest
in au was often tbe first io limes or epidemics
to take sick and die. He Inclined lo the be
lie! tbat cracking and bligbl were the results
ef a parasitic fuugus.
Mr. lUrriaou replied that it was. oevertbe
lc, tact thai. s a r! g-ovd le'U j wjjj
i u;..f !'iiIj I vTvfO- t rivt U
arising from constitutional weakness. He
instanced two orchards, near each other, of
about two hundred varieties one manured in
tbe nsual way with strong stimulating and
coarse wood-producing manures, in which
one-third of the fruit was badly cracked ; and
the other, which bad ioorgaoiu manures only,
and out a crack or sting was visible He was
assured by parties highly respectable, that
this was a regularly marked character of the
two orchards. They bad bolb been under
drained, and both treated and managed alike,
exeept in the single point ol the system of
manuring.
CAUSE OF TnK FAILURE OF THE GRAPE, AND THE
BEST VARIETIES FOR EASTERN FRNNSTLVANlA.
M r. II. M. Thomas said that about Reading
it was customary to dig treucbes one and a
hair feet deep and ooe foot wide, iuto which
some leatber-parings and stable-manure weia
put. Tbey always bore, never bad rot, aod
but little blight or mildow.
Mr. Kessler said that, for the last thirty
years tbe Isabella bad beeo tbe great grape
of Heading. Recently they bad oot done so
well as formerly. Tbe leaves became burt
usually after showers wbicb were followed by
hot sun. Wbeo the leaves ooce got injured,
he bad noticed that tbe grapes never ripened.
Tbe only remedy be knew was to encourage
Backers to throw np a new set of leaves and
canes, provided the injury was prior to July
or August.
Mr. Grider has twenty acres or grapes.
He and another neighbor had lost heavily by
rot during tbe past four years. Rot and
mildew extended over tbe whole United
States, and now, io tbe infancy, as it were, of
oor wine-making experiments, be who would
point out a remedy woold be a national
benefactor.
Mr. Febr led a branch of a vine Into a
bouse, and it bore good fruit ; all on the out.
side vine rotted. Thought the house avoided
change of temperature ahoot fruit. Grapes
he had always found to do much better in tbe
shade than in tbe sun. His experience with
vineyards near Reading dates from 1840.
Had no doubl mildew was atoiospheric, aod
that tbe gases of towns were unfavorable to
its development. He had now for some
years grown inly the Catawba and Isabella.
His system of pruning varied with the
strength of tbe viue left plenty of wood on
strong vines. He thought mildew attacked
. grapes worst ia June. Oo dewy, hazy moro-
ings, bad noticed a pale bue on tbe berry,
aod by nine o'clock next morning tbe mildew
would be plaiuly discernible. He calculated
be bad lost as much as S10.000 in bis vine-
yard by rot and mildew. He spoke of ths
winged tnrip, also, as being very destructive
to the health of tbe vine foliage.
Mr. S. Miller noticed that, invariably,
grapes oo trees were healthv in every resoect.
I while tbey rot io the vineyard.
It was proposed to take a vote oo the fiver
best kiods the members would recommend,
j Mr. Rutter said there was so much differ
ence of opinion at tha last meeting about
fruits for profit from their ease of culture or
I prolificoess, and fruits to be grown for per
! Boual use for tbeir superior quality alone,
j that be thought it would ba well to vote
I understaodingly oo that sabject.
i Mr. S. Miller tbooght the Diana with liim
lbs safest from mildew. Had never seeu auy
on Coucord. Spoke well cf Clinton in tbut
' respect ; but bad not bad good Catawba or
. Isabella Tor ter. years.
! Previous to a vote, tbe Chairman hoped
that ooly those would bo recommended which
. the members bad thoroughly tested, and to
i mark ou tbe ballots the names or tho kind
tbey bad triod and selected their choice from ;
bat we did not understand that this was
j attended to ; aud it was agreed tbat after
tbe vote was taken, that the result sboold not
be considered tbe authoritative sense or the
Society. The following was tbe list, tbe
order of preference being given as the list
runs : Concord, Liana, Delaware, Cliotoo,
Isabella. Our reporter observes tbat these
votes do not amount to much, as probably
tbose wbo bad grown a Concord might not
bave grown a Diana, as they only voted on
what they had grown. Scattering votes were
given for tbe tollowing, aud iu consecutive
order .-Catawba, Taylor's Bullitt, Cloanlbe,
Ontario, Cassaduy.
SMALL FKCIT8.
Rev. Mr. Knox, of Pittsburg, beicg pre
sent, was invited lo rovor tbe meetiDg with
his experience. For raspberries be need a
Double Michigan Plow to the depth of twenty
inches. Preferred tbe Briuckle's Orange for
flavor, beauty aod productiveness, but it was
rather soft for carrying to market well. It
I was rather tender ; but bis faith was io pro
tecting all, even the hardiest. Francooia be
preferred as a red. Next tbe Improved
Block Cap. He prated it highly for profit.
' Does not prefer it to others himself; but for
I market use oue must study tbe wants and
I wishes of bis customers, rather than bis owu
taste. Improved Black Cap was for superior
to the common kiuds. He planted tbem
seven feet aprt aod three feet from each
other, other kinds five feet, and throe feet
irom each other Io tbe row. Used stable
Biaoure. For marketing raspberries, less
than pint boxes were tbe best size. Objec
tion has beeo made to tbe color, but in bis
market, where tbe Orooge is known, it sells
well at good prices.
Mr. Knox prepared ground for strawberries
as for raspberries. Soil bad remarkable ef
fects on tbe resolts of strawberry culture.
Has bad profitable strswbbetry crops from -grouod
ooly ten inches deep. Grows tbem in
rows two sod a balf feet apirt, eight to fir
teen inches apart in tbe row. Never leave
any runners grow. Keeps tbe cultivator go
ing till Tall, cultivator made expressly for
ihepuipose. Lays straw along to keep i ,
fruit from the dirt. Boys draw tha straw
apart fur the operations of tbe cultivator with
a bay-rake. I bps tbe labor of women and
boys for pinching runners aod the lighter la
bor. Has beds expressly lor propagation,
wbere runners are allowed to run. Disrun
tiered beds last a loog time without renewal,
Hia beds are five jears old, and thinks they
may lst five more. Spoke highly of a kind
known in Pitlshur aa Baltimore Scarlet, a
as suiting their soil well ; also of Burr's Pine
Buisl's Prize. Many foreign varieties suited
bis locality well. Trollope's Victoiia brought
ooe dollar per quart, sod berries bud aieas
uiedtwoaud a half inches across. Albany's
defect was in having various sized berries
Sorted ihutn before marketing. Like small
boxes holding about ooe piut. Triumphe de
Gaud was bis favorite, thought it hard to
improve on it ; berries regular, usually on
and three fourths in diameter. His system
bad beeo objected to as expensive. Found,
by the returns, it was lb che . Two
fcundred dollar oou'd be realized witb bim,
on h s system, for every oo hundred dollar
spent.
STRUT- wtteisa aof. "Please, sir, give me
a bruwo t" Swell. "thi pence is the eolv sax ail
iujw; I hove, my lad." iy. 'Velt. air, I'll ft
xi !...! wlJ tr icr my k-o, tu.j
i