352
JDcuotcb ta olitic0, itcraturc, Vgricnlturc, Science, iilovalitij, ani cncral Sntclligcurc.
"c.
OL. 33.
STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA., JANUARY 13. 1876.
NO. 32.
& "by Theodore Schoch
11 , t.IHr v(,r in ','anc?;
-r--T-o ti;e rear, two doll
,Vfir in advance and if not
ars tuu uitj
1 :"fllfa-.;.."tin..ed until all arrearaj
rearagea are
nes) or
M.,J..r:he,I,,-nr,...rt,n.!s in proportion.
...r 10MW- '
jj Of ALL KIM1.
I , - ki-hft ftvlf of the Art, and n th
moil r- "j"-'"-
? "-.....i.tilii trrmi.
iM-1'1 .t
I)
, ri n ''s now building, nearly opposite
'.f in '.'"V ' a,lmniu red tr .lUctlnf
i-t!ri-
".'unc. ra.
Jan.6,'7S-tf.
r, MtlTK JOHNSTON K,
Homoeopathic Physician,
ience: Benjaniia Dungan, Cherry Valley,
MONROE COUNTY PA.
h"'l7ly:
x i.IXIVSS iilRKHtFr.
p-vsicin. Surgeon and Accoucheur,
' xNy Clt, Waynu Co., Pa.
1 , ,.niptlviteuJeJ, to '! or night.
: 5 r Mav '7o-tf.
I)
i3,.,:,:in Surgeon and Accoucheur,
"
-I rv a i.I r.fsiiiencr. M.uu Ktrect, Ktrnud
'i'.T'i'i 'j;uw b.iiluin- formerly occupied
iVi.iupt attention gircu to call.
i 7 t 1' a. iu.
l " p. :u.
I c " ? p. ni.
11. GEO. W. JACUSOX
r,
sUS .EON AD UTULTHEIL
; , ;j of I.r. A. Koeve Jaouson, i
1 rr.cr Nra'u ami IVankliu street. !
j STROUDSBURG, PA. J
i
' AUCTIONEER, j
1 r.?il Estate Azant and Collector. j
F i
! J-. .,,.-.,! -j. !t tr n.nii.. th public that !
. )? : .i .'.t ii'ltc.. p.'rniiki r fsi . t j
4... vr-r-iT.'. s; public or prifat !
4
' ' -. -T. ITt 1 v.
lUorncj at Law,
ivr "itrou'iauiifj IIotif.' i
i.-t(!: t.rainvtlr m:i t. j
; :--4. ' " !
1 !
M rru :s its uol'sk:,
4l:i 4 2T,
i i T :.:! .v'-f. PHILADELPHIA
rut?s. $l 75 per ay.-ga j
S HKNKV SPAIIN, Prop r. !
WILLIAM S. REES,
T-urTCTor, Conveyancer and j
t ''
Eeal Estate Agent. !
T.z:b?r Ln.nds and Town Lots
J
t FOR SALE.
3
j fp;v..;tc American IIoucn
It " ' : i i ' t ..
in i orner j-zore.
4
j DR. J. L A N T Z,
S:?.3E0X t MECHANICAL DENTIST.
. is, r Main nreet, in the necoDd trr
: :: " i'fe bnildiwi;. wearJr Mpitoatt the
" U , ar,j finter hiiuicif tiiat by eil
.,ii,t pri -.ii - j th iut earliest nd
to i!! nn:trra jrtaicirii; to hU pro
'"T tu p rf..ru il prraiiont
..3 :Lo mutt careful and ekill.'ul man-
' -T.:un riren -avinj th Natural Tcth ;
1: of Artificial Te-tli o Rubber.
:s '!J" f ''u'-:I"'u '.iiiui., ai.d pcrfx-tCu in all
ri'.V,r j ' k!"'lr H1 l'r"! WJy and daujrer of en
' ; r:' r''y t"ir iooxpvriencd.or U t'none li v
" ' Vi'd '" April !U, 1574. tf.
MASON I
PAPER HAXSER,
j GLAZIER AND PAINTER,
MOXUOE STREET,
:ir- 'ppos.te Kauti's Blacksmith Shop,
fSTKOCDSBl'RO, Pa.
.J' !n!tre;Sned won!, reaped fully in-ctuf-ns
o! Siroudsbur'' and vicinity
-,.n.;r. W'Hzinjr :jiiJ Painting.
j'1' and at ,-l.ort notice, and that he
n c""t!""iy on h;,nd a line tock oJ
r uur; 0,'ui ''ftfcriptiona and at
itar, , lie Paironae of the nuhlir.
j "r;iy:ctod. May 16, 1872.
u know fbat J. II.
J. s. :'; ;art' 'Jii.s are the only Unler-
Mi.y l' 'u,urg who undenstaDds tlioir
a-iy , ,'i I1,01- aU-'ud a Funeral managed
:iTr, ''O'ker in town, and you
Juu,. -L';! of the fact
liLAMv MORTGAGE
r at this Offio-.
SlRK
GOV. HARTRANFT'S MESSAGE.
Finances of the State Extravagance
in the Government of cities the Preven
tion of Lawlessness in the mining dis
tricts. II arrisburg, Pcnn., Jan. 4. Gov.
Ilartranft's annual message. was submitted
to the Legislature to-day. The finances of
the btate, the debts of cities and the bur
dens of municipal government, and the
riots during the Spring in the mining dis
tricts are most interesting topics which he
discusses. Extracts are given below :
THE STATE FINANCES.
The appropriations made for the fiscal
year ending Nov. 30, 1S75, exceeded the
receipts of the general revenue fund $515,
821 22, and with like appropriations and
receipts the deficit for this year would be
doubled. It is estimated, however, that
the revenue of this year will be S500,000
less than that of last year, which would
make the deficiency at the end of the curreut
fiscal year about 81, .500,000, unless the ap
propriations can be reduced. The appro
priations are already made for that part of
the fiscal year embraced between Dec. 1,
lS7f. and June 1, 1S7G. Moreover, the
principal appropriations, such as for schools
and the orcitiary expenses of the Govern
ment, are fixed by the Constitution or by
law, except those for public charities, and
these will demand unusually large amounts
at this session by reason of their failure to
receive anything at the last. It is mani
fest, therefore, that the appropriations can
not be materially reduced, and the defi
ciency must be preruled for cither by the
imposition of new taxes or the division into
the general fund of some of the revenues
now flowing into the sinking sund. To levy
new taxes at a time when the business and
industrial interests are prostrated would be
unwise and a great hardship, and would
justly meet public condemnation. The ne
cessity, therefore, of the redistribution of
the revenue." is obviously a duty that is
urgent, and demands "our immediate atten
tion. By virtue of a constitutional amend
ment, the Sinking Fund was ereated for
the purpose of gradually reducing the pub
lic debt at a time when it exceeded $40,000,-
000. An annual reduction of S250,000,
and the payment of interest of the entire
debt were its only requirements, and they
have been faithfully fulfilled by the Sink
ing Fund (Jommi.saioners since the creation
of the fund in 1S."7.
"With tiic present distribution of the re
venues thorc will remain each year in the
Sinking Fund after the payments which
the Constitution requires ovr $1,250,000,
and when it is remembered that the amount
of interest to be paid will annually decrease
and the receipts be greater, owing to the
natural accretion of the taxes, the amount
of this balance will be augmented from year
to year. If this surplus is annually applied
to the extinguishment of the debt, a care
full calculation will show that in ten years
the entire indebtedness of the State will be
redeemed. However desirable this reduc
tion nuy be and gratifying as it certainly
would be to the Executive, under whose
administration a large portion of it would
bt made, yet the diminution of the taxes
1. f .S7:i to th- amount of $1,000,000, and
the 6.".'00 additional expenses made nece3
sarv bv the new Constitution in behalf of
common schools, the Judiciary and Legis
lature, and the claims of deserving public
charities forbid this large reduction as the
revenues arc now distributed. By another
calculation it appears that by taking one
third of the corporation tax which the Le
gislature assigned to the Sinking Fund and
dedicating this one-third to the uses of the
general fund, the whole indebtedness can
still be liquidated in 15 years. Without
additional taxation a fund may thus be
created that, with the other revenues of
the general fund, will, with prudent man
agement, possibly be sufficient to meet all
the necessary and proper expenses of the
Government, and 1 recommend that this
change be made.
At the end of the last fiscal year there
remained in the Sinking Fund the sum of
$y:i4,028 5Ii. There can be no further re
demption of public debt until August, 1877,
as all State loans reimbursable prior to that
time have been paid ; and in the mean time
the Sinking Fund, iu addition to the above
amount will cotinue to accumulate a large
balance, which there is no authority to in
vest. I therefore recommend the enact
ment of a law authorizing the Sinking Fund
Commissioners to invest the surplus funds
in the bonds of the State or the United
States, as they deemed most advantageous,
which, in accordance with the provisions of
the new Constitution, are the only invest
ments that can be be made, and these in
vestments be directed to be made monthly.
MLNICII'AL GO VERM ENT.
There is no political problem that, at the
present time, occasions so much just alarm,
and u obtaining more serious and anxious
thought, than the government of cities,
whose administration in many sections of
the country is fraught with perils, not only
to the material prosperity of our people but
to the welfare and permanence of the He
public. It is not, therefore, incumbent up
on those who are charged with the conduct
of public affairs, as well as those who are con
cerned for the good and honor of the coun
try , to carefully and diligently inquire in to the
causes of these mischiefs that attend upon
the rule of our cities, and see if they spring
from or are the actual development of any
inherent in the existing systems of govern
ment, or are the outcome of a merely
transient tendency to extravagance, that
by its abuse wiil work its own effectual
cure. A glance at t he eoormous debts and
htupendous schemes for public improve
ments undertaken and in progress, or in
contemplation by the numerous cities of
the country, is sufficient induemcnt to this
investigation, and will convince the most
skeptical that a speedy and radical remedy
must be found to arrest these extravagant
expenditures or the credit of our cities will
be destroyed and rcqudiation, to which re
sort some have already been driven, will be
the only recourse from ruin. It will not
do to mock at the voice of warning and en
trench ourselves in the belief that the na
tional growth of our cities and the conse
quent accumulation of wealth and apprccia
tian of property therein, will liquidate all
the bonds this generation can impose upon
the next, for experience and history alike
teach that extravagance grows with indul
gence, and the only safe, wise and honest
course for individulas and communities to
pursue is to live within their means aud
pay as they go.
Until a recent period the municipalities
of the country enjoyed and deserved the
favor of our people. They were simple in
their constitutions, econmieal in their ex
penditures, in the main admirably governed,
with men of intelligence, experience, char
acter and property in their councils, who
deemed it an honor, without compensation,
to assist in their administration, and as the
public improvements were limited and only
what were necessary, the temptations to
avarice and corruption were few, aud pecula
tion and fraud unknown. To-day it is hu
miliating to observe the cities of the United
States expose our intelligence and civiziliza
tion to reproach, and compared with the
malversation and misgovernment of some
of them, the mal-administration of the
English cities in 1S35 seems respectable.
In the management of a few of them justice
has simply been mocked, taxation meant
confiscation, and debts were accumulated
with such rapidity that the annual interest
thereon is now greater than was the whole
tax Ievcy for all corporate purposes 15 years
ago. The aggregate of the debts of the i
cities of the United States, according to J
competent authority, reaches the enormous
sum of S7G9.000,000, and this amount is
believed to be rather under than above the
actual indebtedness. Is it stranire that the
annual tax levy, instead of being a few mills, ;
now averages in our most important cities
two and a half per centum upon the asses
sed value of property ? It is with reason
able apprehension, therefore, that the peo
ple are earnestly addressing themselves to
the study of the causes of this evil, and the
conviction is becoming widespread that
some remedy must be provided that will go
to its very core and work a radical cure.
A tendency to extravagance began to
manifest itself in this country in 1807, and
was exhibited most conspicuously in the
innumerable propositions for public im
provement of every conceivable kind. Mag
nificent parks, extensive water works, splen
did city buildings, wide streets, with new
and improved pavements, are some of the
projects upon which lavish expenditures
were ma le. In the frequent and immense
outlays of moneys thus authorized, numer
ous avenues for fraud and peculation were
opened, and officers connected with the dis
bursement of these great amounts suddenly
grew rich, having, by reason of their con
trol of these expenditures, scores of adher
ents, they soon became the arbiters of the
taxation of these cities. Irresponsible them
selves, they aimed to secure the election of ir
responsible men to city councils, that their
corrupt practices might have the forms of
law, and emboldened by impunity and the
supineness of respectable citizens, they en
deavared to control, and it is alleged, in
some municipalities did corrupt the chan
nels of justice, and shapped its decrees to
suit their nefarious ends.
Our cities formerly had but few wants ;
their charters were simple in their provi
sions, easily understood, and conferred all
the powers necessary for local government.
Within the last few years, however, every
department of local government from the
great city to the small school district has
been constantly applying to the State Legis
lature for extensions of authority. The
rights of taxation and appropriating pri
vate property for public use are extraor
dinary powers that no government should
delegate except in cases of absolute public
need, and the use of the power should be
limimited by the necessity that invokes its
exercises, and yet Legislatures of the var
ious States, in the last few years, have scat
tered these extraordinary powers broadcast
over the land, and in the hands of incon
siderate and irresponsible men, they have
been made, under the specious plea of pub
lic improvements, the engines of oppression
and robbery. Many of the burdens our
people have to hear have created by the
vicious habit of issuing bonds at high rates
of interest for contemplated improvements.
Multitudinous national, State, city, coun
ty, ward, and school bonds have been is
sued, the smaller imitating the larger local
interests iu making these drafts on posterity
at rates of interest ranging from four and
a half to ten per centum per annum, and
the payment of the interest on these bonds,
and of the bonds themselves, as they ma
ture, necessitates an annual taxation that is
oppressive, and a constant drain upon in
dustry and enterprise. The contrast af
forded by a comparison of the Government
of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania with
the government of her cities is curious and
instructive. Twenty-five years ago a like
spirit of extravagance and mania for public
improvements prevailed throughout the
State, and her pclicy was marked by tre
mendous outlays in behalf of canals and of
her public works, and was tho parent of a
debt of $40,000,000, and of the corrup
tions and tvi! practice that arcueod the
people to the extraordinary effort which re
sulted in the constitutional amendment pro
hibiting an increase of the public debt and
providing a sinking fund for the payment
of the interest, and an annual reduction of
the principal. How different and gratify
ing is the spectacle to-day. With a yearly
income scarcely exceeding $0,000,000, and
a State with 4,000,000 inhabitants, the
taxes have recently been decreased and an
nually a large portion of the debts paid off,
so that now the indebtedness amounts to
but $23,000,000. Of the revenues for
some -ears past, $2,500,000 have been al
lotted to the payment of interest and the
reduction of the public debt, leaving $3,
500,000 to be devoted to the payment of
the expenses of the Government, which in
clude provision for our magnificent system
of charities and schools, upon the latter of
which alono, common and soldiers' orphans,
SI, 500,000 are expended each year. The
debts of our municipalities, on the con
trary, have been increasing enormously, and
apart from the public improvements, for
which a large bonded indebtedness has been
created, the expenses of our cities and towns
have been growing annually with a pace
that seems out of all proportion with their
necessities. One source of this additional
expeuse is the increased number of officials.
The powers of government arc too diversi
fied, and require too much machinery. That
mechanism is the best which contains the
fewest parts, and governments arc not ex
empt from this law. The deplorable condi
tion of some cities that are overburdenec
with debt and with public improvements
unfinished, that must be completed, is the
result largely of the undue and strained as
sistance accorded to these municipalities by
the State governments. Legilaturcs voted
them the largest possible grants of power,
Executives approved them, and the judi
ciary in some of tho States have sustained
every grant of power to tax, where the
amount to be raised was to be dedicated to
a public improvement, even if the benefit
was remote and contigent, as in the con
strcution of railways at a distance from a
city to divert trade to its marts and other
like projects.
LAWLESSNESS.
It again becomes my painful duty to direct
your attention to the lawless disposition that
exists in portions of the Commonwealth,
where tumult and riot at times have been
so formidabale, that the Executive power
of the State had to be invoked to quell the
disturbances. These turbulent manifesta
tions are becoming alarmingly frequent,
and to repress them some remedy must be
devised. That the attitude of the Executive
towards the participants therein, may not
be mistaken, the following plain and easily
comprehended principles arc grouped to
gether to show what will be the rule of his
conduct on the occasion of every outbreak
of a kindred nature. No disobedience of
regularly constituted autnority win De
permittedjwhether on the part of individuals,
corporations or combinations of men. No
sense of wrong, however grievous, will or
shall justify violence in seeking indemnity
therefor. The rights of property must be
respected, and no interference with its
legitimate use will be tolerated. Every
man must be allowed to sell his own labor
at his own price, and his working must not
be interrupted either by force or intimida
tion. For grievances, fancied or real,
redress inus, hi sought in the manner the
law provides, and no one must attempt to
override its process. If citizens will re
cognize these principles as binding upon
their consciences and actions, there can be
no necessity for Executive interference to
preserve the peace, and it must be under
stood, once for all, that any violation of
private rights or resistance to pmblic officers
when in the discharge of their duty, will be
summarily dealt with, and if the civil
authorities and the power of the county
cannot maintain the supremacy of the law,
then the whole power of the Common
wealth shall be employed, if necessary, to
compel respect for authority.
The local officers likewise allege their
imability to repress this turbulent spirit,
because citizens when summoned refuse to
assist them. Citizens fear to incur the
enmity of the rioters, and unless the
penalties that attach to their failure to
assist the officers arc inflicted, it is idle to
expect them to perform this ungracious aud
it may be perilous duty. Thus we have
in these communities where this mob rule
most prevails an unhealthy moral public
sentiment, that in the event of a distur
bance permits the officer to neglect his
duty, refuses itself to uphold the law, and
when an offender is arrested, connives at
the fraud that packs the jury-box with his
sympathizers aud friends, making a mockery
of justice, and bringing the State and its
authority into merited reproach. Through
what agency can wo prevent a return of
these disorders, make the local officers and
citizens more vigilant and active, and dis
suade them from looking and applying to
the Executive upon every occasion of an
alarm or tumult are questions to which I
have given patient and anxious thought,
and the following plan will, I believe, afford
a practical test of the disposition and ability
of a county to enforce the law and maintain
order within its limits. I recommend the
enactment of a law empowering the sheriff,
whenever a riot or disoder is imminent, to
apply to the court of his county, and upon
the sworn certificate of said sheriff that
said riot or disorder is threatening, then
the said court to authorize the sheriff to
organize a constabulary force sufficient to
quell the disturbance, and to maintain them
under his direction and control until there
i nr longer need for theit services. The
fore ran stored fhcula be raid and
subsisted by the county, while on duty, and
armed by the State. A tumult arising,
the sheriff would then have an armed, paid
and subsisted force to aid him in preserving
order and enforcing the process of the courts,
without taking citizens suddenly from their
daily vocations and perhaps involving them
in injury and loss. This armed body of
men would also form a nucleus around
which the law-abiding citizens could rally
when the disturbance assumed more danger
ous proportions, and they would learn to
depend upon themselves and their officers
in every emergency. It is proper that the
expense should be borne by that portion of
the community especially benefited, and the
county should be made to bear these bur
dens, and if their officers are held to a strict
accountability they will not be likely to
incur the great responsibility of asking this
assistance from the courts, unless the
gravity of the situation justifies the demand.
This special home constabulary force might
also be applied for and obtained from the
courts on occasions when in certain regions
of the State murder and arson arc rife and
a spirit of lawlessness prevails that
does not take the shape of organized resis
tance to law. The Attorney General should
also be authorized, upon his own informa
tion, to indict any officer or citizen who
failed to perform his duty, or party or
parties who were engaged in riot or
turbulence, and to change the venue and
summon witnesses to any other county in
the Commonwealth where a fair and im
partial trial can be had. .The large
expenditures of public money almost an
nually incurred in the suppression of these
riots, and the peace and good name of the
State, alike demand of the Legislature a
thorough investigation of the causes of
these disturbances, and their cure, if
possible, by the application of some certain
and, if necessary, severe remedies.
Docs it not seem practicable to appoint
a court of arbitration, composed of three
or more of the judges of our courts, as
many opcartors, and a like number of the
representaivse of the working man, to whom
could be referred the disputes arising be
tween employes, so that at least a full, fair
and impartial discussion could be had, and
the public enlightened upon the merits of
the controversy ; and if there was no legal
remedy, the force of public opinion would
constrain the parties whose claims were
arbitrated, to do justice to those who were
wronged. May I not ask, in view of the
immense interests inolved, that you will
consider the propriety of authorizing the
appointment of such a court.
.
Paper Barrels.
The increasing scarcity, and, in some
portions of the great West, entire lack of
lumber, leads one to reflect upon the pecu
liar adaptation of paper to a great variety
of articles. Indeed, its uses appear in
numerable. Each year develops some new
purpose for which it may be successful!'
used, that the year before would have been
thought impracticable or impossible.
A few j-cars since when the paper flour
sack was brought before the public, so great
was the opposition they encountered, both
from the millers and consumers, that it was
difficult to even obtain a fair trial of them.
To-day they have almost superseded the
cotton sack. It is now thought that the
history of the paper barrel will be similar.
Had wc been shown, a few years back, a
compact, perfectly-fitting and neatly-made
flour barrel, we should have doubted it it
was made only of paper. This invention
would seem an incalculable one of immense
benefit, not only to the paper manufacturer,
but also to the farmer and merchant. It
converts into a merchantable article, the
refuse straw and waste of farms ; and the
berry of wheat made into flour, is delivered
to the consumer incased in the very stalk
on which it was grown in the form of pa
per barrel.
These barrels are made of heavy sheets
of paper board which have been subjected
to an enormous pressure, and thereby con
verted into one thick, impervious sheet,
which is afterward rendered waterproof.
The sides, heads and hoops of the barrel
are shipped "knocked down" and with the
aid of an inexpensive machine ' set up" as
needed with the greatest rapidity. J his
effects a great economy in the matter of
storage and freight. It is claimed that the
paper barrels are stronger and of greater
relative power than a wooden one, and that
they have by actual test withstood pressure
in the ratio of three to one, as compared
with the wooden barrel. It is further
claimed that as paper is one of the best
known non-conductors of heat and cold, and
the barrel being air-tight, it is impossible
for flour to become sour or musty.
In consideration of the large amount of
flour, shipped in wooden barrels, that is
lost by leakage, or rendered unsalable by
being shipped in a car that has been used
for the transportation of oils and turpen
tine, it would seem but reasonable to be
lieve that the paper barrel, obviating these
objections, is destined to meet with unusual
success. Under the same process an al
most endless list of articles are being manu
factured cheese boxes, butter buckets, to
bacco packages, baskets aud fruit barrels ;
these latter are esteemed particularly valu
able on account of being air-tight. For
cranberries the barrels are filled with small
holes, giving perfect ventilation. Western
Paper Trade.
.
Down in Tennessee they take the scalps
of beast3 of nrev in payment of taxes. If
this rule were adopted in Washington there
would soon be a mighty thinning out of
the ranks ef Pemwatie omceseekre.
Facts Not Generally Known.
Melons were found originally in Asia,
The cantaloupe is a native of America,
and is so called from tho name of a plaoj
near Borne, where it was first cultivated in
Europe.
The nectarine is said to have received its
name from nectar, the favorite driuk of tho
gous.
Pears were originally brought from tho
Etist by the Romans.
The grcengaga is called from the Gago
family, who first took it into England fron
a monastery in Paris.
Filberts originally came from Greece.
The walnut is a native of Persia, tha
Caucasus and China.
The word biscuit is French for "twice
baked," because originally that was the mode
of entirely depriving it of moisture, to in
sure its keeping.
Claret is a corruption of clariet, a term
appjlied in France to any red or rose colored
wine.
Almonds are natives of the northern
part of Asia and Africa. In ancient times
the' were much esteemed by the natives
of the East.
The Greeks called butter bouturss
"cow cheese."
Before the middle of the seventeenth
century tea was not used in England, and
was entirely unknownto the Greeks and
Romans.
The bean Is said to be a native of Egypt.
The cucumber was originally a tropical
vegetable.
The pea is a native of the South of Eu
rope. Spinaah i3 a Persian plant.
The tomato is a native of South Ameri
ca, aud takes its name from a Portugese
word.
The turnip came originally from Rome.
Sweet marjoram is a native of Portugal.
Coriander saed came origiually from the
East.
Apples were orignally brought from the
East by the Remans. The crab apple is
indigenious to Great Britain.
The asparagus was orignally a wild sea
coast plant, and is a native of Great Bri
tain. The chestnut is said by some f o have
come originally from Sardis in Lydia, and
by others from Castanca in Thcssaly, from
which it takes it name.
The nasturtium came orignally from
Peru.
Parsley is said to have first come from
Egypt, and mythology tells us it was used
to adora the head of Hercules.
It is a curious fact that while the names
of all our domestic animals are of Saxon
origin, Norman names are given to the flesh
they yield.
When James Buchanan was Minister to
England he had cars of corn, hermetically
sealed, sent to him from this country.
Tha clove is a native of Malacca Island,
a3 is also the nutmeg.
Capers originally grew wild in Greece
and Northern Africa.
Garlic came to us from Sicily and the
shores of the Mediterranean.
Ginger is a native of the East and West
Indies.
Sage is a native of the South of Europe.
Tho gooseberry is mdigenfetra to- Groat
Britain.
Cloves came to us from the Indies, and
take their nt:me from the Latin clavus, or
French cfou, both meaning a nail, to which
they have a resemblance.
The horseadish is a native of England1.
Vinegar is derived from two French'
words via' aigrc, "sour wino."
The escape from hard times that so
many misguided persons seemed to think
would follow the overthrow of the Repub
licans and tho establishment of a Demo
cratic majority in Congress, shows no signs. -For
a whole year it has been known that a
revolution had been effected iu Congress.
But the knowledge has not given a start to
business. On tho contrary, the inflation
platforms and agitation of the Democrats
disturbed all the markets- of the country
and rendered capitalists nervous and un
settled values. The Democratic Congress
has assembled, and still the uncertainty
increases. Import duties and interuaV
taxes, currency, banking, debt, interest
all are liable to be changed by the majority,
and until tho session comes to a close no
one will be able to calculate a. day ahead as
to whether the influences-operating upon
trade will be favorable or the reverse. It
is not now the Republicans who can be
held rcsponiblo for the stagnation and
hard times, for the Democrats carried
twenty-seven States in 1S74, and have benv
in power in most of them ever since. Tho
domination has been Democratic, but for
that reason the business classes have been
more nervous and apprehensive than ever.
Republicanism gave them prolonged and
wondrous prosperity fo twelve years, and.
yet the invariable Democratic ey is the
revulsioiv was the outcome of Republican
mismanagement. Ict the public now ob
serve closely what tho Democratic Con
gress wiil propose to do to make times
better and give a fresh start of some kind
to businc3. PKiladelohit Xcrih J?xr-