T
MUM
iuujjiti
NEW SERIES, VOL. 8, NO. 49.
SUNBUliY, NOimiUMBKRLAND COUNTY, PA -SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 1856.
OLD SERIES, VOL-.16. NO 23
Tho Sunbury American,
riltlDUIB XTIHT (ATTJBDAT
BY II. B. MASSES,
Marktt Square, Sunbury, Ptnna.
TKRMS OF SUBSCRIPTION.
tVTll DDI.!. AUS net annum toba paid half yearl in
etretiae. N o payer diaconurued until all arrearage! ara
aid.
All eommunicatinne or letters on liuiinees relntinf to
las ailioa, ta inaura attention, mint be fusi rAlD
TO CLUBS.
Thr-e eomee 19 ona addraaa. S00
ft. van Da I) 10 IK)
Fifteen !' P" ""
Fivod.dlare in advance will pay for three year's sub
lariptinnto the Americsn.
Piiatmaatera will plena aet aa our Agenta, and frank
lettere cmitainiiiK euhwription money. They ara permu
te! ta do thia unuer the l'oet Office Law.
TERMS OF ADVERTISING
One 8-iunie nf 14 linea, S timet,
Ctrerv aubiequeut inaerlioni
Ona Siutiie, 3 montha,
Six montha,
One year,
B ashless Cards of Five linea, per annum,
eforehants and othera, advertieinj hy the
year, with the privilege of inaartin
SifTerentadvertisemenie weekly.
S
so"
(l
too
to oo
OF Larger Aavertiaeineme.ne pei
JOB PRINTING.
We hire emnee'ed with onr eatahliehment a we'
ee'eeted JOB OFFICE, whieh will ei.aWe ua to execute
la the neateet atvle, every verier? nf printing.
S. 3. IASSEP,,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
SUNBtTRY, PA.
Business attended to in the Countie of Ner
thumherland, Union, Lycoming Montour and
C alumbta.
Reference in Philadelphia :
It on Jf.h R. TTenn, Chaa. OiMme, F.eq..
Somen k Siiiiiluraaa, Linn, Smith tc Co.
WHITE ASH ANTHRACITE COAL
FaoM Till Lajcastir Colliiut,
Northumberland county,
YMERE we have very extensive Improve-
nicntK, ami ara prepared to oiler to the
public a very superior article, particularly auited
far the manufactur of Iron and making Steam.
Our tir.es of Coal are :
LUMP, V for Smelting purposes.
STEAMBOAT, ) for do. and Steamboat
BROKEN,
BHOICE.N, )
Elitl.
rrovE, )
for family uae and Steam.
NUT,
PEA, I
for Limeburaere and Steam.
Aar point of Hhipping ia Sunbury. where ar
i easements ara mad t load seals without any
lay.
COCHRAN, VEAI.E it CO.
J. J. Ciichha!, Lancsaler.
C. W. Pain, Shamokin.
Bin j. RnniioLn, Lancaster.
A. B lOMflABPNER, da.
tV Orders addressed ta Shemakha r luntary,
will receive prompt attention.
Tea. 10. 1SS5. ly -
TJ. S. OF -A..
"God and our Native Land."
O USQUE H A X N A CAMP, No. J9, of the 0.
" of the U.S. A. holds ita stated sessions ever)
HoinT evening in their New Ilsll, opposite E.
T. ftrights atore. Sunbury, Ta. Initiation and
reiaHa, $2,00.
D. O. E MAIZE, W- C.
Tii'l V.'itvtaT, I!. S.
Sunbury Jan. 12, 16ftfi. oct 30 S5
O. OF XT- .A.. IsL.
eJUXBUltY CUUXCIL, No. 30, O. of U. A.
M. meets every Ttssuat veniiijr in the
American Hull, opposite E. V. Bright' store,
Market sitcet, Snnbury, Ta. Mamhera of the
;der ara respectfully requested to attend.
P. M.billXDEL, C.
A. HooTin. H. 9.
Sunbury, Oct. 50, 18S3.
J. S. OF -A..
lBrA!HI.t.TON CAMP, No. 19 J. 8. of A
' hVule i:s atated meelinga every Saturday
lvening, in tha American Hall, Market Street,
Wubury.
A. A. 8HIS9LER, P.
Jehn 8. Beard, R. .
Ku!iury, January S, 185S. tf.
EIC E L SOI R EATING SALOON!
( SIAKM.S I. VKIAHTO
r? A3 tnken th Saloon formerly occupied
ly V barton kV Fiaher,
It Market Snuart, Sunbury,
here ha will be happy to dispense to hie
ends and the eating public generally, all the
licaciea of the scaion, including Oysters tresh
A spiced. The bill of fare will include suh
.ntialsand delicacies, calculated to satisfy those
o are hungry, and those who desire merely to
ve their palntcs tickled. It will be open at all
ura of the day, anJ all reasonable hours of the
ht. Give ua a call and taste f.ir yourselves.
IJT Families and patties supplied on shert
ice.
iunbury, Srpl. 5?, 1835.
LEATHER.
'RITZ, 1112X11 IKY Co.
'o. 29 AbrtA Third Street, Philadelphia.
fOKOCCO Manufacturers, Curriers and Im
! porters of FKEXCH CALF-SKINS, and
crs in Red and Oak SOLE LEATHER &t
I'.
:b. 17, 1855 w ly
F. H. SMITH,
OUT M0NNAIE, POCKET BOOK,
AMD
reMlD; Came illaiiufHCliircr,
.V. W. cor. of Fourth Chestnut Sti.,
PHILADELPHIA.
vs on hand a large and varied assortment o
rt Monnaies, ork Boies,
ktt Books, Cabas,
nkers Cases, Traveling Bags,
te Holders, Backgammon Board,
I Folioa, Chesa Men,
table Desk, Cigar Case.
ssing Canes, Pocket Memorandum Books,
3. a ceneral assortment of hnglish, r rencb
ermao Fancy Goods, Fine Pocket Cutlery,
i, Raior Strop ami liold I ens.
!tala. Second and Third Floora.
F. II. SMITH,
eor. Fourth A Cheatnut Sts., I'bilada.
I. On 111 receipt of If I, Superior Gold
11 b cent to any part of th United State,
; describing pen, thus, medium, bard,
I., March Jl. 1855 ply.
AKMERS TAKE NOTICE.
liushil Flaxieetl wanted immediately at
Cheap Swr of E. V. Blight, for which
.at market prir will Ix paid.
Hi, October, I85J tf
DVAHE.-Tb! CutUry, Raaor. Pock
Knivsa, Hand nwC Wood saw in
Aim, CtitMla, Door Lock, and HingM,
C.ls, WailNs, 4'- rrivd and for
I. W. TEN EH A.CO.
try Dec. I, I ef '
Select f ocirg.
MY NATIVE VILLAGE.
BT JOUM HOWARD BRTANT.
Thore lies a tillage In a penceful vnte,
AVith doping bills and waving woods
nrnund,
Fenwd from tho blast. There never ruder
gnle
Bows the tull grass and covers all the
ground :
And planted shrubs are there, nnd cherished
Bowers,
And brightest verdure born of gentle showers.
'Twas there my young existence was bpsnn :
aiy earliest sports were on its nowtry
ground :
And often, when my school-boy task was
done,
I climbed its hills to view the pleasant
scene,
And stood and gazed till the sun's setting
ray
Shone on the height the sweetest of the
day.
There, when that hour of mellow light was
come,
And niountuiu shadows cooled the ripened
(train.
I watched the weary yeomun plodding home
iu the lono path t hut winds across the
plain,
To rest his limbs, and watch his child at
pluy.
And tell him o'er the labors of the duv.
And when the woods put on their autumn
glow,
And tho bright suu came iu among the
trees,
And leaves were gathered in the gli-n below,
swept soltly lrom tho niountuiu by the
breeze.
I wandered, till the star-light on the stream,
tit length awoke mu from my luiry ureuin.
Ah 1 happy days, too happy to return,
Fled on tho wings of youth's departed
years :
A bitter lesson has been mine to learn,
The truth of life, its labors, pains, and fears,
Vet does thu memory of my boyhood stay ;
a iwiiigrjt or tue Dngutness passed away.
My thonghts steal back to that sweet village
still;
Its flowers aud peaceful shades before me
rise :
rho play-placo aud the prospect from the
mu,
Its summer verdure and autumnal dves :
The present brings its storms ; but while
they Itiiit,
I shelter me in the delightful past.'
ifitis about (Sipsics.
THE GIPSIES OF THE DAKUEE.
The Gipsey population of the Danubian
Principuhties numbers about three hundred
thi'tmund souls, and presents the marked phy
sical and mental characteristics of the wan.
dering Bohemians of Central Europe, and the
Uiianoe o pam. u is evident that, under
various names, they all belong to the sarno
nomadic family. The traveler finds numer
ous representatives of the Gipsey race in
Egypt j tbey are not wanting in Jerusalem,
and have a small but distinct quarter near one
of the walls of Constantinople. One meets
mem roving m bands autl pructuing then and
magic along the Ganges, the same us on the
batiks of the Kibe and Thames. They are to
be found u almost overy part of Continental
Europe shivering in rags in tho regions of
thu North and baskinir iu the warm Btittsliine
of the South, which they particularly love
ocouereu more widely over the wuild than
even the tattered remnants ol Israel, they
arc, ethnographic-ally, wandering vagabonds
politically, democrats of the upen uir und
goou aavemure religiously, outward con
formists to the faith of those among whom
they move and have a temporary beinir. but
cherishing at the same time a mysterious be-
net oi tneir own. Jlohling themselves usual
ly for Christians or Mohamedaiis, they are
without Christian or Mohaiumetlau worship;
belonging to the great world, they are with,
out worldly possessions ; and mukitig a pre.
tense to patriarchiul customs, they lead a
vagrant life, and exhibit the characteristics of
carniverous animals in general.
scattered as they are, and recognizing the
tempo'al and religious authority of those
nuoae lanusmey inhabit, it is believed by
persons who have studied thera nnd their in
slitutions that they have a secret but xten
ded political organization nnv, that there is
a King of the Gipsies ; but where he lives,
where is the court of this monarch whose do
mums are wider than those ruled over by spir
itual Home, is a question still open.
The impression prevails throughout the
Last of turope that the Gipsies are ono of
the lost tribes of Israel ; that they are de
scendants of tne Israelites who caused our
Saviour to bo crucified, aud for that offence
have been scattered over the earth and con
demned to personate the Wanderine Jew
The Gipsies declare themselves to be of
Egyptian origin, and are, in fact, termed
Egyptians iu many parts of Europe j hence
also the name Gipsey. Their features can
not be mistaken. They aie of ordinary stat
ure, robust, nervous, and manifest a Bedouin
partiality for tent life, the open air, and the
beautiful stars. Their bronze cnmnlexinii.
bluck hair, burning eyes, teeth of ivory white-
uees, long cnesis ana projecting shoulders
suggest an Ethiopian oriein. Their naked-
ness, relieved by a few scattering rugs, their
naugniy ana almost warlike gait, and the ex
pressive gesture which characterize their
ci'iivcrouuuii bimo givo inem a striking resem
blance to wandering Hottentots or Kaffrcs.
Theirs, however, is not an African origin.
1 heir language is a melange of brunch of
the hanscrit, with terminations and words
borrowed from the people anion? whom they
I.'... I . L
inv. u auibvt, iur luaiaiiue, tney employ
the Sanscrit root, with tho Turkish termina
tions. The many traces of patriarchal life
which they exhibit each nomadic band hav
ing its chief their orieotal language and
many things about them suggest Lasturn life,
Lastern origin, Eastern institutions.
A religious faith analagous to the Fettisb
has been ascribed to the Gipsies ; but they
uo consider them worshippers of leeks and
onions, and thoso holding tbem to be Chris
tians, appear to ba equally mistaken. There
art many reasons leading us to believe that
the Gipsies are a branch of tbs great Fire
Worshipping family in tho East. It has fre
quently been observed that the smiths, when
kindling tbeir fires, go through with certain
mystical performances of a religious nature,
and also tbt the)ir worship, of whatvcr kind,
is usually celebrated at or near the rising of
the sun.
The Gipsies are clenrly of Asintio oritrin.
They closely reseniblo the lowest caste in In
dia, audit is highly probable that their an
cestors came from the banks of the Oxusnnd
the region south of the same. Driven from
Asia bv Tamerlane about the year 140H, they
entered Europe by three great routes, ewe
stream of immigration reaching Spain byway
of Africa, another sweeping into Europe
along the northern shore or the Euxine, and
the third and largest tide ebbing to the nn
tiuns of tho Danube by the way of Anatolia,
and lloumeliu. In n comparatively few years
they became widely disseminated' over Ku
ri'pe. Gipsy bands' first appeared in Molda
via in the year 141", nnd a few months aftpr
wurd were seen in Germany, nnd on the
coasts of the Baltic. Tho 'following year
they made their appearance in Switzerl'itnd,
pretending, as elsewhere, that they were in
habitants of Lower Egypt who liud been
compelled by the Saracens to renounce Chris
tianity, but thut having been reconquered by
the Christians they had been sent to Home
where tho l'ope, for their npostury. con
demned them to wander over tho enith seven
years nnd sleep constantly on the ground.
They ulso pretended to have passport from
the Topo and the Emperor Sigisniund, per
mitting them to wander at pleasure and steal
with impunity. They were described ns "a
"vagrant horde beloiiLMiis to some unknown
'nation, of brown color, strange appearance, i
uuii unown ns the f.gyptiuns or Zingnn.
A Tier the first surpi i.-e, nnd in some instan
ces terror, caused by their appearance, they
were everywhere persecuted with relentless
cruelty. Nor. if we can believe the old chron
icles, were the wandering Zingari the nniiu
blu nnd innocent creatures to whom, ns
Esmerahlns nnd l'reciosas, we are introduced
in modern romance.
In the year 14'J2 the Government or Basle
in Switzerland warned its good citizens
against the Zicrnner (in different parts of
Central und Eastern Europe, ulso termed
Bohemians, Zinguri, Zingani nnd Tsigans.)
describing them as "most urtfnl m.d cunning
in an possible devices against the estab- i
"lished right of possession. I
At this tiino there ore doubtless tnoro !
than 2,000.000 Gipsies in Europe. So earlv
ns the year 1442 there were 14.000 in Suit- :
zerlund ulone, whence the Government nt- !
tempted to expel them in 1510. l-'erdinand
of Spain endeavored to drive them out of his I
dominions in the year 141I2, but they conceal- i
ed themselves in out of the way places, and i
soon ufter appeared as numerous us before. !
Iu Franco they were persecuted with lire and '
sword, and in 1C12 the Government decreed :
their entire annihilation. Iu Denmark, where j
they were called 'Turtnrs. wandcrine nbotit :
"und injuring people by their lies, thefts, und I
"machinations of iho black ai t," they were 1
ordered to betaken into custody nod pun-
ished. In many parts of Germany, tho Gip. i
sies were thought to bo secret emissaries of j
the Turks, and were accordingly treated with I
the utmost b-irburity. j
The Gipsies appeared in England some time j
in the 13th century. One of the first nllu- !
sioii8 to them is in Shelton's description of i
r.iytiotira uummmge, published in tho begin
ning of the following century :
'Her kirtell Rriatnwe red,
With rl"lhranpon her lieode,
Th'lt they way ti we i'f lende,
Weythen in a wnuth-r wise;
After the S:iitiz-in's giae,
With a whim whtini
Knit u; n n trim tmn
Up nl her h-i ne :im.e,
Like mi Ti. . i r (an
CiinVd ai-ji.t
When .iie g .etii . "
III the times or II, tin VIII
tho Gipsies Were thu objerl.s i
mentary persi cutii.n. In Se
other hand, they wwe roei.tiii
nn.
I
li.
il I nc.-
ill.ioil. in lb,'
zei as an in.!i
pendent people, and iu con.-i ipien :t of llie.
protect iou alVoii'ed them, ittru'tiM-d i:t num.. 1
tier to more than lOll.llllll souls. Tin y l.i :-:iu ,
minever, to uisuppeur, linn III llie time ol .Sir
W'ulter Scott scarcely ;"nlil Gipsies could be
round where they liud lonin iiy been eo nu
merous. Thu possession or 2."MI lliill Gip.-v slave., now
held in Mold ma unit nll .i l,m i about :
equally divided between the Governments of 1
the respective rnueipiiliti. s anil privatit in-
dividual. The Crown Gipsies (Ih.mnexh) i
may ne stiunivideii into tour classes: lirst, j
the Huilari und Aurari. who ulone have the
right of washing the river s studs for gold.
Some of the mountain streams ofthe Carpa
thians mo ns rich in golden spangles us the
Tagus aud i'actolus. In Traiisyhuniu, also,
where the urt of gold washing is brought to
much greater perlection than in the Danubian
Principalities, the goldwashers are chiefly
tlipsies. They exercise great judgment in
the selection of favorite locations. The ap
purutus employed by them consists of n
crooked board four or five feet long and be
tween two and three feet broad, with a slight
elevation, generally a wooden rim on each
side. A woolen cloth is spread over this
bourd, upon wlrch is scattered the gold-sand
mixed with water. The small grains of gold
remain sticking to the cloth. Thu latter is
afterward washed in vessel of water, when the
nietal sinks to the bottom.
When larger particles of sand are found
they make deeper channels in the middle of
the crooked board in which the small pieces
are caught as they roll down. Each of the
Gipsy goldwashers pays a small tribute,
which, however, does uot go into the treasury,
but is giveu to the wives of the Hospodurs us
pin money.
The second class of Crown Gipsies are
culled (Wort, or exhibitors of beurs. They
wander from village to village with bears
cupturcd when young among the Carpathians,
and taught to perform several dances. To
insure themselves against accidents, the
Urturi breuk oil tho teeth and claws of these
animals, and render them nearly blind by
thrusting into their eves a red hot iron
They have also a peculiar method of captu
ring bears among thu Carpathians. A vessel
containing brandy and honey is placed where
Bruin repairs to drink, in suck a position that
he caunot l-il to see it. The mule und the fe
male, as well as the young, are unablo to re
sist the temptation love of honey, if uot of
brandy, being their besetting weakness. The
exhilarating effect of the alcohol manifests
itself iu thu course of a few minutes, and then
begins the burlesque cotiKion, The bears
dance until they full powerless to the ground,
wheu the wary Gipsies bind them fust and
drag them home ou their carts. The I'rsari
likewise pay a tribute of a few piuslers to thu
Government.
Third, Lingurari, or wooden-spoon makers.
Tbey also manufacture all kinds of rude
wooden vessels and labor as smiths. Of the
four classes, they are in the best conditiuo,
and a few of them have permanent dwellings.
Fourth Class I Laitui, or Vagabonds.
Without any fixed residence or occupation,
tbey live ami wander in corroding idleness, or
laboring occasionally as masons, smiths, and
wooden-comb makers. The most wretched of
the Ciowu Gipsies, they are at the ssmttiiue
the most independent. Thov wander nndis
tiirbpi) through the Principalities, nnd for nn
annual tribute of n few piasters are permitted
to pasture their horses in tho vicinity or the
villages nnd highways. The majority or them
live by theft. The males usually devote the
day to sleep nnd the night to petty plunder
ing. The females wander ubont the rnunirv
interpreting dreams, and in consideration of
a lew paras promising riches and a handsome
lover to
''Thevil?em!it
Who seeks the dark Gipsy's Tearful aid.'1
Many or these dusky sybils are not want
ing in the rich brown complexion, the swel
ling bosom, and the soft, liquid eyo of the
Orient. They are skilled in all manner of
tucks to turn n penny, and both males and
females are regarded ns Egyptian plagues bv
those among whom they live.
AVith the exception of some or the I.inqu.
ran , nono or the Crown Gipsies have fixed
dwellings In Summer they enenmp under
tents, and pass tho Winter, like hibernating
animals, in the rtvlo subterranean dwellings
common to the Wiilluchinn peasantry. Yet
these nonmdic children or Asia nre true dem
ocrats From ten tofifteeu families nre tin i
ted under the authority of an individual be
longing to the band, und chosen by them
selves. These Jmle, or .fudges, of the Gipsy
baud are subordinate to a chier whom the
Gipsies term their Jiuluhassa. The latter is
chosen in lull assembly, in the open air.
Every Gipsy has the richt to vnt lint llin
candidate Tor clrctinn must belong to a family
from which a liulahatta has already been
chocen. He must bo better clothed llinn his
follows, ripe in years, and ot imposing statue
und bearing. Alter a choice hits been effect
ed, tho successful candidate is raided throe
times upon the shoulders ol' those assembled,
with noisy demonstrations of repect The
ragged Gipsy leaves the field r,r election ns
proudly as a Magyar lord or earlier times re
turning from the lield or Iinkos or an elector
pi Germany from the choice of an emperor.
I ho Jiuhibaxsa. ns well as the subordinate
judges, must be confirmed by the military
governor of the Pii, eipnlily. order to be
distinguished from other Gipsies, thov gener
ally rule on horseback, nnd havo the "right to
wear a beard, a long red cloak, leather boots
or a red or yellow color, nnd also to enrrv a
knout wherewith to punish delinquents, tho
Uulvlnssa stands between tho Gipsies nud
the lluspndar of the Principality. He op.
portions tlio. tribute that is to be paid, nets
us supreme judge in cases where an appeal is
made to his authority punishes the guiltv,
ge-ierally with his own linnd. and occasionally
lnlorms the Government or the condition of
ns subjects. The latter stand in greater
fear o their liulubassa than of the prince
himself. 1
The Gipsy slaves held ns private properly,
in con ra.hst.notm,, to those of the Govern
incut, belong either to the cloisters or to pi i
vale individuals. They , divided into two
classes, the Luton and the V,,tram. The
lormer roam oyer the Principalities under the
command of their J., ,v r,.,.;,r r i.
Luiossi of the Crown only in M?ma tribute
to the cloisters nnd private indivi luals in-
'.'r7 Ul "l" "vei l.ment. Cloisters nnd i
similar religious institutions are more ntimer- !
u in Moldavw nnJ Wuliachia than in nnv
Mi' im worlJ-1''l'fT tho region ofj
Mount A thos, und possess more than one1
thud ol the real estate in the Principalities, j
Jn the year IMS u law was psed manumit- j
ting the slaves belonging to the cloisters,!
wh:eh. however, has not been executed. j
nt? second class, nii.nely. thu IV;r,
ii. ne li xi u tlwellllij-u, ,
ir position ci rres-
vi ty i:f,ii,v t thai ,, t. siav.s in
' ' -i: -t.-y. Th, v ai" It nn.' tn. st pait !
1 '.' Ui.l s- : v::Ms d t!. w. :,'iliv
l:.e !,,;
B. .;.r.
io.'u,.;,
1 loill lit-i ft T l',;re!:'t!'..-
I in contact with their inasiets. th,.V '.
have
l.t many of the distinctive , har.n ler- !
l-1ics
svtare. n,r, 1......
they lorcotte,, t,L, ., ,,, char en-- i
toins i I iheir in. ma. iie brethren that it it .lilli- j
cull in dislnigiiish them from the U'allacliinn
peasantry. s,ltne of i h,.,i live in villages, en-
smiths.
-' Kinumiii., or servi le- as m.i.-ons.
tailors and shoemakers : but t. '
,1,, , ' .
u ; ,' t "'H l'"-V r"li""S f
. r'i;"",i . u,",,'M;- u"
I nose ol the oher eusse u.. ....... .1..,. -:i ,.i
weie iii.niiii, ss i, diked to the condition of
.. . .i ..i.. . , : .i u.ei him u. '
slavery soon uln r their nppenrance iu tho
I i incipnlities not us prisoners of war nor as
the debtors of the wealthy Boynrds, but bv
the right of the stronger : "and the few effort's
made to ameliorate their pituble condition
have thua bteii uttended with but little sue
cess. The bastinado upon the soles of the feet,
the latter being elevated so that merely the
head and shoulders or the sufferer rested on
the ground, ws formerly the ordinary mode
ol punishment for the sluves. The lush,
spiked collar, and close confinement are now'
generally employed. Iu Bucharest it is a
common thing to hear that this or that
Hoyard has murdered one or more slaves.
Gipsy blood flows in the veins or the best
Boyard families. Able-bodied males can be
purchased, lor less than fclOO- Females,
however, are usually much mora expensive,
their value depending upon their youth and
natural charms. No thought or attention is
paid to the education or the slaves, and so
complete is the antho-ity orthe Boyards over
their human chattels, that the Government
officers are not allowed to give the number or
the sluves in the census. This unlimited au
thority or ownership, the entiro absence or
instruction, and the cheapness or the urticle,
are evidently improvements upon thesjRtem.
l.eforo tho occupation orthe Danubian Prin
cipalities, thousunds or Wallechiuo Gipsies
were under the protection or the Austrian
Consulate ut Bucharest, aud siuce that event
they have not fuiled to protect the unfortu
nate sluves from the cruelty ana rapacity of
their l.oyurd musters. A movement is now
on root to emancipate the Gipsy sluves in
.Molduvi , but owing to the disordered con
dition of the Principalities but little good is
'"Tcled from that quurt.r. Should
Austria become the possessor of Wuliachia
a id Moldavia their emancipation will doubt
ls speedily lollow.-AVu- W Tribune.
Kxtraobdixav M iiiKoa. There has lately
been shown, iu Paris, a huge coucave mirror,
uu instrument of a staitliug species of optical
mugic. On standing close to it.it preseuts
nothing but a monstrous dissection of your
physiognomy. On retiring a couple of feet,
it gives your own face aud figure in true pro
portion, but reversed, the head downward
But retire still further, standing at the dis
tance of five or six feet from the mirror, and
behold, you see yourself not a reflection it
does not strike you as a reflection but your
veritable self, standing in the middle part be
tween you aud the mirror 1 The effect is al
most appaliug, from the idea it suggests of
something supernatural ; so striking, iudtied,
is the exhibition, than men possessed of tho
strongest nerve will tbriuk involuutanly at
the first view.
pak the truth, or be silent.
Cultivation of Fishes,
In a paper from tho Patent Office, pub
lished in tho National Intelligencer, it is
suggested that tho fishes of many vurietiis
not now known to them, might be intro
duced into tho waters of this country, by
means of transferring t lie spawn from cmn
locality to another. The mullet of the Gar
onne would be vulunblo in the Potomac, und
also the Sardine. The trout and salmon of
the Pihino nnd its waters would nnswer
further north ; turbot nnd sole for the Jersey
waters; and trout, enrp and salmon for north
of the Delaware. The carp it is known was
introduced into tho waters cf the llud.-on.
The golden carp was introduced into a pond
near the some river. Tho breaking of a dam
caused these fish to be swept into tho 11 ud
son, where they now exist in tolerable abuu
danre. To a similar accident we ore indebt
ed to its pressnee in the Schuylkill. Mr.
Prntt used to have them in a pond on Lemon
Hill, whence they were washed into the
river, und are now caught by tho boys in
abundance. The smelt now" nbunda'nt in
Jamaica pond, nt ar Boston, did originally
exist there, but was carefully transported,
either from Europe or from some section of
this country. Salmon nnd shad wero former
ly foiindjn the Merrimac. nnd the latter in
Lnko Winnipiscogeo and its tributaries; but,
since the establishment of manufactories nt
Lowell, and tho consequent damming of the
river, these fishes huvo disappeared from nil
the upper waters ; while, on tho other l.nnd,
the opening of communication between Lake
Erie and tho Hudson has introduced to that
lake nnd its accessories eels and perhaps
other fish not previously found ihere. The
same result hua also been experienced in
Lake Ontario since its connect ion with Lake
Erio by means of thu WuHand canal. The
officers of the navv on foreitrn service could
havo ossigned them tho duty cT collecting
varieties (.r fish not known to the wutess of
the United States.
Mr. Peel, of Sauecrties. New York, has
shad, carp, tench, gold-fish, ic, in the ponds
on his estate, nnd so will are tlay protected
from molestation of any kind, that upon the
nppearnnee of persons nt the margin of the
waters, they approach to receive food from
their bands. 1 ins uentleman, it is said has a
sturgeon seven feet long, and when he wnuts
n sail on his pond, ho harnesses this sturgeon,
attaching a lino und cork float to the traces.
I be sturgeon will swim with tho utmost
speed around the pond several times, keep
ing lienr the shore. Jhen be will suddenly
stop, rise to the surface or the water, end
turn np its bnik. thus iudicatinir its exhausted
condition. Ledger.
Olden Time.
In 1S37. there were but thirty ploughs in
Massachusetts, and tho use of these agricul
tural implements was not familiar to till tho
planters. From the utuials of Salem it up
pears, thut in ihc year it was agreed by the
town to grant Richardson Hutchinson twenty
acies of land in addition to his share, on con
dition that he "set up ploughing."
10?. A sumptuary act of the General
Court prohibited short sleeves, and required
the garments to be lengthened so ns to cover
the arms to the wri.-t, and required reforma
tion in immoderate great breechi s, knots of
ribbon, broad shoulder bdtids and taylee.siik
rases, double cull's and rufl's.
ltill'J. For preventing iniscarriuge of let
ters, it. is ordered that notice be given that
Biehai d Fail banks, his house in Boston, is
the place appointed lor all letter which nre
brought rioin beyond the seas, (.rare to be
sent thither, are tube brought unto him, and
he is allowed for every such letter Id. ; and
must answer all miscarriages through his
own iieulet t in his kind, provided thut no man
shall bo obliged to bring his letter thither
unless he pleases.
104". Tin-Court ordered, that if any young
man nllempl to address a young woman with
out the consent of her parents, or in case or
their absence, of the County Court, he shall
be tinea ill lor the first offence, 10 for the
second, and be imprisoned for the third.
ltM'J. Matthew Stanley was tried for draw.
il'.. b, ll... ., IV..,. I ;.... 11. !' 1 .1 1.
,in n uiiviikiua ui iiiiiiii I III IDA a UUUUII-
t,T ui,!!"u, Ct1'ls''',t r ' Pivti. con-
vieled und lined 15, fees 2s. (id. '1 hree
, . J
inurrieu women wero lined os. eacu lor
iC'ililtng
Jonas Faiihanks was tried for wear
ing great boots, but was acquitted.
A Nkw Cave asp its Skcrkt. During
tho hitter part of January, some laborers oil
thu Virginia Central li.ii'houd, near Coving
ton, Allegheny county, Virginia, discovered
a new cave, of considerable extent, with un
opening ut each end. On exploring it, they
found the dead body of a man, in full hunt
ing costume, which crumbled to pieces, like
dry dirt, when touched. One of the persons
took bold tif the Toot, which immediately
broke from the leg. On examining the
body, next day. a pocket book was found,
containing papers, among which were seven
bonds for large amounts of mouev, one being
Tor Sti.'iOO. dated in the year 1823 nnd others
dated in 1820. All of them wero signed or
given by old settlers of Allegheny and Bath
counties. It is thought that thu circumstan
ces under which these bonds have been kept
from the light, will bar the application of the
statute or limitations, in which case, some
very respectable persons in that region will
be placed iu rather embarrassing circumstan
ces, us they will be held responsible for the
bonds to the full extent of the property in
herited by them, as heir of the signers orthe
papers. "The Greenbrier Era, which is tho
authority for this account, does not say
w hether the name of the deceased is known
nor whether any marks of violeuce were
fouud.
Dikfkrknce in M en. We often fee nn old
and well-beaten man w ho never hail a success
in his life, who always knew more accost
plished less than his associates, who took the
quartz and dirt of enterprise, w hile they took
the gold ; aud yet, iu old age, ho is the hap
pier man. He had a sum of hope, and liny
of desire and greed and uniid all this misfor
tune, am) his mysterious providences, he Imd
that within him which rose up and curried hi
heart above ull troubles, and upon their
world-wido waters bore him up like the old
Ark upon the Deluge. It was the Deluge
that gave out not tho Ark. God has dis
tributed his girts. It takes a score of them
to make ono man. One supplies the swift
sagacity ; another the cautious logic ; ano
ther the impelling force; another the hope,
another the practicle tact oue supplies gen
eral principles, another the working pluns.
Men seldom unite by the strong points. It
is men's weaknesses that bind them together
Valhaiili Coal. The coal in Brecken
bridge. Kv., seems to possess a value far ex
ceediug that which attaches to it for fuel or
mochauical porposos. Froth a too of this
coal it appears that there may be produced,
by a proper process of working, thirty gallons
of good lubricating or burning oil, and twenty
to thirty pounds of csndls wax.
1 0.c f r g
OUR UNION.
BY MRS. SIGOTJRNEY.
Onr futhor lives in Washington,
And has a world or cares,
Yrt gives his children all n rarm,
Enough Tor them nnd theirs ;
Thirty-one well growr sons has he,
A numerous race, indeed
Married nnd settled, too, d'ye see,
W'ith bojs nnd girls to feed ;
And if they work nnd till their lunds
They're sure to earn a living,
And have ft pretty sum to spare
For laying up and giving ;
A thriving family nre we,
No lordling need deride us,
For we know how to us our hands,
And in our wits we ptide ns.
Hail, Brothers of the banded States 1
May uought ou earth divide us I
Some of us dure the sharp North-East,
Some, clover fields nre mowing,
And others raise the cotton plants
That keep the looms a going
Some build and steer the whitc-wirg'd
ships
And lew in speed can mate them,
And others reap the bearded wheat.
Or grind the corn to freight them ;
Arid if onr neighbors o'er the sea,
Have e'er nn empty larder,
To send a loaf their hearts tu cheer.
We'll try a littla harder;
No old nobility have we,
Nor tyrant king to ride us ;
Our Sages at the Capitol
Enact the luws that guide us,
1 1 nil. Brothers of the banded Slates!
Lot nought cu earth divide us !
Somn faults have wc wo can't deny
A foible hero nnd there.
But other households have the same,
And so we don't despair;
'Twill do no good to frown und fume,
And cull hard names d'ye see
And what a shame it were to part
Such a thriving family 1
'Tis but a waste of time" to fret,
Since nature made us one
And every quarrel cuts a thread
That blessed love has spun ;
So draw the cords or union close.
Whatever shall betide ns,
Still cling rust, through every Must,
For ninny a storm hns tried ns.
Hail, Brothers or the banded States I
Let naught on earth divide us 1
Cjjoicc Selections.
TKrtriA-Aqt'Rocs Machine. In a letter,
dated Austin, January l:t. a correspondent
of the Galveston, Texas News, thus notices
u new invention which he calls "the great
invention or the age :"
The great invention or the nge is General
Chambers' terra-aqueous machine : it has
been privately submitted to committees or
both branches or tho Legislature, and I am
credibly informed that it has been demon
strated to the entire satisfaction or nil the
members oT both committees that tho in
vention is a valuable one, and likely to create
an entire revolution in the means or trenspor
tation. It is represented not to have any
wheels, and not to slide, nnd yet, by some
peculiar arrangement, will, on a graded road,
make forty miles un hour. The road will be
much wider than rail track, but will require
no iron, nnd possibly cost less than a double
track. It will cross rivers or bays at the
rate of ten miles per hour. This is a short
description oTo machine applicable to both
land and water. Tho inventor claims thnt
the same principle may bo npplied to ma
chines intended solely for water transporta
tion, and that the speed of some twenty miles
per hour may bo obtained. The invention
may seem too extravagant for credence, but
as some men who liuve acknowledged me
chanical skill, pronounce it a valuable inven
tion, I deem it worthy of notice.
A Ccre for S.kai i. Pox. A proscription
for tho cure of small pox, scarlatina, and
measles, has been communicated by a mem
ber or thu lioyal College or Surgeons Lon
don. It is reported to have been testid with
invariable success in innumerable, instances,
and the receipt is us follows : Take one
grain or powdered lox-glove or digitalis
valuable iu the ratio t,( its greenness and
the same quantity of sulphate or zinc or white
vitriol; rub thoroughly iu a mortar with a
Tew drops or water ; ndd Tour ounces of water
and a little sugar. Of this mixture a table
spnoufull should be giveu to an adult, und 2
teuspooufulU to a child, every second honr
until symptoms or disease vanish. The herb
annihilates the fever, and the zinc acts as a
tonic.
A SorrrK or Smii.es. Dr. Franklin hnv
ing noticed that a certain mechanic, who
worked near his office, was always happv and
smiling, ventured to ask him for llie secret or
his constant cheerfulness. "No secret. Doc
tor," he replied, "I have got one or the best
wives, and when I go to work she always has
a kind word or encouragement forme"; and
when I go home she meets me with a smile
and a kiss, and the tea is share to be ready ;
and she hns done so niHtiv little things through
the day to please me, tiiat 1 cannot find it "in
my heart to speak an uukiud word to any
body." Tim Law of Patents. Judge Nelson has
decided that the circumstance that a person
has had nn idea or an improvement in his
bend or has sketched it upon paper, has
drawn it. aud then gives it up, neglects if,
docs not in judgment or law. constitute him
nn originul and lirst inventor. It is not the
person who bus only produced the idea that
is entitled to protestion as an inventur, but
the person who bus embodied the idea into a
practical machine, aud reduced it to practical
use.
Ermarkaui.k Watch. At the French ex
hibition there was exhibited a watch which
created much interest und admiration. It
tells the name and day of the month, the
equation of time; is a repeater, striking the
minute as well as the hour ; Is a thermometer
of tolerable accuracy, and winds itself up by
the action of its ou movement. The price
of this most tngenie.is piece of workmanship
is thirty thousand francs.
Hais Bki-shks To clean hair-brushes,
put a spoonful of pearlash into a pint of boil
ing water, then fa ten a bit of sponge to the
end of a stick, dip it into the solution, and
wash the brash. Neit rour some hot water
over it, and dry before tue fir.
Aft Inch or P-aix o tdb Atiaktic.--W a
have been struck wilh thut passage ofL'eHt.
Maury's "Physical Geography of tho Sea ill
which he computes the effect of a single inch
of rain falling upon the Atlantic Ocean.
Tho Atlantic iucludes an area r2; millions
or square miles. Suppose nn inch of ram to
rail upon only one-filth or this VRst expanse.
"It would wreigh," snys our nuthor, "three
hundred and sixty thousand millions of tons;
and the salt which, as water, it held in solu
tion in the fcii, and which, when that water
was tnken up as vapor, was left behind to j dis
turb equilibrium, weighed Rixtren millions
more tons, or nearly twice ns ninth, as all the
ships in the wotld could carry at a cargo ench.
It might fall in n dnv; but occupy what time
it might in fulling, thiB rain is calculated to
exert so umch'.jforce which is inconceivably
great in disturbing the equilibrium or tho
ocean. Hall the wnter discharged by the
Mississippi river during the yenr were taken
tip in one mighty measure, nnd cust into tho
ocean nt one effort, it would not make a great
er disturbance in tho equilibrium or the sen
than would the fall of rain supposed, And
yet, so gcutle nre the operations yf nntnre,
that movements so vast nro nnperceived."
Metforolocicai. Observations. An ar
rangeiiunt ha? been entered into between
Professor Henry, of the Smithsonian Institu
tion, and Judge' Mason, U. S. Commissioner ,
of Patents, bv which the system of meteoro
logical observations, heretofore conducted by
the Institution, will bo hereallcr execuica
under the direction of tho Patent Office. In
pursuance or this clia-.-rpp, the Commissioner
lias issued a circular, directing attention to
to the severe storm of snow, hail, and rain,
which extended itself over a large portion of
tho Union, from tho -11 h to the Cth of Inst
month, and asking for iinformu'iou in regard
to it.
Wnntcd, to go to Kansas immediately, a
middle-need, unmarried man. to ofiiciate as
the fighting editor of a political newspaper.
lie mut be seven feet. Iiorh in his stocking
feet, be composed or nothin? but muscle, bone
nnd sinew, havo sledge-hammer fists, nnd ft
head that will withstand miy quantity of
punching, either with whiskey or boulder-
stoties. Must also be proficient in the use of
bowin-knivpa. revolvers and scientific eye
gouging. Will be required to receive visi
tors daily nt the sanctum door, nnd represent
the editor in nil cases except in receiving
money. Salary doctor's bills free Tor ono
year, aud the office of Judge each succeeding
one.
Rf.mf.dt ron Toothacht:. Chamber Jour
nal alludes to a process described by Or. Ro
berts bcrorc tho itoynl bcotnsn foeiety ot
Arts, Tor cauterising the dental tcrve, and
stodpivg teeth without pain, by rtPans or a
wire applied to tho patient's tooth perfectly
cold, und afterwards instantaneously hented
to tho required extent by a small electric bat
tery. A present for Cronstndt is beir.g con
structed at the Low-moor Iron Works, Eng
land. It is a shell, nine feet five inches in
circumference, and thirty-six in diameter.
Its weight is over a (on. It costs 25 un
filled, and the mortar which is to dischnrge
such a shell weighs thirty -five tons. This
shell is intended to bombard Cronstadt. aud
it is expected that a bomburdment well sus
tained with such a weight or metal, will
crumble the walls of tho defence like powder.
Stretching Tiinri: Lecs.?. Mrs. Nichola,
late of the Brattleboro, (Vermont) Democrat,
says thnt. "the drinks" are now called "leg
strechers," in that State. She says it is Bit
every-day occurrence for some passengers in
the stage coaches, while the latter nre wait
ing at the hotels for the mails, to say "I
guess I will get out and stretch my legs."
which alwavs ends in their having a drink
somewhere in the hotel. She adds that it is
perfectly astonishing with what unchecked
ense and frequency legB are now stretched iu
erinont.
Temptixo Exoit.ii. The Indies of Galla
tin. Missouri, are already using the privileges
allowed the fair sex during leap year. A GdI
lolin paper has the following announcement:
Lort We are requested by two youi.g Indies
of this town to state that each of them lost,
a Tew days ngo. a cuff pin and a piece rt Mac It
velvet, Tor which the finder will be liberally
rewarded, if goodlookitig nnd comes well re
commended. Two finders would be prefer
red, and thoy young men.
In tho Lunatic Asylum nt Colnmbns O.,
is a fair of insane lovers. Occasionally they
sppm to recover their reason, and are permit
to hold interviews with one another. In one
of these the poor gill becgod her lover to
mnrry her, but he replied with a melancholy
real enough to bring tears from the listeners
"You know that we cannot he married,
Eller, we are unfit for that l.appinefs poor,
unfortunate creatures thut wo are !
A country Dditnr n, ha received the fol
lowing "stop my paper :"
"Dear Sir : I Lave looked enrefully over
your paper for six months, for the death of
some individual 1 was acquainted with but
not a single soul I rave any thing about haa
dropped off, you will please Lave my namo
erased."
Bad sait to catch a wife Poverty and a
rod nose. Good bait Brass watch, a few
coppers to rattlo in l;ea of dollar, and a good
suit or clothes, tho bill for the latter being
unreceipted.
Grain andFiocr Beititts. The receipt
of Canadian grain nt Oswego, N. Y . Tor
IMS, were 9,459.172 bushels against 6,582.
42U for the previous year. The receipts of
Canadian flour in 1855, were 224,043 barrels,
against 167, 207 barrels iu 1854.
The failure of Barntim the hnmbnj; is an
nounced as probable if not absolute.
Self-denial. Thcro never did, and never
will exist, anything permanently noble and
excellent iu a character which is a stranger
to the exercise of a Ksoluto self-denial.
Grals Chop or Ilmkois. The Chicago
Press estimates the grain crop of Illinois lor
1655 us follows : lbO.OOO.ObO bushels of
wheat, uud 50,000,000 bushels of oats, barley
und rye.
"Take a wife, Tom, said Richard Brine-tley
Sheridan to his wild son Tom, the father of
Mrs. Nortjn, "take a wife and reform."
"With all my heart," repl'ed Tom, iduo,
cently, "whose wife shall 1 take.
It is a sinija1r Tact that nine oat of every
ten meu swrndled at mock auction stores aro
gentlemen who never took ti newspaper.
The eyes of a pretty woman are tho inter
preter uf the languuge of ber heart. Tbey
translate what her tongue has a great difScul
tj ia txpressiog.
Omit co duty, commit no iioiuJue,