'"rfff:" tr-.-.'.-
i.,n roi t-. rii r i x j i ti r-.i' v. '.i',', i"'" i'"
.-; U kc V. y,i
r v
H. B. MASSER, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.1 ; ; ;V ; Sg
rt
OFFICE, MARKET, STREET,1 OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE.
SI jTitmUy lspapcr-Dgbotctt to floUtfcg, attgratttrr, ittprata,,irorttfli an SomrsUc .ftctos, scrince m the arts,-sacrfculture, iHsir&tts, 'amusements, c
NEW SEK1KS VOL. 6, NO. 3.
SUN n UltY, 'NORTH tt.A I n K RTi A N D COUNTY' PA., SATURDAY, APItIL 2. 1853.
OLD SERIES VOL. . N'. $8.
N IR I;
7) -A ft, . '. 0 M ,',V .
--o- . -v.' jjjr 'V :-j : zr. . i -
TERMS OF THE AMERICAN.
TUB AMERICA! ti publlnhed every Knturctny m
TWO DOI.I.AII9 per niiuuin to be pnid half yearly in
dv-anee. No paper discontinued until all arrearage art
paid.
All communication, or lettcra on Inisiiiesa relating; to
the office, to iiiaure attention, muit be POST l'AIU.
TO CLUBS.
Three cop lea to one atlilrees, t3 00
Beven U Ro 10 00
Fifteen Do Do SO 00
Five dollara In mlvmiee will pay for tlitee year'a lub
criptiou to the American.
flOO
ti
3)0
600
S00
300
SELECT POETRY.
On Sou me of 10 Hum, 3 timet! .
try tul-equent insertion. "
One ftqunre, 3 months,
Si mmitlia, . .. -One
year,
HuiineM Canle of Five Hues, per nnmtm,
Merchants nnd others, ndvertiiiif by Ui
yenr, with the privilege of inserting
litTcrent edveTtiscments weekly.
IV" Larger Advertisement, as per ogreement.
1000
H. B. MASSEPw,
ATTOI5NE Y AT LAW,
6UNDUHT, PA. '
7 13 usinens nttended to in the Counties uf Xor
tliumberlant, Union, Lycoming and Columbia.
Kefir lot
P. & A. Roroudt,
Lower & Barron.
Somen & Snodjrraim, Fliilad.
licynolils, ffFnrland &. Co.,
Spering, Good & Co.,
H. J. WOLVERTOH,
ATTOP.1TEY AT LAV"
OFFICE tit Market street, Sunliury, adjoining
the Office of the "American" and opposite
the Tost Onice.
Business promptly aOrndrd to in Jforthumbcr
land and the adjoining Counties.
lU.rEB to : Hon. C. W.Itcgins and H. Bnn
tinn, Pottsvillei Hon. A. Jordan und H B. Mas.
ter, Sunbury.
April 10,' 1852. ly.
HENRY D0NNEL,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office Opposite tlte Court House,
Sunbury, Northumberland County, Po.
Prompt attention to business in adjoining
Counties.
WM. M. ROCKEFELLER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
SUA' III! It Y, PA.
Dee. 13, 1851. tf.
M. L. SHINDEL,
AT-TOS.1TET AT LAV ,
SUNBURY, PA.
December 4, 1852. tf.
THE LAST SHADOW.
' ' BY R. T. CONRAD, . '
When nround the conch, long tend til, .
Heavier shadows fettle down ;
And the zephey comes unwilling,
And the sunlight seems to frown ; .
Pain's familiar sense is duller, :
And the sick heart's feeble flow,
Like a rnged bird, fuint nnd frightened,
. Seems to flutter to and fro.
When pule shadows troop perpetual '
O'er the half-closed, heavy eye,
Anil a great Thought, 'dim nnd dreadful,
Ever whispers Thon must die!
Whispers lone, nnd low, and solemn,
Yet it fillelh nil the sky .
Tis the surge of Time's far ocean,
And its mitliern Thou must die
Then, when earthly hope is aMies;
Then, when parihly aid is dust
If III' UnrhnnghiB be our champion,
And th' Eternal be onr trust
Let the worn heart throb to slumber,
With a sleep that ne'er shall wake '
Let Iho surge-liko vnir.es whisper
Angel hymns shall o'er them break.
For one oib, to us declining,
D.twns wiiliin a brighter sphere ;
And the soul, star-born in Jl.'avcn,
Leaves a lingering glory here!
c c t tt v c , -
DELIVERED BEFORE THE
SUNBURY LYCEUM,
By Dr. D W. Shindkl.
Mr. President
and Gentlemen of the Lyceum :
The topic 1 have selected for our consider
ation this evening is Life. Then whit is
Lifu! I begin my Riiswer by asking the
question, What is not Life ? to which I reply
it is innrsanio matter. Inorganic matter then
is not life. We design to notice brcifly the
differences between Inorganic, and organized
substances and thus, in answering the nega
tive, we pnrtly reply to the main question,
What is lifol They differ in Origin, Sixr, i
Shape, Chemical character, Texture, Termi
nation
erties to their own composition, at ilia same
time, absorbing particles from their own
structure, and throwing them off. I
Again, every change that takes place in
the inorganic body must occur nt its surface.
Whether it become large or small, its in
crease, or dimmunition, must take place by
particles added to, or abstracted from its sur
face. But in the organized body its growth
is caused by the deposition of particles inter
nally, and diminution in bulk, by the sub"
straction of particles from within.
We also no i.-e two conditions in them, of
which there is nothing in the inorganic, viz:
health and disease. In the former the funo
lions are executed wiih fteedom and energy,
and in the latter wiih oppression, and re
straint. Bui the mode ofTcrminaiion, in the two
kingdoms varies greatly the one is destroy
ed by mechanical violence it has no fixed
duration, and it may cease to exist at any
moment whenever the nflinilies which hold
it concrete are destroyed
The vegetable, nnd the animal, carry on
their functions fora certain lime only, which
is determined for each species. The bulk is
gradually augmented1 by deposition internally
ma'.uiily is attained and their decay com
mences the functions are rariied on with
less energy, the fluids decrease in quantity,
the solids, become mote ligid, and very scon,
it ceases to be vital. It has been sufficiently
in iealed, that there are general forces and
special or f.'ol forces, the first acting on all
matter, dead and the living including the
forces of gravitation, cohesion, &c, the lat
ter being exclusive to living beings. Thus,
Gentleman we have endeavored, briefly, to
draw the differences between Inorganic and
Organic Bodies, and now in answer to our
main question we say, Life is Organism.
Inorganic matter we have said was not
Life, but necessarily the opponant of Life.
Biol nut from your imaginations the ani
mal and vegetable fioms, the minerals, the
atmosphere, and all else, which being com
posed of definite proportions have a separate
and orderly existence, and what is left A
formless mass consolidated by gravitation
I heterogenous elemen's in un repellent con
WM. M'CAKTY,
B O O K 9 K 1. 1. 1: K ,
Mirktt Street,
SUNBURY, PA.
J UST received and for sale, a fresh supply of
F.v.ixcEMC.iii m SIC
nr Sincinir Schools. Ho is also opening nt
this time, a large assortment of liooUs, ill every
krnnch of Literature, consisting of
Poetry, History, Novels, Romances, Scientific
Works, Law, Medicine, School and Children's
Books, Bibles School, Pocket nnd Family, both
with and without Engravings, and every of vari
ety of Binding. Prayer Books, of all kinds.
Also just received and for sale, Purdons Di
gest of the laws of Pennsylvania, edition of 1851,
price only $6,00.
I.-We ll-nJ, edition of Blackstonei Commen
taries, in 3 vols. 8 vo. formerly sold at $10,00,
and now olTcrcd (m frcsU LlJ,nS) at u,e ,ow
price of 86,00. ...
A Treatise on the laws of Pennsylvania re
specting the estates of Decedents, by Thomas F.
tior.Ion, price only ,,.iu.
Travels, Voyages and Adventures, all ol
which will be said low, either for cash, or coun
try produce.
February, 21, 1S52.H.
tact, and also certain substances separated by
the power of repulsion. For example Nitro
gen, which foibids special organization.
And O.njuen ready to consume all forms-
Mode of preservation and Motive
forces. Inorganio substances are not born
They nie not the result of Parents, but spring
fiom lliH eeneral forces of matter: their rtar-
tides are merely in a slate of ngSregalioi., ! 'hose """game, the negative of life
and their motion regulated by certain fieJ, ! Na' ni0rc ,he8e i"Snio subalances, are
nnd invariable laws. j "u-w, "Inch destroy any form of special
Oigat.i7.ed Bodies, on the contrary are the ,lf,, aml l'iehaie destined to be dismal,
nrodue.i of feneration: thev must come I form nrul unsatisfied they are distruc-
1 - II . a- t. .I .
from parents similar to themselves. And , '"""-", penem .o racn oiner, existing in
ll.ev n-..ssess. the ' principle of Life' which . pene.uu. u.scor.i, -wnose nanus are against
controls iho ordinary forces of matter. ! eve,- , "rul eveiy one's hands againsi
T U . .f Innrn i In lm.l id! ia ti V nn
Alls nir.y iuwiuiv j
means fixed, they may bo great or small, I
according to the number of particles which j
them.;
VXVie HTii M'i'jier Warthoute.
STOT01T.& LA1TI1TG,
MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS,
Ho. 121 Arch Street, second door above Sixth
PHILADELPHIA.
WHERE may be found the largest and bejt
selected stock hi the City.
COUNTRY PURCHASERS may here be
accommodated without the inconvenience of look
ing further, and may be assured that they w ill re
ceive the advantage of their money.
BURTON & LA NIX G,
124 ARCH Street, above Sixth, Philadelphia.
March, 12, 1853 3in.
aie to compose it.
. A crystal, may be minute, or the contrary,
acco:ding to the nu Tiber of saline panicles
in the solution Oiganized bodies, on the
contrary, either by a slow or rapid develop
ment, attain a ceitain size, by which they
may be known ; and although we meet with
the Dwarf, or Giunt excepiions, these ate
unfrcquent and merely prove the Rule.
In chemical character, a great difference
exists between the the two classes. In inor
ganic bodies, the composition is moro simple.
Many of them have but one element, and
when composed of more, the combination is
rarely higher than ternary. The Organized
body on the oiher hend is ncvor simple, but
always at least ternary, or quarternary. The
simplest vegetable, consists of a union of
Oxygen Carbon, and Hydrogen ; the simplest
animal, of Oxygen Carbon, Hydrogen and
Azoic. The composition of the mineral is
constant ; its elements have satisfied their
affinities, and all is nt rest. In oiganized
Let light, break in upon this daik chaotic
mass, and at onco there exists, air, clouds,
seas, and dry lands. Now, the green caith
fragrant with her many flowers Iho beauti
ful menndeiirg of her silver streams to the
broad blue oeean '.he thousand forms of an
imal life the great expanse of heaven and
ear h illuminated by the "glorious orb of
day" the pale moon, wiih her statry host
strike upon the eye of Man.
And between these harmonious, and those
dikcoidant existances, there is establiched a
constant contest; and this will produce, first,
an inapt condition of the atmosphere, in extra
and protracted moisluie, and in extra and
protracted ilrjne8, nnd vniious changes of
temperature. 2d In exlia positive, nnd neg
alive stales, of the electric fluids, or in the
language of Saraday, "in the unbalanced
condition, of Iho various modifications, of the
one nil pervading impoudeiable, whose phe
nomena are light, heat, elecliicity, and
maguatisni."
vegetable form of life.' The ultimate form
of vegetation, is a. cellule." A' cellule- is the
lype of the organization, of the entire vege
table world, wfltiif ts organisation. These
Cellules, myriads in humber being acteil up
on by stimuli, hi light, heat and moisture,
become a vegetable organism, as such il
pushes a radicle downward, nnd a plume
upward, varying in form, size, color and du
ration, w hilst it makes its stalk, branch, ten
dril, leaf, flower ami gem containing fiuit.
They are all a cellule! organization for
Nutrition and reproduction only. . They have
neither brain nerve or muscle, and are there
fore without voluntary motion. Their creep
ing ami other imitations of voluntary mo
tion are only the result of stimulated irritabil
ity. Such is the vegetable form of life.
But affection, superstition and religion, add
to common consent, that there is a vegetable
form of life. Pythagoras considered Ihe
common bean as the medium of Mctempsy
chos's The Lotui in whole and its several
parts, nre equally wiih the ibis important
elements in the Egyptian lliroglyphics.
Superstition, has lik.ewhe con grated the
Homcrinn holly, tha palm tree of Lalonn, the
Odinnnk, the Roman fig-tree, the Athenian
olive, the mandrake of Ihe Hebrews, the
campae, the toulia tree, and the magic cam
alata. First fruits were laid on Jewish alters the
rose of Sharon and the lilly of the valley, are
endeared emblems of christia.iity, the Ama
ranth is also the emblem of immortality, the
cyprns, Ihe yew and the weeping willow, be.
speak, sadness, silence and the grave.
It is not the weak minded or ignorant, but
educated and cultivated minds, that are most
fond of their flowers Not only the blacking
boy in Nicholas Nicholby, w ho on nccounl
of his poverty, and deformity was denied the
companionship of society, found a substitute
in the Hyneiulh growing and blooming in a
btnken blackning bottle.
Byron was sad and dejected, as a poet
without his muse, unless a boquct of floweis
was upon his study table.. Xerxes adored
tlin majestic sycamore, and carressed the
Plane tree, ho slept enraptuied under its
shado and tenderly embraced its branches,
and when compelled to bid adieu to his ver
dant favorite, bedecked il with bracelets and
chains of gold.
At least then may we not safely say, they
are growing creatures which have life.
We pass to Siiy but a few words in refer
ence to thu second form of Life, thai of ani
muls n moie complex lorm. It consists of
an organism, for nutrition, and reproduction)
more complicated than 1 lint of Ihe vegetable,
ami of nn additional one for Perception, vio-
lition, locomotion and prehension. Wo say
the vegetable organism efleels two objects,
Nutrition ami Reproduction. The coordinate
and blended organisms of Animals effect jaix,
viz: Nutrition and reproduction, together
ivilh Perception, violation, locomotion and
prehension, thus enabling, and fitting Ihe
more perfect being to move about and take
care of itaelf.
The third and last form of life is man.
Man the abstract
Of all p.rfec.lon, which Hit workmanship
Of liraven liath m tli'd, in himself conlaine
luiui.s uf several qualities. "
What is man! surely he is more than unit
mu. He has a triple nature. Sense, Intel
lect and soul ; functions, faculties, and jpirf.
A nutritive, reproductive, and sentient organism.
He is more than a mere moving creature
wh ch has life. He was made in the image
of his Creator, to have dominion over all in
fttrior heines. Plants show Ihe wisdom ol
the Creator, in evolution, bloom, and repro.
duction. Animals still more by their volun
tary motion, self defence, and preservation
tainly true, that men's long frame wo.k has
no inherent stability, but is only found in
the organs of motion, Ihe muscles. By a co
operation of the functons of the liver Si lungs,
man sustains his own peculiar temperature
against 'the changing powers of heat, nnd
cold. By orcans of aense, ho w isely selects.
From the F.vening Dutklhi. '
TUE FfcSKSYLVAKIIA R Alt. ROAR-STATE
TAX ASD TOWAGE ?IO. 4.
' We proceed with the cot t'deration of the
question w ill the State lose by the abate
ment of the tax on tonnage t
while the most zealous advocates of lbs
and appropriates ; and by his intellect he is Slate tax have never been able to Drove ihai
reducing Ihe earth's surface to order, erecting I Ihe construction of the Pennsylvania Railioad
cities, building navies, bringing into viewi has resulted in the diversion of business
things extremely minute, and distant, short- from the canal while those who are best
ening space, and communicating thought, informed in railway economics, and have no
with the rapidity of liuhleuinz. . But like private ends to
all specimens ol organization, he blooms in
order to fade, his faculties and functions af
ter having done wonders must bend down
from a culminating stage, to pass through
senile atrophy to the dust, as the faded lea
of autumn.
And here we might terminate onr dis
course, lor we have snlticienlly answered
the question. What is life 1 But there is
another very important question raised by
Iho general tenor of our lecture, which must
the consequences of its operations while
ll Ihe patriotic appeals to the dear people
to protect themselves againsts the encroach
ments of mammoth corporation, have emana
ted I row petty politicians, k have been based
upon no belter foundation than prejudice
while not even an attempt has been made to
show in what manner the operations of the
Pennsylvania Railioad are to injure the State
it has been clearly proven, on the other
hand, that Ihe Pennsylvania Railioad has
be answered. Is man nothing more than a already conferred most important benefits
nutritive, reproductive, and sentient organ
ism a mere moving creature, that has life
a life dependant on organization? Is man
only this! Sad, sad indeed! Is this the
whole of man f An irresponsible soulless
being 1 If so, then why Ihe sacred word
"spirit" applied to man, and to no othor
creature inferior to man l Ah! this then
makes man more than physical life. Apart
from the decaying organisms for nutrition
and reproduction, sensation, perceplion, vo
lition and voluntary motion there is the ''im
mortal spirit." This spirit, not subject like
organized stibstances lo evolution, bloom and
decay exists before the brain, and the mean,
fleshy mental faculties are developed and as
brightly and as immortally still w hen braitu
faculties and functions are extinguished.
We distinguish then Ihe immortal spirit
of man, and the mind, dependent on organi
zation. The intellectual faculties-and the
spirit of man cannot bo, and are not the same.
It was this "spirit" which was addressed and
reached by the holy eloquence of Paul, and
all the Apostles, and mininters of Christ; it
surrounds the human mind as a halo ; il is
this spirit which commands the faculties of
the intellect, wakes op the emotions, and by
resisting or yielding lo evil, imparts respon
sibility, and subjects man to obedience.
Must oSsuredly man is an immortal being.
Made in the image and after the likeness of
his Creator to have dominion overall inferior
beings.' He is Lord of the Creation. The
sun, moon and stars are his lights, flie thun
der is his organ, the winged songsters his
choir. ''Every beast of the field, and every
fow l of ihe air were brought unto him, to see
w hat he would name them and like a good
shepherd who names his flock, so he named
r.ll cattle; every fowl of the air and eveiy
beast of the field. And Ihe lion licked his
right hand, and the eagle fed out of his left.
Such is man, and such he will be, w hen
ever he reaches his pristine slate of gentle
ness and truth.
By the construction of the road, lands.1 for
great distance, experience an appreciation
In value ; they present greater inducement
for settlement ; Ihe demand for ihem is in
creased ; the improvemets become of a bet
ter character ; they are assessed at higrer
rales, and ihe increased taxation is not bur
densome. , ,
The territory of our highly favoreJ Plate
teems with mineral wealth beyond compu
tation. Without Ihe rail road vast beds of
coal and Iron would lie undistu.bed ; w ith
it spring into existence manufacturing ami
mining associations, a demand for labor is
created, population flows in, tow ns nod vil
lages, mills and factories are erected, w allb
is increased, forests are prostrated by the
axe, prolific fields replace Ihem, and )ield
to the husbandman a rich reward ; the tax
able property of the State is increased by
millions, an impetus given to eveiy useful
enterprise j and yet Ihe instrument o
means of which nil l-fiis w ill b accomplish
ed is held np as a scourge, a formidable ri
val, a deadly enemy to Ihe Suite improve-
merits.
What if Ihe worst that has been charged
upon the Commonwealth, and must continue
lo pour into Ihe treasury, directly and indi
rectly, a stream of wealth w hich the Canal against the Pennsylvania Railroad, false as It
is, should be admitted 1 What if the w hulu
of Ihe business of Ihe canal west or Dun.
can's Island should be diverted lo the rail
road ? It has been stated on good authority
that this portion has never paid expense.
Why then continue Ihe loss, if the public
could ba accommodated without It 1 UUt
no evidence has been offered that the re-
alone could never have produced.
The increase of business over the Colum
bia Railroad in consequence of the construc
tion of the Pennsylvania Railroad, has been
very large. No one will pretend that the
increase since the opening of the Pennsylva
nia Railroad could have been due to any
other cause. Without Ihe Pennsylvania
Railroad, so far from an increase, there mus I ceipts of this portion or of any portion have
LAWRENCE HOUSE,
SUNBUKY, PA-
THE subscriber respectfully informs his friends,
and the public, generally, that he has opened
the "Lawrence House" and will do his best en
deavors to please the public.
SAMUEL THOMPSON.
Sunbury Feb, tO, 1853. tf.
of a
Dilwortli, Branson 5 Co.
Importers or L Df.alehi in
Foreign and Domestic
HARDWARE, CUTLERY, &C.
.Vo. 59 Market St., 1 door below 2d St,
PHILADELPHIA.
Wbera they always icen on hand a Urge stoci of
every variety of Hardware, Cutlery, &C.
Wm. Dilworth, ie"fy i'nuis,
Samuel Bransrn,
October 10, 1852. ly.
3d, In the principle of poison, of viius. of
miasm. 4 h, In hems, which aie incongru- Man, illustrates not only his w isdom, bul bis
I . r .l I I .. I,;,.h Hit llirt nnivAiatl wiih
i una aiiu uiiuasimiiuittuit? irum incir nuaiiiv. i nnv. nuu ion, -
bodies, theaffit-itiesarenotsatisfied: there .il d .. . .. . The iheir fracrancc. as Iho frankincense
.. i i ii- . . .
is a constant composition, and decomposition, consequent conditions, are secondary destruc- temple Then w hat is man 1
from the fiisl dawn of oelal formation, un- (ionls5 and according to Schoelein, it, union We find him at birlh, a nutritive .organ
til the cessation life. All is In commotion, with the primary ones, constitute the Plane- ism, but yet, still a formative sentient organ
....I . I. - l I .. ! Anr.atnr.tlu it n , I a rnn ! n tr vnri. ' j I, ' - ' , - -r., . I i . I , 1 1. ,. .. . I . . .
unu mo uuuy ia vun.iaiitij uii-'0""0 . ,,lry r ruinMe i ue cipponani Ol Jlie.
ous modifications. If under the reign of this destructive prin
The different parts of an inorganio body ciple, man, and the inferior animals, are
hive an existence independent of each other. ' permitted to exist, they will need a defensive
principle. This we all possess, and has been
called the egoistical principle.
"By it," says oenoemein, "we are con'
tantly exerting an inherent power to aeper,
ate ourselves from creation, of which we are
nevertheless a constituent part, and are sus
taining ourselves, as iudependaRt beinse
whilst all Ihe rest of ihe universe is constant
ly, and effectually, lending to draw our spe-
James M. Vance.
R ;onNELIU8. I. F. MAKER. W. C. BAKER.
Cornelius, Baker i$ Co.,
MANUFATURF.R9 OF
Lamps, Chandeliers, Ga Fixtures, &e.
STORE NO. 1T6 CHESTNUT ST
. - Manufactory No. 181 Cherry St.,
PHILADELPHIA. -AprU
10, 1852. tt
Lveomine Mutual Insurance Company.
DR. J. U. MASSER M the local agent for the
.ItAWai lii a it ran PA Comnanv. in Northumber-
Und county, and is at all times ready to effect
Insurances against fire on real or personal pro
perty, er renewing policies lor we seine,
fcunburv, AprU 26, 1851-tf. -j
CHAIN PUMPS A small number of these
excellent pumps have been received and are
er J t..m I. f i
, ' H,B. MASSER.
Renburv. Nev. . 1852.
RMERSON'S A RPTH EMETIC Nos. 1.8 9.
... . t 111 1 : I DA..U in, F. n. i tr
and J oners i-utvcm.-i
. . . iru M-elllTV.
ed and Is sate ty " r
Sunbury, May I, 1131.-
We take a piece of marble, which is compo
sed of carbonic acid and lime, and break i'
into a thousand pieces, each fragment con
tains carbonio acid, and lime, the mass of
marble is broken down, but ihe pieces do not
suffer by the disjunction they remain fixed,
and unmodified. Not so in organized bodies,
one pari is dependent pn the other. If we
tear the branch from a tree, the trunk feels
more or less, the Injury ; and the branch
which is detached, very soon shows remark
able changes in the succulent vegetable, it
undergoes speedy decomposition, certain of-
of its constituents, being no longer held in
control by the vital agency, are given up in
the form of gasses, and the rest crumbles to
earth
Changes no less important, and impressive,
like place in ihe animal, when a limb is
s -pirated from it the Parent trunk suffers
the system recoils at first on the infliction ol
the injury; bul subsequently arouse itself lo
a repiralory effort', and sometimes with such
energy, as lo destroy its own vitality. ., The
limb, like ihe biancb, is given up lo new at
finities and putrefaction, soon reduces it lo
such a state, in which that admirable and
beautiful organization is no longer to be seen
The preservation of the animal is dependent
upon the same actions, that effected its for.
nation
. .The animal, and vegetable, are maintained
by a mechanism peculiar to themselves
they lay hold of substances around '.hero, and
by a process of eUbotation, assimilate prop
isms--he breathes nnd is thereby depend
ent on ihe a'mosphere he sucks, and is
thereby dependent on a mother. Light may
stimulate his eye, but we have yet no intel
ligent wink. Sound impiesses the mem
brane, fluid, and neivous pulp of Ihe ear
yet it fails to reach Ihe soul, and unlock at
tention and speech ; there is (strictly speaK-
ing) no volition, no moral agency yet, and
consequently no voluntary motions, the in
struments of these motions, via : arms, legs
and organs of speech aie not yel developed.
Manifestly then, ahhongh Ihe nutritive or
FATAL ENCOIKTER WITH A DEAR.
A correspondent at Trinidad, California,
Jan. 23d, gives Ihe following account of an
encounter w ith a bear at Durkee's Ferry :
"While the writer was awaiting the
opening of the trail at the former place, a
young man named Frank , a native
of Maine, who was employed by Mr. R.
Walker, of Duikee's Ferry, in hunting, was
Hacked by a grizzly bear, about three
miles from the house, on the Union trail.
He attempted lo climb a Iree, but unfortu.
nalely a dead branch, which ho had caught
to assist him iu climbing, gave way, and he
fell lo the ground and was instantly seized
by the bear. An Indian, who accompanied
him, got hold of the unfortunate man's rifle,
and discharged it at the bear's head ; then
clubbing it, he beat the animal with it until
he had broken it lo pieces. After the rifle
was broken, the Indian gave information at
the Ferry, but as il was late, the persons
there refused lo go nut that night. On the
following morning they brought the poor
fellow home, and procured iho assistance of
Dr. Whetmore, ofOileans Bar, who dressed
his numerous wounds ; but it was of no
avail. . Death released him fiom his suffer
ings on the third day. He was horribly
torn ; one wrist was nearly bitten off. It
seems he had seised the bear by the tongue
and endeavored lo choke him. His bowels
also protruded from a wound inflicted by
the animal's claws."
inevitably have been a great diminution.
Is Tt reasonable to suppose that passengers
would have continued to travel in packet
boats on Iho Pennsylvania Canal, when after
the completion ol Ihe Baltimore and Ohio
R'.ilroad, they w;ould have been carried be
iween Philadelphia and Pittsburg in a single
dayT Assuredly not. The throni'li travel
would certainly have abandoned the Penn
sylvania route of the completion of the stipe,
rior avenues of communication that were al
ready far advanced. With the loss of travel
would have followed a loss of the trade that
invariably accompanies it. Western mer
chants would have found it to their interest
to sever their business connections with
Philadelphia,-and establish new relations in
cities more convenient of access.
The loss from this cause cannot bo esti
mated, but it must evidently have been very
great, so great as to preclude the hope that
without the construction of the Pennsylvania
Railioad, there could have been any increase
of business or of revenue. But what are
now the actual results T In isol the Com
pany increased the receipts of the Slate, ac
cording to a publication of the Superintend
ent, nearly JUU,uuu. Dining the last year
the business of the Company had doubled,
and the amount paid lo the Slate must have
been proportionally augmented. A stream
of trade was passed upon the Slate improve
menls that taxed them lo their full capacity!
and which could at times with difficulty be
accommodated : and yet, in the face of all
cial life, into combination with its Inorganio gan ism is sufficiently perfected, still his sen-
lienl orcainsru is yel incomplete. Man, ai
this period of bis life i veiy dependent.
The vouna of fish, nre ofl as soon as spaun
- ..... ... r
ed. The young ostrich, is I lie loumtimg oi
the desert. The eagle after a short, and ira
patient nestling breaks up Us nest to drop
its young upon Ihe rugged rock below.
But infant roan needs a mother's arms and
eare. years of paternal protection & training
before Iho voluntary niusole are sutticie.it
ly developed for him lo acl independently
and defensively. But having, like a con.
sell, inorganio against urganie and rife
versa. The planetary against Ihe egoistical,
the egoistical against Ihe planetary ."
Thu the ideas of Schotnlein discover to
us Ibe fact of Ibat mysterious power within
us, by winch we act dofensively and protec
tively ageinst the numerous aggressive and
injurious external forces, which are as near
to us a our breath, and food, and in the lan
guage of Humboldt, "as fir ofl as iho inorganio
$tar dust that floats as nebula in the heavens."
They teaoh us that life is possible, that it
perpetuity is impossible until by an other j quering bero once attained it, he becomes
law, from ihe Great Law giver, the Creator,
makes mortal immortal. They tell us how
we li'vs and die, of heal'.b, of disease and
restoration, i
. Again we say, Life is that principle within
us, by which . we are capable of resisting th
destructive inorganie principle. . Or aeoording
(o Biehut, "the aggregate of functions by which
we resist death. , V ? 'i . v . i
. This bring us le notice, the different forms
of Life, vil vegetable, animd and man.
I assume it iheu as a fact, (hat tbete is a
the noblest of ereatures, his evolution like
the growth of the Cactusgrandiflora ba been
slow, but like it, bis bloom is most splendid
Behold him In the completeness of hi phy
leal nittnr. He I fitm a a solid cube yet
pliant and a easy and varied in motion as
the rolling sphere. ' Measure the transverse
parallel line which make tha breadth of the
feet, hips and shoulders, and the erect form
of man will ba shown ' lo be an inverted
cone resting on its apex, or at least en
small truncated suifact. Is it not most cer
this accumulated evidence, it is asserted that
the Pennsylvania Railroad is injurious to the
interests of the State ; it must be taxed to
protect the revenue. While the revenue of
the State was increased nearly $200,000 in
1851, by Ihe operations of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, but a small poition of this increase
was duo to the Slate tax, w hich amounted
then to only S3,856 ; bul as the tonnage in
creases and prices become reduced, this taxi
which is uniform on all kinds of freight,
must become excessive, and w ill bear a
laige proportion to the whole receipt. It is
even now seriously felt, and every princi
ple of equity, independent of the direct ad
vantages which must result from its abate
ment call loudly for its removal. It was im
posed under a belief that the construction
of the Pennsylvania Railroad would affect
injuriously the business of the main line.
Expetience has fully demonstrated that il
has largely increased this business. Upon
what pretext, then, can the lax be con
tinued. Other States have seen the folly of such
lestrictions upon trade. Will Pennsylvania
still continue to close her eyes against thu
light of experience, lo disregard the interest
of her citizens, lo obstruct her own ad
vancement in prosperity, and continue lo
pursue a policy w ntcn is most clearly op
pressive and unjust I
been diminished by the operations ol me
Pennsylvania Railioad, and if they were,
can a tlouul De entertatneu inai um i..--
tion would be more than tenfold compensa-
led by the increase of business on the Co
lumbia rail road, and ihe incieased value of
taxable property due lo the construction ot
the roac 1 The liabilities of the Common
wealth will be t'.isehareed quite as soon if
the revenues are derived from increased bu
siness upon Ihe railroad, and increased val-
ne of property, as if they were leceiveil
from Iho canal.
The failure of one source of revenue is
not to be regretted, if the loss is more than
compensated by an increase from another
quarter consequent upon this reduction ; and
as the woist enemies of the Pennsylvania
Railroad would probably, be unwilling to as
sert that the operations ol the road have
been more injurious than beneficial to iho
State, a tax which is not imposed equally
upon every other corporation is without the
shadow of a reason for its justification.
PeNNSVLViSIi,
RAISING CRANBERRIES.
The subject of laising Cranberries isevi.lent
ly becoming one of interest lo the general
farmer. In the Eastern States, it has become
quite a profitable crop, there being no appa
rent difficulty in raising Ihe fruit in all kind
of soil, if properly treated. Low meadow,
however, where but little grass grows, and
which has been drained of it surplus water,
may be regarded as the best. They can be
propagated by roots or eed, which we pre
sume can bo obtained cither of ome of our
Philadelphia nurserymen, or from those of
Moorestown. and other in New-Jersey.
Al the State Fair at Lancaster; there were
a quantity of roots for sale by an eastern man,
at a verry low price say ten cent per 100, or
Pennsylvania.
The Language or Jot and Sorrow. We
seem to be batter acquainted with the miser
ies than with the happiness of life. This is
shadowed forth by the fact, thai In nt least
the English language the words to express
what is good and pleasurable aie fewer by a
great deal than those for the bad and painful.
We have color lo paint every shade of
wickedness, and slioke for every stage of
woe; lot Ihe crime be Ihe blackest, w can
give il a name ; let the cup be Ihe bitterest
we can tell of the very lees. But lo tell of
the varj ing light of pleasure, and all the
winning way or goodness, we are wholly at
a loss; and the moat weean say of the great
est goodness is, that there is an unknown,
indescribable charm about it; the most we
can say of the highest bliss, that it ia unutter
able. From Dallas', Poetics, ; ... , : .j:
' Cast. Sutter, (the early eettler in Califor
nia) has leased hi farm, and it is stated that
ha intends to return to Switzerland with his
family. . ..- . ,. . ;i ... . .:. !.-. -'. . :
rti.." the Nurlh Amenuuii anil V . 8. Gazelle.
THE rtNISSYLVANIA RAILROAD STATE
TAX ON TONNAUF-MO. 4.
The inctease of receipts upon the Colum
bia Railroad, in consequence of the construe
tion of the Pennsylvania Railroad, great as
they must be, will not be Ibe only, or even
the principal, source of revenue lo the
Stale.
The most substantial and reliable source
of wealth and national prosperity consists in
ihe inoreaso of properly, of population, of
manufactures, of productions, and the full
development of agricultural and mineral re
sources.
It is in this point of view thai the bene
fits which are to flow from the construction
of Ihe Pennsylvania Railioad aie pre-en.i
neatly conspicuous. i nrongu it mean
Philadelphia will be able to hold it proud
position amongst ibe eiiie of the Union,
and, advance wiih rapid stride towarj the
summit of commercial grealnes. With
every accession to its wealth and population
win ne increased the stream ol revenue
8 per 1000 ; and he offered to supply any
quantity desiied. The root looked a fresh
as though just taken from the ground, and we
have no doubt they might have been planted
in our soil successfully.
Some cultivator prefer the large pale kind
other the oval or flat kind, which is said to-
be the richest. - The Jersey plant could ba
easily obtained from the swamp ; but we
should prefer those vine which had been.
raised from ihe seed on upland Ger. Tel.
In Ihe Massachusetts Plowman we find a
communication from Mr H Ware, Jr , fo
11 Pickman rami," Salem, Mass., in which he
gives his experience in ihe use of Carrots a
a food lor horses and cattle. He state that
be ha fed them to. his horses for the last
twelve years that Ibey prefer ihem to any
other kind of feud that they are trood for
milch cows and that for swing and poultry,
w hen cooked and mixed with a little bran or
meal, they are excellent. " i give my horse
each, once a day, about a peck this being
about one-third of their keeping. For horse
used for draft moderate driving, I consider
cariols worth about half as much a Ihe same
weight of good hay, For stable horses, used
to being driven hard, 1 should use a leas quan
tify ; as I think them too laxative and a
mure stringent feed better. For working ox
en, I esteem Ihem very highly, as they pro
mote health, flesh, and ability to perform la
bor. For milch cow, carrot are valuable,
as Ihey improve the quality of their milk.uth.
er than they increase ihe ouati.i'y. Their
effect on the general appearance and health
of the animal is decidedly good.'1 ...
Our own experience,, well as all the in
formation we posses from those who hive
been in Ihe way of raising and feeding the
canot, agiee with this statement. The on
ly thing that we cannot understand, is, con
sidering Ihe value of this crop a having been
fully established, that our farmers do not oul,
livate it. more generally that all of them,
who have stock, do not, with the same regu
larity that they put in a erop of potato,
plant their quarter, half,'or aore of oatrots
Ger, Tel. . . :,,
. Be km it lecturing at Baltimore, on Sbak, which It pour In'o the treasury of tt3 Cent-
!. pncnwtalth.
Oca heft security consists in innocence.
and the cheering influence of approving t$n
science,