it i II j i .: s 4 ' ' ' ''
r . ,
fit .11
II. B. MASSER, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
OFFICE, MARKET STREET, OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE.
ft jramfljt ilttospapcr Dctootcn to Jjoiwcs, fittrrnturc, nioralfts, jforcffln ana Domestic iictos, Scfcncc airt the Slrta, ftorfculturr, iHarluts, amusements, c
NKW SKlllKS VOL. 4, NO. .
SUM1UKY. NOIl rJIUMIlKULAM) t'OtJNTY. I'A., SA'JTIIHAY. MARCH' IS. 1853.
Ol.l) MKHIKS VOI. Nil. tfj.
TERMS OF THE AMERICAN.
THK AM KRI CAN ii publi.lieil every Snlurday nt
TWO DOI.I.AliS per annum to be puid bull" joiirl) in
aHcanre. No paper ilisconliunrd until all arrearages ure
puid.
All communication, nr letters on business retuhng; to
the office, to iinuro attention, mint lie roST PAID.
TO Cl.lUS.
Three C"pie l "lie address, SSOO
fven l Hrt ' 10 110
Fiiteen lo MOO
Five dullnr. in udvnnce will pay for three year'. .uh
senption to the American.
One Pontile of 10 lino, !) times, f 1 00
Fveiv .ul.eqticnt insertion, . . '2.1
One (imre, 3 ilionthi, 3i,
Six month., Ano
One yeur, mm)
Hucinci Cnrds of Five lines, per annum, 300
.Merchants nnd others, mlvertlNiin by the
ycur. with the privilege uf inserting
diHi-rent advertisements weekly. 1000
Cif larger Advertiseiiieiit., as per agreement.
A T T O K N H Y A T I. A W ,
EUNEURV, PA.
riiiincsnttewlcd to in the Counties of Nor
thumberland, I nion, Lycoming nnJ Columbia.
lie Or In i
P. -'i A. Kovo u tit,
I.nwrp iV. Uarron,
l rialai
Siiiihm & Niiilirrn"s, P'ulail.
Koyimlds, McKarlHinl & Co.,
yjioritif;, tioiiil & Co., J
JAXBS r J. N AIL
Attorney find Counsellor at law,
STTUEURY, PA.
T.Y'IT'Tj ntli'tid fsi illi fully ami tivoiiiptlv to all
proiVssiuiuil l)uiiii'.s, in ISoitliuiii'x'i'lami
unit I'nion cmintics. 11c U litniiliiir with tlie
(iertiutii iHitsuatro.
Ori'ICK :- Opposiln the "Lawrence House,"
a fuw doors from t!tf Court House.
Smiliury, Aus. 10, 1S.11. ly.
SESIX'J AKD SUMMER CLOTHING.
lVERYBOUY sltoiilil cntlirare t!iU oiiorttt
tiity to Imy CLO'l'lIl-NG for Men, Youth
ml 15 ov. tit audi iiii-es have r.evcr vet been
n,mn"in tliis Citv, at (iD iK'.JK CKLI.N'S
.1.01 1I1NO r.STAULrsiIMK.NT, SouHi-fiaat
'oria r of Maiket ami becoiul St reels, riiilailel
hi.i. enihrncitiir ft choice of tlie licnt, most uVsira
lc. iiml lasltinmihlc
DRESS AND FROCK COATS,
'libit Cloth do., Liiieit Diillini; io Tweeds,
c, Sc. togctlier with a (.'real variety of
Eoj-s' Clothinfj,
oin-Utiisg of 8 k Coat?, Tolka Jae .ts, Mon
v Jackets, 'lts and Koiind Jackets in.uio of
"vi'c'l. Linen Drilliiij;, Cloth, Alpacca, Kera
er, Doeskin, Ac, eve.
Particular care has been taken to procure the
. .tvifs' f.T .Vt'n and Bo's' Kumiiier Coals,
ni.iliioiis, VtMts, Ac, to which he would imito
ciul attention.
Fin nisliin (lotxis,
1-ie.tiniT of Shirts. ISlncW Uun1kirr.1t!efM, Ac.?
ol which ure ol'.'cre.l at the luuvil Posiilh
' 1'ricet, and as cheap as any other Clothing
re in the Union.
Vitents who desire Hoys' Clotiiiso are enr
'y iuiled to exaiii'me the Sto.-k.
'I'untry Storekeeper can be acconimojatcd ut
low rates.
CiF.DKfiK Cl'LIX.
1. Corner nf Semnd Market Sts Phila.
pril l!t. 1831. tf.
LIGHTNING RODS.
lw Pulwcriln'r has constructed a LIG1TT
Nl.Nd KOI) on true I'hiloeopliical priilci
b which buildings siioplied willi them ure
n-il pcrlV ctly secure agiiinnt destruction by
iin. 'I'he euiineclion and insulation of the
is well as the . reparation of the ground rod,
an entirely new plan, inakiin; a more per
c onductor than any heretofore in use.
,'i f asures have been taken to ueeure Letters
ri I :t. for the improvement.
J s ins desirous of seenrimr their lives nnd
,1 rty from destruction by li-,'hlnitiir, cull have
nUi ctors put up to their biiiMin-.is in the most
rtcA t and suhstauli.il manner, by applyiicr ei
r personally or by letter, to the underjiKiied,
Ihe following prices :
r 10 ft. with a yood irrr jilated point !ji 10,00
r -JO It. with fruli! plated point, phut
ia(i,,, H,S0
d twentv cents for everv ndditioiial foot over
v. " 'T. W. MACKliY.
lilton, Sept. B, 1S.M. ly.
lien's Condensed Reports of Penna-
b'ST Published, and for sale by the subscri
berthe teroitit Volume of Alden's Coo
rd Pennsylvania Keports, containing the
three volumes of Ycates' Kcpuits, and two
volumes of Binney's Reports. The first vol
nf Alden, containing Dallas' lteports, 4 vol
and Yeates' lteports, volume 1, is hIsooii
, und for sale. The above two volumes are
Ictn within themselves, and contain all of
h Reports, 4 volumes, and all of Y cites'
ts, 4 volumes, besides the two lirst volume
incy's Report. The third volume is ready
ill be put to press immediately.
11. U. MASfs'Klt, Agent,
ihury, Atij. lfi.
ATIONAI HOT!Ij,
SHAMOKIN,
irorthuinberland County, Pa.
! subscriber respectfully informs bis friends
d the public generally, that he has ojien
w Hotel in the town of Shainokin, Nor
rland county, on the comer of bhatnokin
mmeree streets, nearly opposite to the
ie fortnorly kept. He is well prepared to
odate hi guests, und is ulso provided
d stabling. He trusts his experience,
l ..tiRiition to tiuHincss. will induce por
ting the coal region to continue the lib
onage he has heretofore received.
WILLIAM WEAVER.
)kin, April 19, 1850. tf.
MES II. MAGEE
removed from his old Stand, No. 118
tie street, to
)Wltryn St., (bct'n Cal hill If IFifow,)
ha constantly on hand, '
WN STOUT, PORTER,
Ale nnd Cider, .
10ME CONSUMPTION OR SHIPPING. :
-Coloring, Bottling, Wire and Bottles,
ic. For sale ts above,
phis, April 12, 1851 ly.
j Mutual Insurance Company.
. MASHER U the local agent for the
Insurance Company, in Northumber
l, and is at all time ready to effect
asainst fira on real or personal Jiro
newing policies fur the same.
.April 26, 1851. tf.
areitu's celebrated ink, ant also Con
for sale, wholesale and retail by
r 58. 1850. H B MASSE R.
SJ5LKCT- POETRY.
MARCH.
By WILLIAM V. BRYANT.
The stormy March is come nt last,
Willi wind nnd clouds, nnd changing
dkies,
I hear I ho rushitia of the blast,
That lhrough Ihe snowy valley flies.
Ah, passinar few are they who speak,
Wild, slormy month I in praise of thee ;
Yet. i!ioii(!h thy winds ore lend utid bleak,
Thou utl a welcome month to me.
For Ihon, lo northern land.', apaiu
The "lad ami uloiions sun dost britio,
And ihon bust joined the penile train,
And wetu'sl ihe gentle name of Spiing.
And in thy reign of blast nnd storm,
Smiles inany a, Inns, tuiubt sunny day,
When the changed ' w itids ure soil nnd
warm,
And heaven puts on the blue of May.
Then sinp nlottd ihe gushing rill,
Ami the full spiinu from Host set free,
That, brightly leaping down the bills,
Aitt just et out to meet the sea.
The year's deparlina benuly hides
Of wintry htoiius the sullen threat ;
Bui in Ihv sternest frown abides
A look Of kiiully promise yet.
I Hot. br..ia'.t the nope ol .nose ca.m nines,
A ... I ii,,! tr.fi iiiiiH nf ioiiiiiv siuiwers.
. . - i . -1 . '
When Ihe wide liliunn, on earth I lint lies,
Seems of a brighter world than ours.
Z Skctcl).
THE BAZAARS OF CONSTANTINOPLE.
The finest bazaars in the world are at
Constantinople. Having visited those ol
Cairo and Damascus, and seen some that
were very curious in Syria, and made little
purchases in all, I can praise those of Statn
boul with a good grace. Like the Eastern
shops elsewhere, each article is sold in its
seperate quarter ; here jewels, there noth
ing hut shoes: here drus. there only fruit.
Each merchant has a very small slock, and j
bis oflice is in proportion, six feet by four; j
just room enough lor a row of shelves be-,
hind him, and space in front to lie down j
and sleep, pray or smoke. The Oriental j
fashion of smoking and drinking cofb'-e be-
lore the conclusion of a banr.iin is not i
thought of now, except for large purchasers, j tomb, and found a rascally nVrvish, whose
I never was offered the chilbouque by a "fuming" was quickly cooled down in the
shopkeeper in Constantinople, am) but . Bosphorus.
twice at Di-rnascus. But the peculiarity of A very strange Fort of cisb-rn is that
the Constantinople bazaars is, that they are i which bears Ihe name of "the thousand and
so well built ; and, instead of being covered j one columns," containing at preFent less than
with ragged mats, like those of Damascus, j half that number in an underground area,
or only here and there a grim arch, as at ; of two hundr-.-d and forty feet by two hun
Acre, the vast extent 'u covered with a i dred, occupied now by wretched-looking
solid stone root, arching over the ttreet for : title weavers not so naked, however, or
miles. From the main trunk run smaller ; sickly as the books declare. Every pari
ones, also arched, at right angles, and at in- ' of this structure marks the barbarous period
tervals occur the khans or lodging houses ! of nrl.
for strange merchants, and exchanges lor !
the wholesale trade. These bear the name
of some Sullan or Sultana by whom they ; ladies: so far from that, the principal gov
were buill, and are pretty nearly free to , eminent officers are included within its
the public. In these the storage room is of, walls, and you have perfectly free entrance
course larger, but not to compare with - as lar as the outer court. Near the over
what our own merchants require, and I j praised mosque ol St. Sophia is the "Sublime
found them everywhere dark dingy and I Porte," the outside gate ol the Palace, a
old. In Damascus the shops were framed I name now transferred to a stiff pile of state
of rough, unpainted wood, and the covers ; offices at a little distance; then on the
or shutters, which were locked every night, : right as one enters is a Pacha's palace, evi-
but never closed if the merchant only went :
to the mosque, were no better than the
commonest barn door in Connecticut. In
Constantinople, these were always finished
with neatness, with a low, carved balus-1
trade in front; the same idea very dihvi-
ently expressed. The most striking arti-
cles here were some Persian embroidered
int-nnoes nnd silks, which attracted much
notice at Ihe Loudon Exhibition. It struck
me there were fewer conveniences for
sleeping, and lewer still so pleasantly oc- :
copied, than in the oilier great Eastern
cities. The truth is, the almost daily arri-
val of steamers in the Golden Horn has '
sadly disturbed this Sleepy Hollow; has j
really excited many a quiet Mussulman ;
has made sad havoc in all his habits, good '
and bad, and made him familiar with cheat- '
iug in business, intemperance in drink, in-,
trigue and inhospilality. j
The slave matt, I have said, was nearly
closet!. My dragoman insisted upon it that
the vigorous efforts of the British Ambassa- '
dor had entirely swept it away. He has1
done all he could, and no single man could
do more. Long familiar with this court,
his tact, decision, energy, fearlessness, have
all but triumphed. Yet, in the old spot,
right under the most magnificent mosque
in the world, in a number of small apart
ments, were sundry sooty damsels and a
few white ones, very anxious to find a pur
chaser; and occasionally a Turk was ob
served studying Ihe hand and lorm, or mov
ing round the persons of the living mer
chandise. Being alone, excepting my timid
servant, which was worse than being quite
by myself, I could not discover much ;
only that these were the best dressed slaves
I had seen far bettpr than the almost na
ked things on the Nile; that they had the
mullled face like i urkisli ladies, were ex
ceedingly jocose, even to singing out to me
"Good, good," and desirous to "find a new
home" somewhere as soon as possible. I
aw no beauties among them those are
reserved for Sultans and Pachas; but none
so filthy and chimney-iweepish as at Cairo
and Assouan. ;
I was struck by the honesty of a mosque
servant close by. We were alone; I of
fered him several dollars just to enter the
sacred edifice, which was empty at that
moment. There can hardly be a doubt
that he was poor enough to be tempted :
but he would not yield; perhaps he said
with the apostle. "Tby gold perish with
thee." 1 had to be content with a distant
peep at the large, carpet-covered floor, god
the fine dome hanging wilh many lamps,
and remember bow many Turkish houses
of praytr I had already sent. For, willi
out a Sultan's finnan and janissary, what 1
ha I freely seen at Cairo was foibidden Irnit
hi-re. The peculiarities of the Constanti
nople mosques is not their size or aye, nor
their coslliness or peculiar sanctity. The
"Tnrrliouns" at Cairo is far 61di-r, antl the
S1. Omar at Jerusalem lar holier. Hut
these, besides having more domes nnd min
arets, have more spacious grounds, better
conveniences for l)uthinr, finer sepulchral
monuments, and larger colleges of priests.
One ol them is very remarkable for a pile
j tif chests and boxes of jewels and treasures,
j deposited by individuals lor safu keeping,
j which remain from century to century un
I touched, quite as secure in an open gallery
! of the plrce of daily prayer, as if guarded
I by all the bank vaults ol Christendom.
O . - C . I A- . o-1 I . .
rjnine 01 tne fountains or iMiieeis are verv
singular structures. Imagine a round mar
ble house, with large windows grated w ith
bronze, and men standing wilhin nil dav
long to pass fresh water to Ihe windows
each cup a present in lact from some pious
deceased person to the public. Sumelimes
! you ascend a flight ol marble steps, and
I suck the water from a little brass knob:
nnd often the overhanging roof, or the en
! tire building, is very fantastically tlecora
j ted. In a sultry land, and a genera! srnr-
city of water, there is a mercy in all this.
TIim eliirlinfi rlorelthoe Vurv imtirnnnrli,
' i, 1 1 1 1 i r 1 1 1 1 ii,
., , (llt)cin ( Spiri,
. . '
compared with the howling brethren of the
same name whom 1 had met in Egypt.
The cream of Ihe exercise was merely that
forty men, i- long but full woollen robes,
sailed round their circular hall to some mo
notonous music, bowing to their superior
once in each revolution, and receiving the
same civility in return. There was no re
ligious frenzy about it, nothing of Ihe mad
excitement I had witnessed before; the
whole affair was formal nnd stupid enough.
They had attended prayers at Ihe mosque
before, and generally have the Koran read
or recited afterwards, and profess to be still
a body of monkish ascetics, but are charged j
with being sad hypocrites, making only a !
cloak of their godliness. When fanaticism
expires, in a body like this, it is succeeded ,
by the worst kind of Phariseeis,m. A good !
story about the present Sultan is that, a ;
v"'te coming from a previous Sultan's j
t01"1'. saying, "1 burn," instead of praying !
"r prayers to get the poor fellow out of ;
tires of purgatory, h, tore open the i
The Seraglio is supposed by strangers to .
be merely the residence ol the Stihan's i
dentiy a gieat place of resort, hut a huge
pile ol meanness. Opposite lo it glands the
arsenal of ancient armor, once the church
of St. Irene; anil adjoining that some reil
tombs of an unknown antiquity, but placid
here by the lurk for sale keeping ; then
come thp mint and treasury. An ordinary
gateway leads to the palace proper, whose
grounds are tilled with trees and occupied
by buildings of every shape, the beautiful
or magnificent, erected by different Sul'ans,
according to ine caprice oi tne moment ;
an irregular and vast expanse (those say
who have visited it all,) ol kiosks, baths,
fountains, and cypress groves,
The common streets of Constantinople
are mean, filthy, nnd uninteresting in the
extreme : not named or numbered, nor laid
down upon maps, a stranger is absolutely
helpless ; and, as there are no lamps at
nights, and some danger of dogs, and nn
awkward leeling that you might be robbed
and murdered without anybody's knowing
it, and then the most miserable ol stone
pavements tostumble over, and a very raw,
unconifoi table wind from the lilat k Sea,
one may be pardoned for not liking Sam-
boul any too well. Byron says thnt "five
days out ol every seven you might d n
the climate, and complain of spb en at
at Constantinople." The never cleaned
streets, Ihe half-open graves, the extensive
burial grounds in lheciy, the extreme filth
of the greater part of the population and
the absence of suitable medical treatment,
more than explain the frequency of desease
and death.
To leave Constantinople and not mention
a bath would be unpardonable. Even the
smallest Oriental town is thus provided, and
the "queen citv" has over three hundred
for the public, besides many private ones for
the wealthy. The exterior is always un
promising. The first apartment to which
I was admitted was very lofty and spacious,
dome-lighled, and pierced with numerous
air holes. In recesses along the walls per
sons were reclining with sherbet antl the
chibouque, as if to recover from extreme
fatigue : a small cafe makes a corner of this
reception and dressing-room. A half-naked
fellow assists you to strip, ties up your
clothing in a seperate percel, and girding a
towel around your loins, and putting clogs
on your feet, leads you to the next warmer
apartement. Not familiar with the mystery
af pattens, I preferred to walk bare foot
over the warm marble, but actually fled
with terror Irom the inner apartement,
where the heat exceeded a hundred degrees,
os Fahrenheit. After a while, however,
imiilcrin; courag for the wor.t, I sv my
self up to a half-naked, chaven-headed
Turk, who laid me on my back, and watered
and soaped, and rubbed willi a hair-glove,
and bathed, till with the excessive perspi
ration I felt quitp dissolved. Then n while
napkin wai bound round the head, nnd a
dry linen around the Waist, and the ;ame
attendant led forth to'a lounge in the great
hall, with whatever refreshment 1 pleased
to order. After passing a fo'. of dreamy
half hour, to a Turk the hi'iest joy in ex
istence, 1 returned to in. lodgings in a
pai' oiled state, enervated and indolent,
unfit for work, and hardly lit for play,
freshly equipped with fleas, nnd quite un
moved to the customary cxtravigances
about the unequalled delights of the Turk
ish Bath. Jim. Whig Review.
, Tiirkats or 1'opf.bv.--An English Homnn
Catholic paper recommend throwing off all
disguise, which has hitherto been nsHimel
by papists, and appealing to physical force,
to sustain lb cattsu of Ihe Pope against the
Queen ; and enforces the recommendation
ng follows: "And be it remembered we
are no iiisijrniliennt body, but by far the
laigrst leligious community in ihe British
dominions. Let bulb English nnd dish
Catholic? and especially the Inlter, for the
game is in their own hands, if they ure only
true to ihemselves understand that Queen
Victoria is ihe most decide. 1 enemy of ten
millions of her subjects."
Purely this beast Imth horns ! But if
Home wishes lo hasten her sinking progress
she can go no surer way to woik than to
arouse tbu slumbering energies of English
Protestantism.
Man's Weak Part. In the course of a
book lately published in New York, entitled
the "Reveries of an old Maid," wc are told
that ihe weapons lo subdue man are not lo
be found in the libtury, but in the kitchen !
'The weakest pari of nn alligator is his
stomach. Man is nu alligator. Let Ihe
young wife fascinate her husband wilh a
leapol. Let her, so to speak, only biing
him into intoxication with that sweet
charmer, and make honeysuckles clamber
up the chair back, and grow nbont the leps
of his table let Ihe heanh rug be a betl of
heart's ease for hi feet in slippers, and the
wickedness of the natural enemy must die
in him.' What exoi I'eut wives some of
thesn old maids who wtile books would
make.
l.r.M' Ykar I'aiities Among the muny
unusual iucidenls attendant upon ihe nceui
retiee of leap year wus a huge party, which
ciimi! oiron Friday evening iu the Noiilieiu
Liberties. The idea ceemed to tickle the
gentlemen amazingly. The party was giv
en by Ihe ladies ; lho whole or.lcr of things
was reveised tho ladies, necoiding lo leap
year etiquette, being u-quiied lo do lite
agietable, and tli.j gentlemen lo occupy
lueir seau whilu lho lauies wue soliciting
the pleasure of their hands for the quadrille.
Tbo ladies acted their assumed part to ihe
life, and the whole uflair passed oil de
lightfully. Quite a number of ptu ties simi
lar to the above ate piojecled by the ladies.
Kki.ii.ioi s CiiAiiiTir.s in Massachusetts.
Tlie following voluu'ary" cuuii ibutinns
were made by the various it ligiotis denomi
nation in MassHchnsolls, for 1850 : Con
gregalifinaliets, 4204, !fa3 10 ; Baptists, S58,
300 49; Episcopalians, $28,808 83; Metho
dist, $13,130 ; others, Free-Will Baptists,
&o., i2AJl 27; total, S307.9D9 79 viz:
lor Fon-in Missions, fel27,fiG2 08; Home
do., S:ti2,477 81 ; Tmels, fe29,187 9 ; Bi
bles, 20,4-19.26; Educuiiuu for the Miuis
ny, $20,1111)3; ull other objects, 5f4,
814,65. .
Tin: Vi.TKit ix Ei nni'E. The winter,
which has been so severe here, lias been
very spring-like iu Europe. In Paris, at the
begiiiing of February, loses, lilacs, and hy
acinths filled the flower maiket. Accoid
iug lo advices fiom Ihe noitli, a milder sea
son has not been expetienced even as far
as Noiwny since lho cotriinenuement of
I lu; vt-ntiiiy.
RAii.noAns of New Vouk. Tho total
length of rail roads in ue on the 30th of
September Iat, was 171H miles, of which
422 miles were opened for travel during the
year, and 373$ miles are in various stages
cf proyicFS. The lettirns from all but six
companies show nn aggregate of ninety
persons killed, and forty-seven more or less
injured ; while of passengeis who were in
ihe cam, and iu thuir seals, as they should
have been, not one was killed, uml only
seven or eipht slightly bruised, out of n total
of over 8,000;00() of passengers.
A MonRiBi.B Accident has happened nt
Mayence,on the Khinu. A party of Austrian
sappets.'on leaving their work in the passages
under the foitificalions, locked in one of their
comradesby mistake On bis non-appearance
it was supposed he had deserted, and no
ei-nrch was made in the excavation. The
place was not opened until six days after"
wards', and the man was found still alive,
though he hed bitten the flesh off bis arms iu
hunger or madness. He died a few hours
ufterwards. "
Dauphim county contains 6,033 dwellings,
4,205 families, 17.471 while, males, 17,020
white females, 593 colored males, 669 col
ored females. Total population, 35,754.
Number of farms 1,956 ; manufacturing et
IttblUuraeuti 553. , , ,
Epitomi or FaewcH HisTony. Universal
suffering and vote by ballot.
POETRY.
From tlie Wavetly Mnanaiiie. . - - -
Ol II FAIlMKR OIRtSi. ;
Bit III A 1.0119 LITTLE.
Some mnv tulk of trill in the circles cay,
Where tlie gleaming lights on their jewels
I'lay i
But izivti me Ihe form of the farmer girls,
As the breezes sweep through their soft rich
cutis,
While over the meadows Ihey trip nlong,
Ami cheerily warble their morning song.
No midnight levels have invaded their
cheek,
Vor circled liv-ir eye wilh a sable sttenk,
Hut their forms e'rect in their beauty and
hi.-Mllh,
Are dearer by fur lhan the rich one's
wealth ;"
Then seek the love of thn farmer girl,
And wniily treasure the priceless pearl.
No fancies enaendered by wild romance,
Will steal from her eye its truthful glance,
Still forever the sanio as the years roll by,
And storm-cloud and tempest shall darken
your sky,
Still forever the same, nil loving nnd true,
She'll loyally cling, unchanging to your.
Then n hearty toasl to our Farmer Fair,
As they blithely tlanre in ihe evening nfr ;
O, Iheir ihimuhtrt are ull pure as the zephyrs
hat llnal
Away with ils burthen of lanehter notes :
Then drink their health iu the gloaming
gray, .
And merrily list to tho bird-like lay.
AX1AI.VL IIISTOHY.
HISTORY OF THE AMM.tL RACES.
The following i fiom Prof. Sillitnan's last
l"cinre before the Smithsonian Institute,
Washington City :
The histniy of the animal racp was re
sumed, nnd reference was again made lo the
discovery, some years since, of a few frag
ments of Ihe jaws of three very small mam
malian animals in tho quarry of Stonesfield
slale, near Oxford University. A species of
oppossum was identified, and if there be no
mistake (for the mutter occasioned grave dis
cussions) ihreo species of mammalia have
been made out bete in ihe lower member of
tho oolite formation. This is bringing down
tt.e introduction ol mammalia much lower
than had been before admitted ; for none had
been discovered below the eocene tertiary.
It remains 10 bo seen whether oiher mam
malia will be found to connect these points,
s:i distant both in stratigraphical and chrono
logical position.
The fossil cfj),'ics firimopenivs was next
named a magnificent elephantine animal,
equalling 01 sin passing in magnitude the lar
gest living elephants. From the abundant
and well-preserved remains found in numer
ous localities there can be no doubt that the
elephas primogenius was extensively dis
tributed both in the Western ami the Eastern
continent, ami especially iu the northern lati
tudes. A large fossil tooth of this animal was
exhibited Irom llig Bone Lick, in Kentucky,
and the sliucture in plales of enamel of ivory
passing through the looth vertically was
pointed out. and u!gi its peculiar adaptation
10 ihe pieseivation of life, by affording fiesh
cutting su 1 faces as the tooth is worn dow n by
mnsticalion.
A brief narrative and description were
given of tin) discovery of the fossil elephant
(ihe so called mammoth) on the coast of the
Northern Ocean, a liule, more lhan half a cen
tury ago lho animal had been pieserveu
in a natural ice house, being a bluff or bank
two hundred lo iwo hundred and fifty feet
high, composed of layers of clay and ice.
The progress of thawing caused the animal
lo fall upon ihe beach, where the fine tusks
of perfect ivory, nine or ten feet long, were
sawu oil by Ihe nomadic. Tuugussiau fisltei
men ; ami the skin, when pealed off, requir
ed many men lo lift il It was covered w ith
tine curly hair, nnd there were long hairs like
a mane. The lurks and skeleton were re
covered and sent to Si. Petersburg, where
they now are. The muscles of this ele
phant were sound nnd afforded a repast for
ihe dogg. Thus we learn thai the primitive
elephant of the boreal regions were provi
ded with protection against the cold, and
they could masticate even the harsh spines
of the evergreens, nnd, if necessary, they
could, iu winter migrate a few degrees fur
ther south in seaich of food ; the climate,
ulihuugh doubtless milder in those regions
than nt present, was cold enough to produce
ice, otherwise this animal would not have
been preserved.
Remains of the elephas primogenius are
found nil along those northern seas, and
river banks nnd islands, and the lucks form
a regular niticle of commetce. The lectur
er has seen them in the museums of Europe
in perfect preservation. This race of ele
phants have, ages ago, penciled from (be
earth ', and, if living now, they could uot
be susiained where Iheir remains ate found,
. The Rhinoceros has been found frozen in
Siberia. The mastodon was also widely
diffused, and in Ihe same countries wilh the
piimitive elephant; perhaps mete abundant
ly iu North America than on the Eastern
continent. From the skeletons several of
which were disinterred near Newburgh,
New York, by the late Mr. Peale, of Phila.
delphia, and reoenlly in Missouri and New
Jersey, have . afforded still , more perfeot
specimens, and all are now well acquainted
with the structure of Ibis truly elephantine
family. The skeleton , from New Jersey,
now in the possession of Dr. Warren, senior,
of Boston, is quite perfeot, and retains the
gelatine in lha banes. - ' ' ''
TJie mastoioii has teetb not furnished
with parallel plates of ivory like Ihe ele
phant, forming low transverse cutting edges
the teeth of the mastodon are constructed
in high tidges or processes, indicating great
crushing power ; nnd these ridges urn sub
divided crosswise into nipple-like points ;
whence ihe name imposed by Cuvicr. The
enamel of the tooth was only superficial,
forming a sheet of plating over lho proper
bone, and therefore it was liable to be woin
through bv mastication, so that in old indi
viduals it was often worn down to the den
tine. Teeth of the mastodon were exhibited,
and in one specimen the enamel had parted
entire from tho looth, nnd presented concav
ities below corresponding to the ridges and
points nbove. These specimens also were
obtained from Big Bono Lick, a saline marsh
to which the wild animals were attracted by
the sal!, nnd probably become mired.
Dr. Kaup, al Hesse Darmstandt, assured
the lecturer that the remains of tho masto
don found in Germany were much larger
than those found in North Ameican, nnd in
dicated an animal eighteen feet high and
twenty feet long.
The tertiary strata of the eastern fianes of
the Himalaya Mountains, which rise two lo
Ihree thousand feet, abound with fossils, and
some of them ate of a very remarkable
character. The aivatherium was almost as
large as the elephant. It was a ruminant,
nnd the only ono known that was furnished
wilh a proboscis ; it had four boms, nnd in
form resembled the ghun, or the African an
telope. As the lecturer stood by the skele
ton of this animal he reached only to the
top of its limbs.
An immense tortoise is also found there.
Tho largest measured eighteen feet across
the carapace, and was seven feet high J
Here also were found the remains of the
mastodon, elephnnt, hippopotamus, horse,
rhinoceros, giraffe, boas, antelope, siruthe
ons birds, fishes, gravials, crocodiles, enrni
vora, nnd monkeys. Wherever the stteams
cut through ihe tertiary, fossil bones are
found.
The fossilized animals of South America
were stated to be very peculiar, and, iu
general have a resemblance lo lho animals
now living in that continent, but were much
larger. The glyptodon may be regarded as
a gigantic armadillo ; it was covered wilh a
complete coat of mail.
The catecea, the whales, nnd marine ani
mals of a similar character do not appear in
Ihe fossil state until the era of the terrestial
animals. Being warm blooded, vivaprnus,
nnd bieulhing the air wilh lungs, they may
be regarded as lerrestials in lho water. The
lecturer haa seen lha skeletons of large 1
whales in Italy taken iu the interior of the
country. Similar facts exist in Scotland
and other countries. The zyglodon of Ala- I
bama exists in that couutty in lho fossil
stale, in great abundance ; ihe vetlibiic are
so large as to resemble logs of wood, and
nre used by the negroes as backlogs for
their fires.
Il is obvious that lower Alabama, which
is every w here replete wilh marine fossils
visible all along ihe banks ol ihe rivers,
was once occupied, when il was under the
ocean, with innumerable, cetaceans, of the
whale family, indeed, but dilieiing from all
modern whales, and among other particulars
iu the form of Ihe toolh, which was ure lied
like a yoke, and hencs the name.
The quadrumana appears lo form, in their
strncluie, u natural transition to man. They
ure brutes notwithstanding their almost hu
man form, und man rises infinitely ubove
llietn in his intellectual and moral power,
and in his responsibility fur u future life.
Man, ihen, is found nowhere fossil except
in the superficial deposites, and he is found
by geology just where he is placed by tho I
history in the Genesis.
Sleeping North and South. It is con
tended by scientific writers that to sleep
sound at night, and be freed from nil ner
vous disturbances, one must place his
bed with the foot to Ihe Soulh, und the bead
due North.
M.. r 1 r. .1.:.
ine reason nssi'iicu iui hub is huh lhmu
the earth and the humnn body, are ulike
mugiicfs, and that when the body is laid out
due North and South, wilh the head North,
the magnetic currents of the earth and tho
body will harmonize. It is an easy matter
to mnke the experiment. We have heard
men say, recently, who have tried it, that
the doctrine is sound, and that there is some
thing in the theory.
Free Gospel The Louisville Examiner
tells a slory of a church member who bad al
ways been more iemarkable for opening his
mouth to say amen than for opening his
purse. On one occasion, after a burst of
burning eloquence from the preacher, he
olapped his hands and cried out in a kind of
eoatacy "Yes, thank God! I have been a
Methodist iwenly-five years and it never cost
me twenty-five cents." 'God bless your
stingy soul," cried Ihe preacher.
From ihe Catholio Almanao for 1832, we
learn that there are iu Ihe whole United
Slates, 6 archbishops, 2fi bishops, 1385
priests, 1411 churches, and a Caiholio popu
lation of 1,880,000 which includes 115,000
in Oregon, lha California, New Mexico, and
the Indian Territory. In Engluud and Stot
land there are 694 churches and chapels and
78 priests, and in Ireland 2205 churches
and 2252 priests. '
Fatsii Shad sol! in Baltimore at S I to $V
25 per pair.
KOSSI'TII AT II OMR.
An intelligent and unprejudiced English
gentleman, Mr. Spencer has just published a
volume of travels in Euiopean Tuikey nnd in
Hungary, tii lhat work, speaking from his
own personal observation, he says lhat
"Iu every foicn, village, or hamlet through
out the land, whether inhabited by Hunga
rian, Seulvoiiiait, or Wallachian, a cry of
vengeance ami lho namo of Louis Kossuth
trembles on every lip the guardian angel,
v. ho is to deliver them from Ihe Ihialdorr. of
Austrian bureau-ocraey, matlial law, multi
plied taxes, and all the chicanery of a host
of needy German placemen, lording il over
them in lho harsh tones of a language with
which they are unacquainted.
"Evuji the Bin Jellaehich, otherwise a
most estimable man iu piivato life, so re.
cently the hern of lho Croatian, is now de.
nounced by bis own countrymen as a traitor;
nnd Rajnehich, the Martial patrintch of lha
Vornvodiu of lho Servians, as a Russian sa
trap; while ihe name of Goigey w ho sold
his country has already become a by-word
and a reproach omong ull classes of the popu
lation. "The inhabitnnls of Western Europe, with
u'l Iheir cares nnd worldly occupations, can
form 110 idea of lho excitement of this people,
who, infuriated by recent disasters, have di
rected Iheir every thought nnd energy to the
menus of again wresting their country from
the grasp of the Austrian slrnnger. The fair
sex even outvie the men In Iheir enthusiasm,
nnd truly wo cannot but admire the patience
of the poor Austrian soldier, who has to en
dure scolfnnd taunt from lips us beautiful as
ever smiled on man.
''In all the latgo towns wo behold multi
tudes of these lovely Amazon., in the deep
est mourning, fulfilling iheir oath never toea$t
it off until Ilitnaary is aain independent ;
others wearing the national colors in tha va
rious nrticles of their dress, to manifest at the
samo time their patriotism and contempt for
the rule of the Austrian, antl all are decora
led with bracelets nnd necklaces made from
lho coins isned during the government of
Louis Kossuth."
The Japan Expedition. Much activity
now prevails in some of the departments of
tha U. S. Navy Yard, at this place, in pre
paring tlie big Perry and storeship Supply
for this expedition. Workmen aie employ
ed until near midnight upon both of these
vessels, as also upon ihe outfits of the steam
fiigaie Mississippi. This last named vessel
is now nt Philadelphia, having her machi
nery thoroughly overhauled and repaired ;
ull her other work is to bo done here. She
is intended for the flag ship of Commodore
Perry. In addition to lho usual complement
of small arms, she will be provided with
120 stands of muskets, and ihe same num
ber each, of pistols, cutlasses, &c. ; she will
take an t- , i: a I number extra for the steam
frigate Susquehanna, now iu those seas and
which is to form one of theSjquadron. The
Mississippi will also lake wilh her a park of
twelve 21 lb. howeitzers. As all despatch
is oidered to be used in making these pre
parations, it is expected that tho expedition
will soon be ready lor sailing.
It is said that Lieutenant Arthur Sinclair
has been ordered lo the command of tha
Supply.
The fiigaie Macedonia, which has been
razeed and tilinost rebuilt has just been re
moved from the dry dock. Her battery will
consist of Iwo 10 inch, and twenty 8 inch
guns. Her destination is at present un
know. X. Y. Jour, of Com.
California Gold kor 1851. The entire
yield of California for 1851, is estimated at
75,000,000.. The amount of gold by the
El Doradn, the last steamer with gold,
added lo the previous arrivals, makes an ag
gregate of S7,O25,'J00 since 1st January, and
including the deposits at New Orleans, in
January, makes an nggregale of 7,705,000.
The exports in lho meantime have been $5,
042.000, leaving a balance in favor of lho
country of 82,663,000
CiucAiio is the mosi rapid growing city in
tho Western count!)'. Il has now a popula
tion of 40,000, (although but 2S,000 in
lS.'il).) and real estate is selling at Lighter
prices than can be obtained uny where else.
Ils supremacy as the great metropolis of the
West, will uot bu long a matter of dispute.
Ellen. "Oh, do:i't tease me lo-day,
Charley ; I'm not ot all well !" Charley.
(Twelve yeais old. A Man of the World.)
'I lei! you what it is, you ure in love !
Now, you lake the advice of a fellow who
has seen a good deal of that sort of thing
und don't give way to it !"
At the Franconia Notch in ihe While
Mountains recently, the memory fell to
"thirty-two degtees below isero." So says,
ul least, a correspondent of Ihe Boston Tran
script. Talkino about women voting, the Burling
ton Sentinel says: Cradles are the ballot
boxes for women, in which they should de
posit, not votes, but voters. That makes a
Warwick of every mother of 'cm
Ninktv persons were killej and forty
wounded by railway accident in the Slat
of New York during the past year. Not
one was killed in his seat.
Mrs. Partington nominate poor old
General Debility, us hei military candidate
for the next Presidency. a . , .
Tug people oi Ih United Slates 'eat,
every your, thirty. Iwu millions of pounds p(
maple sngar.