W
I Hi
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1
Bcuotcu to ipolttics, itcintuvc, Agriculture, 0rtcnrc, iHornlitn, emir (Scncra! Intcllioc
VOL. 27.
PaMislicd by Theodore Schoch.
TERMS' Two doll.irs a year in advance-and if not
p.xi.i bpf re tiie pn.i oft lie year, two dollars and fltfy
c t. w ir. he charprd.
No i;i.rr(!iM; iniiduc:! until nllarrcaiapsnre paid,
cjcmt at the opnn of ihc Editor.
TCV I veriixdneiits of one ymi.neoffoi-t;! loirs) or
frrs.oneor tisree insertions $! 50. E.K-h additional
nser.ion , ..! rents. Longer ones in proportion.
OF ALL KITJDS,
Executed tnlhe h:gl;rst Mrle of the Ail.andonthe
most ifii'orribic terms.
"ii a .
Sign and Ornamental Painter,
SHOP CM MAIN STREET,
Opposite Yn!cn Mill?)
feTHOUUflU'RO, PA.,
Respectfully aih.6t;..cea to the citizens of
Stroudsbu'-g Mi l vicinity that he is prepircd
to attend to all wlio may favor hun with
their pitror.aje, in a prompt and workman
like mmner.
CHAIRS, FURNITURE, &c, painted
an J rcmirc.l.
WUTURE FRAMES of all kinds con
stantly on haii'J or supplied to order.
June II, ItCS. ly.'
Drs. JACKSON & BiDLACK,
DRS. JACKSOX & BIDLACK, are
prepared tu attend promptly to all calls
of a Professional character. OJJice Op
posite t!ie Htrondsburg Bank.
April 23, 15o7.-tf.
c. w. ssp, ev. dm
Physician and Surgeon,
srrj) uisr, r :(,-, pa.
Oiiice at. his residence, on Main Street,
nearly opposite Marsh's Hotel.
All c i Us promptly attended to. Charges
reasont Me.
Stroadsburj, April 11, lS67.-f.
JDK. D. iV. ."?ITM"i
Surge on Dentist,
OrTice on Main Street, opposite Judge
Stakes' res donee, .Strocdsbvro, I'a.
CO" Teeth extracted with ut p-u'n. JQ
August 1, IrGT.
A Caret.
Dr. A. UEE YES JA1KS0S,
Physician and Surgeon,
TpECS TO ANNOUNCE Til AT HAV-5-?
ir.g returned from Europe, he is now
vron -rod : to ref-urne the active duties of his
prcJVfS en.
me:it to p
In ord;:r to prevent disappoint-
Ml !ivi
iiij t a cisinnce wno
rrj.iv Wis 1 v c-onsuit nun. Ill will iulshu
at i'.is .fice ecry THURSDAY r;d SAT
URDAY lor con"? .that ion and the perform
ance cf o irgic;il operations.
Dec. 12. 1C7.-1 vr.
WM. V'. TAIL. J. D. HOAR
WITH
YM. V. PAUL & CO.
Manuf.icmrTs and Wliolesale Denleri? in
BOOTS
S3
WAREHOUSE,
623 Harket St., & 614 Commerce Et.
nlove SixMi, North side,
PHILADELPHIA.
March 19, lSS. if.
Ttcli! Itch! Itch!
SCRATCH! SCRATCH! SCRATCH!
us::
HOIIIXSilEAD'S ITCH k SALT RHEI'jI CLMMEM.
No Funiily thoulJ be without this valua
ble medicine, lor on the firt appearance of
the disorder on t!i" wri.-t, betweeu the lin
gtrs, ic, a uli'lit application of t!ie Oint
ment will cure it, and prevent its brii) ta
ken by others.
Warranted to give Fatisfaction or money
refunded.
Prepared and fold, wholesale and retail,
by W. HOEEINSIIEAD,
Stroud?burg Oct. Hi, '07. Druggist.
BEEF
9
ISDN a:4d fuse brandy,
. 1JY DR. I1AKTMAX,
Regular Graduate of the University of Penn
sylvania. fjrlt will positively cure Consumption,
Roughs and Colds, and all diseases of the
jjUtigs or Bronchial Tubes.
It hae been the meomt of RESTORING
THOUSANDS t health v. ho have been giv
fin up b';"cnd the reach of medical assist
ance. It d:cs n ore to relieve the Consump
tive than anything ever known. Unequal
led strong tlichcr for delicate Ladies and
Children. Each bittle contains the nu
.thitioi's i'uktion ok two tolnlis cf choice
Beek.
The rure of Consumption was first effect
ed by the use of RAW REEF and BRANDY
jn Russia, afterwards in France, in which
countries I have travelled for yer.rs.
I 1m ve used it with perfect success in my
own family. In presenting this preparation
to the public I feel confident that every af
flicted one who reads this (even tiie most
skeptical) tn-iy become convinced, by a sin
gle trial that it is truly a most valuable med
icine. Circu'ars and medicines sent to r.ny ad
dress. Price 1 per bottle six for fff.
Laboratory 512 Scth Fifteenth Street,
PHILADELPHIA.
Wholesale Agents. French, PJchards &,
Co., Tenth and Market t reels; Johnson,
llolloway &. Cowden, fJO'2 Arch street; R.
Shoemaker &. Co., Fourth and Race streets,
Philadelphia.
fjy'Kold by Druggists Everywhere.
Cheap Feed.
GRAIN AT 23 CENTS PER RUSIIEL.
Apply ut the BREWERY,
July 30, lSfi?.-tr. East Siroudelurj.
What is Life.
BY C. 6TELX.
I.
A little crib beside the bed,
A little face above the spread,
A little frock behind the door,
A little shoe upon the floor.
ir.
A little lad with dark brown hair,
A little blue-eyed face and fair;
A little lane that leads to school,
A little iencil, slate and rule.
III.
A little blithesome, winsome maid,
A little hand within bis laid;
A little cottage, acres four,
A little old-time household store.
IV.
A little family gathering round ;
A little turf-heaped, tear-dewed mound;
A lktla added tu his noil ;
A little rest from harvest toiL
V.
A iittle knot of silver hair ;
A little stool and easy chair r
A little night of Earth-lit gloom ;
A little cortege to the tomb.
Butter in Sacks.
A correspondent of the Hock ford Ren.
lister, writing from Oiympia, W. T., gives
the method used on the PaeiSc coast for
preserving butter :
"I think the dairymen here have an
art in the management of butter that
might be turned to good account at the
East, but which I never saw practised till
I came to this coast. I allude to the
manner of putting up butter for market.
Perhaps necessity was the mother of this
invention, but that makes the invention
none the less valuable. Ileresuch a thing
as a butter nrkin or a stone jar to pack
butter in, is unknown but all butter is
packed in muslin sacks, made in such
form, that the package when complete, is
a cylinder three or four inches in diameter,
and frcm hall a foot to a foot in length.
The Luttcr ocs A-cm tic churn,
as soon
as worked over, into the cylindrical bag",
cade cf tze l!?:chci muslin. The ratk.-
'rc: tl?cn put into Lrgc casks containg
strong lime IT 1 1 h n sn-hi admixture of
salpctrc, and by raeans if weights kept
alwaj-s below tLe surface. The cloth in
tegument always protects the butter from
any impurities that chance to came in
coutact with the package, and being al
ways buried in Lriuc, that protects it from
the action of the air ; and it has been as
certained by trial that butter put up in
this way will keep sweet longer than in
any other way. liesides, it is found eas
ier and cheaper for the manufacturer
than to pack either in firkins or jars.
And for the retailer, there is no telling
the advantage on the score of safety and
and convenience. These rolls of butter
can lie npon hLs counter as safe from in
jury, from dust or other coutact, as bars
of lead can be rolled up for his customer
iu a fehcet of paper with as much proprie
ty as a bundle of matches. If the con
sumer, when he gets home, discovers
specks of dust upon the outside of the
sack, he can throw it into a pail of pure
cold water aud take it out out clean and
white. As he uses the butter from day
to day, with a sharp knife he cuts it off
from the end of the roll in slices of thick
ness suit to his wants, peels off the cloth
from the end of the slice, leaving it in tidy
form to place upon the table. This im
proved manner of packing butter first
caught my eye in the market at ISan Fran
cisco, where I saw cords of it piled up
like pigs of lead. The simplicity and
great value ol improvement so impressed
me that 1 wondeieJ the Yaukees had not
long ago lound it out "
A l,lVtTt."
Headless Child.
The Deposit (N. Y.) Courier is responsi
ble for the following marvellous story : In
the vicinity of Spoon river, in Illinois, is
a child that was Lorn and has lived five
years with out a head. Mrs , the
mother, is the. widow of a soldier, former
ly living in Marshall county, who enlisted
in the Goth or Scotch Regiment, and was
killed at the battle of Devington, Mo.
She was standing beside her husband
during the engagement, when a cannon
ball carried bis bead completely away, his
body billing into her arms, and covering
her with blood. The shock affected her
greatly. When her child was born there
was not the semblance of a head about it.
The limbs are perfectly developed, the
arms loug, and the shoulders, where the
head and neck should be, smoothly roun
ded off. Rut the most surprising thing
of all is that the face is situated in the
breast. Of course, there being no neck,
the power of turning its head is wanting,
except as the whole body is moved ; but
this difficulty is overcome by the singular
faculty it possesses of turning its eyes in
their sockets, enabling it to see quite as
well on either side as those more perfec
tly formed. The upper portion of its
body is white as purest Caucasian, and
from tho waist down is blood red. This
strange creature, rftw an active boy of
five years old, a. if to compensate for his
deformity, possesses the most clear and
bird like tones ever listeded to, Mngiog
with singular correctness everything it
may hear, and its voice at this carlv as
accomplishes two octaves easily,
William J;. Royden, of Sandwich, has
raised tbis season four hundred bushels of
turnips on three-quarters of an acre of
land. Three cf thctu weighed each
twenty r-ousds.
STROUDSBURG, MONROE
MONTANA.
THE MININO REGIONS moCESS OF MIN
ING HOW GOLD IS OBTAINED.
Union City, Montana Territory.
How is gold produced 1 This question
could be answered is general terms by al
most any intelligent neraon. but thre
are few, without personal observation in
mining regions, who have any just con
ception of the intricate details necessary
to the production of the precious metals.
All know that millions are annually de
veloped from the various rulche3 and
mines in the Rocky Mountain Territories
and States, and the difference between
placers and quartz mines is popularly un
derstood, but of the skill, patience, and
xbor essential to produce gold, even bv
the simplest process, the nublic irenerallr
have no sort of correct appreciation.
Uulcn or placer immug is the sunniest
method of taking gold from the earth
Gulches are simply the raviues into which
tne gold croppingg of rich leads in the
niouutaius cliff arc washed. Surface or
blossom ouartz is usually found on anv
hill in which valuable mines slumber, and
the elements gradually decompose it uutil
it separates the particles of gold from the
flint or iron that holds it captive, and its
specific gravity forces it not only down
into the irulch. but down through the
, o
the earth to the very bottom or
bed rock of the ravine. This gold, com
ing, as it does from decomposed rock, is
.,.. ... - - -
entirely "tree gold and has no mixture
of the base metals, so that no peculiar
scientific attainments are requisite to mas-1 bey often bring water for mile by
ter it. It3 existence in a gulch is casilj Cuaies, and cut a bed-rock flume the whole
ascertained by the simplest implements. : length of their claims, through which
A spade, pick, and pan are all that the j tnf J ow a strong stream of water. Into
prospector requires. IJ is pan is made ofjis they throw the whole earth of the
sheet iron, and holds about a peck. TheS'cb, and often bring down the wholj
centre of the course of the washin" is i
found, the pan half filled with the earth.
and it is washed out by dipping aud whirl-
ing tne pan in water the loose eaith cs
capes with the water, while the gold, iron,
and pebbles remain. All the science ne
cessary io save gulch-gold, 13 the appre
ciation of the fact that gold is the heavi
est cf all sulslanccs on the earth and wiil
alw3js attain the lowest point it can find
As the carta ;s whirled around in the
water, the gold gradually settles to the;
bottom of the pan, rnJ when there is no
more earth to wash out, tha pebbles
arc picked out. A little pocket-magnet,
stirred around in the pan, will take out
all the iron by adhesion, and leave the
pure gold or '"dust." This dust varies in
value according to its fineness, and its
marketable price is from 12 to $19 per
ounce (Troy) in gold coin. The lowest
standard of "dust" has some silver mix
ed with it, but different gulches will pro
dace gold ranging in degrees of fineness
as much cs -0 per cent. Any expert deal
er in gold in established mining regions
can at a glance usually tell the gulch from
which any lot of dust ha3 been taken.
In the early settlement of all mining
countries gold i3 the only legal tender in
all business transactions, unless there is
a special contract for currency. Every
man carries a buckskin purse, and when
he buys anything, from a plug of tobacco
to a gold mine, the dust is weighed out
in payment at its standard value per
ounce.
The various methods for separating the
gold from the earth of the gulches are
all exceedingly simple while the first
placer miners are working it. They us
ually make their own "district liws," the
distiict embracing any particular camp or
gulch. They meet in mass council and
adopt their code, then land laws, then
water laws, and all needful regulations for
their enforcement. The local or district
laws have always been respected both by
Territorial and Congressional enactments
so that no better primary title can be
procured than a clear title under the dis
trict laws. Wheu disputes arise they try
titles to claims cr water either by a jury
or by general meeting, as may be the
adopted custom, and from the decision of
the district tribunal there is no appeal.
Indeed, to demur is not often even safe.
The dreadful tribunal of Judge Lynch is
the one certain to be invoked by attempt
ed resistance to tho judguent of the local
courts.
The claims are usually parceled in lots of
100 or 200 feet in leugtb, up and down
thegulch,aud embracing its entire length.
The local laws are scrupulously careful
to prevent monopoly of water, and it is
economized, if scarce, so as to afford the
greatest advantage to all. Each owner, or
owners, of a claim (they generally mine
and cabin in couples) erects a flume, or
digs a ditch, through which to wash the
dirt of his claim from each side down to
the depth of the bed-rock. Their labor
consists of simply digging tho earth loose
and shoveling it into the ditch or flume,
through which it is washed away, while
a portion usually about one half of the
gold is saved by various contrivances.
Sometimes the bottom of the flume is!
made of a thick plank, into which are;
bored a number of large auger holes, just
ueep enough not to go through. The
"pay-dirt" is washed down over this per
forated board, and a very larire proportion ,
of the gold will lodgq ip the holes tie hand-car and dumped down at the
Tbey will, cf course, fijst fill up with mouth of the tunnel. When quartz is
sand, but tho gold will Cud the least do-'found the miners work up from the tun
prciision in the surface over which it is(ncl, as tbey stone out a l?vcl in the shaft,
passing, and work down through the sand jaud car out only tlio valuable ore. Wa
and earth to the bottom of the holes. At! ter cannot impede mining by tunnel, as
tne foot of the sluice
e sluice cr lluma a cross
piece is usua
thick, to make a ripple, and EQinetimes
they arc placed at every ten or twenty
Jcct, so that the earth parses over a Euc-'to
COUNTY, PA., NOVEMBER 23, 18S3.
cession of ripples. The ripples lodge a
quautity of the earth, the gold sinks down
in it to the bottom and there remains un
til there is a clean up. Sometimes small
boxes ure placed at the cad of the ditch
or flume, into which the water and earth
empty, and while the earth washes out
by the continuous current, the gold lod
ges sately in the bottom. In some iu-
siauees a quantity ot quicksilver is
poured into the boxes to amalgamate the
gold. The fiuest particle of gold, un- j
less covered with iron, will amalgamate
with the mercury at once, and conuot be
separated from it until the mercury is
strained out through buckskin. Copper
plates, amalgamated with quicksilver, are
also sometimes used iu gulch mining, but
not generally. The bottom of the flume
is covered with copper, and the copper coat
ed completely with quicksilver. The earth
is then washed over it, and fine particles
of gold will amalgamate on the plate.
W hen the general clean-up is made, us
ually once iu one or two weeks, the var
ious boxes, ripples, holes, &c., for catch
ing the gold, are emptied and "panned
out," by washing the earth aud gravel a
way, aud the pure gold will be fouud in
the bottom of the pan.
The gulch miners
work their claims
very imperfectly. It is deemed a safe
calculation that they leave quite as much
in the earth a3 they extract, and more
systematic men, with heavy capital, fol
low them, buy up the abandoned claims
for miles together, and sometimes con-
centrate a whole gulch in one company.
"Ul-eidcs mto the Guae by hydraulic row
cr- They save the gold, as the earth nas
scs t,ir,gb the flume, on the same prin-
ciples their predecessors did, only with
much more system and completeness.
This secondary process of gulch mining
is just now in its zenith in Montana, and
this year it will yield millions of golJ.
Rut the most important and permanent
mining interest is the reduction of gold
and silver quartz and the separation of
the precious metals from the rock. I
liiivc scan tins process from the mines to
the retort, both in Colorado anl Montana,
and it is a study that must interest any
observer. The gold aud silver mines do
not differ essentially from , the general
laws which govern mineral and coal leads
in the States, and they arc worked in the
same manner. Wheu opened properly,
they are clearly defined as a rule, have
fixed walls and regular pitches, and can
be followed by experienced men with
great certainty. Iu most of the mines
pratical Cornishmen direct the develop
ment of the leads. Shafts arc sunk,
about six feet square, usually on the
leads, the sides well timbered, and when
a certain depth is attained from 40 to
GO feet a level is run both ways from
the shafts, and all the ore above the le
vel is "stoped out." Instead of working
down from the top. the turners work up
from the bottom. They rnn a "drift"
from the bottom of the shaft out under
the ore as far as may be expedient, make
a floor of firm timbers, so as to protect
them when they make their next level
below, and then dig or blast the ore down
overhead. They select the ore from the
rock and earth as it falls down, wheel it
out to the shaft for hoisting up, while the
refuse drops under their feet, and keeps
them up to their stope all the time.
When they have worked up as far as there
is ore, they go down with their shaft 20
or 40 feet more, drift out again, timber
as before, and then stope up to the floor
of the first level, and so on indefinitely.
The miners work day and night in
"shifts," changing from day to night
work every one ort wo weeks. There is no
day in the mines night is perpetual.
They work by the light of sperm caudle?,
and for a candlestick they use a lump of
soft kneaded clay, in which they imbed
the lower end ot the candle, and they
shift it at pleasure by sticking the clay
against a rock. Wherever it is placed
it adheres, so that handling, chaug
ing, and using this light most advan
tageously involves no trouble. At first
the ore is hoisted from shafts by a com
mon windlass, but as a greater depth is
attained horse power is attached to a
"whim" for the purpose, and often steam
engines arc used. Foul air is always
encountered more or less as shafts de
scend. As long as the miner's candle
will burn brightly he can feel sure that
the air is pure, but wheu it burns iu a
sickly mauner or goes out, heisadmonUh
ed of the ueeessity of pure air. The en
gine is then employed to force a current
of fresh air through pipes to the bottom
of the shaft, aud thc loul air is thus driv
eu out. Water is sometimes very trouble
some in shafts, and pumps have to be
worked by steam to keen it out of the
way of the miners. The better method
of mining where the mines lie iu hills is
by tuuucis, horizontal shafts run into the
ground from the hill side until the lead
is struck. The earth is run out on a lit-
it drams all tho water to the mouth, ana
torn cf the- tunnelj and sometimes ahoYO
'also, by which pure air can be preserved
a great dert'i. When the tuunel be
comes too deep for supplying pure air Chilian mill, cousistin.- of heavy metal
from the mouth, an air .shaft is wor!;-; j pans flvc feet in diaiuetzr, in which the
up perpendicularly to the surface, a con- heavy metal wheels revo've, weighing
slant current of air is thus secured, ami jf. om one to two tons each. A current of
the tunnel can then be driven for hun j water flows conytanfly into each pin, tho
dreds of feet again. The miners not on-,' main body of the gold isumalgamated with
ly dig the ore, but they select it carefully j tho mercury in the pans, and the fine
from the granite. An experienced miter quirts i.-sucs through screens over amal
will distinguish quartz as soon as he gets Jg .mated pla?e3 yui us in stamp mills.
his hands on it, and needs no particular This process of crnohiu i I think. rrcf-
cxanunation to determine its quality.
lie is familiar with the peculiarities of the
lead he is working, and can tell at once
whether a rock 13 granite, or first or se-jits ue, and for that reason is not so ac
coud class quartz. This requires consi-j ceptable. There are no other processes
derablc practical experience. I have st?n j for crushing ore:? (bat have attained any
gold quartz of every conceivable color and j measure of confidence, but there arc in
formation white crystal, cold gray, all numerable patents for separating the gold
shades of blue, yellow and pink, and ev- j after the ore is crushed Silver ores are
cry shade of dark to jet black. Quartz j usually roasted before crushing, and gold
is usually very rich when gold can be de-orcs, intermixed with silver, arc al.o im
tected in it with the naked eye. Miners J proved for reduction by roasting. Silver
understand what particular formations ! ores, containing 40 ncr rent, nr mnre nf
Carry the irold. and thev seldom err in!
m ' j -
estimating us value in suipliurets the as tue ica l serves to Lux the ore ; but if
iron will glisten with a brilliancy that! less than 40 per cent, of had is found in
makes any inexperienced observer tiro ;it, it cannot be m:ked in this section fo
pounce it gold ; but the gold is infused
iu the iron in very fine particles, and zc-
dom cau be seen at all. ()ccaion:.llv
nugget gold will be found in quartz, but las yet f.r the reduction of any other than
it is only in rare specimens cf uncommon 'the Galena s Ivor ore, excepting by the:
richness that the gold appears in that 'ordinary crushing and an.aigamatiug pro
way. The average cost of mining ore in '. cos iu u.-c t produce f ree g dd. In
Colorado I would estimate at $5 per tun. i Colorado some of the lefractory ores nra
In Montana it costs probably $S per tun, ' Mueltcd, and the gold, silver, oprer, &C
but its development will be cheapened as 'ail run cut in bars together, and are the.;-'
it is systematized. 'shipped ;o o w-msca (or separation, but I
When the ore is minel, it is delivered ' !io aut kTV. Ul"lxre flV,f F uc" ,tl'at
to the mill either by wagons or railways, i Ks JltotI',0;1 l!:C tf,ort- J ,e sohda-
where it is broken about as fine stone
s usually broken on a good turnpike road. :
This is sometimes done by a machine c.-.H- ;U,w'Jona3-
cd a "cracker," but usually by hand, with' .I"ter a run bas been made in a quarts
the common sledge. It ii then ready for ' U51ii' usually from one to three weeks,
crushing, aud the process in most general
use is the stamp mill. A mill conv.sts of
from two to six "batteries," each battery .
having five stamps, which consist of bca-
ad bars of iron, set rcrnendicular-
ly, widening at the bottom, on which is
fitted a steel shoe. Beneath the shoe is water until the r-and nnd ear.h are wash
a steel die, firmly imbedded, on which e' 0,lt anul nothing but the mercury (hol
Ihc stamp drops. It is hoisted by each t5ic gold) and heavy fulphurcts re-
revolution of the machinery to a certain oain. The quicksilver is then poured
point, whirled partly around as it hoists, ' cut froai under the particles of ore and.
and its force consists simply in the drop lron; a xaagrict 13 run through it to scpa
of its weight upon the die. Each battery rate c particles of pure iron, an 1 the res
i: surrounded with an iron frame or Los.'biau, which contains gold in iron, h pul
into which the ere is thrown, aud a strong' verisci in a hard morler. r.cd what littla
stream of water poors on it constantly.
On the outer side of the battery
r throu-h J-
a screen or sieve issues the water, and
with it is carried the fine quarts as it is
pulverised, so that feeding goes cn con
stantly to supply the place of the fine
quartz as it escapes. In the batte
ry is placed a quantity cf quicksilver,
with which a large proportion of the gold
amalgamates as the rock is crushed, and ii
held there until the '"dean up." Many
.,...: 1 , e '. ...,11 ,.
Kl IHU 1IUC)C1, CSUilWU
with the fine aarriz through the screen
before it is brou-ht in contact with the
mercury, and, in order to catch it. the
A -
water aud quarts from the latter are run
ir aua quarts ironi me luuer are run
copper plates, from two to four feet
and ten to twenty in length, amalga-
over
wid
mated with quicksilver. If the plate is
nronerlv eonted evrrv r.rtb-b nf frop ohl
will reach tho bed of the plate io passing,
over it, and safely lodge in the mercury, ;
but if the gold is impregnated with the
base metals, it will not amalgamate with
the inercurv. It will nass over the nlaie? :
and sink in ihc boxes or ripples (
j . j j.
or ripples ("such t.3
arc used in gulch mining, and before des-j'l-'ccd in a little iron box, much like tv
cribed,) while the light earth aud sand brick mold, full of fine needle holes. Tho
will wash away. These mixtures of go'.d ; box is so constructed as to allow the lid
with the base metals are called sulphurcts, j l be pressed down with clamps and screws,
and they are worked successfully in Mon-;until 'bo amalgam is compressed in the
tana thus far by ara?tras or barrels. An ! ! smallest possible space. It is then put
arastra is simply a carefully laid bed of iusiJe of another iron box, three times its
stone, about eight or ten feat in diameter,; al1 a 1J flUe(1 on it perfectly air
encircled with awodenrim; an upright i Snt, by means cf clay joints. Iu tho
shaft stands in the center, with two arms ' t0P ' t!le larger box thcra is a hoi?, pro
extending out, to each or which is attach-; bably an inch in diameter, to which is at
ed a heavy rock with a smooth under face.! tached a pine that comes down to the le
It is so attached as to be raised a little in: vcl of l'u0 bottom of the box at a distance,
front, while the ruaiu weight of the rock j of probably three feet. The box is tbcus
drags on the stone floor. Iuto" this bed,! set in a small furnace, and the end of the
from 300' to 500 pounds or more of sul-j Plfe pi 'ted in a tub of water. A hot firo
phurcts arc thrown, quicksilver added, u,;ulc around the box until it is heated
and a stream of water turned on to it. A!f, a rCtI heat wl,e" tbc boat evaporates
mule is hitched to the shaft on the floor j tbc quicksilver, in tha inner box, out
above, and he drags the head stones a- j tbro igh the needle holes into the larger,
round over the sulphurets until they arejbx, wbente it escapes a; vaor oat thrr:
pulverised into almost impalpable powder, vv the water, where it congeal
aud then they are panned out iust as pros J ' ,l)un 1 n bottom cf the tub-.
sectors r.an oartb in M1.-hej or slnieod o!T;
over amalgamated plates. Some stamp
mills have metal pans in which their tail
ings or sulphurets are worked on the prin
ciple of the arastra, and other mills have
wrouirht iron b-irreU about three feet in
diameter and five feet long, iu which are
half a dozeu or more large metal balls.
The sulphurets are put in the barrels, a
bout u'JO pounds to each, and the barrels
run about twenty revolutions per minute.
The constant shifting of the tailings an 1
rolling of the balls, rapidly reduces the
base metals, and separate the gold, which
amalgamates with the mercury mixed with
it in the barrels. These different proces
ses are usually run about twenty-four
hours ou a charge, and then they arc sluie
cd off and panned oat by the ordinary pan
ning process. Iu Colorado, tho gold is
mainly found so mixed with the base met
alsas to defy reduction and amalgani:.tin,
hence the signal failure of milling opera
tions there thus far, but tbis season will,
I believe, thoroughly master their most
refractory ores, and enable that rich ter
ritory to resume its former yield of mil
lions annually. In Montana the uro
hare thus far been easily mastered. An
other proceed foe u'Utiiitij the orej is the
NO.
j erablc to . the stamp miil ; will do raoro
I work with less power and tc;;r
cry, but it rcouires mere C irc r
of niachin-
nnd skill in
lead, can be rpd.u-cd ri.lltt- l, clrmn.
I - -. . 1 . ' 7 1 ... v(.(Um.
as to pa 3-. Load is worth from
, cents per pound, and salt 10
K to 70
per 10
: sounds. Yha ip.fiWint sw tnn netiv
eu jrcc?r' PJ ' Lolurauo is wo:-
'""' .:s l,rocuEs! but has as yet ruiiio,
tAS7 c!ea:i UP- -i-ic Latteries cf pans ar
raa own ' -r' an J in?Q tns mercury an 1
remaining Cue quarts scooped out for tli9
process cf panning. A small pan is filled
wit'1 the quartz and quicksilver oat of
be battery, and whirled around in th-
-1
can be s.-.ved is gathered in mercury.
aal.
a;
:ted
pla'es over which the
pulverise ! ore hn boon pas3l arc than
caret uny scrapca wttn square pieces
tni v srrnrf ii with cnivirc ' mpcp? or
rubber, and the goid (mixed with mercu
ry) is added to the mereur- from the bat
teries. The tiii-iiigs caught in the boxes
and ripples are then emptied to be work
ed over iu an arastra or barrels. Tho
ouK-ksiivcr gjtf.crcu mm tne plates aad
t-..;i.
batteries then contains all the gold
saved
Iiv 1 :c irf.-n hilt, tne mA.
j ' -" c
goM is in invisible
part:c:es in toe
mercury, me mercury
. ......
ls tIlf,fl drained out ct the gold through,
buckskin, leaving ?o mr.rvy ounces cf "a-
malgain" as the clean up. The amalgam
v.. 1... j..
vrorth from 65 to $7 per ounce, depen-
ding upon the fine or co.ir.c quality of the
goli the g..i.j that is coarsest in its par-
tides being the most valuable, as the-
mercury can be better strained out of it.
The amalgam is about the consistency
of thick meal mush, and nearly the same
color the gold giving the mereury a soft
ycllo'.v color. It has yet to be retorted
ueiore it is pu
pure gold. The amalgam
is
J urC Quicksilver again. Th
s ho it is con
tinued until all the'qn'ck.silver is erapi
ratod from the guld, and conga'ei in the
tub, when the box h takou out, cooled,
opened, and in tha little inner box will
hi found a little brick, probably half tho
size of an ordinary building brick, tha
fruits of mining, hauling, stamping, p 'in
ning, 0 , 20, 40, or, it may be, 100 tons,
of ore. The brick is essayed to ascertain
its actual value, and is theu rea ly for coin-
ing
or manufacture into any of the thou-
s md.s of
articles for whit h it is used. In
this patient, laborious manner, this coun
try i now producing lrom seventy to one
hundred ciShcus of t ho rcci u;3 ir.ctals
aunually, at ui liril j pn lit j-i?t now, taken
as a whole, as a'ly utiior tr.meh of indus
try ran cmipliiii ot, but ten jears he -ice
the yield t-b.' i! 1 be neatly double, with-
out a material iinve. lse vi the g.ro.-s co.t of
its proauc
;iou. 7 V
M.
u.;:v, .
e:;rt I
. ovr.
10 Four dlstit ct
: were kit in llia-
blocks of
u.tki
beth, N. .1., l'ct eight, about quarter past,
ten n'ehuk. 'J he lour .shocks continued
some twenty seconds, smd chairs.
table:
If:.- a'.il her ait"; lc i! l
i! : ua-e
tv; t j a.'.j 1; .