4 :
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i. v ; ; .
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June 16, 1849,-
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, CHANT,
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M.k, Imported to older from London:
pbiladeliihla, Juue, lbltt y
1 CTE.A'Tr SOITITET
tf itAT MANUFACTORY,
tit. 10 iforth Second trtet, opposite the
Madisoti House.
FtflftE auhaciitierl would call (he rftti-ntion of
JL Country MerchanU and Milliners to their e
tensive ' assoTtnteirt of faahionahle HrRMo Ann
SDMMKaBoaatTS Asa Hats of the newest sty lea.
Also, a large sod general aasortinent of French
and American Artificial Flowera, Rihbons, Crown
Linings, Oil Kilk, Wire, Quillings, lluckrarn, &c,
arhich they oiler at prices that defy competition.
Ji.fi. Palm Leaf JI,atahy tho cae or dozen.
W, M. Ai J. E. MAULL,
jBufWr d Uat Manufacturera,
.. SO North 2d street.
fhiWelpUi Jun , U49,
TEAS, from Hie Near York Canton and Pekin
Tea Company. For tale by
J. W. KrlJfiG.
ffatm-, Bsc. t, 1141
SELECT POETRY
THE DREADER. ..
The following remarkable lines ere form
a rolnme of "Poems by a Seamstress," and
are said to be truly the productions of a poor
English Girl. They are indeed beautiful,
and, under the circumstances, thoroughly and
thoughtfully appropriats :
, . i
Not in the laughing tawers, -Where,
by green twining elms, a pleasant
shade
At Summer' noon is made :
And where swift-footed hours
Steal the rich breath ot the enamored
flowers,
Dream 1. Nor where the golden glories be,
At sunset, laving o'er the Ilowing sea;
And to pure eyes the faculty is given
To trace a smooth ascent fftm Earth to Hea
ven. . , ..
Not on the couch of ease, .
With nil the appliance of joy at hand
Soft light, sweet fragrance, beauty at com?
mand : .
Viands that might a god-like palate please,
And Music's ftoul-creative ecstacies,
Dream 1. Nor gloating o'er a wild estate,
Till the full, self-complacent heart elate
Well satisfied with bliss of mortal birth,
Sighs for an immortality on Earth.
flut where the incessant din
Of iron hands, and roars of brazen throats,
Join their utiminglod notes,
While the long Summer day is pouring in,
Till day ib gone, and darkness Joes begin,
Dream I as in the corner where I lie, '
On wintry nights, just covered from the sky.
Such is my fate and, barren through it seem.
Yet, thou blind, soulless scornct, yet I dream!
And, yet I dream'
Dream whal, were men mora just, I might
have been
How strong, how fair, how kindly and serene
Glowing of heart, and glorious of mien,
The conscious Crown lo Nature' blissful
, . scene ;
f ii just and emial brotherhood to glean,
With all mankind, exhaustlcss pleasure keen
Such is my dream'.
And yet, 1 dream
I, the duspised of fortune, lift mine eye,
Bright wilh the lustre of integrity, ;
In unappealing wretchedness, on high, .
And the last rage of Destiny defy:
Resolved alone io live alone to die, -
"Nor swell tho tide of human misery.
And yet I dream
Dream of a Sleep, where dreams nb more
shall come,
My last, mv first, mv nnlv welnnmn lnm !
Rest unbeheld since Life's beginning SVogte,
Sole remnant of my glorious Heritage,
Unalienable, I shall rind thee yet,
And in thy soft embrace, the past forget.
Thus do I dream.
eqcn&i
t Writteu for the American.
A LEGEND OF FORT AU0IT8TA
BV EFFIE.'
There is a liule town, hiding like a fright
ened bird among the mountains, just below
tha junclidtt of the North and West branches
of the Susquehanna.
In its summer glory, it is one of the lov
liest spots in the valley ; but a dreamlike re
pose has characterized it since its first founda
tion. The whispering of the wind, as it
sweeps through the trees" turning the silver
linings of the leaves to the light, and the
murmur of the broad river gliding past, are
often for hours the only sounds that break
the strange silliness.
Yet each glen and hill has lis legend ; and
every child who has gathered flowers in its
cool woods, or lingered by the "Bloody
Spring," in his rambles, has listened to the
story of tho sufferings of tha earlier settlers,
until the laugh upon his bright lip was hurdl
ed and his glad eye grew wild with affright,
There is a point cf Ihe mountain opposite
the village, jutting out like the eyre of an
eagle-, well known to the) lovers ol tha pic
turesque. ll is free of IreeSj and commands
an extensive new of tho valley, but a mourn
ful tragedy which occurred here gives Ilia
spot a deeper iiltereCt.
Years ago, tall trees Ihrevr their dark sha
dows upon Ihe river, and the autumnal leaves
mingled like the folds of a gay banner with
its foam wreathes, and a Fort to protect the
settlers from Ihe incursions of the Indians
st Or) J Hear It, like a grim sentinel in arms.
Withia the fort, a little white cottage nestled
liked a snow flake ; ffdm the opeti window
the souild of childish laughter stole; and the
carol of a bird upon the nearest boujh ruing
ling wilh it, filled the air with melody, while
a shower of blossoms bad fluttered into Iba
room and lay like clusteri of rubies upon the
carpet.
Two boys sat in I ho centre of the apart
ment amid a pile of cushions, the youngest
in his pale spiritual loveliness seemed a bean
..p i .j.j .i i ... . .
urui ataiue, trie long lasuer reeled upon
i i i i t .
cnecKS coioness as maibie, uis arms were
wound around Ihe neck of a noble greyhound
and hit long fair hair falling in a sunny cloud
over his dark tunic, (wined like a crown
found the head of lha sleeping dog: The
eldest sat in the full glare ' of lha light: hi
small hands vfating to and fid in ihe sun
beaml, while a low musical laugh trembled
on parted lips;
-A tall pale woman sat near tha Small rose
wreathed vtlriifoV, her fcro'wn hair Smoothly
parted under her widow's cap; the garment
she was fashioning had fallen from her bands,
and her eyes grew bright with tears' as she
kept her loving vigil ovef her l'eefdtifdl chil-
dren.
They were grouped thus whan a young girl
timidly entered the room, and kneeling by
tho boys, wound her arm around them, hiding
hef faee among their curl, as if to conceal
from har Mother's gaze the troubled light
that gleamed in her glorious dark eyes, and
the crimson flush on her round cheeks.
Months before a handsome, .but depraved,
maii had boen added to the garrison of the
Fort, and attracted by lha extreme beauty of
Sybel Gray, he had left no art untried to
win her love. Immured like a veslal nun in
thefeiooiriy fort, she twn learned' to' listen
for the musio. of his. footsteps, lo tremble
when his whispered wt.. Is fell as a spell upon
her, and thoDgb the prudent Mother fathom
ing at once bis character, had forbidden all
intercourse with the handsome stranger, not
a day passed, as the last gleam nf sunttt
trembled on the hills, that her daughter failed
lo seek shadow of an old chesnut Iree below
the Fort, which they had chosen for their
meeting place. , "
. That afternoon, ere she sought her Mother's
presence, with the couscionshinss of guilt pres
sing down her pure eyelids, she had consen
ted lo leave forever the quiet nook which had
sheltered her childhood, wilh one who had
fled Trom his native land to he wilds of Ame
ricalo escape the gallows, and who, now
grown weary of the monotonous life of Ihe
fort had resolved to escape with his fair vie-
im. The utmost secrecy was necessary;
Sybel had grown to girlhood the lJol of the
garrison, a gleam of sunshine illuming their
rude home, and the roughest among them
would have periled, life to shield her from
harm. ... . . ,, j
Long after the moonlight cast broad bars
of silver-light over tho little collage, Mrs.
Gray strove to. free the spirit of her child
from the unholy influences that were shadow
ing it; and, though, Sybel's lace grew pallid
with agony, the tears lay like crushed pearls
beneath her long lashes, and the small hands
trembled like the wings of a wounded bird,
she had promised to silence foreve", the love
which was even then murmuring like fairy
ells in every recess of her throbbing heart
having pressed her go'dd-night kiss upon her
mother's forehead she sought her chamber
The cool night air toyed with the light
curtains which shaded the window seats
gleams of pale light fell over ht antique
chairs and the little bed with its pure white
drapery, her? falling on her knees the weep
ing girl prayed for strength to resist tempta
tion. Long and fervently her soft voice arose
until the bowed head was raised and the
tearful eyes glowed wilh holy fervor; but
even while she prayed, a low warble like the
faintest trill of bird music, arrested the plead
ing words upon her lips, and spread a bright
glow over her pale faae and neck. One mo
ment of irresolution, ona short struggle with
the thronging memorios of childhood lhat
pressed like a chain upon her, and alio had
thrown a cloak around her slight form, elided
like a spirit down the narrow staircase, and
sAobd for the Inst iltne upon tha threshold,
gazing upon the peaceful home of her child
hood.
Tha branches of the old trees waved to
and fro in the dim light, ihe breeze parting
her clustering hair, swept o(T in dirge-like
tones through the arcades of the forest; a rose
tree clung lo Ihe lattice hear her, and its
pale leaves fell lik'f a coronal of pearls around
her head. What a train of sweet emotions
those fair petals awaken ! how often had she
twined its buds amid her tresses, or wound
them in garlands round her baby brothers,
and laying her hand upon the slight lutch,
she would have stolen to her Mother's bosom,
when her lover's signal again trembled on the
ir, and emciging from the shadow of the'
wall, he gathered back the lonj curls that
shadowed her like a pall and bore hei stealthi
ly lo Ihe river's edpS.
A little boat rose and fell like a wild bird
wilh the waves arid placing the trembling
girl in it thev were soon afloat on the broad
river. Sybel sat watching the wake of the light
bark whioh seemed, as the moonlight fell
upon it like a chain of brilliant, and, as it
lengthened and the fort became indistinct In
the distance, self reproach started up; like a
hideous speclre, in her hitherto happy heart,
but the prow of the boat striking against tho
opposite bank, warned lief that repentance
came too late, and changed for a time the
current of har thoughts.
They had gained the rock before mention.
ad and found one awaiting them, whom for
the time was invested with the dignity of
chaplain. It was a strange bridal for ona so
geulle. . A torch held by the bridegroom to
enable the clergyman 10 road Ihe service,
with which even to die. unsuspecting Sybel
he appeared strangely unfamiliar, threw fit
ful g'eams of light over the trees behind
them, and a bird they had startled, fluttered
round uttering iridtirnful cries':
Yet Ihe voice of the maiden was clear and
firm as she repeated the beautiful marriage
service, and confiding happy light tremble in
her downcast eyes, when a slight crash drew
their attention to I tie trees behind them,
where lliey saw a hundred savage eyes gleam
ing upon them from among lha leaves, and a
score of tomahawks flashed like circles, of
Mania around their heads.
When Sybel. awoke, from the death-like
swoon into which terror had thrown her, the
sun was brightening the tops of tha forest trees.
the twittering of bif da, and the sound of falling
waters mingled their light harmony, dusky
forms were gliding around, and a beantifuj
Indian cirl was bathing her temples, and
chafing her col J hands. She was a captive of
tha Delawares, and tha scalp of her lover
hung as trophy at the lodge of the chief.
Days anJ months passed! wearily away, and!
under tha vigilanca of ber Watchful keepers
scape was impossible. Gradually the mourn
ful light in her dark eyes grew wild like the
gleam in the fierce eyes of a crtged eagle,
the flush on her sunken cheeks rivaled the
hue in tha heart of a wild rose, and her mind
became shattered by the anguish w hich was
pressing out her young life.
She would sit for hours ill the deepest
shade of the thick tree?, twining flower in
her neglected hair, and chanting plaintive
songs, or conversing in low thrilling whispers
with the spirits she immagined surrounded
er. .'
Years glided away, the old fort had been
torn down, the cotlngo it sheltered surround
ed by a neat paling, Mis. Gray slept in the
quiet grave yard, whose white stones could
be seen from Hie collage door, and the slight
delicate boys had grown lo vigorous man
hood. . '
One clear bright morning, a party of hun
ters toiling up the mountain, chanced to rest
on a rock which projected boldly from its
summit, tha stoutest heart grew faint at the
mournful scene before them, the slight form
of Sybel Gray lay at their feet between two
skeletons, tho thin spiritual face upturned,
the small mocasined feet torn and bleeding
from ion!z travel, and the faded hair braided
with pala flowers as if for a bridal. ,
Sunbury, March, 1850. r
Select vEalc.
THE DANDIES REBUKED (
' '''' OR,
T HE OLD 8 U R TOUTi'
I had takijn a place on the top of one of
the coaches which run between Edinburg
and Glasgow, for the purpose of commenc-
ins a short tour in the highlands of Scot
land. As we rattled along Prince street, I
had leisure to survey my fellow-travellers.
Immediately opposite to me. sat two dail
ies of the hrst order, dressed in white
great-coats and Belcher handkerchiefs, and
each with a cigar in his mouth, which
they puffed away with a marvellous com
placency; Ueside me sat a modest and comely
young woman in a widow's dres?, with an
niani auoui nine monins old in ner arms.
The appearance of the youthful mourner
and her babe indicated that they belonged
to the lower class of society; and although
the bandies occasionally cast a rude glance
at the mother, the look of calm and settled
sorrow Which she invariably, at such times,
cast upon her child, seemed to touch even
them and to disarm their coarseness.
On the other side of the widow, sat a
young gentleman of plain, yet prepossessing
exterior, who seemed especially to attract
the notice of the dandies-. His surtout was
not absolutely thread-bare, but St had evi-
ently endured more than one season,
and I could perceive many contempt
uous looks thrown upbrt it by the gen
tlemen io' Belcher handkerchiefs-. The
young gentlemen carried a small portman
teau in Ins hand so small, indeed, that it
could not possibly have contained moire
than a change of linen; This article also
appeared ta arrest the eyes of the sprigs of
lash ton opposite, whose wardrobes, in all
probability, were more voluminous; whe
ther they were paid for or not, might be
another question.
1 he coach having Stoptied at the village
of Corstophine, for the purpose of taking
up an msde passenger; the guard, observ
ing mat tne young gentleman carried ri is
portmanteau in his hand, risked leave to
put. it in the boot, to which he immediately
conseuted.
"Put it fairly into the centre guard,"
said one of the dandies,
"Why, so; Toirt 1" Inquired his compan
ion
"It may capsiae the coach," rejoined
the first; a sallV at which both indulged
in a burst of laughter; but of which the
owner of the portmanteau, though the
blood mounted slightly into his cheek, took
no notice whatever,
While we were changing horses at the
little town ol Uphall, an aged beggar at
proached and held out his bat for alms.
The dandies looked at him with scorn.
gave him a lew half-peuccj and the young
widow, poor as she seemed, was about to do
the same, wlietl the young gentleman in the
surtout laid his hand gently on her arm
and dropping a half-crown in the beggar's
hat, made a nlgn lot- him to depart. Th
dandies looked at each .other.
"Showing off, Jack," said one.
"Ay, ay, successful at our last benefit
you know; rejoined thq ct,her; tlnd both
again burst into a horse laugh.
, At this allusion ta hit supposed profes
sion, the blood again mounted into the
young gentleman's check, but it was only
lor a moment, and lie continued silent.
We hdu nol left Uphall many mile's be
hind us, when the wnut began to rise, and
the gathering clouds indicated an approach
ing shower. The dandies began to pre
pare their Umbrellas; and the young gen
tleman in the surtoui, survey ing the dres
of the widow, and perceiving that she was
but uidiflerently provided against a change
of wheather, inquired of the guard if the
coach was full inside. Being answered in
the afhrmalive, he addressed, tile mourner
in a lone of sympathy ; told her there was
every appearance of a smart shower; ex
pressed his regret that she could pot be
taken into the coach;, and concluded by
oner.ing her the use ot his cloak
"It will protect you so lar, said ha, ."and
at all events; it will project the baby"
The widow thanked him in a inodtst ami
respectful manner, anil said that, for the
sake of the injant, she would be glad to
have the cloak, if he would not suffer for
the vant of it himself.
Ha answered her that he should not, be-'
ing accustomed to all kinds of weather,
"His surtout won't spoil." said one of the
dandies, in voice ot affected tenderness,
"and besides, my dear, the cloak will hold
you both." '-
The young gentlemen, turning quickly
around, nddrenied the speaker in a tone of
dignity which I shall never forget ; .,
"I am not naturally quarrelsome, sir;
but yet it is quite possible you may provoke
me too far." .,' . 1 ,
" Both the exquisites turned as pale as
death shrunk in spite of themselves into
their natural insignificance ; and they
scarcely opened their lips, even to each
other, during the remainder of the journey.
in the meantime, tha young gentleman,
with, the same politeness and delicacy, as if
he had been assisting a lady of qu'" with
er shawl, proceeded to Wrap I . w
and her baby in his cloak. He hav-naruiy
accomplished this, when a smart shower of
rain, mingled wan hail, commenced.
Being myself provided with a cloak, the
cape of which was sufficiently large to en
velope and protect my head. 1 offered the
young gentleman my umbrella, which he
readily accepted; but held it, as I remarked,
in a manner better calculated to defend the
widow than himself.
When we reached West Craig's Inn, the
second stage from Edinburgh, the rain ceas
ed, and the young gentleman, politely re-
urning me my umbrella, began to relieve
the widow of his dripping cloak, which he
shook over the side of the Coach, and after
wards hung it on the raiding to dry.
hen turning to the young widow, he in
quired if she. would take any refreshment,
and upon her answering in the negative, he
proceeded to enter into conversation with
her as follows r ' "'
"Do you travel far on this road, ma'am 1"
"About sixteen miles farther, sir. . I leave
tlie coach about six miles ori the other side
of Airdrie." "
"Do your friends dwell hereabouts?"
"Yes sir ; they do. I am on the way to
my father's house."
"loyour lather's?".
"Yes, sir," said the , poor woman, raising
her handkerchief to her eyes and sobbing
audibly ; I am returning to him a discon
solate widow, after a short absence of two
yenrs."
"Is ynur father in good circumstances?"
"He will never suffer tne or my baby to
want, sir, while he has strength lo labor for
us; but he is himself in poverty a day-
laborer on the estate of the Earl of II ."
At the mention ol this nobleman's name
the young gentleman colored a little ; but
it was evident that his emotion was not of
an unpleasant nature.
"W hat is yoilr father's name?" said be.
"James Anderson, sir."
"And his residence ?"
"Blinkbonny."
"Well, I trust, that though desolate, so
far as this world is concerned, you know
something of Him who is the Father of the
fatherless, 2id the Judge of the widow. If
so, your Maker is your husband, and the
Lord of Hosts is his name."
"Oh, yes: I bless Cod, that through a
pious parent's care, I know something of
the power of Divine grace, and the conso
lations of the dospel. My husband, too,
though a tradesman, was a man who feared
God above many."
"Ihe remembrance of that must tend
much to alleviate your sorrow."
"It does, indeed, sir. at times : but at
other limes I am ready to sink. My father's
poverty and advancing age, my baby's
helplessness, and my own delicate health
are frequently too much for my feeble
lattli."
"Trust in God: and he will provide for
you; be assured he will."
By this time the cdacn was again in mo
tion: and though the conversation contin
ued for some time, the noise of the wheels
prevented me from hearing it distinctly
I could see the dandies, however, exchange
looks with one another ; and at one time
the more forward of the two whispered
something to his companion, in which the
words "Methodist parson" alone were audi
ble.
"At Ahdrie nothing particular occurred
when we got about halfway between that
town and Glasgow, we arrived at a cross
road; where the widow expressed a wish to
be set down. 1 he youn gentleman, there
fore, desired the' driver lo eton; and spring
ing hlrrirelf from the coach, took .the infiliit
in Ins arms, and then, along with the guard
assisted her to descend."
"May God reward yauf said brie, as he
returned the baby to her, "for your kind-
.. . .i i j.'j -..I 1.--.I.:. .1 ,
ness to me wuiow anu muteness mis uay.
"And may he bless you," replied he,
"with all spiritual consolation itl Chris
Jesus !"
So saying, he slipped something into her
hand; the widow opened it instinctively
I saw two sovereigns glitter on her palm
she dfofped a tear upon the money, and
turned round to thank her benefactor;
he had already resumed his seat upon the
coach. She rast upon him an eloquent
and grateful look pressed her infant con
vulsively to lift uosoiii aim wan iiuimiuijt
away;
No other passengers wishing lo alight at
the same place, we were soon again in
rapid motion towards the great emporium
ot the west of Scotland. Not a word was
spoken. The young gentleman sat with
his arms crossed upon his breast ; and, if
might judge, by the expression of his coun
tenance, was evidently revolving some
scheme of benevolence in his mind. 1 he
dandies regarded him with, amazement.
They also Md etn; the gold to the poor
widow's hand, and seemed lo tbiuk that
there was more tinder that shabby surtout
than their "puppy brains" could easily con
jecture. That in this they were right,' was
speedily made manifest.
When we, bad entered Glasgow, and
were approaching the Buck's Head, th
Inn at which our conveyance was to stop.
an open travelling carriage, rrawn by four
beautiful horses, drove up in an opposite
direction. The elegance of this equipage
made the dandies spring lo their feet.
"What beaiAiful greys!" cried one; "I
wonder wno tney can Deiong iot -.,n.
. t en L i 5
"He ii a happy fellow, any how," re
plied tho other. "I would give hill of
Yorkshire to call them mine."
The stage-coach and the travelling car
riage stopped at tha Buck's Head at the
same moment, and a footman in laced live
ry, springing from behind the latter, looked
first inside, and then at the top of the for
mer, when he lifted his hat with a Smile of
respectful recognition :
"Are you all well at the castle, Robert?"
"All well, my lord," replied the foot
man. .
At tlie Sound of that monosyllable, the
faces of the exquisites became visibly elon
gated ; but without taking the smallest no
tice of them or their confusion, the noble
bleman politely wished me good morning,
and descending from the coach, caused the
footman to place, his cloak and despised
portmanteau in the carriage. He then
stepped into it himself, and the footman get
ting up behind, the coachman touched the
eader very slightly with bis whip, tne
equipage, and its noble owner were soon
out of sight. '
"Pray, what nobleman is that ?" said one
of the dandies to the landlord, as we enter
ed the Inn.
"The Earl of H , sir," replied the
landlord ; "one of the best men, as well as
the richest in Scotland."
"The Earl of II !" repeated the
dandy, turning to his companion ; "what
asses we have been ! There's an end of all
chance of being allowed to shoot on his
estate."
"Oh, yes! we may burn our letters of
introduction when we please," rejoined his
tompanion ; and silently and crest-iaiien,
both walked up stairs to their apartment.
iUaoIjington SCcuj
5.
CONGRESSIONAL.
Senate Mr. It cbsters Speech on the Slavery
Question Mr. Culhoun's Reply House
The Report of the Tatcnt Office -Mr. Hil
UartVs Personal Explanation Mr. Stanly's
Reply Mr. Stevens Mr. Stanton, (fe.
Washington March 7, 1850.
As soon as the doors were opened this
morning, the ladies filled every available po
siliod on the floor of the Chamber, and every
avenne leading thereto was crowded wilh
anxious aspirants for similiar favors.
The Vice President stated the first business
before the Senate to be Mr. Clay's compro
mise resolutions, on which Mr. Walker had
the floor. ,
Mr. Walker briefly etated that the vast as
sembly which filled the Senate Chamber had
come to hear the Senator from Mansachusella
and stated that he would cheerfully give way
to Mr. Webster. ,
Mr. Webster rose and after expressing his
obligations to Mr. Walker and toMr. Sewardr
for having yielded the floor to him, proceeded
to address the Senate. He rose, he said, no1
as a Southern man or a Northern man, but as
an American. He hoped todischarge his du
ty with fidelity, and with the trust, that Ihe
storm which was now raging in the land
would be lulled. He spoke for the preser
vation of the Union with ah anxious heart
for tho restoration of that quiet and harmony
so necessary to iho prosperity and happiness
of tho country. These were his objects, and
if he could do ever so little for them, his end
would be accomplished.
He proceeded to consider ihe events which
had led to the present difficulties, , commen
cing wilh a relation of tho war with Mexico
ils battles, triumphs and results, the princi
pal one of which was tho acquisition of vast
territories. Prior to tho negotiations for peace j The interests of men the change,. of opinion
tho peopleof California, assisted, perhaps, by j in the South had resulted, in a great maa
officers and citizens of ihe Foiled States, re- sure, from the growth and in rease of cotton
voltcd against tho Government ol Mexico, j raising in the South. It was well known
and ran up an independent flag Tho result j lhat in 179-1, Ihe value of collon exported
was that a tide of emigration set towards San j from ihe United States did hot exceed fifty
Francisco from every country cf tho world- thousand dollars ; while now, under favors
Tho rich and apparently inexhaustible gold j bio circumstances, its value was, perhaps, ona
mines of California were subsequently dig; i hundred millions of dollars per annum. In
Covered, and this new wonder had increased ' i'.iose days there were more of . wax, indigo,
to a wonderful degree the emigration to there and almost anything else exported fiom th
dis'.unt snoree. ,. .r. j South than cotton.
Ho referred, nexlj to llie failure of Congress , Indeed, he was told, that wben Jefferson
to provide a territorial government for the negotiated the treaty of 1794 wilh England,
people of this new territory, and said lhat un- ; he did nol know that cotlon was raised in
der tltis siate of things, those peoplo had la- ' this country at all, and when the first ship
keu measures to establish a local government j ment bf eoltoij reached a port in England,
had selected Senators and Representatives, j and was sought lo be admitted there, under
and sent them here, wilh their Constitution, the provisions of the treaty, it was objected!
lo ask an immediateadihiasion iuto Ihe Union. ' to upon the ground that it could not b( an
This constitution, thus adopted, and now pre-! American product, as no cotton was raised
senled here, contained a clause prohibiting
slavery in the new Slate, which provision
had given liso to the opposition now made
to her adtnisaiou. Whatever was believed
to bo lha object or manner of the commence
ment of the war with Mexico, it would gene
rally be conceded that it was carried on with
a view to tha acquisition of territory. Terri
tory was acquired; but the natural expecta
tion lhat it would be slave territory was dis
appointed by Ihe action of lha people of the
territory themselves.
Mr. Webster then went into a historical
consideration of the institution of slavery,
from Ihe earliest ages to ihe present time.
The ancients cliJ not justify slavery, upon the
ground that th'o more intelligent," and there,
fore the stronger, were superior to tHe weaker.
The Roman philosophers and juiiats defend
ed the instilutiou of slavery upou the interna-'
tioual law arguing rightly lhat tha fopyen.
lional law of nations admitted that tho cap
tives of war, whoe lives, according 0 the
notion of lhat day, were at the mercy of the
caplors, might, in return for their lives, be
made slaves for life 'the obligation also ret-
ing upon their posterity. He also contended,
by the civillaw, that there might by slavery.
Firf, as a result of the voluntary act of art
individual who sells himteT into slavery.
Second, as a consequence af debt.
Third, for crime.
Bringing trie matter down to the Christian
era, he alluded, at some length, lo the feel
ing in a "large portion of the .community, tha
conscientious belief, thatj slavery is & sin',
and incompatible with Christian sentiments
of brotherly kindness. He expressed his
own conviction that there was an honest be
lief of this character. There were men in
the community who, in ihe too hot pursuit of
one duly, forget that there are many olher
duties which they overlook. Therefore, mar,
who suppose that they can distinguish be.
tween right ond wrong, wilh the certainty of
on algebraic equation who regard nothing
good that is not perfect or if they see a spot
upon the sun, consider that a 'reasor! for stria?
ing the sun from heaven. There were men
loo impatiSnl to wait for the slow and gra
dual working of great moral causes. They
forget that the miracles of Christ, in eighteen
hundred years, have converted but a small
por'.ion of Ihe world. It was this state of feel
ing which had done much toward creating
the presen' difficulty. What was the feeling
on ihe pa rt of the most eminent public mad
in relation to the institution of slavery? It
was formerly denounced throughout thecoun
try not as cruel and inhuman but as a po
lical evil injuriously substituting slave for
free lnbor, and consequently tHe most em'inen'
public men commented with great acerbity
upon the conduct of Ihe mother country, who
to favor the navigator, inflicted the evil upon
tho cobnies. The question in the early days
of the Government was not 'whether slavery
was an evil. That was admitted. The ques
tion was how the evil should be dealt with.
It was thought that its day would be shorten
ed by prohibiting the !rhporta!ion of slaves',
and a proposition was introduced to prohibit
such importation twenty yoars hence. This
time was objected to by Mr. Madison, amsnp)
othor prominent Southern, pi en, as being too
long. He feared, as re ea!d, too much of this
evil might be introduced if so much opportu
nity was allowed. It would be ebserved that
the word "slavery" was not rrlade us of la
the constitution perhaps in consequence of
the wish expressed by Mr. Madison; that ha)
did not want to see the institution bf slavery
recognized in the constitution.
Mr. Webster thought that there were two
historical .(ruths which must be clear to all.
First1 There was an expectation) formerly
lhat upon the suppression of the irhpartatiorl
of slaves, slavery would begin to run but!
Second That so far as there was any pow
er in Congress to prevent the spread of sla
very in Ihe United States, it would use1 it iri
the most absolute and decided manner.
He alluded to the ordinance prohibiting sla
very in Ihe Northwest Territory. Mr. Cal
houn had said that "this was the first of the
series of measures calculated to weaken tha
South." He desired to say, in reply, that tho
ordinance was passed wilh lha unanimous
consent of t!ie South there being but one
vole against it and that one a representative
from the North. Since that time there had
been a great change in opinion, both north
and souih. Slavery was hot now regarded
by the south as it then was. There had been
a contiuual and growing opinion in the North
against slavery, and a growing opinion in the
South in its favor. Now it was considered
an institution of great interest and value to
her prosperity.
This slate of lliings resulted from cause
. . ..i-- . ... : .1
, which
would always produce like enecis.
i there. England would hardly say that now.
(l.aiighler.)
Mr. Webster replied to Mr. Calhoun s ob-
t joction, lhat the operation of the Government '
liait been ncainst the South, and was calcu
lated to weaken her. He contended that the
contrary was the fact, so far as tha legiti- .
male ell'ect of legislation was concerned. In
deed, much direct, legislation had beenadop
ted expressly for the benefit of ihe South'.'
In support of this proposition he recurred
the voting of Ihe admission, ef L'oulw'' .
Alabama, and commented at r '. ,
upon .he admifsion cf TeisI ref
especially to fhe action "of tho Democracy of
th. Nono, ,5 rela..on ,0 T-IM
ally of the o-jrs8 pnrtued hy h- .
ty m ihe natei Wbe(1) a, h6 eommeneo.
nip.lof the war with Mexioo, Mr. Berrien In.
Irodueed a proposition in Ihe Senate io th
effect that it should not be prosecuted witn's?
v ie to ihe acquisition of territory, this North
em aVemooracy 'faii-d entirely 10 support it ;
Ihus Heating cl.ferly their oppoailioq laf
such sentiments. l suited those gendsroarf
to bring into the country a work in th YtV