. - I - .
WP1R Y
AM Eft
CAN.'.
I I . E
1 My V JLIf JL
H. B. MASSES, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR.
officii:, MARKET street, opposite the post office.
SI jFamda ilctospapcr-Drbotrt to UclfUts, aftrraiurr, ilToralftn, .fTorcfsn ant Domestic iitto'a,' Semite an) the SMs, aarfculturr, iHar&cts, amusements, sc.
new sEitiKs Vol. a, no. 13.
SUXHURY, NORTHUMUKULANI) COUNTY, PA., SATL'KDAY, JUNE 30, 1841).
oTn sv.ries Vol. 9, no. ao.
, TERMS Or THE AMERICAN.
TlIE AMERICAN i. DtlMinh) evarv Sntiirnav l Tivn
.hr. . . . ' . . . . 1 ' ' " v
WJUltMJK& MT BlUIUm to Da Mia n.it Vf.arlV Mt .(Iran
' ' At conrmunicatloni or letter, on bumnnn relating to the
. Mi!a. to urnm aUAntkm. tnuM h. Pi IS T Pa I It
1 paper aiaconunuea aimi all imamci are imid
TO CIA 1)3.
,Tart copie. to on address,
, ' . IHj . Do
P500
Tlltc Do Do
10 00
u Ffv dollar, in advance will pay for ttirca year', tutmenp
Tioa to the American.
90 00
iuvra Of It lines, D thttca,
jEvtrr tubaeqadU imerttoh,
Xrn Maarc, 3 month.,
Mxaionthi,
One year,
fiuainaei Card, of Five tinea, per aniiitrn,
Marehant and other., advertising by the
rear, with tlie privilege of inserting dit-
fercnt advrti.enicnt. weekly.
tf Larger Advertisements, a. per agreement.
f I 00
ts
8SM
SIS
500
300
1000
H. B. MASSES,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,,
SCNBUHV, PA.
Bu1nna aildinleii to in the Counties of Nor
Viuol erland, Union, Lycoming and Columbia.
Refer to I
P. & A. ItoVUOIlT,
Lowsa Sl ISarhus,
I,
Somir & 8bodbha, PAi(W.
RtmoLi., McI-'ahlasi. & Co. I
Hrtamo, 'ioou dc Co., J
fJEOPGE I. WEAVKII.l II'DWIN II 11T1.KK.
George .F. Weaver it ;.,
ROPE MANUFACTURERS & SHIP
CHANDLERS.
Xo. 19 N. II 'ater St., mid 1 1 A". Whnivf,
PltILA!)KM'lllA
HAVE .iOnatanUV I'll Intnl. a idlrr.-il lis"ttmi-nt of
Nai..lla Koio, Turrrri Hoj,e. Italian Hope Bale Hope
and Twine Tow Line., inr Canal ll-mt. How nml Slri.
Line., for do. Hemp ami I'lHtui S-iiie Twine. Linen oiid
Cotton ?nrpet Cham, Cotton Yarn. Ontille Wn-k, &c.
Qrnin Baca, Ijnen and CnUun. Tar. l'lti-h, lliifin. and
Oalmm, Bed Corn. Molten l.iin. Halters Trmif, -., all
of which thev will illFpote .H' ill reaaimalilr ternn.
Ropes or any Size uc Description, Made lo Order, at
abort noticn.
Philadelphia, Feb. 10. 11?. ly.
COMMISSION M KllC HA NTS,
For tlif snlr of I'isli it ml Provisions.
Ab. 9 AVRTll 11 1 l.'lItlT.S,
I"HII.AlELPinA.
Mackerel, Slmd
Salmon, Ili-rrin,
Philadelphia, May "Hi,
Coil inul Dun Full,
( -hi'ii.
js l'.l. I v.
JANES COOI'l'.R. ItliJ'A t VMKKON.
COOPER&CA3I.KIJON.
ATTORNEYS AT LA W,
I'OT'I'S V I I.I.I',
Schuylkill Comity, Pa.,
llILL collect moiiici, atkiiil to litiqatcd rnsrs,
' and act as ageuU in the niaiiasi-nicnt of
Latatea, fee. IVraons desiring their wrwrtis, may
rrlerto the following Kendcinrii :
riiu.Aur.M'iiiA.
Da rid A Brrtww, Iruir R. Davi.. fiHivii fi. Wi-rtcotl,
Henry VVhlla. Kranei. S . Hiu-k, Win. H. Heed. Ka.,
Chat GiUaHia. Fq, Joel Cook. Kq., B. H. lln-wali r,
C Thotunicaiiiaca, E.
NEW YORK.
lion Moae. It. GriiineU, Hon. fipW 1lifinnn,
Hon. Jamra Monroe, Hon. Kdwurtl Ciirtm.
Bon. Abbott Lawrence, Bosion. John Aikei, Kaj, Ixiwell.
Jun. 4, K9
ALEXANDER G. CATTELL.
SUCCESSOR TO JAMES M. IIOI.TOS, DECD.
COMMISSION If FORlf.WDISG MER
CHANT, For the tale of Grain, Floor, Seeds, Iron, Lum
ber it.
No. n North Wharves,
I'lllLAUKLPlllA.
Goods forwarded with care, to all poinU on ilic
Schuylkill, Union, Susquehanna, und Juniata
Canal a.
CVSalt, riaatcrGrindatoncs. eVc, for (ale at
the lowest prices.
Philadelphia, June 2, 1849 ly '
S AMUEL HART & CO.
160 Market Street. Philadelphia.
Importers of French, English ani German
ttapvpQ ... ' .. ........ I
S . . W1W, '.llll ' .1,1., ,'1111, " 11' J i I, -
' (tamnion Uourda, Tape, Inktaml, l)omi
Vioes, Gillott'a and other Steel Pent, Ivory und
Bona Folders, Paiieteric. (jold and Silver iVtu-il
tae, Bristol Board; Whatman's Drawiu? Pa- !
nera, Envelopes, Bond's and Arnold's celebrated
Inks for makiug Linen. Portfolio. Die ted Mula
nd Games, Chenuaan, Cards, Gold Pens, Sec
PhuadeJtJua, June , 1649 3in
STPbATf 301T1TET
If HAT MANUFACTORY,
S'o. 30 North. Sninui ttrttt, opposite the
Maditim House.
TIE aulmrribers wh1 call the attention of
'Country Merchants and Milliners to their ex
SenaiVe awortmetA s Cuhionulile Spuing in
Uokkets a no II ats of the iiewcut style.
At, a. lk.tge and general assortment of French
and American ArtittViul Flowers, Ribbons, Crown
Linings, Oil ftilk, Wire, QuilliiiKS, Buckram, dco,
which they otter at prices that defy competition.
S. B. Palm Leaf Hats by thu raw or doirn.
W. M. & J. E. MAULL,
Bonnet and Hat Manufacturers,
30 North Sd street
Philadelphia June 5, 1849.
.REMOVAL.
DR. J. B. MA8SER has removed hi.
office, to the office formerly oc
cupied by H. B. Master, as the printing.
I - I aflirc of the Sunhury American, back
J tlL Masaers store.
sSnbury.lL 54. 1819.
SVEBY tCAJ HIS OWN PATENT
. r . AGENT.
MUN.V & Co, vrbliAers of the "SCIENTI
FIC AMEKICAN," tve favauredus with
al Pllfini nblrt eontainiue the Patent Laws of the
United States, together with all the. forms necesaa
rv for applying for a Patent, information in regard
to (UiiiB caveau, with remark on it uses, etc,
. r Cm .nir. t tl.e Patent Olfice, and
every other informaUun Uiat i iio etary to intruet
V person in ntakinj hU own applioaUonfc
Prica 15 ut aniitfle. or 1$ copies for one dol
1 art sent by mail U y purtofthe Lulled btale.
Address ML NX & CO, cw- ork.
Marcii 10, 1819.
BOARDING.
THE iuWiber will continue to receive and ae
commodate a few traruient or perraiineut
BoAao.a. hr Ience in 8u.,bury. 1 he lo
cation is in handsome and pleasant part ol me
?JoZ,.nding . An. view of lb. Huuch.n
orthuniherland nd theKenery adjacut
w"on. from the ci.y, who wish U srnd
few month, in the etuntry durins th. .ummer k
SELECT POETltT.
1 Tut nisTi.r.ss si'iittT s 'warslmj.
"Go, lay Ihee in a soft and balmy bed, "''
Rest, ruM, thou weary head;
Daw-Aimngled curtains of o'ershadowing air
Hallow thy slumber thera ;
Thy dreamings shall not w eep.
DjiIi not God give to his beloved sleep?"
'I cannot lay me down and be at rest,
I cannot hush my breast.
How can 1 wrap me in iminoilal airs,
Thus torn with raging caies !
My dreamings nil will weep
I am not his belov;d ; how should f sleep V
"Rest, living spirit, from thy weary fearing,
Bo dull unhealing
Lay down within a dark and narrow bed
Thy pale, unconscious head ;
Tlmre shall be no more utrile,
Life gives thee death, so death shall give
Ihee life'
"Oh, hu.h! tho moment is not yet at hand
To seek that far-oil land;
T'pon my cheek lies yet a w orldly tear,
And life is very dear.
I may mv walrhinirs keep;
(Jod only gives to his beloved ideep."'
"Yes, ;list(n fairugifl for thee blet t Iwun,
It shall not glad thy imun ;
And when thy linnii into cuM evening die?,
It shall nut seal thine evcx.
'I'he watehiiigs limn slnill keep :
Goil only gives to his beloved sleep.
"fit vain thou shall invite it as a guest
To soften thine untcst ;
The loves of life shall all depait from thee.
As leaves fall from the tree ;
lint live llmu on and weep,
Till God shall hear thy prayer, shall give
ihee sleep "
I'rm tin? Ii I'iii Tum-.s.
JUL li.tir.D'S LlXTlIti: ON l'.lSMA
The extent of the Russian Umpire i:i im
mense iMverino; a territory ol :"i.00i,l)ih)
sijtiare miles in anil i,(l-J."),l)!);) in Eu
rope in all, over 7,0!.)0,l)iK) s u.nv miles.
The population of Russia in Umope is 51-,-;"i0!),ili)lj,
ami of Asiatic Russia in Siberia
I2,00t),)il(), making the entire jiopnlation
(i!i,.r)0l),0(JiJ. Russia is the most level cotin-
fry in the wwM , us its average level above l
me sea is uui o.)u ieei. .pain is ill e inu'li
! est country in Europe, and the a vera ire
level of Europe is S.'M feet above the sea.
Many things in Russia remind the Ameri
can traveller of his own country. The
Western part appears newly settled, like
our Western States; the middle part of the
Empire is well cultivated, and the wooden
fences peculiar to Russia, Norway, and
Sweden, have quite an American air. The
villages, too, are built of wood mostly of
round logs and there are some very hand
some log cottages. Tin; use of this mate
rial in building is the cause of the many
destructive fires which are so frequent in
Russian villages. The horribly bad roads
in Russia also remind the American of the
Western settlements, where corduroy roads
ace only known, and in the spring and Au
tumn they are almost impassable.
The winters in Russia, although intensely
cold, are not subject to such frequent storms
as in other countries. In November and
December there is usually a fall of three
or lour feet of snow, which remains with
out drifting for four or five months. After
these months storms are rare, and the win
ter remains uniform.
Russia is eminently a hospitable country.
The noble and rich landed proprietors are
very fond of strangers, and nothing can ex
ceed their kindly treatment of visiters.
Everything throughout Russia is peculiarly
Asiatic. The houses are all built in orien-
tal sty'e w'f no frontdoor,
Yon enter at
the side through the enclosure. The roof
projects three or fonr feet and the house is
surrounded by a porch. The streets are
built intolerably wide, throu rh fear of fires.
The dress of the Common people is also
As;,tic :.. al)1H..irall,.., Tlt 1Iul.i. how.
ever, have their French tailors, and dress
like gentlemen of France or England. 2
The merchants of the first class, or guild,
as it is there termed, aho dress in European
style. The merchants of the second or
third guilds, the clergy and serfs, are strictly
Asiatic in their dress. No men shave their
beards, except rich merchants and nobles.
Peter the Great was much opposed to
beards, and made a law that no one tdiould
appear at Court with a beard ; and an old
uoble who ventured to trangress the edict,
Was unceremoniously seized and slain in
the presence of the Emperor. Nine out of
ten men in Russia now wear beards. Thu
serfs in the country wear overcoats of
sheepskins, made with the wool iuside, and
the serfs in the cities usually dress in blue
turtouts to their heels, and a girdle around
their waists. The dress ot the Russian
women is also Asiatic. Ronnets are not
to much worn as turbans, and the dresses
are unusually loose. Modern appliances
for altering the female form find little favor
in Russia. '
" The religion of the Russian is that of the
Greek Church. The" services are almost
entirely liturgical, consisting of responses,
obeisances, and prostrations. Out ot GO,
000 or 70,000 clergymen, lew preach ser
mons. The service on Sunday commences
at 12 o'clock, and lasts an hour and a half.
Neither musical instruments or stoves are
to he found in either Russia, Norway, Swe
den, or Denmark. In Russia tho people
stand throughout the service, and on the
elevation of tho Host they commence bow.
ing with great vehemence. A the hair is
worn long and flies in all directions during
the obeisances, the effect is like tho waving
of a small forest. The Russian modo of
managing horses is also oriental. Four
hones are usually driven abreast, and none
but nobles, ambassadors, or members of the
royal family, are allowed to drive four hor
ses, two abreast, as we do in America.
The mail couriers drive with great rapi
dity ; and a distance of 1,200 miles is ac
complished in five days. In Poland,
where the roads are better, the courier will
pnllof Ws tiorsti 230 rtiiles in 30 hours.
the triVflhT who' rnaT chance to accorri-
pany the courier will find this rapid tra
velling night and day very fatiguing. The
grand secret is, to walk cxmtinually during
the changing of the horses which is done
every 15 or 120 milts.
The manners of the people, particularly
of the lower classes, are quite oriental.
If you give the servant at your hotel a few
cents, he will lake your hand and kiss it,
lay his check upon it, and then with his
cheek rub your arm for some minutes.
The fine rivers in Russia, though frozen up
six months in the year, are navigated in the
summer with steamboats, which are in
creasing every year, and the number now
plying timing the summer is immense.
heat, buckwheat, rye, barley, and oats
ore produced in great abundance; and in
the south of Russia, fine apples, peaches,
and pears. RticUu heat is extensively used
in Odessa. The people boil tt as we do
rice, and when so prepared it forms a deli
cious dish, alter being hulled and seasoned.
The manufacturers of Russia are making
trreat progre.-s under the present Emperor,
and thor.e of rotton, wool, and iron, are in
a very flourishing condition. England lias
opposed this policy of the Emperor, and
has by bribes endeavored to induce him to
relinquish if, but without success, and the
Ciovi rnnient now owns larire cotton and
iron factories, and seeks in every way to j
encourage individual enterprise. !
Iron is very abundant in Russia, and in '
some localities phttina and diamonds are
found. (Jold and silver mines are also frt1
quenlly found. The Asiatic, side of the
I nil Mountains is another California, and
immense quantities of go Id an; found there.
The mines are owivvd and worked by the
(I'overnmeiit, and lor five years past from
fifteen to twenty millions of dollars worth
of gold has been gathered. The gold re
K'.mMes in appearance that brought from
California. It is found in the sand which
the rains w as!) down from the I'r.tl Moun
tains. Fiheri.i is rich in mines, and platiua
is found there in great abundance.
The commerce of Russia lias greatly in
Urnl ,;, m 'oum,rw ()f
creased wit Inn thirty years, refer the
any consequence and with but one port,
Archangel, w hither the English had sent
trading ships during the reign of Elizabeth.
Peter soon extended his possessions to the
sea, and built St. Petersburg, which he de
termined to make a great commercial city.
He drew thither the commerce of Archan
gel, and Petersburg has since been the chief
pirt of tin' R'.isiau Empire. Russia, how-
ever, can never become a great commercial
nation, tor although she has the Rlack Sea
in the south, the Caspian in the southeast,
the Gulf of Finland in the northwest, and
the Arctic in the north, she is too far from
the great oceans, which are the highways
of commerce, to permit hc-r to rival those
whose position is moie fortunate. About
four thousand vessels now annually enter
her ports, of w hich six hundred go to Ar-
mangei. J lie most valuatite cargoes are
those from the United States.
The nobility of Russia proper arp about
500,0(10 in number, exclusive ot those, in
Poland or Finland.
There are a trreat mnnv erroneous (mill
ions abroad respecting the statistics cf Rus
sia, arising from confounding Russia proper
with the whole Russian empire. Ju the
whole of Russia there are 800,000 nobles,
divided into fifteen orders, such as Princes,
J'arons, ic some of them hereditary, and
others factitious, They afe addressed as,
lour highness, your brightness, or, your
excellence, according to their respective
ranks, and, like tho old Spanish nobility,
are as ioor as they tire proud. Many a
scion of nobility receiving but five hundred
dollars a year in the army or navy, looks
down with scorn upon the rich merchant,
worth his hundred thousand. They will
accept of civil employment only, und con
sider any mercantile business as derogatory
to their rank.
The Emperor's policy is evidently to
multiply the nobles by raising deserving
men to that tank, and thereby weaken
their influence. The ancient nobility, al
though imperious in their manners, are ex
tremely well bred. The French language
is more spoken among them than even
their own language, and many speak
French with greater purity than thev can
Russian.
Next iu rank come the merchants, wh"
are divided into three guilds or corpora
tions by the Government. lo the first
guild belong all those whose property, ac
cording to their own statement amount's to
$10,000 of our money. These pay a tax
based upon the amount of property which
is the test of their rank, and are entitled to
certain immunities and privileges, such as
the privilege of engaging in foreign com
merce, of driving in a coach with two hor
ses, &.c. To the second belongs whoever is
worth upward of one thousand dollars : and
to the third all the small trades in different
commodities. These, too, have peculiar
rights and privileges.
Next come the clergy and the Greek
Church, a caste embracing about 500,000
men, women and children. Of the officia
ting priests ihere are. about 00,000. The
higher clergy are unmarried, and are usu
ally taken from monasteries; the lower or
ders of clergy are obliged to marry, but can
do so but once, and then cannot marry a
widow. If the wife dies, the priest is obli
ged to leave his Vocation, and seek other
employment. The strictness with which
these rules are enforced, is said to produce
an extraordinary effect upon the priests in
making them take good care of their wives,
These regulations, however, are not so
stringent as those in the Armenian Church
where a priest must not only have a wife,
but also have a child. The priests marry
among these of their own caste, and, as a
general thing, stand low in reputation and
character, being ignorant and intemperate
Even the common people, who, when the
priest is en cosluma on the Sabbath, would
tremble at a look from him, despise him in
private. I here is no ' more opprobrious
epithet among them than to be called "the
son of a priest."
The next class is the great body of Serfs,
amounting in all to 48,000,000. The Bri
tish Encyclopedia states th number to be
36,000,000, but this is erroneous. These
serfs are bought and sold with their land,
like the trees that grow upon it. They
are usually small farmer, who pay the
owner of the land in kind. If the pro
prietor furnishes the implements of husban"
dry, the serf pays one half in kind if not,
but one third. Some of the sells are ex
cellent mechanics, and sometimes these pay
a certain sum per head for each member of
a family. Usually about four dollars per
annum is paid as a tax upon each person
over four years of age. All that the serf
earns over this is his own, and many amass
considerable wealth. The serfs on the
farms live very rudely, in huts about twenty
feet square, with a brick stove sis feet long
in one coi ner. A'rough bench or inverted
trough, which is used as a seat during the
day, at night forms a couch, in which the
ladies of the establishment retire to rest,
while the men betake themselves to the vi
cinity of the huge brick stove. The room
is kept extremely hot, and is constantly
filled with smoke. These limited accom
modations are shared with pigs and chick
ens id' the farm, and a collection of cows is
often kept in the cellar. To one unaccus
tomed to these peculiarities, they are some
what unpleasant.
There are but three or four really good
roads in Russia. From St. Petersburg to
Moscow, there is a fine macadamized road
twenty-five feet wide, with a broad level
space on each side ; making the whole
about one hundred ami fifty feet in width,
'i'he road is so straight that yon can often
see it sl retch out before you twenty or
thirty miles. The usual public conveyance
is a vehicle similar to the French diligence,
hiis-aa is a line country for railroads, ow
ing to its level surface. The railroad, from
St. Petersburg to Moscow, now bring built
under the direction of Major Whistler, for
merly, of Massachusetts, will be finished
next autumn. About fifty thousand men
are now employed upon it. The only rail
road in Poland, runs from Warsaw, north,
a distance of (illy or sixty miles.
The laws of Russia with regard to care
less driving are worthy of imitation in our
own country. Whoever runs down a per
son by rapid driving, forfeits the vehicle
and horses. The present Emperor was ri
ding in his carriage some time since, when
the driver accidentally run over a drunken
man in the street. His Majesty immedi
ately had the carriage driven to a magis
trate's, and gave up the vehicle und horses
to be sjld, ami the proceeds applied to
some charitable purpose.
The ci.y of Moscow, r-'iulcied famous by
X.ipiileonV celebrated (..xp. 'iiliun, was built
in the twell'lh ceiiiiity, mid now contains finir
hundred thousaia! inhabitant It is satiated
in a great valley, and thu h'jii.-i's are mostly
built (if wo. id, wish roofs of !-lieet iron, la
the centre of the city stands thu walled hill
uf Kremlin, which is surrounded Ly a brick
wall lif'.y feet hinh, and a mile and a half in
ciieinnfeieiiee. Within these limils tue seve
ral public, buildings. Tins popular opinion
that the Kiemlin is a palace is erroneous It
is, simply, as its name signifies, a. walled en
closure, and was built as a defenco against
domestic insurrection. It could no more be
blown up by powder than could a great hill.
In the church which stands within its limits
is a belt weighing one ' hundred and forty
thousand pounds, but this is eclipsed by the
g-eat bell which stands at the foot of the
tim er. This is nineteen feet high, sixty-fire
feet in cireumfeience, eighteen inches thick,
und weighs four hundred thousand pounds
avoirdupois. A largo piece has been broken
out of it, and it is sometimes used as a chapel.
Around the city stretches a public garden or
Boulevard, and outside of this, a wall of turf
thirty or forty feet in height.
Three hundred churches, each five or six
domes, are scattered throughout the city.
The domes are pear sloped, und are sur
mounted by a spire mid cross, with the des
cent benealh it. They are painted sometimes
brown, and often a bright blue color, with
largo spangle of gold. A there are from
fifteen hundred to two thousand domes in the
city, the effect, when the sun isshiniug upon
them, is extremely brilliant. About nine
tenths of tho city way burnt by the Russians,
when they vacated it in 1813. It has never
been ascertained who gave order to have the
city fired. The Governor General of Russia,
Rostopchiu, who was charged with having
caused thu conflagration, has disclaimed the
uet. It is probable, however, that the com
mander of the Russian troops which marched
from thocity when Napoleon entered it, gave
orders to tiro the buildings. Tartar like,
they burnt everything as they retreated. Nb
poleoti could easily have prevented the catas
trophe if he had suspected it, a he oould
have stationed soldiers in every house; but he
did not aniioipalo such an event. The bily
now show no sign of the vust eontiagiUtiou
which luts rendered it so famous iu European
histury.
St. Petersburg is twenty-two miles in cir
cuit, and has no fortification except along the
Neva. Thi river is . about one-third . of a
mile wide, and sodeep as to be navigable for
ftrstclass merchant ships. The city abounds
with splendid palaees and publio buildings.
Here ia the beautiful column erected by the
present Emperor to the memory of bisbrothet
Alexander. It is a shaft eighty feet high,
rising from a base of eighteen feet, and sur
mounted by a statute of red granite polished
like a mirror The beautiful equestrian Ha-
tute of Peter the Great stands in one of the
j public squares looking across tho river. ! The
peculiar ituutlofi of St. Petersburg, cxpofes
it to frerrneiit imrVidationP, being but little
elevated above the river. When the heavy
gales of wind w hich prevail 'in thu Gulf of
Finland and the Baltic Sea cause the Neva
to become swollen, the city is in great dan
gcr. Dr. Baird Stated the correct pronunciation
of Russia and Prussia; to bo as if they were
writen Rsicr and 1'rushrr, and not. as it very
commonly used, llooshcr and Prousher.
THK WEST BROOK riIEOMENO.
Tho Worcester Spy gives wine account,
from an eye-witness, of the Into sinking of
land at Vv'estbrook, Maine, which took place
between four and five o'clock on Tuesday
afternoon, the 5th insliint. The actual quan
tity of land lost is estimated lit forty acres,
and a brook has been formed, not so largo
but you may jump across it in many places.
Tho Spy says :
There is missing some twenty acres of
woodland, anil about the same quantity of
pasture laud. Over this whole extent the
natural soil has entirely disappeared, and iu
its place is a fimi plastic blue clay. The
woodland was covered with a heavy growth
of timber, the whole of w hich has sunk be
low its original level some thirty feet, leaving
perpendicular walls on three sides, und grad
ually sloping on the other side. Tho trees
on a portion of tho laud have disappeared
entirely, and on another portion they are
thrown about in great disorder some sunk
half ot two-thirds their lenglh in the earth,
yet remaining uprisht. some partly tipped
over, some prostrate, and others reverncd,
the tops being under tho surface, and the
roots standing up in lhe air. Cue large, and
valuable ehu Iree, which had been sold by
contracts for limbnr, has entirely disappeared,
not a vestitge of it remaining. The clay is
dry and linn on some parts, but in others is
so moist that it yields readily to the foot, and
a man standing upon it will, by tho weight
of his body, gradually sink into it. A ten
feet pole has been run down ils whole length
into this clay, and it appears to be of tho
same consistence the whole depth. When
jumped upon, it has a tremulous or shaking
motion, as if it rusted on water or a seiui
lluiit mass below. The present surface is
nearly a level plain. The brook of Stroud
water River," befure mentioned, formerly
passed over the earth which has thus sunk,
but now passes by on tho side which slopes
into the cavity. This shows that the bord
ers of iho cavity were somewhat elevatod by
the sinking of the mass, und thus a new di
rection was given to thu stream.
IlLXUAUY.
Hungary was originally an elective mon
aichy, with a diet or legislature chosen by
by the nobles. Since Ferdinand, brother of
Charles V. waj elected thu sovereign, by a
feeling of pride and loyalty, lhe sovereignty
has been continued in lhe house ofllapsburgh
a house w hich by Various means, but chielly
marriage, has gained the sovereignty of Bo
hemia, Austria, Lombard)', mid heaven knows
how many other kingdoms, but Hungary has
never had nny other connection with tho
Austrian Empire . diaii owing allegiance to
the same sovereign, that sovereign ft al
ways sworn to govern according to the laws
and constitution of tho kiudom But tho
lute emperor of Austria, liking his absolute
kingdoms' better than his limited ones, under
the wily Mettefuich; set himself to liumblo
Hungary and set aside its constitution. He
commenced a wnr of stealthy aggression upon
its nobles, and '.ho latter ut last found it ne
cessary to make common cuuso with thu
masses in resistance. Let the contest go as
it will, the people are sure to be gainer?, for
the nobles have not only consented to shoul
der their portion of the public burdens, which
they had never before borne, but they have
actually granted iu fee simple to tho peusauts
the portions of land which they formerly cul
tivated as tenant at will. By this giant
more than half a million of peasant families
are invested with absolute ownership of
from thirty to sixty acre each, or more than
20,000,000 acres among them all. All aris
tocruliu privileges, lay as well as eoclesiati
cal, are abolished, and all citizens are equal
beloru the law, and invested with tho right
of ufi'rage, whatever muy be their race or
Creed. This was done by the lae diet of
Presburgh, and the reason why the brave
peasants rose iti a body and hurled buck the
mercenary minions of Austria Boston Chro
notype. , Choleba an!) tub Fi.iKs. During the last
visitation of the Cholera, the fiUs died iu
great numbers, Such was also the case
when the Yellow Fever prevailed in New
York. We have seeii in the Valley, during
a vibitatiou of Typhoid Fever, the flies die
in great numbers. They appear to be af
fected like men by tile atmospheric distur
bance. Rut they" do not seem, during this
visitation of Cholera, to suffer. They are
as active as usual, and somewhat troubleoine.
. Richmond, (Va.,) Republican.
A nowly married" couple went to housekeep
ing not long since, at Boston. At breakfast
the next monilrlgafter ' lheir entrance, the
gentleman said to hid lady : "My dear, this
is Poplar street, and putting u (you) in it, it
becomes popular." "And by putting us in
it," promptly replies the lady, "it will be
come populous."
It is the law of Turkey, that all slaves shall
be liberated after seven year service. Chris
tians may take lessons of humanity and jus
tice from Mohammedan.
SV -
Caivjg of jjcnns'nlyamn. ;
A Supplement to tin act relative to the Wash
ington Coal company j to Sheriff's sales ot
real estate ; to thu substitution of Execu
tor and Trustees, when Plaiutiils to parli
ti6n in the Courts of common Pleas; ami
for other purposes.
Section 3. That tho provisions of the eight
section of tho act of Assembly, entitled "A
further supplement lo tho act, entitled 'An
Act relating to Orphans' Courts !' passed
the thirteenth day of April, IS to, be and the
same are hereby extended lo cases of sales
of real estate by the sheriffs of the respective
counties of this Commonwealth: I'mriihil,
That nothing herein contained shall ho con
strued to deprive the Sheriffs aforesaid of the
fee now allowed by law for the advertising
by handbills, serving notices, and sjlling ol
such real estate.
Sec. 4. In all cases of saa-s heretofore made
as well as in all cases of ernes hereafter made
by a trustee appointed by the Orphan's Court
of any county within this Commonwealth, to
make sale of real estate after proceedings in
partition, and when; such sales have or shall
be held under order, and the said trustee
shall be removed by the Court, or has or shall
die, or become insane, or otherwise incapa
ble of acting, before a conveyance is made
to the purchaser, on thu purchaser or lhe
succeeding administrator of such decedent,
ot on the administrator of such trustee p -t i
tiouing the Court, it shall bo lawful for the
administrator of the decedent whoso estate
was sold, or fur tho adiiiiuistialor of the trus
tee, after giving security to be approved of
by the said Court, for lhe failhfnl appropria
tion of the proceeds of such sale, to execute
and deliver to tho estate so sold on the pur
chasers full compliance with the tonus and
conditions of sale, hut if within three mouth
there be no succeeding administrator or ad
ministrators of such trustee, having security
as aforesaid, it shall h" tho duty of lie' Or
phans' Court, on the petition of tho p:irch:;.'.-er
to direct the Clerk of the O-phans' Court m
execute and deliver to the purchaser loe
necessary deed of conveyance, on bis foil
compliance with the terms and conditions of
sale, paving into Court the monies ptyaMe
and delivering to the Clerk the securities re
quired by the said terms and conditions,
which monies and securities shall remain sub
ject to the disposition of the Court: Kvery
deed made iu pursuance of nnd agreeably to
tho provisions of this net shall vest the pro
perty therein described in the grantor, as fully
and effectually as if thu same had been made
by the persons who may have sold any such
estate circumstanced as aforesaid.
Sec. 5. Thi'.t in all actions of ejectments
now pending, or which may heieatler be
brought, when the object is to enforce tho
payment of purehasa money due and owing
on land contracts, it shall and mny be lawftd
for the exercutors or adminitratois of thu
deceased creditor to sustain thu same in
their own names, to tho saniu extent and i.i
like manner as testator or intestate if living
could.
Sec. C. That tho first section of Iho act,
entitled "An act concerning bail attachment
and attachments," passed thu 20th day of
March, 1813, shall net be construed to apply
to the judgments of Aldermen or Justices un
der the first section of the net, entitled "An
act relating lo Landlord and Tenant," passed
(he 3d day of April, 1330.
Sec, 7. That iu all cases whom any one
is convicted of an aggravated riot, the Court
shall be nuihoti.ud lo sentence tho offender
to an imprisonment in solitary confinement
at labor, iu the county prison, or thu proper
penitentiary of thu Stale, foi a period not ex
ceeding three years.
Sec. 8. It shall bo tho duty of the Pro
thonotaries of thu respective Courts of this
Commonwealth, to record iheSheriifs Inqui
sition and all orders of Court in relation lo
partitions arid common recoveries, ut thai ex
pense of the parlies iuteiestud, lor the fees
allowed by law to tho Recorder of Deeds and
exemplifications, such records shall bo evi
dence thereof.
Sec. 9. That all partitions heretofore made
wherein the Sheriff has allotted tho pnrpoiis,
shall bu ns valid as if allotted and decreed
by thu Court from which thu'vvritof partition
issued.
Sections 10 and It In relation to lhe
acknowledgement of Deeds by Married Women-.
, ,
Sec 12. That in all cases of tho sr.le, con
veyance, mortgage or transfer ol tho property
of any married women, or of any powers of
Attorney to make and execute such sale, con
veyance, mortgage or transfer, made and ex
ecuted out of thu United States, iho written
consent of such married woman as required
by the act relating to thu rights of married
woman, may bu acknow ledged before any
Minister, Ambassador, Charge d'Afluiri, Con
sul or Vice Conusl of the United States, und
such acknowledgment so made shall be equal
ly valid as if made before a Judge of a Court
of Common. Pleas of this Coiumonwcullh.
Sec. 13. That iu ull actions now pending
in any of the Courts of this Commonwealth,
or which hereafter maybe brought in which
Executor or Trustees appointed by or under
the authority of arty last will and testament,
with power over the real or personal estate
of the tustator, are plaintiff, and any one or
more of sucn plaintiffs shall have died, lesigu,
or be removed, such action shall not thereby
abate, but it shall be the duty of thu Court
in which such action is ot shall be pending,
to substitute upon tho record in place of
the executor or executors trustee or trus
tees, whose death, nvigiiaimn or removal
shall hive caused the vacancy, anv executor
or t'xuciitora, trustee or trustees,' who shaft
have been or ahall be legally appoinfed to
supply the sumo, a,t hn suit or action shall
be proceeded i:i to uiat, judgment and exe
cutiou, in lhe sami! maimer naif tho plaintiffs
had been oiiginally entitled to maintain the
action.
Sec. I I. That all O'signmentflnf mottgsges
and letters of Attorney iminovi.'iiig the satis
faction of mortgages duly executed and ac
knowledged in the manner provided by law
for the acknowledgment of deed, may bo
recorded in thu oliie.ii for recording deeds
iu the county iu which thu uioilguge assigned
or authorized to be saliMied may bo or shall
have been recorded, and the record of such
instrument, or a duly certified copy thereof,
shall Ii" as ir.iod evidence, us tho original as
signment or lel'.ur of Attorney when duly
proved iu any Court of Justice.
Sec. l-r. That the Commissioners appoin
ted or hereafter to be appointed by tho Gov
ernor of this CVuniiionweallh, under the au
thority uf the act entitied "An act to author
ize iho appointment of duedc and iu.-.lrumiiuts
of writing under si-al," approved thu 11th
day of April, 1SC8, be hereby authorized to
demand lis their compensation for taking
each acknowledgment thu fee of ouu doliar
and no more.
See 17. That iu all cases of bona fide rali.'S
inulei the oider of and confirmed by the Orphan.-,'
Ciiutt, the title of the purchaser shall
not be ui'feeied by the snbs.'qiHHtt revocation
ol" th : I. -tiers Irsl.m'.eu'iury or ol administra
tion of the executor ni administrator making
such sales, and tli'.it purchasers of real estate
soMundiu order uf th--Orphan's Court shall
after th" ciiulirmatiml of lie; tule. and the
i M ention and ucktio-.v lednttieut of the deed,
haven ri'.'ht to piocoed to obtain possession
of ihe parebas -d premises, in the samu man
ner as is now provided iu relation to pur
cI:j:ts at Sh-nil's sales.
S. c. IT. IVivate. -Relative to Public
Schools i:i ll;.-l School Distiiul.j
WILLIAM V. PACKER,
f-'i-i -!;:r .' Ilu-'fr !' Representatives.
GKORGE DA RSI K,
S;k 'n7;er " fc Senate.
Approved the ninth day of April, buo thou
sand c'.U hundred and forty-nine.
WM. K JullNSTON.
I'r 'i. i tin.- I'S.ita. I.tiipir.l
l l'I l.tT OK coi.n HLNTlXa.
I.nokiii over -Pollock's Course of Time,"
the annexed p.i-age strr.'.-l; me as quite pro-'
phetic, compared with the accounts we have
received from the gold region of California.
Although the writer has been dead near a
quarter of a century, the picture ho has drawn
bears all the fulness and truth of an oye-wit-
ness. A St nscrtiBEn.
"Gold mnnv hunted swetit and bled for
.. ,'. '
Walked idi the ni Jit.and labored all lhe day.
And what was thisallureim-nt, dost thou atk 1
A dns'. die tmi'.i the bowelsof the earth,
Which bcim; cast into the tire, came out '
A shining tiling that fools admired, aud called
A find: aud iu devout and horrible plight,
llefore it kneeled tho greater to the less;
And on its altar sacrificed case, peace,
Truth, faith, integrity; good conscience,
friend,
Love, charity, benevolence, ana all , ,
The s-.veel and lender r ympntiiicg of life;
And to complete t.) the horrid, murderous rite
And signalio their folly, offered lip i
Their souls and an eternity of bliss, -.. 1
To gain them what ! an hour of dreaming
.i" '
A foveri-li hour, that hasted to bo done',
And ended in the bitterness of woe."
Ciicmi ai. Ax.4i.isis of Tel. In the me
moirs of thu Loudon ( iiemieal Society, there
is an interesting prpor of Waiiitiglon, on the
analysis of tea, iu which Iu stales that ho
has not only removed the whole of tlie color
in;': mutter, or glazing, lVoni green tea, but
he has been able lo uiu.lyzu the matter re
moved, and prove it, by chemical evidence,
lo consist ol Prussian blue and gypsum, prin
cipally. So that in fact the drinkers cf ma
ny qualities of green tea, us it comes lo lhe
English market, indulge in a beverage of
Chinese uiinl, aa 1 miL'lit imitate the mixture
of dissolving Piussian blue and plaister of
Paris iu hot water. The Chinese do not
ilrink this painted tea; they only sell it.
A GucvtSi-i:, ulation. The best specula
tion in California of which wu have, heard)
was that of a loafer w hu stole a hen, and in
vited four returned miners to dine upon her,
ut iho reasonable rate of five dollars citcli. In
pupating lhe hen for cooking) our loafer
found in her craw two ounces of gold. After
partaking freely of the hen, the loafer found
tin; fullowiug to bu tho profits of the transac
tion : Fur four guests ut s.. each, 320; for
two ounces of gold found in lien's craw, $3
Total profits on hen, 652.
American Okaxuks. The Mobile Herald
says that since the destructive hurricane in
Cuba a few years since, lhe Mobile fruit mar
ket had been supplied chiefly with Creole or
amres now raised in that neighborhood, Pas:
cagonla,and on the "coast" near New Orleans.
These oranrjes aro generally larger than those
raised iu the neighborhood of Havana, and
much superior iu flavor. The Herald con.
lends that it number of locations might be
selected on the Ray and neighboring islands.-
It instances the case of a person who realises
from $800 toSl.ono annually from about thir-'
ty orange trees cultivated in a ptrdeft mme
miles south of that city- The fiuit is said td
bo delicious and of most exquisite flavor .
It is a fact worth repeating, that the Em
peror of KuKiu came to this country for Kii
model war steamer, and f.-r railroad eneiaeW.
Nicholas bus always man ifuaed a predlleotW
lor An.ei.cao genius, j tpile of hia hi,rcJ f.f
American pohtic.and constitutions
K Mvth 10. lM9.-6in