t V NB 10 A M l". B T ifi A : ti i tin ii it ii it ii 11 j 11 i II. B. MASSEll, EDITOK AND PltOHUETOR. NEW SERIES VOL. 1, NO. 2. TERMS OF THE AMERICA'. "Till! AMERICAN 1 pnl.lWied every &ituniy at TWO DOLLAHS per annum t le paid hull yearly In advanru. Mpipaper diacmtinucd nmil all arrenmiri- are pniil. Aii communimttlnna iir Icttern on btifinera relating to the office, In Uuure altentinn, main lie POST I'AID. TO. CLUES. Three copica to one addrcaa, 8', 00 ievcn lo Io 10 no Fifteen Do Do auiio ; F ive dnllara in advance will pay for three year", mbacrip 'tion 10 the American. - One Square of 1(1 line, 3 time., ' Every aubacqncnl him-rlion, One Square, 3 mouiha, month., Ono year, tusinca Card, of Five line, per anmim, Mcrchanta and other., arivcrtndns; by the year, with the privilege of inserting dif ferent advertiacmenta weekly. tS" Larger Advertisement, a. per agreement. f 100 as S.TO 375 cito 3 00 1000 H. B. MASSES., ATTORNEY AT LAW, 8UITBTJRV, PA. DuslnMia eitetideil In in ihe Cotintin of Nor ttburrlrlanJ, Union, Lycoming and I'oltwiibia, Refer toi P. & A. Fnviil'nT, I.nwin & Uinnn-v, tonii) & SnnnoRAia, l'htlutl. Krtholiis, McKiiLiri A Co 8f smo, O0011 Co., fJeorjfe J. Weaver, nOPE MAKER & SHIP CHANDLER. No. 13 North Water Street. Vhiladclphia. WW A 3 ronatanlly on hanJ. general nssiri ?H ment of Cordage, Seine. Tinca. etc., iz : Tar'il Rope, Fishing Ronaa, While Uoioj, M.mil la Ko(8, 'Cow liinm for O-itial H m. AN-m complete aaaortineiit of Seine Twine. An. nurli -llemp Hliart ami Herring Twine, Bei I'at.-nt M Net Twine, Cotton 8h,l anil Hcriinn Twit e, Sh i Tlirea.ls, Ac. Ac Al, Hml Conl. Plouih Line. H aliens Trace.. Cotton ml t.itieu C irtwt l3h iii. Ac, all of trhii'h ho will i!iiiw "f on rMrn ih'e tel mo. I'bilntlelphia. Novembci 13, l-!7. ly C2 S2S sr co ro i Wrlglit'N Indian Vegetable rills. Henry Moirr. Sunhny. E. A J. Kiuffinm, Angnsti l'iwnhi. lohn H. Vine til, Chillisquaqui). Knae A Betgntiefser. F.lyluig. Kamiiel Hrb. Little Mi'mn.iy, Willwrn Depp-n. Jack -n. Irelinil anJ Haynra. Mi Bwi n-vill,-, William Heimn A Brother, Mill-.fi. I'or.ylhf, Wilaon A Co., Noiltiuin'.ieil 111 1 .lame Rfed, Pnlt.irrnve. O. W. 8cott. It.lfhville. W, A R Fi'Ri-lv. 8liHinokinto.vn. flhmle. A Farrow Snyileratown. A mo. T, Bi'iaeK, Tiirlmiav iPe Ilinor.il'e Hnl.hue, Upper Mah in iy, J- hn O. l!iiin. ilo d 1. E. Ii Pi;'. Watmntown. Whole"e, ! the ollico aril pener .1 i'rp.it, lf 'J llace PhiUilelpliia. l) e, IH. IS 17. ly Watclies .Jewclivfy full Jewelled Coll Levers r f 10, Wnn.Mtid JACOB LA!DCT."JS, No. 846, Market strett. PHILA DEl.l'.'tlA, HAS eonallint'jr on h:lml a Inrue ii.orinii'iil ,.( Gold and Hilver Watch, a, uX the f.illd 1 i g low price. Full JewelleJ Gold L- r f 10 On Sitter d.i ?l (Ml Gold !.rpin., full Jewelled, 3d 00 Silver l.epine, 13 Oil Silver CJunliiMii, 00 nn,t HI 00 With l.rje a.anrlment nf Fur. J kwki.lkh t uch a. ear ring,, finger ting hr 1st pina, bran tela gulil and ailver ponrili, cold chain. Ac. H i. lao on hand acomplt-le af.nit.iienl Imnetle. iatcni nd plain Watch clasaen, M 1111 Springs Vcrg. s. Dial, ami Hnd. of e't-ry ilrscription ; and in l et, complete a,.nrtm -nl i f Wntchmlo a' In il. nn l Watch Material', to which he w uM call iho at tention of the country ir n'o in geon il. 5j Tbn.e wihing miyihinit in (lm a''0i! I'na. would find it In ihrir adviniaje tun I anJ ext. nine hi. alock bifoie purc,ia,ing rl.'where. JAHOU I.ADDMU'. No. 316 Harki'l ftr.ei, below 8h, Ph ladelphia, 8. pt25, 1847. 6m CHALLENGE ! C II A LLEN G E ! THE CHALLENGE We have ol .erv d ve. ty patiently for year pi.l the fi vcre I at tempi, hy aoma of our f'aterni y 1 1 forco a r pu taiion which ihrir 1 mfe.i-1 -nal tkill alone mu-l M (ogive (hem. And we would rominiiR our tilnn ihai rvnl'on, linger it e coni msne.. of an nnh . atered merit, were it not mora than pol.iMs that thia .pecie f fanhronaile mny iliveil iIih p'.ili'ic eye f.om a eindul ei iinnnnti. n into the meriia nf the muliiiud-of profi-.nra in Ihe D:ii;iierie in nrt. W would .an mirit .irk an h.ii"i.il e pul liri ty.and iheieliy win lm it If enlilen npinioi a; hut a di pii-e that mix ruble chicanery ly India mere pretence gain an ovmimi over einnine wnila, Il ia to make 'hi. v ulting kmhiii.ni over lenp ilnelf or withdraw i'. .purinna claio a. Ihal we now tlf.liaf.cn i' fancird arruiilv by thiowing the g'nve f"i an honnrali e tr.i of .kill. Our a'gi' i $."00 that the average of a s'nen numbi r of .In guerrrolyne. eieruidal Iht I) iguerre 111 flulli iy of M P. 8IMONS. 179 Chrenut .inet. xill nhi. Iiilaareiler amount nf prrf.ction in l ie an than nv aimilar averace number lr 111 :i 1 y o'h r g ille yy in the Unil'd S ale. Thia i-i no idle bo . I we mean what we aay. Wh are di-ii"UMl at ihn public .hou'd givt' thrir patroiiage to mi'iil not ueene. We a k inve.liealinn, free, rieid. imnarti ! in. ligation. Vt have lhron ihi- glove. Wo will prk itnp! M. P KIOS. 179 Cheai ul oppoa'fe 8. ate Home, Philad. N. U. Il will l underir d bv our connliy friend, thai ihe almve cballrnge ha never yel i'em accepted, and we al.o wi.h it umlect oil, that a did not intend to m ike by ihia wuger, hi we have already rpr. a id our i lention "o appro, priaia the uriie to aome chiritabla pnrw.e. . M. P SIMONS. Philadelphia, Feb. 19, 1818 3 n. Another Farm THE bir of John Toeum.dee'd . (T-i fir aale II thai Farm of Iheira aiiuaie in Sham kin townahlp, No.lliuniberUnd county, mar MnulU town, and adjoining Ihe old Hiamhach aland in Mid lewnahip, containing about two hundred si re. mora or lea, in good of cultivation. Tho Rail Road from Sunbury.to Blumokint.iwn pane, tbrougb it. For pailicul ir. enquiie of HUGH H. TEATS. SnurT.o.n. .JOHN FA RNS WORTH. B.ii.bu.y, Dee.. 1 1, 1847. 01 any nf the hen.. . 1TOT TOO LATE- GREAT BARGAINS may yet l a ha. I l Pi a ' Bt'aHTuai. Ha 'i! h a a larje (.-a rtmeiii el Good., whicb ha will aril at fi.it cut. B. ioa dr. tarminad to die nlmua the kuiniu, h will aell eery low. A aaving ,,f 85 or 80 per rem. can I ajada by ptl'ehaaing at hu at ore. Call and eiatn in fur youiMlvau. j- All kinJ uf eournry ,,ra due taken, at lbebgbeal roaiket prira. eunhu'V, Deceuibtr Itli, I HI V if , a JFamHg fictospaptr-tortotrt to floimcs, aftcrauut, wraing, jrxretfln mill Omntk iictos, A FIRESIDE SKETCH. THE I'OOIl ME WIMYEi:. TRANSLATED FROM THE GKltMAN. "Knw, (hen, the truth of eivernment divine, Ami let these acmplt'B be lij I irigcr lliine.' In one of the retired streets of a popu lous country town, livrd a young linen weaver, of an upright and pious character, but exceedingly poor. Himself and his af fectionate partner were dial i'.!ruis1ird in the place for their extraordinary piety. Often, lor werks together, in the mid, t of thrir arduous labor, they had nothing to eat but potatoes and salt. They ardently loved each other and were cheerful and hpppy. Whoever visited this worthy couple, was delighted with their agreeable society; many gladly partook of their humble far?, on purpose to enjoy their sweet, religious conversation. Once on a fine summer evening, a well dressed man called at the door of their hum ble coltaje, who, afler an allxtionate salu tation, informed the young weaver that he was travelling to a distant village, but had missed his way, and that if he would he kind enough. to accompany him a mile or two, he would compensate him for his trou ble. The weaver sprang from h'13 s at and putting on his well-worn but decently patched garment, undertook to guide the stranger in his way. They discoursed 0:1 various matters, entertaiiii.ig each other, and continued, until it began to grow dark, when suddenly the s'.ranri r drew a whistle from his pocket, and sounded it to loud, that it S 'nt a cold shudder thr nHi tlie frame of the linen wcart r. In an instant, ten stout, terrible looking men leaped from an adjoining hedge, and entered i:Uo ear nest conversation with the stranger, who appeared to be their chief, respecting the robbery of a neighboring mill. The cap tain of the band introduced the linen wea ver to them, as a newly-favored comrade, not yet inured to their business. The un happy man fell on his knees, and b 'g.red with most earnest entreaty to be released ; but the robber held a pistol to his breast, threatening him with instant death if he refused to comply whereupon two of the stoutest took hold of his arms and walked away with him. They arrived at the mill about midnight, and broke it open, while the captain, in company with several ro' bers, remained at a distance to watch. Kul they had been tracked : tho measure of their iniquity was now full. Tha captain and some of the robbers, together with the linen weaver, were apprehended am! im- pri.-onod, lint 1 hr i ...f rsc."trcd. Meantime the wife of the weaver began to be alarmed and distressed; her he.iband remained out, and when she found that he did not return in the morning, her distress of mind became overwelming. Her kind neighbors went ins"arch of him, but could hear no tidings. About evening the news arrived that th? mill had been robbed, and the wi aver apprehended with the robbers. Hit distress now arose to its height. She left her children in the care of a neighbor, and proceeded with all possible haste to the prison. She applied to a magistrate, and gave him as circumstantial an account of the matter as she knew how, while 0:1 hi r bended knees she begged and implored his aid for the liberation of hi r iinfortuv.ate husband. Tho magistrate, who fi II a deep sympathy for the unfortunate woman, could do nothing in behalf of her husband, though he gave her permission to see him. The mectini which took place was in describable. They raised together their imploring hands, to the Judge'of the inno cent. The weaver encouraged his wife to maintain unshaken confidence in God, who, he assured her, would never abandon them in the extremity of their trial. They pir ted, mutually strengthened, and humbly resolved to plead with God for a happy is sue. The government, in consequence of the frequent robberies that had recently follow ed in quick succession, was obliged to en force tha law with rigor ; the poor weaver, therefore, had no reason to hope for a dis pensation in his favor, especially as he had been apprehended in company with the robbers. But a still worse feature in his case, was the dreadful (act, that the can tain of the band had concerted a plan wiih his fellows to bring the weaver to the scaf fold, let the cons?quence be what thrv might. On trial, thy all affirmed that the weaver had been with them on other cxp -ditions, naming the times, places, and cir cumstances. When the weaver pleaded his innocence, they wi r so darin as to look hira in the face, and ask himif he were not afraid, in the pr?sence of Go:!, to utter such falsehoods. Thus matters went from one court to another, the poor wea ver having no advocate but his unavailing tears. At length the trial was concluded, and all wer condemned to die. It was deci ded that the linen weaver should be hanged first; and the rest, after witnessing his i-x. cution, were to undergo the same sentence, only with this difference, that their bodies were to be quartered. The verdict had been signed by the prince, and the execu tion was to take place within three days. A deep and universal sympathy was exci ted in behalf of the weaver every one re garded him as innocent. The clergyman of the place, who well knew his innocence, administered all the consolation in his pow er, to support him in the trying crisis. The pious man summoned all his strength, and committed his wife and children to his hea venly Father. His wife cried incessantly uu lervemiy 10 me all JMURCiri'L lor de liverance. The day previous to his execu tion, she appeared the piteous object of dis tress Ix-fore the gate of the prince's man. sion, desiring an audience. It providen tially happened that while at dinner, the history of a poor father of a family was re lated, who had hoen executed innocently. SUN-nUHY, NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, I'A., SATURDAY, APRIL S, 184. This gave occasion to speak of the linen weaver ; and when her request for an au dience was presented, it was cheerfully granted. Her respectable and preposses sing appearance, in addition to her deep distress, spoke so loud a language, that the cheeks of the princess were covered with tears. She conducted her to the prince, who was so much affected, that he instantly despatched a messenger with his pardon. And it was now time for it was evening, and the next day at nine o'clock, the wea ver was to be led to execution. The mes-sen-rt r had ten leagues to travel. The princeys ordered refreshments for the weaver's wife, and after she had parta ken, she hastened with all possible speed to the place of execution, impelled with heartfelt joy and gratitude to God. Eut when she had travelled about two leagues her system failed through futLnie, and the strong excitement of her feelings. She was therefore obliged to rest a few hours, which prevent -d her from arriving till ten o'clock the next morning. The mefs-ngrr who had been sent, like wise met with an accident in the way his horse fell with him, and sprained "his ankle Providentially il was near a post bouse. He cotr.milt.d the pardon to the Po.strr.aMcr, who Icrwardcd it l y a postil lion, litit it was near bring too late. Cf all that had transpired, the weaver as yet knew nothing, and the magistrates as lilUe. Tho clock struck nine, and the knell of ex ecution sent forth its awful peal. The school children, as was the custom, came with their leachers, and hymn books, inthe prcce sion; then the weaver and his pastor; next the caplnin and his hand of robbers ; and last of all, the executioner and his as-si.-tants. A multitude had assembled from the country around about, who followed the proce.sion, attended wiih a regiment of armed sokli'.Tj who marched with s'ow and m;asur:d st"n to the place of execution. The weaver spoke not a word his distress was too d ep for either tears or language ; the pop'e, however, observed that he was intently watch d by the keen eye of the hardened robber-captain. Tlva procession nt length arrived near the s:aflbld ; the linen weaver was conduc ted up the. ladder but that instant the pos tillion came ri-.ling in full gallop; he hasti ly ban led the letter of pardon to the ma gistrate, who a.i Imtilv broke Ihr. sa!, and pro'.-!.ii:r.i d cloud 'Pn-d-.-n ! Per Jon ! JW-ton forl't'. Lh-n F:V.:-c;-."' A shout of joy then ros? up from the assembled thou sand.', that svemed to know no end. In the midst of the excitement, the robber-captain rose, an 1 be-srged permission to speak ; when crranted, he stepped forward on tho iicalloM, ana beckoned for silence. All wer I'v.tantly silent. The robber then exclnimed a'o'.rl, "T.fort is a Go !, andlh'tt Co:! !. n Gad of yt&tici. This I never be lieved till this moment therefore I never feared him, and gave myself up to crime. Sometimes in the midst of my guilty coarse, things have occurred, which 'led me to sup pose there was a God who governs the world ; but I wished to be sure of it and to be so, I thought if I could bring an inno cent and pious man into my society, and compel him to take part in our crimes, that this God could not be righteous, if he su! ftr?d him to fall in the samp punishment as ourselves. He must deliver him as hp has done to-day. Tor I declare, before this as sembly, that the linen weaver is perfectly innocent he is a pious and upright man. I have made a fair trial with him, and God has delivered him. Yes, tin-re ii a God, and. that God is a God of righteousness." He now begged to be remanded to prison, nlleging that he had some important disclo sures to, make. His request was again granted, and his promise fulfilled. In (hi? meantime they had revived the weaver, who had fainted under the excite ment caused by his sudden transition of feeling. A circle was formed round the scaffold, when a number of young men, rushing in and seizing hold of him raised him on their shoulders, and conveyed him around the streets in triumph ; others raised a contribution for him amounting to seve ral hundred guilders. Just as they were bearin? him through the streets, his wife arrived from hrr long and painful journey. She heard the shou'.insrs and saw the con course of p-ople. "Pardon for the linen weaver!" resounded in every direction and wirh sobbings of transnort the followed the procession to the public house. The meeting of husband and wif was most deeply affecting a scene of joy indescri bable. Th.iy were conveyed home in a coach which their friends had kindly pro vided for the occasion. The money which he received raised his condition in life, and the rich experience he acquired from his assured and simple confidence in God, pro duced a still more elevating effect on his Christain character. The blessinst of God continued with him; and if he still lives he must be a gray-haired man of sventv. The event occurred in the year 1798. Chriduin Observer, Cheap Postage. It was stated in a late number of tha London Times, that according to official returns, "tha number of letters con veyed by mail ia England 1839, was $76, 000,000; in 1840, 169,000,000; in 1843, S20,. 000,000; and in 1847, 322,000,000. Tha pan- ny postage system was established in 1839. Tho number of letters is now four times as great us under tho old fystem, and it is still increasing, notwithstanding tho prodigous to tul alieady uttained. The psnny postage now yields a clear revenue to the government of more than S4, 000,000 Slr.iage Circumstances. A day cr so ago, some citizens, of Allegheny, Pa., dis covered a very' neat white box floating down the Allegheny river. They a once brought it to the shore, and on opening it, atrange to behold, they found a child in it alive! two scem; in iNnni'E-vuExcL n ill. l'lllLAlELl'HI.t. '. Nearly seventy-two year next fourth of July a band of patriots were nsscmblod in what was then called Carpenter? Hall, but now better known as Independotodti Hull, in tho city uf Philadelphia. The oldest of tha number verged on eighty and tha youngest was not thirty yearn of oge. Thirteen colonies, ihroi-oh their delegates, wero then in session rtnd for what purpose? To found a mighty nation, nnd to show to tho world what "men determined to be free" could accomplish. This nsscrhblnges was composed of no common materials. Men were there some tillers of the fiP, others from thr? pulpit, and many from tho workshop and th5 profession of tli2 law rem who had everything to risk in what they undertook ; for. if unsuccessful treason was tho crime and a gibbet the reward 1 They wcrfj not laggards or HbiirgarJs in tbosa days, for Congress met as early as eight o'clock in the morning. John Hancock, tho President, took his seat regularly arthut hour and, after tho roll-call, business commenced. It was about nine o'clock in tho morning of th-J fomth of July, 1776, when five men advanced to the chair of the Tresid- nt, and submitted a report. That very tall man is Thomas Jefferson ; the next person, who makes a few remirks, nnd every member inclines his car to cateh their purpoit in h-ight not very tall or shoit but inclined to corpulency ;s John Adams : tha old man wiping his ppectaclcs is the great philosopher and patiiot, Bonjamin Franklin; ths tall man, with a pleasant Puritanic face, is Roger Sherman, of Connecticut, who was in caily life a shoemaker; pnd the last mem ber of the comrr.i'tec u handsome, aristocra tic looking gentleman is Robert It. Livings ton, afterwards minister to Fiance and Chan cellor of New York. Thess men make their report it is read. Whit is it ? The Declaration or Imjcpfx dence! Sep?rate from tin moth r country to b independent ? "Xo 1 Xo !" sirae cry. John Dickinson, of Philadelphia, rises and oppos'-s tho rrport of the committee. But s?e ! Jefferson torches John Adams on tho elbow, and ths latter nt once takes tho fbor. You can h"ar a pin drop. Adams com mences speaking, Hark to the tones cf his voiec 1 H i grows mors an intense silence p:tv el ;ore eloquent d! are anxious to hear every word that fulls from the lips of th.' M:is3elmsct!8 advocate. Deeply do those woids fall upon attentive rare-. As Jefferson sni:l in long after times. Jehu Aditms, in his f.imoe.s .speech upon the Deehinttion'was the. Colont.ua of Independence. 1 1 a tnkes his wnt mum illinium ui il'JIMllSr TniJ VotO IS- called and we ar declared furevcr separate from Cheat Biiit.wx. A few days ago a dead body was resting in this sumo hall, surrounded by all tho em blems of mourning with which wo honor the distinguished dead. Tint remnant of mortali ty but a short timo before contained a soul endowed wiih patriotism, distinguished learn ing, and an unsurpassed love of country. This body rested on the spot, where, seventy-two years beforerthu father of the dead ud vjciited tho euve of his country. The thir teen states had grown to thiity, and a mour ner from each stood beside the bier of the son. Bjih had been Presidents of the Uni ted States, and both dk-J fnll of years and honors, lamented by all. Why pay that ''itE- ri'BMCS ARBUNUHATCri'L?" -YutVs Mcssttl' ger. Locis riiiLLirpc's Family. Louis rhillip po was married to the Princess Amelia, te coud daughter of the la to King of Sicily, in 1809. By this IaJ v, late Queen of the French he has had e!:ht children, of whom six still survive : 1 Louisa, Queen of Belgium, (wife of Leo pold) born 18 12: 2 Louie, Duke of Nemours, born 1814, mar ried Victoria Augusta, of Ccburg, cousin of Prince Albert. 3 Maria Clementina, bora 1517 unmar" ied. 4 Francis, Prince do Joinville, born 1818, Admiral of the French Navy, married Frar cisca, a sister of tha Emperor of Brazil, and of tho Queen of Portugal. 5 Henry, Duke d'Aumale. born 1 822 ; mar ried to Carolina, cousin of the King of tho Two Sicilies. G Anthony, Duke of Montpensier, born 1824 ; married to the sister of the Queen of Spain. Thu oldest son of Louis Phillippe was Fer dinand, Duke of Orleans, botn 1810; kil'od by jumping from his carriage, July 1842. Ha married, in 1837, lWena, daughter of tha Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schwcrin: by whom he had two children, viz : Louis Phil lippe, (Count of Paris) born 1838, and now 10 years of age, and Robert Phillippe, Duke ofthartrcB, born 1840. ErrccTs or Severity A father in Troy recently chastised his daughter, 12or 14 years of age, with a raw hide, for being suspected of dishonesty. One week after, she died from the effect of the punishment. The father, who is an industrious and trustworthy man, is almost crazy at the sad result of his ill-judged treatment of bis only daughter. Louis PuiLirre. Who accusos Louis rhil 'ippe of cold he'artedtiess ? When he reach ed England be exelaime'd, "Thank GoJ t am once more on Britibh soil!" How different from the Corsican, whose last, look upon France was through his tears, whose adieu was in words of overpowering pathos (on Post OFFICE, CORNER Scfntce an tlu sms, STflrfculturr, THE CHAR At TEft OF TAYLOR. A correspondent enquires if wo intended ' to depreciute Taylor's military genius by tho article culogi.simj Gen. Scott, which wo rub lished on Thursday. By no means. Wash ington and Franklin were both great men, though very different in character; and Scott ond Taylor are great generals, though as op potato in mind os they well can be. Wchavo analyzed Scott's genius in the article alluded to: let us endeavor now to dissect Taylor's. Ths most prominent characteristic of the hero of Buena Vista is his raro perfection of judgment. In this respect, perhap, ho ap proaches nearer to Washington than any pub lic mm tho United States has produced in this century. There 4s nothing brilliant, in tho ordinary sense of the term, in the intel lect of Taylor. He is no mclo-dramatic hero no Crichton, no charlatan. But ho possesses that which is worth more than the mere bril liancy of genius, a consummate wisdom which rarely, or never errs in its conclusions. His campaign on the Rio Grande is a proof of this. He did not make a single movement without first having maturely considered its propriety and in no case, consequently, did ho commit a false step. Subsequent events always sus tained the acruraey of his judgment. When Scotf, preparatory to tho siege of Vera Cruz, withdrew tho regulars from Taylor, he re commended to his subordiate to abandon Sal tillo nnd fall back on Monterey. Tho same snowstion wps made by the President. But Tavlor thought this course unwise. Ho saw thaf if the enemy was to bo checked at all, he must bo mrt in the passes of tho moun tains beyond Salti'lo. Ths battle of Buena Vihta was the1 result. The importance of that victory cannot be too highly estimated. It not only preserved ihe country between Sal tillo and ths Rio Grande from returning to the hands nf tho Mexicans, but it broke the pres tige of Santa Anna's name. It did more. It crushed the best uppointed and most-numerous army the enemy had ever brought into tho field ; while it proved that the American volunteer was more than eqnal to a Mexican regular. AH these consequences tho wisdom of Taylor had forseen. The battle cf Buena Vista, moreover, was, in one sense, the cause of ail our subsequent triumphs. It would be going too far, peihnps, to say that Cerro Gor do, Contrcra? and Chapultepoc, would have been lost wi'hout it ; but wo assume it os certain, that in all tlnse combats the desire to emulate Been a Vista was foremost in the thoughts of officers and men. li Soldiers, be hal.l the sun of Aiisterii'.z," said Bonaparte, on mo morning oi tne name oi jean; aim those words, stimulating them to rival former glories, won the day. This consummate judgment is visible in every act of Taylor's public career; in his deportment to his offi cers, in his correspondence with the Execu tive, in his conduct under the thousand an noyances of campaign. But wisdom in forming opinions would be useless without the will to execute them. Taylor, however, is as resolute and prompt in action, as he is cool nnd comprehensive in judgment. When at Fort Brown ho found his communications with Point Isabel cut off, ho daringly staked all on the valor of the lit tles gariison, and marched to tho coast for ammunition and stores. Tho morning after his arrival at Toint Isabel, the report of guns ut Metamoros announced cn attack on the fort, and the army, with ono voice, generous ly demanded to bo led to tho relief of their comrades. But Tavlor hesitated. If ho left the Toint to succor Fort Brown, tha object of his late movement would be entirely frustra ted ; and accordingly ho resolved to wait at least until he could hear from tho g-,.rriton. By this decision, ho assumed a momentous responsibility, which can only be fully under stood by imagining tho obloquy ho would have suffered if Brown and his littlo detach" ment had been cut off. So, at Buena Vista, Taylor accepted battle against the advice of both Scott and the President; and if he had lost the day, nothing could have baved him from a court martial. In deciding to fight Santa Anna, he perilled every life in hisanny; for a defeat would have terminated in a sral massacre. When he refused, there fore, to ahttt himself up in Monterey, and boldly advanced to tho foot of the mountains to meet tho foe, ho assumed a responsibility which few would have ventured on, even though as fully convinced of its wisdom as himself. We doubt if there was another man in the army who wculi have risked the battle of Buena Vista under exactly similar circum stances. There can be no greater proof of tho stubborn will of Taylor than the assertion of Santa Anna, that the Americans were ihrice beaten, but that they did not know it. Some of Taylor's officers, on one of these oc casions, advised him to rotreat; but he knew that this was impossible with his com para 'ively raw troops, and ho fought on. " Every Englishman - must die here, if needs be," said Wellington at Waterloo; and Taylor held substantially the same resolute langnage at Buena Vista. His determination to con quer and his confidence ia victory were forci bly, exhibited at the final point of tha Conflict. Several assaults, and the enemy had been re pulsed, and he was r.ow making a third, and he believed, a decisive charge. At the head of a column of .infantry, and,, cavalry five thousand strong, Sauta Anna advanced to the attack.' The out-posts of the Americans were driven before him like chaff. O'Bricu'i bat tery had beeu captured; Clay and Hardin had fallen desperately - contending ; and BraggV artillery was in imminent danger. The ciiciu)- was within thirty paces of 4he OF CENTRE ALLEY & jftarhtts, amusements, c. guns. In a few seconds his myriads would be upon them. Bragg, in consternation, sent to Taylor for succor. Tho memorable rply will live as long ns history endures. Its de termined Spirit saved the day. Had Tayloi hesitated for a minute, lhat wild ocran of Mexicans would have surged over the battery, and pouring on, buried leader and soldier in one common and destroying deluge. These two qualities wisdom in deciding what to do and resolution in executing that decision are tho most valuable characteris tics that can belong to a gnneral,and invaria bly command success. Nor aro they useful only to tho eoldier. They aro tho elements of greatness in every silcaiion of life. H? who .possesses them will becomo celebra ted whatever pursuits ho embarks in. "Such men," as Bacon says, "do not find fortune, they male her." Evening Bulletin. MR. ASTOR' WILL. Tho Journal of Commerco publishes the following abstract of Mr. Astor's will. The great features of the will and its codicils are amplq provision fur all tho relations cf Mr. As'orand their children his son, Win. B. Astor, being tho groat residuary legatee. There aro no trusts created for tho benefit of relatives ; though in quite a number of ca se' only income, or a sum per annum, is to bt paid to tho present generation, with a re version to their children, or other heirs, who succeed to unrestricted possession. Tho only important bequest for the public benefit is one of S-100,000, by tho codicil of Aug. 20:h, 1839, for erecting suitable build ings, and establishing a library in New York, for free, general use. For this purpose he appropriates a plot of ground on tho southerly side of Astor Plnce, 65 fect front by 125 deep, for the building ; or, if the trustees of this bequest think it more expedient, a plot of like size o:i the east side of Astor Place. The building is not to cost over $75,000, and the land is estimated, at S35.090. Then SI 20,000 are to be expended in books, maps, statuary, fcc; and tho remainder to be pla ced at interest, to d fray the expenses of management, purchase of books, or the es tablishment of lectures, as the trustees may think best. The trustees are the Mayor of the city and tho Chancellor of tho State, cx officio, (and r.ow named as a mark of respect.) Messrs. Washington Irvinar, Wm. B. Astor. Daniel Lord, Jr.,- James G. Kins, Jos. G. Cogs well, Fitz Greene Halleck, Henry Brevoort, Jr., Samuel F. Buggies, Samuel Waul, Jr., and Charles Bristed, who are to appoint their successors. 1 he trustees are to have no pay ; nor is any of them to hold any office of e molument under the Board. There is a bequest to the poor of Waldorf, by establishing an institution for the sick or disabled, or for tho improvement of the young, of 850,000. The other public berests are as follow?, but must if not all of them, we believe, were paid in advance, during the life of the testa tor: The German Society, S20,000; Institution for the Blind, 55000 ; Half Orphan Asylum S5000 ; Lying-in-Aylum, S2000. Tho personal estate of Mr. Astor is worth from seven to nine millions of dollars, and his real estates perhaps as much more ; so hat the aggregate is less than twenty mil lions, or half tho sum we put down the other day. Either sum is quite out of our small comprehension ; and we presume that with most men the idea of one million is just a bout as large an idea as that of any number of million. Z.AMARTIXE. Lamartine is described as having "a brow- where genius eils enthroned, and a lip quiver ing with cnthuM.ism." Though nearly sixty years of age, his locks are but thinly sprink led with grey. HisfeatureSstill retain a rare beauty of expression, and his form a princely elegance. As a poet possessing a fervor of soul, a richness of fancy and a splendor of versification, which few have surpassed, us a prose writer, full or nerve, grandeur and beauty, as an o.&tor biilliant though often in coherent, as a legislator fearless, independent o J t ian J scorning tho name of partizan, and as a religious and disinterested, his brinci- all pure, his passions all noble, his in stincts all elevated, what wonder is it that la belle France has not a sen upon whom the looks with fonder pride. He seldom takes part in tho petty ques tions engendered in party strife, but when great principles aro involved, when the cause of God or humanity is concerned, ho never aits silent. In the recent debutes on Italy, no voice rang ck arer cr more indignantly against tho cold calenlating policy of the ad ministration than Lamartine's. All the warm impulses and quick sensibilities of his nafure were thoroughly aroused, and though peihaps speeches were made that would tally more exactly with the theoretical lulea of the schoolmen, none were more thrilling, none pierced their way more electrically to the very centre of the soul. He has been a deputy fifteen years, and has always spurned parly trammels. Car-AiTCRM jbom PttrsBtrac Ths Pitts' burg papers mention the departure from that city of numerous canal boat for the East, with cargoes of produce destined for Balti more and Philadelphia. .- .-. - Joroi Quite y ADAMs.-At .Maatanta, Cuba, on the 17th inst., the flags of all the vessels ia port were) at half mast, in respect to the memory of John Quincy Adams. MARKET STREET. OLD SERIES VOL. 8, NO. 8. MARSLILLAl.su HlM.tr. . This celebrated .onjr of the warriors and patriots of tho revolution, was composed by M.Joseph Rol-oec be L'Istfe, whi'o an offl. cer in tho engineer corps at Strasburg, early in the French rcvolmior, with a View of sup planting the vulgar songs then in vogue, eel lative to tho struggle then gtsli g on. Hi composed the song and music in one night. It was first calbd L'Offrando a la Liberte',' but subsequently received its present name', because it was first sung by -the Marseille confederates in 1792. It became the nation al sang of the French patriots and -warriors, and was famous in Europe and America. Tho air is peculiarly exciting. It was sur prcssod of course under tho empire and the Bourbons; tho revolution of 1830 called it up answ, and it has since become again tho na tional song of tho French patriots. The ex King of the French, Louia Phillippe, bestow' ed on its composer, who was about seventy years old at tho timo of tho last revolution, (having been born in 1760.)a pension qf 1500 francs from his private purse. We give be low an old but admirablo translation of this splendid national lyric : Ye sons of France awake to Glory, Hark, hark what myriads- bid you risp ; Youf children, wives and grandsires hoary) Behold their tears and hear the cries. Shall hateful Tyrants, mischief breedings With hiring hosts, a ruffian band, Affright and desolate the land, While Peace and Liberty lie blooding I (CAortij ) To arms! to arms ye brave! Th' Avenging Sword unshealh! March of, march on all heart On Liberty or Death ! Jresolvcd Now, now the dangerous storm is rolling Which treach'rous Kings conefcderale raise; ' The dogs of war let loose ere howling, And lo ! our field. and ci'tieo blaze. And shall we basely view the ruin, While lawless force with guilty stride Spreads desolation far and wide; With crime and blood his hands bmbruhig With luxury and pi ide surrounded, The vile insatiate devpots dare ( Their thirst of gold und power, unbounded To mete and vend the light and air. Like beasts of burden would they load as, Like tyrants bid their slaves adore ; But man is man, and who is more ? Nor shall they longer lath and goad us. O, Libert) 1 can mini resign thee, Once having felt thy geu'rout flame ; Can duugeouv, bolts and bars confine thee, Or whips thy noble spirit tame ? Too long the world has wept, bewailing That falsehood's dagger tyrants wield ; But Freedom is our sword and shield, And all their erts arc unavailing. We mentioned a day or two sinc,e that Mr. Fkeaner, who brought, the Mexican Treaty of Peace to the Government at Wa- shington, had arrived at New Orleans ori the 4th instant, on his way back to Mexicoj with despatches to the Commander, of the American forces. The New Orleans Delta) speaking of the expedition with which Mrj FncAXER has performed the duty confided to him, remarks Immediately afler the Treaty of Peace had been signed, it was brought to the City ol -Mexico by Mr. Inst, and early on the morning i iue oil reoruary iir. freaner, being entrusted with the carrying the Trea. ty to Washington, led the city of Mexico, escorted l y ti company of the Mounted Rifles. He had not, however, travelled far before he found that his escort, on ac count of its numbirs, could not keep up with him, and so he left them behind, and travelled some distance of the road alonc Overtaking a company of Illinois Horse) Mr. Fi accompanied them some distance) but soon finding that they were too slow, he again tried it alone, until he came into the vicinity of a place where he knew guerrilleros wero lying in wait. Fortu nately he lit re met a detachment of Capt. Lewis' Iiangers, under that able and ener getic effict r, Lieut. Lilly, and with their escort he was able to roach Puebla in safe ty. Thenre he proceeded without inter ruption, sometimes alone and sometimes escorted by cavalry, until he reached Vera Cruz, being less than three days on the way; Arrived at Vera Cruz, the Iris rteamer was immediately got ready, and in thirty hours after. his arrival at Vera Cruz, the steame r was ploughing the gulf, on her way to Mobile, with Mr. Freantr and the despatches alxard. It was five days before the Iris reached Mobile. Without taking an hour'? rest, Mr. Freaner immediately proceeded on to Washington, where he ar rived in six days, delivered his despatches, and delaying only until the Treaty was sent in to the Senate, returned with impor tant despatches from the government for the army. He expec.tMn eight or ten days to be in the City of Mexico, when he will have performed the most remarkable jour.' ney on record, having, in the space ci thir ty days, travelled nearly 4000 BiUesy much ' of it alone, through a hostile .country, a( incredible laW and danger. He has pe) formed double the lalior and travel of tho various messengers and hearer of despaichei sent out by the government, and" occupied the time usually required for a. train and escort to march from Vera Crua to the City of Mexico; . For these, severe, labors and j ' ineredibleexertions, Mr. Freaner deserve! well of the country, though the only 're ward he has sought or received is the oo '' aciousncss of having served his' country matter of deep coneern.--r ' ',".' - i r - r. f Tub Wheat is said ta look poorly th -western part of New York: ,. .