INAUGURAL ADDRESS
or oov. vrai. r. johnston,
belivtrtd in tht ttouta of Representatives,
January lC(Jk.
Friend and Fellow-Citixens : The kind
ties end confidence pf the people baring oast
Upon tne the Executive functions of the gov
ernfflent and the preeeribed oath to eapport
th Constitution baring been sdmitrd, I
should be bias to the aaofed truel reposed in
me, and unworthjr the oonfidenes manifested
did I net deeply feel the responsibility of my
position, and firmly resolre to merit yoor support.-
Profoundly sensible, however, of my own
weakness, and fully conscious that without
Ihs encouragement and assistance of the peo
ple, the Chief Magistrate ie Unable properly
id discharge the high duties of his station, and
instead of the substance, popular pewer be
comes tho emply shadow of Executive au
thority, I would earnestly invoke at the hands
of the citizens, tho efficient aid of the same
spirit which called into existence the free
insiitutions of our country, to assist mc in sup
porting and defending them.
At the commencement of an administra
tion, it has been a custom with the Execu
tive to indicHtti the principles which will
Govern his council.', and the measure he may
desire for the benefit of tho State. Tho an
nual message delivered at the opening of the
present session of tho Legislature has super
seded the necessity of a strict compliance
with this usage, and on this occasion it will
suffice to refer to :i few general views of the
public policy that shall receive at my hands
the fullest and steadiest support and consid
eration. At all times and under all circumstances,
the highest obligation of the public servant
is the maintenance and defence of our Re
public institutions That these shall receive,
in tho exercise of tho Executivo power, a
sound interpretation that no impediment
shall interpose to prevent the salutary influ
ence of their principles that the popular
mind, when understood, shall be obeyed, are
indices which no public officer will disregard.
The founder of the Republic, inspired
with profound wisdom, declared, that all men
are born equally free and independent ; thai
the right of defending life and liberty, of ac
quiring, possessing and protecting property
and reputation, are indefeasible; that all
power is inherent in tho people, and all free
governments are founded on their authority ;
that no preference shall ever be given by
law to and religious establishments, ormodes
of worship ; that no one on can be deprived
of his life, liberty or property, unless by the
judgment of his peers, or tho law of the land ;
that no man's property shall bo taken or ap
plied to public use, without the consent of his
representatives ; that education should bo
promoted, and tho blessings of intellectual
culture placed within the reach of every citi
zen. History and expedience havo demon
strated the justice of these principles, and
private feelings, as well as public duty, de
mand forthem a cordial support.
An indebted nation cannot command the
full measure of its independence, nor feel the
blessings of its institutions Whatever may
be its desire to promoto active objects of gen
eral bevolence, its resources refuses a com
pliance with its will, and national justice is
thereby frequently delayed. Withadeepcon
viction of the importance of this subject, and
a settled confidence that you will sustain any
safe measures having in view the payment
of the debt of the State, it shall be a constant
aim to place our finances in a condition to
discharge every public obligation, to main
tain unsullied the honor of tho Common
wealth, and to preserve unspotted its motto
of "ViaTi c, LiscaTT and Indepchuehcb."
The intentions of the people are pure, and
are uniformity directed to advance the gener
al prosperity. When, therefore, they believe
a public functionary feels an anxious desire,
in unisea with their own, for the public wel
fare, they will willingly pardon errors of judg
ment, and sustain him in hie public course
tt is hoped the same generous and manly
sentiment, the same construction of motives,
the same appreciation of public conduct
which have been extended to others in simi
lar positions, will shield the administration
about to be commenced, from at least unme
rited censure.
An evil spirit isat work nmong.t u-, against
whoso malign influence all should be on their
guard, tt is that spirit which creates a wrong
whefo ncno exists which in advance con
demns the public servant, and labors to de
stroy conli.lonee in the honesty of his designs
which, unwilling to judge of works, draw
from its guilty imaginings the spectres of a
corrupt heart, and hold them up to the pub
lie gaze as substantial truths. It is thesamo
spirit which would array in hostile position
the classes into which society divides that
would place capitol and labor, tho rich and
the poor, at variance with each other. It is
the spirit which animates the bosom of the
Catalines of every age.
In Europe there are noblemen and peasants
political and social distinctions, created and
sustained by law, and sanctioned by prescrip
tion, lit this country all are equal under the
law ; and no politician, no party in our coun
try would desire a change in this fundamen
tal principle of our constitution. Factitious
tustinetions can kave no residence where
they are net sustained by law, and such are
lbs sudden transitions of wealth among the
citizens, that the rich man of yesterday is
the poor man of to-day, and the poor of to
day the rich of to-morrow. Where property
ie not eeeafed by legal enactment, to particu
lar classes, and wealth is unguarded by im
memorial privileges, an enlightened seif-in-forest
wall teach the rich to hold in renesenee
the right of the poor for their condition may
chjngsd in thsmsarvsi or tmsu offspring.
The rich and the poor are equally depend
ent on each other for the comfort and luxu
ries of civilized life, seperate them, and the
interest of both perish the capital of the
rich is valueless witliout (be assistance of the
otrpital of labor.-
The moat datseerolis, belitsrfn the most in
eiuktireaemierof the Republic, are those who
prowl among the houtt, unsuspecting citizens
whispering insinuations agaiiist' men whose
every iiiterc.-tt is connected with the welfare
of th e Viritry. 5ueh men th vild be rebuked
as dangerous to the well-being of society, as
sacrificing at the shrino of party, truth, honor
and patriotism, and aa tearing asunder tho
confidence which holds us together as one
people. ' , i .
In the discharge of my official duties, 1 shall
ever bear in mind ths oath of fidelity to the
constitution, and shall endoaver with my
utmost ability to perform tho sacred trust com
mitted to my charge. That! shall err in jndf
ment whan most anxious to do right, must be
anticipated, for human intelligeuo isinospsbls
of reaching unerring truth, and tho hops that a
generous forgiveness on your part will accom
pany honest intentions, will sustsin me ; and
if, at tho end of my term of service, it shall
be my fortune to leave the people of my na
tive State happier aud more prosperous than
t found them, I shall ask no prouder incep
tion over my grave
With a lirm rolianco that tho God of na
tions will preserve our happy country as the
home of his people, and will lend hi support
to an anxious endeavor to promote their in
terests and perpetuate their civil and religious
iustitioim, I enter on tho discharge of the du
ties of the Executive department of the State.
VM. F. JOHNSTON.
Harrivbmg, January 16, 1849.
The day was fine, though w et under foot,
from the general thaw. Every thing passed
oil' pleasantly, and in order. Gov. Johnston
is a fine looking man, and on this occasion
looked every inch a Governor.
When tho Governor and Sennto had retired
on motion of Mr. Frick, 5000 in English and
2000 in Grruan, were ordered to be printed.
Adjourned.
TE3E AXOJUC.aUT.
SUNBURY.
SATURDAY, JANUARY ST, 184.
II. B. MASSER, Editor aa Fraprittor.
E. W. CARR, Evans Bnildini, Third street, opposite
tlie Philadelphia Exchange, la regularly authorised to receive
advertisements and aubacriptions for thia paper, and receipt
(or the same.
pp" Tersons indebted to the office of the Ameri
can up to April 1848, are notified to make final
settlement with H. B. Masser, in whose hands the
books of the late firm are left for co'.'.rction.
. Our packages of papers of Northum
berland, Snydertown, Shamokin and Rush,
have not been delivered regularly of late.
We shall endeavor to remedy the difficulty
as soon as possible.
y On our first page will be found an
interesting article, from Ruxton's adven
tures on the Rocky Mountains.
0CorxTY Advertising.-A11 the county
advertising and business transactions of the
Board of Commissioners, will appear in this
paper hereafter, as well as the Trial list and
the Hat of Jurors, as heretofore.
The Inaugural address of Governor
Johnston, will be found in another column.
The Governor seems to think that there is
a class of persons, who are determined to
condemn his measure in advance right or
wrong, and administers to them a severe
rebuke. There are, unfortunately, too ma
ny such persons in both political parties
who seem to think that true patriotism con
sists in strict adherence to party tactics and
an indiscriminate attack on every thing
done by their political opponents.
POSTAGE BILL.
This bill was called up in the U. S. Sen
ate on the 19th inst., by Mr. Niles. Gen.
Cameron offered an amendment allowing
newspapers to be carried free under 30
miles. Mr. Allen of Ohio took a decided
stand in favor of the amendment as an act of
justice to the Country Press. Mr. Niles
and others objected, stating that it would
diminish the revenue. Now it is probably
not known to these economists, that proba
bly not one fifth, and in many instances
not one tenth of the country papers are
carried inside the mail within 30 miles.
They are mostly carried outside at a con
siderable trouble, vexation and expense to
the publishers without any benefit to the
Treasury. The objection that it would be
an act of injustice to Post Masters is equally
groundless. Post Masters in the country
are generally merchants, whose object is to
accommodate their customers, and there is
probably not one in a hundred who would
be willing to give up the privilege of serv
ing their customers free of charge, if they
could do so. This is a measure of self de.
fence, without which the Country Press
cannot be sustained against the monopoly
of the city publishers. Gen. Cameron and
Mr. Allen will receive the thanks of the
whole Country Press and their millions of
readers.
ELECTION OF JUDGES.
The Lancaster Intelligencer takes strong
ground in favor of the election of Judges
and Prosecuting Attorneys by the people
A move has already been made in the Le
gislature to alter the constitution, to enable
the people to choose their own Judges,
This doctrine begins to find favor in the
eyes of many who formerly opposed the
measure. The example of the state of New
York, and other circumstances have not been
whhout their effect.
ITjr" En ion. In part of our edition last
Week, we stated that the number of hogs
slaughtered in this place the past season
was 189. It should have been 389.
(D" Hf-kby Cut and Gkm. C.i, will both
occupy a seat in the next V. 8. Senate'. ...
SUNBURY AMERICAN AND SHAMOKIN
Tas Scs-svif Aniaici in noticing, the ap
pearance of our paper says, "it I now almost as
iff s th American." We presume friend
Masser meant to nave said "ths American is
moil m Urge a the Miltonian." which would be
mote liks the tixint.MUtotian.
We meant to say, friend Frick, precise
ly what we have said. We are not in ths
habit of misstating tacta, and dont therefor
like to bars our statements doubted. But in
order to settle all doubt on ths subject, ws
bars taken th dimensions oi both papers,
and find that th twenty eight columns of
the American, have each three lines more
in length, making eighty-four line; and
in breadth of the columns, to what is equi
valent to about sixty lines, making the
American in alt one hundred and forty-four
lines or a column larger than the Miltonian.
If we should take into consideration the
compactness and size of type in ottr adver
tising columns we should have several co
lumns more. Try it again friend Frick.
You may have better luck next time.
Cr We copy the following from the
Lancaster Intelligencer. We concur with
the writer that Mr. Jordan, would make
an excellent officer and would run well in
the north ; but vc doubt whether he would
accept the nomination :
JiEXT CANAL COMMISSIONER.
Mr. Editor : As it seems to bo pennrally
conceded, that the next member of the Canal
Board shall be taken from either the Central
or Northern section of the stale, allow me the
use of your columns to bring to the consider
ation of delegates to the Democratic State
Convention, to be held on the 4th of July
next at Pittsburgh, the name of ALEXAN
DER JORDAN, Esq., of Sunbury, as a gentle
man combining everv reauirito Qualification
for that office. Mr. Jordan is an Attorney of
high standing in his section of the state, a
sound and consistent Democrat, and a Citizen
of pure and unblemished integrity, As there
is no professional gentleman in the present
Board, the presence of one possesing such
eminent legal attainments would seem to me
highly desirable. 1 hi communication is writ
... ' :.i . i...: .:.v. . T l
ICII WUI1UUI VUIIBUHBMUU Willi Wi. .uiu.iii
and the writer does not know that he would
even accept the office, if tendered. But if
settled by the 4th of July Convention, he
would far outrun his party vote in ISorthum
berland, Union, Lycominjr, and other coun
ties which would mako him one of the most
"available" candidates that could be named
CALIFORNIA GOLD REGION
Our paper this week contains much on
1 this. at. the present, most exciting topic ot
the day. The last accounts, it will be seen,
are even more astonishing than the first, and
set all incredulity at defiance. Upper
California will, in a very short time, fill up
with an enterprising American population.
In another year, we predict, it will knock
at the doors of Congress, for admission into
the Union, as one of the states. In a very
few years we shall have a steam and rail
road communication, when the trip from
New York to California will not occupy
more than from 18 to SO days. In a com
mercial point of view it is destined to be
come one of the greatest statesin the Union.
The great trade from China, for nearly the
whole civilized world, will take that course.
KF Sartains' Magazine for February,
has not been received. It is said to be an
excellent number.
K?" The rain and moderate weather of
this week has nearly used up the sleighing.
GENERAL CAMERON.
It is unnecesary to say that we are opposed
politically, to Gen. Cameron. It is also un
nessary to add that he deserve, for hi zea
lous efforts in behalf of the tariff interests of
Pennsylvania, if for nothing else, the gratitude
of the State. His services may not be re
wardedthough they are by his conscious
ness that he was in the right but they will
not be forgotton. The Wheeling Times, after
and eloquent culogium upon Mr. Cooper,
sav :
"Instead of taking the place of Gen. Came
ron, as he will, we are truly sorry that the
General could not have changed situations
with his colleague, Dr. Sturgeon, and allow
the latter to sleep at home, rather than make
a dormitory of the Senate Chamber.
"The Genera, though a Pennsylvania Dem
ocrat, is vastly superior in every respect to
his colleague, and having worked his way
from a roller-boy in a printing office, up to a
seat in one of the greatest and most honora
ble bodies in the world, is entitled to the re
spect always due to industry, perseverance,
talent and moral wortn." Daily Aews.
SERIOIS FIRE.
Thrilling Incident ! The dwelling of
Mr. Christian Hawbecker, in Clearspring dis
trict, Washington county, Md., was totally
destroyed by fire, with all its contents, on
Thursday night of last week. The wife of
Mr. H. is a maniac, and ha to be chained,
and when this fire was discovered, her apart
ment was enveloped in name. Her hus
band, however, rushed into the flames, sever
ed the chain with an axe, but found it im
possible to escape through the door. The
Hageratown New says:
He accordingly attempted to extricate her
through th window, and had nearly succeed
ed when sho broke from him and fell back
ward into the burning building. To again at
tempt her rescue seemed sure destruction.
Yet the faithful husband faltered not. De
spite tho entreaties and efforts of the only
neighbor who had arrived to witness hi ca
lamities, and yet too late to aid, he deter
mined upon one more effort. Again spring
ing through the window, now enveloped in
flame, he succeeded in reaching the object of
hi perilous undertaking. A shoit and des
perate struggle ensued it was a struggle of
life aud death but the superior strength of
the husband triumphed, and again he appear
ed through the window, this time bearing
successfully the object of hi devotion and
peril.
Strange a it may seem, the wife was but
lightly injured. Mr. H., however, suffered
severely. .His head, hands and tody w
badly burned.' . :'
PEN NSYLVAKIA LEGISLATURE.
Hassiisoro, Jan. 19, 1840.
Senate Mr. Best, from 8eleet Committee
to whom the subject was referred, reported a
bill in favor of ths erection of a new county
out of Lucerne, to be called Lackawana, with
aa amendment.
BiU in Plact.lr Mr. Small, to exempt
th homestead of insolvent debtors from lery
and sale.
House. Prayer by the Iter. Mr. Meick.
Th joint rules reported some dsys sine
for th government of business were amend
ed and adopted.
Mr. E vans, (of Chester.) read in place a
bill to abolish mili'.ia trainings; to diminish
the cost of collection of State taxes, and pro
viding a sinking fund to extinguish the State
debt ; which bill was read and referred to the
Committe on Ways and Means.
Mr. Fegely reported joint rules relative to
pensions, which were adopted.
Mr. Myers uttered a resolution requesting
the Committee on the Judiciary to bring in a
bill providing for the election of flour and
leather inspectors for the city and county of
Philadelphia. A motion to proceed to a sec
ond reading was lost yeas 45, nays 50.
Mr. Nicholson reported a bill providing for
tho redemption of the Relief issues.
Mr. Little (Judiciary) reported adverse to
tho bill to repeal the act of 16th April, 1830,
relative to taking lands in execution.
The following bills were read in place :
A bill to incorporate the Reading Manufactu
ring Company; a bill to incorporate Mauch
Chunk Water-works; a bill to establish a
general Telegraphic Law ; a bill to equalize
tho value of Bank notes.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Washington, Jan. SO, 1848.
Mr. Calhoun had a severe fainting fit tho
day before yesterday, and although slightly
recovered from its effect, looked very wretch
ed when I saw him in the Senate. At one
time it was expected he would not live till
Monday ; but this fear was evidently prema
ture. The Finance Committee of the Senate yes
terday came to the conclusion to recommend
the coinage of gold eagles and of double gold
eagles ($20 pieces ;) as also the coinage of sil
ver two and a half cent pieces, together with
pennies, (cents of a mixture of silver and cop.
per,) which shall have the effect pf essential
Iv reding tne present clumsy size of our
copper coin which excludes it almost from
circulation in the Southern and Southwestern
States Out of respect for tho distinguished
Secretary of the Treasury, no bill was drawn
but the same entrusted to Mr. Walker, who
will, no doubt, do the subject ample justice.
The Bill providing for the coinage of this new
coin will also contain provisions for tho ap
pointment of a U.S. Assayerat San Francis
co, with the privilego of running gold of a
certain fineness into bars of $100, $200 in
value and providing them with the stamp of
the United States, which will make them a
legal tender. When the Bank of England,
after the war with France, resumed specie
payments, it was tound impossible to coin
money fast enough to meet the exigencies of
the case, and a bill was accordingly introdu
ced, and parsed Parliament, allowing the
Bank of England to meet its indebtedness in
bars of gold or bullion. The position of the
Government in regard to the gold diggers in
California is somewhat similar. No mint
could pretend to coin money fast enough to
meet the demand upon it in that quarter, and
for the purpose of exportation, gold in bars,
with a government stamp of it value, is even
preferable to coin.
The news of Mr. Clay's stay at Baton
Rouge, and of his travelling with General
Taylor to Washington, has produced quite a
sensation here, and is variously interpreted.
Some see in it a sign of the return of "the
good old times," while others incline to the
opinion that Mr. Clay's amiability and meek
ness, will last even after his election to the
U. S. Senate. My own opinion is that Mr.
Clay, once with one foot safely in tho stirrup,
will soon again be seated in the saddle; but
whither ho will ride, is a question I would
not venture to decide. 1 have no doubt now,
but that the Cabinet of General Taylor will
be strongly Whig at the beginning, just as
General Harrison's was ; but that its modus
operandi will be much more conciliatory. It
will be personally strong and collectively
mild, if tho essence of a thing can bo milder
than the substance from which it is extracted
Mr. George Evans has come down here to
take tho dimensions of tho Treasury Depart
ment, and it is believed now that Mr. Abbot
Lawrence, of Boston, will have but little
chance of spending "a hundred thousand dol
lars per annum as a Cabinet Minister."
CALIFORNIA NEWS.
All not Gold that Glistens. A gentle
man connected with the U. S. corps of Engi
neers, which has been orered by the Govern
ment to California, yesterday stated a fact
that may be of service to those persons in our
midst who are touched with the "yellow fe
ver." Calling last week upon a distinguished
chemist in New York, he was told that five
parcel of gold from California were sent to
the chemist to be assayed. One of the par
cels was found to be nearly pure gold ; the
remaining four parcels, valued at 880,000,
upon trial, were not found to be worth 80
cent; and the chemist expressed hi opinion
that one fifth only of the dust gathered in the
gold regions would be found of any value.
Boston Traveller.
From the New York Herald
Thbec weeks Lates Intelligence from
California. Highly Important Confirma
tion of the Accounts from the Gold Mines.
We received last night an extremely inter.
eating correspondence from our agent in Cali
fornia a gentleman who has been a resilient
there for several years confirming, in every
particular, the accounts which we have hi
therto received privately, as well a officially,
from this wonderful region. This intelligence
is thrco weeks later than any received in this
city. The last new we had reached down
to the 25th of October. This correspondence
is dated at Monterey, on November the lfilh.
We shall publish it to-morrow, at length.
W cannot hesitate to declare that, from
th statements made by our oorrewpoudeot,
there are strong reason (r believing that all
JOURNAL.
the government officers now in California are
digging for gold, night and day, and that when
they leara that country many of them will
probably be worth a million of dollar. Gor.
Maaon and all his officers, men, mules, and
wagons, with the exception of two or three
men who were obliged to remain at Monte
rey, at head quarters, hare been three times
st th gold diggings up the Sacramento, en
gaged in the moat active manner in collect
ing the metal, which was found in the great
est abundance. Our correspondent also states
that lump of gold of a pound weight hare
been frequently found, and piece can be dug
out of the crevice of rock ; that it ia the
most wonderful country ever yet discovered.
In confirmation of these statements, he writes
by a private letter, under his own signature,
which, if known, would command the belief
of the most incredulous community the sun
ever shone upon.
We also learn that Col. Stevenson, formerly
of New York, is figuring wonderfully in Cali
fornia. Hi regiment is disbanded, and the
wholo of them are engaged in the gold dig
gings. Our correspondent is of opinion that
should operations go on in the sanio ratio
they have begun, upwards of one hundred
millions of dollars will be annually collected in
California. We may odd that we have re
ceived this communication from Monterey,
via the city of Mexico, Vera Cruz and New
Or!ea",s. The schooner W. E. Collis, Capt.
Jarvis, left Vera Cruz on the 3d inst., and ar
rived on the 11th inst. at New Orleans,
whence we received our despatces by mail.
It will be seen by our telegraph reports to
day that information up to the 16th of Nov.
has been received by the Government, which
is not calculated to abate the California fever.
Letters have been received at New York
from Chagres and Panama to the 1st inst.,
which is a month later than previous dates.
The passengers by the Falcon, 201 in num
ber, and those by the John Benson, abont 50,
all reached Panama in safety. Tho eager
first few paid enormous prices for the pas
sage over to the Pacific, but those who took
matters more quietly went over at the regu
lar prices. The natives about Chagres were
much astonished at the irruption of these
Northern Argonauts, and more especially at
the quantity of luggage they carried there
being among ,he party 1,700 trunks and 100
tons of oilier baggage. No passenger was
sick at Chagres. The letters from Panama
do not spenk of any crowd of persons there
waiting conveyance to the North. The Cali
fornia had not arrived but was expected
about tho 10th inst. We understand that
Lieut. Frisby, of the Albany Company attach
ed to the New York Regiment, has written
to his family that he has accumulated S200,
000 worth of gold dust. It will be remem
bered that the whale 6hip Washington, of
ISew London, which put into Monterey at the
lime of the first breaking out of the gold fe
ver, was deserted by all her crew. A letter
has been recently received at New London,
from one of these runaway gold seekers, sta
ting that "the shabbiest sheep of the old
Washington's crew has got $450,000 worth of
gold, and I have got much more."
LATE FROM CALIFORNIA.
Increase ! the Gold Fever.
1 ne editor ot tne new lone Herald says
he has a confidential letter, the intelligence
in which is too astounding for belief, and he
therefore does not publish it. Tho following
is the first alluded to :
Our placer, or gold region, now extends
over 300 or 400 miles of country, embracing
all the cracks and blanches on the east side
of the river Sacramento, and one side ol the
San Joaquin. In my travels, I have, when
resting under a tree and grazing my horse,
seen a few pieces of pure gold picked up
from the crevice of the rocks or slate where
we were stopping. On one occasion, nooning
or refreshing on the side of a stream entirely
unknown to diggers of "prospectors," or ra
ther, if known, not attended by one of my
companions, in rolling in the sand, said "Give
ne a tin pan ; why should we not be looking
in gold sands?" He took a pan, filled it with
sand, washed it out, and produced in five
minutes $2 or 3 worth of gold, merely say
ing, as he threw both pan and gold on the
sand, "I thought so."
Perhaps it is fair that your readers should
learn that however plenty the Sacramento
Valley may afford gold, the obtaining of it
has its disadvantages. From the 1st of July
to the 1st of October, more or less, one half
of the people will have fever and ague, or in
termittent fever, which takes them from the
first day of digging until they have been one
hundred miles from the -'Placer," fifteen or
twenty days In tho winter it is too cold to
work in the water ; but from next April to the
following July, one million of dollars of pure
gold, or more, per month, will be produced
from this gold region, without digging more
than three feet deep. Some work in the
sand by washing from the surface in a wooden
bowl or tin pan ; some gouge it out from the
rocks or slate ; the more lazy ones roll about
and pick up the large pieces, leaving the small
gold for the next emigration.
At present, the United States, receive but
a small part of our "placer." You may believe
me, when 1 say that for some time to come,
California will export yearly, nearly quite
half a million of ounces of gold, twenty-two
to twenty-four carat fine ; some piece of
that will weigh sixteen pounds, very many
one pound. Many men who began last June
to dig gold with a capital of $50, can now
show $5,000 to $15,000. I aw a man, to.
day, making purchase of dry goods, ice, for
his family, lay on the counter a bag made of
raw hide, well sewed up, containing one hun
dred ounce. 1 observed, that is a good way
to pack gold dust. He very innocently re
plied "All the bags I brought down are that
way; 1 like the size!" Five such bags in
New York woflld brine near $10,000. Thia
man left his family last August. Three
months' digging and washing, producing four
or five bags of 160 onnce each, is batter than
being mate of a vessel at $40 per month, a
the man formerly was. Hi companion,
Mexican, who camped and worked with him:
only had two or three cowhide bags of gold
In this tough, but true golden tale, you
must not imagine that all men are equally
successful. There are some who bar don
b'lter; even' te ftV in a month; man)
iOOO during th summer; and others, who
refused to join a Company of gold washers
who had a cheap mad machine, and receive
one ounce per day, that returned td the set
tlements with not a rest pocket full of gold.
Some left with only sufficient to purchase a
horse and saddle, and pay the physician six
ounce of gold for one ounoe of quinine, calo
mel and jalap in proportion. An ounce of
gold for advice given, six ounces a visit bring
the ferer and ague to be rather an expensive
companion. A well man has his proportion
ate heavy expense, also, to reduc hie piles
or bags of gold. Dry beef in th settlement
at 4 cents per lb., at the Placers, il to $2
per lb.; salt beef and pork, $50 to $100 per
bbl.j flour $30 to $75 per bbl.J coffee, sugar
and rice, 50 cts, to $ 1 per lb. As washing is
fifty cents to a dollar a garment, many prefer
throwing away their used up clothes to pay
ing the washerwoman ; that is, if they intend
returning to tho settlements soon, where they
can purchase more. As to shaving, I have
never seen a man at the Placer who had
ime to perform that operation. They do not
work on Sundays, only brush up the tent,
blow out the emery or fine black sand from
the week's work. Horse that can travel
only one day, and from that to a week, are
from $100 to $300. Freight charge by launch
owners for three days' run, $5 per barrel.
Wagoners charge 10 to $100 per load, t wen
ty to fifty miles, on good road. Corn, barley,
peas and beans $10 a bushel. Common pis
tols, any price ; powder and lead very dear
I know a physician who, in San Francisco,
purchased a common made gold washer at
$20 or $30, made of 70 or 80 feet of boards.
At a great expense he boated it up to the
first landing on the Sacramento, and there
met a wagoner bound to one of the diggings
with an empty wagon, distant about fifty
miles. The wagoner would not tako up the
machine under $100. The doctor had to con-
t, and bided his time. June passed over
rich in gold ; all on that creek did wonders,
when the wagoner fell sick, called on his
friend the doctor, whose tent was in sight ;
the doctor came, but would not administer
the first dose under the old sum of $100,
which was agreed to, under a proviso that
the following doses should be furnished more
moderate. When a man's time is worth $ 100
a day to use a spade and tin pan, neither doc
tors or wagoners can think much of a pound
of gold, aud you may suppose merchants, tra
ders and pedlars are not slow to make their
fortunes in these golden times.
In San Francisco there is more merchan
dise sold now monthly, than before in a year.
Vessels after vessels arrive, land their car
goes, dispose of them, and bring up tho dust,
and lay up the vessel, as the crew are soon
among the missing. The cleanest clear out
is where the coptuin followed the crew.
There are many vessels in San Francisco that
cannot weigh anchor, even with the assis
tance of three or four neighboring vessels.
Super cargoes must land cargo on arriving, or
have no crew to do it for them. Some ves.
scls continue to go out to sea with small crews,
at $50 per month for green hands. Old
hands are too wise for them, and prefer dig
ging an ounce or two a day, and drinking
hock and champaign at half an ounce a bot
tle, and eating bad sea bread at 81 per pound.
1 have seen a captain of a vessel, who by his
old contract in the port from whence he sail
ed, was getting $60 per month, paying his
cook S75, and offering $100 per month for a
steward, his former cruw, even to his mates,
having gone a "prospecting."
Uncle Sam's ships suffer a little tho same
way, although they offer from $100 to $500
for the apprehension ofadeserter. The Ohio
however, laid in the port of Monterey about
a month, and lost only 20 or 30 men.
THE DISEASE BTILL a pn EASING.
The gold fever still continue to rage. Ex
peditions are being planned in all part of the
Union. The latest advices, too, are calcula
ted to increase rather than abate the excite
ment. It is said that official accounts have
been received at Washington, and of a char
acter so extravagant that the Government
hesitate to make them public. A gentleman
named Jett, recently arrived at St. Louis
direct from California, give some nseful infor
mation. He is a physician, and during his
absence, he explored the most of Oregon and
California. He came bj way of Panama and
Chiicres: and he states the following facts
o
connected withthe route, expenses, and mode
of conveyance across the Isthmus : The ex
peuse for transporting freight from Chagres to
Panama is dollar per hundred pounds, twenty
four miles, of which is by land, and the resi
due by watei. The land carriage is perform'
ed entirely by pack mules, whose cargo con
gists each of 300 lbs. weight; five miles of
the road is very bad, and nothing can be car
ried except iu appropriate packages adapted
to be packed on mules. The charge is sev
enty-five cents a hundred, and six dollars hire
for the use of a mule to ride across to the wa
ter transportation- The water carriage i ac
complished in large-size canoes, the proprie,
tors of which charge 25 cent a hundred ; in
addition to which each passenger is charged
foui dollars fare to Panama. On reaching
Panama you have to procure a lighter to take
you out to the vessels in the offing, which is
an additional cost of four dollar for each
trip of the lighter ; several, however, going
out can join together in employing one of
these small boats. At Pansma it is imposai
ble to procure any kind of accommodation
under four dollars a day ; adventurer would
consequently do well to take their tents and
camp equipage with them, so that in the
event of detention at Panama, they could
pilch their own tents, and save themselves
this great expense for rather poor living. A
steamer make the trip from Panama to San
Francisco in from ten to twelve day, and
Dr. Jett thinks there will be no risk of any
very great detention at Panama ; the trip
from Chagres to Panama Vis accomplished
with ease in twenty-four hours, and without
any detention whatever. At Chagres it is
very unhealthy, the prevailing disease being
fever and ague, but on the Pactfio side the
climate is salubrious and healthy.
Ho say he ha read no account sine his
ai rival in the United State that exaggerate
either the quantity r quality of th gold. He
further state that the gold is tsnad ia dry
ravines, a' we a those covered wn water
Explosion or Steam Boilers. We learn
(hat Mr. Richard L. Lloyd, of this countrl
has the assurance of a patent from our gov
ernment for the discovery of an invention for
the prevention of the explosion of steam boi
ler. The contrivance or invention is th re
sult of long and thorough investigation and
experiment made by him, and is designed
.o araw on the gas, or tho electricity, as he
denominates the exnlosire airent irrneratud
" nolle, leaving the active andrmov
live qualities of the .team unimpaired; and
Hi ihWI Mhuin of the water in
the boiler the machine,, i. entirelv
harmless. For rears oast .. '
. i . - fiiuionn nave
been made in Europe and in this country for
the purpose of testing steam electiksity as an"
operative agent, and to prevent explosion of
steam boilers, but very little ha been demon
strated thereby, except to satisfy th mind
of one or more eminent scientifio individual?'
that the principal element of steam is elec
tricity, and that this electricity is the explo
sive power and agent. If the inretion of so
invalubie a means of saving the life and limb
of human kind from the risks and danger of
steam has been reserved to the genius of a
citizen of this county, we have reason to feel
a degree of sectional and national pride, and
to congratulate the world upon this important
discovery. PAtfa. Ledger.
-it ji n n i B n ,
January 2d, by the Rev. G. H. Day Mr.
Geo. Fowler, to Miss Caroline Richart,
both of Briar Creek township. Columbia co
On the 4th, by tho same Mr. Wm. Robbins
to Miss Rachaf.l Kitchen, both of Light St.
In Milton, on the 18th inst., bv the Rev. 8
C. Hepburn, J. Hogan Brown, U. S. Navy.
Alabama, to Emma, daughter of Samuel Hep
burn, Esr., of t hit place.
Ill i Lewistown, on tho 9th inst., by Rev. J
S. Woods, D W. Woons, Esq., Editor of the
"Union (Mar. to MixMiioiirT J-- -1.1....
daughter of Joseph Milliken, Esq.,' of the for-
sin.
At iVluncy, on the 2d inst., by Rev. Geo.
Parson, Mr. IIenrv Gear HART, fif riiiiuill..
to Miss Doratha Trick, of Muncy Creek tp!
D1KD,
In Milton, on thi 14th in., XT;., xi inv
LUDWIG. n?ed 52 vearn. A mnmh. .-.I ot
day.
In Milton, on the 14th int Wtt l tai
on of Mr Elias Walton, aged about 2 years'.
JH..HwisburJ' 0,1 lhe 4lh inst.. ELIZA-
i n, w ue oi ir. jonn Jones, aged 30 year.
ORPHANS COURT
SALE.
IV OTJCK is hereby given that, in pursuanc of
L ' an order of the Orphan's Court of Narthui-t.
berland county, will be exposed to sale, at the
Court House, in 8unbury, on Saturday the 17th
day of February next, at 10 o'clock in the fore
noon, th undivided half part or mouHy
or a certain Lai of Grsaad.
situate in Upper Augusta township Northumber
land county, ajoining lands of Jno.G. Younproan ;
on the North, Gideon Market on the South and
Gobin on the North West, containing ten acres
more or less; al.su: tlie undivided half part or
moiety of another lot, called "the Rush lot," situ
ate in the township aforesaid, adjoining lots of
Frederick and Daniel Haas. Thomas Robins, Lew
is Dewart and Charles Gobin, containing ten acres
more or Irs,. Late tiie uroncrtv of John Rnhin.
ate of lhe Borough of fcunbiirv dee'd. The amid
undivided half or meiety being the interest of Ann
Komns a minor cuild of Elizabeth Hobina dee'd.,
and one of the heirs and legal representatives of
John ltobins dee'd., in said premises.
Terms of sale will lie made known on tlia dav
above mentioned by
JOSEPH C. ROBINS,
Guardian of Ann Robins.
By order of the Court,.
Martin Irwin Cl'k, O. C.
Buubury Jan. S7th, 1849. ts.
Auditors' Aotice.
THE undersigned appointed auditor by the
Orphans' court of Northumberland county,
in the matter of John Barrett and HughM'Elrath,
administrators of the estate of James Barrett,
dee'd., will attend to the duties of bis appoint
ment at his office in Sunbury on 8aturday the 3d
day of February next, at 10 o'clock, A. M. When
and where all persons interested can attend.
CHARLES PLEASANTS, Auditor.
Sunbury, Jan. 27, 1840
Estate of Samuel Smith, late t
Point township Nortbamlsor
land county dee'd.
V OTICE ia hereby given, that letters of ad-
ministration on the abov aatat have ban
this day granted by the Register of Nerthnmbes
land county, to the undersigned, living at DtJk
ville, Columbia county, all person ImVrMrd to
said estate are requested to make immediate pay.
ment, and those having claims to present th same
properly authenticated.
EDWARD H. BALDY.
Sunbury Jan. 37th, 1849. 6L
Notice.
THE public are hereby notified that I bar pur
chased at Constable's sale oil the 11th of
January inst., the following articles, sold as the
property of Abraham fcarvis, which I have left
with the said Sarvis until I shall see proper to re
move them.
1 Wagon
$15,00
1,73
2,00
2,00
2,50
IS
7,50
5,00
20 bushels Cora
more or less, at
43 cts. per bush. $8,80
12 bushel OaU 3.48
1 Plough
1 do
1 Harrow
1 Cultivator
1 Cuttingbox
1 Cow
8 acres of Wheat
in the ground at
$2,50 per acre 20.00
3 Calves
80 acres of Rv
1 set of Harness
6 Pigs
1 Log Chain
1 Grubbing Hoe
1 Clock
2,37$
3,184
2,00
16
100
and Wheat 34,1J
1 set of Black
smiths Tools 10,00 '
REUBEN FEGELY.
Sunbury Jan. 20, 1849 3U .
It
AY RUM An excellent article for aU
by HENRY MASSER.
Sunbury Jan. 27th, 1849 tf.
WHEAT WANTED.-On dollar par
bushel, cash, will be paid for good wheal
by IRA T. CLEMENT.
Sunbury Jan. 27th, 184t
DADD'S celebrated Hon aid CatU Medi
cine for sale by HENRY MAS8ER.
Sunbury Jan. 27th, 1849 tt
WINDOW GLAeisT by 10, for ak by .
HENRY MASSER.
Sunbury Jan, 27th, 1849 tt . 1
BAR IRON of ail kinds for sale low, at th
store of . C. 8. BOGAR.
8uubury Jan. 20th, 1349 tt 1
pLASTER.aUforby;
Sunbury Jan, 20th, 189.-4t , .
oYRUP MOLA88E&--ujrior refilled Syrup
O Molasses for sal by HENRY MAHSEsL,
Huuljury, Dec, 2, 1848.'
CAPS An assortment jusf" receiwA Aba,
- silk H ATH at $255, for sale by
H. 'MAMRR.
Xnnburv, Tc- '", ; l"tl '