Bcuotcc to jpoltttcs, literature, Agriculture, Stimu, JHoraJitti, ano cncrol Intelligence-
-
VOL 20.
STROUDSBORG, MONROE COUNTY, PA. JULY ,11 1861.
NO. 25
Published by Theodore ScIlOCll.
termstwo dollars per annumin advance-Two
dollars and a quarter, half yearly and if not paid be-
forcthe cad of the year, Two dollars and n half.
iVopapersdiicontimicd imlil allarreaiagesaicpaid,
CK1;ll!?n?liyyVuKliUou , .
line or three insertions, siob. Each additional inscr-
4r.lf!Jons?01,c,!lProir.ti,:
OK Ptn'TliG
.ilnving a general assortment of large. plain and or-
tiaaientalTypo, wcarc prepared to execute everyde
ocru.um.o,
A.4lUHBSC j&UMWiiMiJw.. 'national ships in the Revolution, were ta-
UirJs. Circulars, Hill Heads. Notes, Blank Keccipts, , , Ji.D r . ' t
justice, i.cgai and other aiaiiks, Pamphlets. pi in Acn trom the decks of merchantmen to
Ud with neatness and Jcsp.Uch, on rcasonahlctcnns the comnjand 0f frigates. Our early his
l this office, i . . . . ? .
Our Merchant Marine.
At flie close of our war with France,
and on the advent of Mr. Jefferson to
power in 1801, Cougross authorized him
eell the eutiro Navy, except thirteen frig
ates named in tho act. This apparently
unwise measure of reduction was greatly
Vxaggcratcd by the partisan tendencies
of the day; but its advocates justified it
on the grouud that as all the cruising
vessels bad been brought into the Naty,
and wero no lougcr needed, they should
be disposed of, and should war agaiu
break out, others could be readily pur
chased from the merchant service. Many
ships were accordingly sold, and numer
ous officers dismissed from the i-ervice
This fact shows that in tho very first war
lifter the Revolution, the Oovcroment re
or iho
,o firBt
t-ortcd to the mercant lc marine f
prompt creation of a navy. Tho first
6hip.of-war that ever got to sea since the
present organization of tho Navy, was an
I ft
Iudiaman. bought for the
purpose, and
armed with twenty-four
guns.
Numer-
ous other vessel-, many of very small s-ize,
were purchased and armed, as the war'
with France was confined principally to
chases and conflicts with the enemy's pri i
yatecrs, who swarmed upon our coast, cs-
pecially around the West Indies tor which
these licbt vessels were very efficient.
Li I
,
Some of thej.fi vessels nlaved
havoc with,
I J nn
,f .... ".i .
o
tin for the fclow formality of trial.
i i .i : . j. : .. i om i
. , , .
bCiMunmc of the war v. ith hnijlaud in
, 0., fa i r - . i i t iii
1SI2, not a single frigate had been adJid
i x- 7-.L . . - i -
to the 2aty. Ui the thirteen rUained in '
, , J . , .
lbUK only nine were fit for sea in 1&12;
. ' . '. i , ,
vet in that luterva of e even year.- scarce
J , , . , J . , ' . e
our neutrul rights by France or England.
oy
War with the latter found us wholly un-!
prepared for it. Our merchant vessels
whileneu every ?ea wuu tacir canvass, f. . t,
. , t . on the march.
et while Lnjlar.d, with a navy of a thou-, m, .. i r. m t t o
J " , . , . ' , j -i 1 he expedition left Clarksburg on Sun-
.sand and Hixty ships, stood ready to pweep , - , . - ?, .
' uu r J , , ' day cveuinij, and marchin" all niht,
them from the ocean, we poesesscd but , , Av c. m j -
. . , . i i reached ve.-ton on Mouday morning, a-
eventeen cruising vessel?, of which Dine. t fico , , Jnna or
pnrn nt n n nsa nee r h n n tlinr OT Irlinips. '
.. .. r r
T!.i- oriminnl ,rrotire of oar commerce !
is aecond fo
fef hTB
ocean. M.di-on and his Cabinet were -
fca i.fied of it. They rcoUed to embar-!
They
othcentireNavy; not a shiphhould be al
lowed to sail for fear of capture. Captain
Charlclf-sStcward, uho had betn trained
iu the merchant enice, and who yt t rur-1
lives at more than eighty, gallant "and
patriotic as ever, in company wilh Capt
Baitibtid-ic, protested to Madison against.
this scaodalous' cowardice, and demand
ed that the Navy should le sent to
The Cabimt listened to them, but
sea.
were
iiifii'xible. Madison tbev convinced, for
ne reiuetaDcrcu i am joaes auu uu gm- ,
i. t r mnnrB nr t ii l J onl ii t ? n ri our fri-1 ""u" a'u; : ror provai ed among the union people.
tt s .Ti Sud En Maud id to be Jr ' a,,d J' Sbumat' A'lDft theS thci If an dared io declare a Union opin
K.tes leu, and England ceased to be cbarges A Rrd q gix ffieQ , Bcntimoutf .fc thj ajgna, fo
invincioio. i accompanied the money to this city, and . 8utumarj death. Numerous instances of
In he three year content . which night h Mfe, dcposited in thfl I kinJ occQr bave beard
fflfl PI IM' I IMC iai L VILC dLLUU U2 UUU .
, " T .
spicuou. u purL s iuu .tr.
a popular belief that all fighting must be
lone by frigates in the regular way
and ,
that no conquests are worth noticing un- .
less achieved by a national hip. Hence ! How a Zouave Feels m Battle,
the brilliant victories won by our mer;h- j One of the Zouaves, belonging to Col.
ant marine during that war have been o-uryea's Regiment, wrote a letter borne
verlooked, and tho capabilities of that just after the battle at Great Bethel, in
now idle power appear to be unknown to which he describes pretty clearly how
the present Government. But the supe- one feels in battle. He writes as follows:
rianazuv'tiy of private enterprise is 2-' "Before long we had all we had bar
.it. .. ., -i . icio tn fnr n'rtf hnlf n miln in advance
cscus. v uiic tue uovernajcui, iu ioi,
ibou-ht merchant ships as tboy had done
. ' . . 'o
ti
twelve vesrs nrcviousl v. and thu created
;
.1 navy almost immediately, privateers mx nncu cannon, auu piuuiy ui umci
.vere fitted out with astonishing rapidity, guns; besides a largo rifle company in
In thrco weeks after tho declaration of front ready to and willing to pop off us
war, every New-England seaport was a-."red devils'' as soon as we made our ap
Jive'with activity in getting them ready pearanco. Wo soon formed a line of
for sea. This city was equally active. battle, and threw out two companies, J.
Saiart schooners were armed, manned, and K, (company K. is the one Harry
and off in a single week. Two or three and 1 belong to) and wc hadn't traveled
guns were all they wanted, while in num- far before bang went an old 24 pounder,
bcrless cases a single long torn was all I trembled in my boots. After the first
they asked for. The next week brought phot was fired, and wo found that no one
them back with from one to half a dozeu was hurt, it gave the raenconfidonce in
prizes. The dash and daring of these themselves,. all thoughts of being hit
vessels was incredible, and showed that had vanished, and we were now ready for
in the merchant service lay the great na- a fight. We now left the woods, charged
tional reliance. They scoured every sea, up the road with the idea of carrying the
haunted every coast of both England and place at the point of the bayonet.
Ireland. Some of their exploits bave "As soon a we reached the road a big
never been exceeded by any performed in rifled cannon was sighted at us and blazed
the Navy of any country. The privateer away; fortunately only company K hap
Paul Jones of three guns, captured the pened to bo in tho road, and we saw the
ship Hassan of fourteen. The Teazer, a ball coming, and, quick as a flash every
mere cockboat with two guns, gallantly man went flat on bis faco at the same time
took the ship Oaborno of ten guns, and the ball pased over our heads, filling our
500 tuna burden. She afterward cap- mouths and. eyes with sand and dust.
tared tho Clark, a much larger vessel, You can immagine we didn't move a hair
with sixteen guns, having carried her in no, not us; we Jay as flat as pan.cakes.
few minutes by boarding Tho Frank- After that they lost the range and tho
Hn, of this port, captured seven British balls passed high over us. I aul not ue
ships in a cruise of two weeks, all of lieve cannonlalts could be dodged before.
which were armed. The John of Salem, I .
took eleven in three weeks. On one oc-j "We marched ihat day thirty-live
ca8ioo an armed whale-boat captured an'mtlb.s, bbsldcs tho fight. It'fl fan if jdii
English brig, on ttbose dcck the boat wardbn't get bit;"
. 1 ....
afterward hoisted and carried by the brig
"'o Portland. Vessels belonging to the
British Nary were repeatedly captured
. . "I an. 1 r e ,i
by OUT privateers. i he defense of the
General Armstrong, in the harbor of
Fajal, has never been surpassed in cal
Jantry. All these Teasels were commas
ded by merchant captains whom the war
Dad "e. t ODD of whom had ser-
red an hour in tho Navy. Paul Jones,
' and in fact all the other commanders, of
, ,tory is crowded with the record of their
I brilliant achievements.
It appears to us that the Government
is overlooking the immense power of this
now half idle interest. The merchant ser
vice contains a thousand vessels which
could be manned by men as daring as
any that Bwept British commerce from
the ocean fifty years ago, and which could
be most advantageously employed to close
up every little coastwise inlet of the Reb
el States, dogging and capturing their in
land shallops, and sending their pirates to
tho bottom. These craft need but a day
or two s preparation to sail a gun or two
slung aboard, lockers filled, sails set, and
uieyareou. m8i, ueet or tnem wouia hiB beliof and hi3 praetical adherence
cork op iSlew-Orleans Mobile, Charles- to it( he ha3 beea per3ecutod ja divers
ton, and relieve a ponderous fleet draw- ways for a length of time, but with a do
me so mu:u water as to keen it miles a- 1 : a i j: r
fro.tb.e ?ort. n.teDded 10 be dosed, t
?D tfcelsss'PP this class of men would '
f .. t n i V if L T i
htrlt' the Go has fallen back
Ti i. 7 V " K .
would be wise to look to it as the first. !
Seizure of $27,000 .Virginia State Funds
GV. Piermont.'
From the Wheeling intelligencer, July 3.
Captain John List returned to this city
I . 1 i
I fl W i (ironinir hnvini? tn nhnrtrn ftrnnfn.cflr'-
,, j' , n j . i ,
the bauk at U eston, Ya., where it had
oeen piacea to tne credit ot tne western
; ijuuawc .yium, dj tne otate auiuonties.
uautdiu xjist m ua euujujj?aiuueu uy uuv.
u. , , . , , J . ., .
rierpomt to go and take charge of this
,. , . . B , .
ajoney, the work on tho Asylum having
, '. , , ., , . . ,a
been .'topped, and there bemc reasonable
. 1 r. '., , v , , ,, .
apprehension that the gold might fall into
, r , , f T . , , . mi
the bnds of Letcher s government. The
c0P!in Prcceed,e.d to Grafton, and upon
uiuKiug fcuowu uis ui-jeut io ueucrm iuc-
uienan, in ies man iweniy-iour oours a
rn tr t rn r tt r rt rrnn iinnT i :r i i tiat" trnrn
,-vi.u.vw.i.., .uvi'uuu.w .i vn un
aslcep' bUt tbC 110(1 band wb,ch accomp.a-
expedition aroused the drowsy
bn Lionel Iy er took pos.es.ion
b? UcC Lut went down
. . .-...
uuu uuujuuuuu iui; iuuu iu iuu unuio ui
the State of Virginia. No resistance was
made, and the money was soon forked o
money
ver. Some of the Bank men thought the
amount ought to have been taken incur
rence, but Captain List said he did not
think so, and that was all of it.
The troops captured some twenty odd
prisonerc, all ot who were released upon
1 1
examination, except the following who
nnrji hrmiirlit nn in d
Grafton and plaoed As Mr. Ferricr passed through Missis
s T. Jackson,-George ' sippi, the utmost consternation and ter-
, . .
, u..un- v ? T.;,.i Tt,r, Tr.,.
iortnwestern uani, ana win no usea oy
IT . It 1 1 Ml 1 II
thoiiC tQ whom jt
gute Governmeut
belongs the true
i "Before Ions we had all wo had par- ,
gaiuww - - . :
were the enemy, strongly lortmcu, wa,
. t i JAKiihAn if h o
i . i
ma
it e . '
.sued Dattery oi twenty-nvc ucavy guu.
'ti J J I i. c l.
Report of a Refugee from the South.
From the Cincinnati Gazette
An old gentleman, named John E.
F.irrinr llisf ono woolr from ),io r.,.l
-m m j t www ftft W ftft UIU ft bUiUVUUV
day, for the purpose of relating some
facts in regard to tho present condition
of affairs in that State. Mr. Farrier is
member of tho Baptist Church, and has
been a proteasing Christian for over twen-
ty years. Aside from this, bia gray
hairs, honest face and earnest manner
are sufficient guarantee of the troth of his
statements, in presenting which we de
sire to state that wo attach perhaps less
importance to anonymous statements
than is generally done, but those falling
from this old man's lips carried with
them tho irresistible weight of truth it
self. Mr. Farrier was raised near Big Eagle
Bridge, Soott county, Ky., and emigrated
to Aiaoama over tnirtv-six years ao
a. l l .i.
where Tie has raised a family, whom ho
left on his farm upon coming thither.
ft w
He is in independent circumstances, yet
his crops of corn, cotton, tobacco, &o.,
have always been raisod by white labor,
! ue
balding slavery to be a curse. For
ue ha3 8U0ceedcd, oven in his uapopular
COurse, to place himself beyond pecuniary
want ot an' klDd
Tho old RentlemaD states that in Mo-
duo, wniou is swarming witn soldiers, tne
greatcst excitement prevails, and the very
Ino cxtremest bate rauklcs in every
breast toward the North, which, with a
braggart air, the chivalry feel confident
they can easily whip. As Mr. Farrier
left Mobile the soldiers had received or
ders from Jeff. Davis to bo in readiness
for an attack on Fort Pickens on the
Fourth of July, after which, in the cvont
of success, it ii their avowed intention to
pn3h for Washington. This, of course, is
;ven as the bciicf eD
given as the belief entertained in Mobile.
Disorder and noise arc tho chief charac
teristics of the Confederate forces bo far
as t-een by our informant.
He says that the condition of the poor
whites, and a great majority of the blacks,
is terrible. Both are starving, lhesol-
dierS( notwithstaDding their hatred of the
jvforth. be n to chafo under tho outhern
ruGi and jn many instances they havo de
manded their oav at tho muzzle of the
revolvers. As a general thing they are
poorly provisioned and very badly cared
for, but extravagantly "promise cram
med." r f i . n .11 XT Tl
a nn.iirwiriii ntninr mm nr. n.. nn
" """ ' - -i
the cars at Mobile, that fully six hundred
soldiers are now oi the list in Fort Mor-
gan, at Mobile Point, and he believed
tbat unless something was done to im-
prove its hygIcnic conditioD) fully a thou-
sand WOuld bo taken down during the
wceu wue whoi0 C0Untrv is in arms up
frn ffin "fiTnnf nl y lino finfl .TnflF DflVIs'
J ftUW A.JkV U t U k J fttUW ftft vftft
spies, at S40 per month, are liberally
distributed all over. One was on bis
wav to Louisville with Mr. F.. and it was
.h:B intention to visit Cincinnati. Pitts-
burch, and other eastern points to New
York, and to return homo through
Vir-
ninia.
r ... . TT -
'
from other souroes. It is a common
practice to hunt down Union men with
dogs, and kill them as such, at present in
lower Mississippi.
Rev. Mr. Mobler, a Baptist Minister,
waa driven out of bis parish mere, a few
days before our informant left, and pur
sued by dogs, and only escaped being
torn to pieces by flying to the swamps.
This barbarity, unprecedented in Chris-
i. JJ O-
"ou "uu",Ji - r-i'-- j 'b
ceasiu us uapuui opuit.
... . t . it
Thnnfirinris ot sinvenoiuers. to Ha v noia-
......, nf hi,0 r
-? - . nr f.
iiiiT n nit: iuuujuuuu vri riirv nuvw(
thirstinfr for the clad hour when
mighty arm of this glorious Government
shall bo stretched out to their aid.
Their constant hope and prayer is that
the time of their deliverance may speedi
ly come.
The Charleston Mercury Surprised Again.
The Charleston Mercury cannot be
lieve that England and France have pro
hibited tho bringing of Confederate pri
vateer prizes into their ports, for .by that
act it thinks tboy declare that they aro
not neutral or friendly, but hostile na
tions toward tho Confederate Statea.
But if the transatlantic advices aro true,
Mercury thinks the Confederate Commis
sioners ought immediately to drop all in
tercourse with the Governments of France
and England, and that tho Confederate
States should carry out this policy in
their commercial relations. In other
words, they should prohibit the exporta
tion of cotton or tobacco to either of those
nations.
IJHenry M. Herman has been pro
moted to a first Hcutcnantoy in tho Uni
ted Statos army, as a reward for valiiablo
services rendered to tho government.
Furnished with an organ and a monkey,
ho yisited the prominent points of Virgin
ia andJook notes, which be reported id
tbo War Department.
thirty miles fiom Motile, Alabama, on , -J take up a country newspapor that does' ilavl,,g been convened on anextraordi
the Biebee River, called upon us. vester- not contain "stanzas" to this or that rer- nar? occas,n, aa authorized by the Con-
Patriotism and Poetry.
Poets go hand in hand with Mars and
Bellona. Tho smell of gun-powder must'
' illnir tlin "iKiMnn .ffl.InD TV., -
f ft W
nivinA nfflnlua Y7. o.AA
! imcnt, gone or going to Dixie's Land. ;8t,tut,on. J01" attention is not called to
I Take tho following, for example: written' nDy. or?,nai7 subject of legislation.
a home by one of the boys descriptive
' some of the peculiar hardships of camp
. Ie:
They gave us hog and buscuit,
And coffee made of peas,
But upon the last named,
There's nary bit of grease;
At night the creeping insect
Insinuates its bill,
And keeps our arms a-movingr
Like Heenan's in a mill.
Virginian "Character.
The regular correspondent of the Bos- j Pickens Tay.or, and Jefferson on and the existence of which the present Admin
ton Journal, in a letter from Fortress near the blonda coast, and Fort Sumter, ;,frnf:nn ltn to f; t,; a;.
".""' u", BU ,lu IDSC-' 8aJs' lU?
.1 . .. '
of
cnn.4i.tnr. v niiomnnn minroci tn na
, . 4, .h . v: '"'-""1
ov
enastmg Ethiopian. l'Tom the veteran
or cighty-nve-the oldest ol the crops
O J
to the ebony youth who minds the horses
at the door, every member of the Virgin
ia Brigade is a study. "What sort of a
man is your masterT'' asked an officer of
the negro on board the little sloop,
brought in from James River by tho Har
riet Lane yesterday. "Ver bad men,
sab," was the reply; ''dreff'l aesesh bet
ter hang bim, sab, fore he do mischief."
One who has thus far proved himself
singularly useful in every service in
which ho has been employed is most de
cidedly a character. Four years he has
been a "wood nigger." that is to say,
having been soundly beaten by his mas
ter once, ho declared that he would en
dure tbat sort of thing but once more; bo
ing badly beaten again, and pickled more
over, bo dissolved his connection with bis
master, and took to the woods. Since
tbat time be has defied all the white men
in the Elizabeth City Country to catch
him. Once bo was caught and jailed,
but not fancying jail life, he vanished
one day. lwo of the tellows came to bis
cell; one he knocked senseless, and while
the other carried tho wounded away, he
escaped. He is now making himself
generally useful. He can brush a coat,
black boots, take charge of a wardrobe,
drive hard bargains with the sutler, ex
plain tho geography of the country for
fifty miles around, tell at any time just
where the enemy is posted, and in what
force, and withal as I am informed by
his present possessor oan conooot ovcry
sort of beverage known in the Virginia
vernacular, with consummate skill. If
such a piece of property isn't contraband,
what isP
What he Would Do.
The man tbat will take a newspapor
for a length of time, and send it back re
fused and unpaid for would swallow a
blind dog's diuncr, and then stone the
dog for being blind. Exchange.
He would do worse than that. Ho
would marry a girl on trial, and send
her back at tbo end of the Honeymoon,
with tho words "don't suit," chalked on
her back. Iron City.
He would do worse than that. He
would steal the chalk to write it with,
and afterward he would use it on his shirt
to save the expense of washing, and then
suo his wife's father for her month's
boarding Advertiser.
Worse yet. He'd cbaso a siok rat ten
miles over a corduroy road, and institute
a post mortem examination after he had
caught him in order to recover a stolen
grain of corn. Morgantown Star.
Wo endorse every word of the above;
Ho would also steal rotten aoorns from a
blind pig, and steal all tho winter meat
of an editor. Somerset Herald.
Some time ago wo had an individual
of tho above stripo in tho oil region on
the Slippery rock, in this county. He
went by tho name of aj bird, and flew
off with 12.00, of our funds. A writ
was issued to the Printer's Dovil for his
arrest, who made returns as follows: In
swompus ct non com-at-a-bus sic vita
erat catobum introsum turpem spo
ciosum pello decord gone off. Law
rence Journal.
-9'
Proportion of Horses to Population.
The general estimate for tho horse cen
sus has been eight to ten horses in Eu
rope for ovcry hundred inhabitants; Den
mark has forty-five horses to every hun
dred inhabitant?, which is more than any
other European country; Groat Britain
and Ireland havje 2,500,000 horses;
Franco, 3,000,000; the United States have
n nnn nnn ' mnm ilion onw TTlnm.
pean country, and the borses of the whole
i i :A ,.j ..Riionnnn
world aro estimated at 57,420,000.
nKVTTnnVr thn TTendinc. "the onemv
iuiuu perpemauy recurs, as to a subject" vizcu oaa oeen pucin im-
at our doors," tho New Orleans Pioayune; view this reduced tue duty oi tno jxamm
says: "While wo are remaining in fan-; istration in tho case to tho mere matter
cied 'security, and boasting of the impos-of getting tho garrison safely out of the
Bibility of tho invasion of our shores by fort.
the enemy, a fleet takes possession of! It was believed, however, that to so a
Shio Island aud the sound, and cuts off ' bandon that position, under tho circum
our communication with Mobile, while; stances, would bo utterly ruinous; that the
another of the cneni.es ships blockades ' necessity under which it was to bo Uono
. .. "
another oi tue cnem.es ju.pB u.u u..y uuu.. v 8t by
tho mouth of the Atcbafalaya Where is would not
a nnUol nml wlir nri fhnv'mnnv it WOUlU he COUStrUBO a 8 a pan wl
oui usciu k-umw-, ..-j -.- .-v
permitted to lie idle when there s P'eh y,
of opportunity lor tnem 10 exercise tnetr
i..iir.j i u ti:i..- u rt .
SKlll aUU UruvuiV UJ uitnuz a diuuii ina -
party wuu iuc nut uiau wi iuv
President's Message.
r r .
itlLow-CxUzcns of the Senate and House
J -l"7"ca'.S,
of! . . . DcSlnn,na of the present Fresi
dential term, four months aio the func
tions of tho Federal Government were
found to be generally suspended within
the several States of South Carolina,Geor-
.... BW11(p JJU1),,lllBi ,u
Florida, excepting only of tho Poat-Offioe
ei),r-r,l,mc!' Ci . , ,
W ithin these States, all tho forts ar-
sonals, dockyard., custom-houses and tho
like, including the moveable and I sUlion -
ary property m and about them had been
this Government, exoeptinc only Forts
auu uu,u 1U cu awiuy to
Mini lH a MnMM m a vi. it 1 TTt . .
ITL ..i. l - JLJt ?
!m u ua.luu,1'. "u.lu aroua;--
4 , , ' , . :
uiuveu cDuumon. nen nnns nun nnrn niitir
aea iorccs naa ceen organized,
na were organizing, an avowedly with
I
the oamo hostile purpose.
me lorts remaining in tbo possession
of the Federal Government in and near
these States were either besieged or men-
J1 ITI- . . .
aeea oy warnue preparations, ana especi-
ally ort bumter was nearly surrounded
by well protected hostile batteries with
guns equal in quality to the best of its
own, and outnumbering the latter as per
haps ten to one. A disproportionate share
of the Federal muskets and rifles had
somehow found their way into those
States, and had been seized to bo used a
gainst the Government.
Accumulations of the public revenue,
lying within them, had been seized for
the same object. Tho Navy was scatter
ed in distant seas, leaving but a very
small part of it within the immediate
reach of the Government.
Officers of the Federal army had re
signed in great numbers, and of those re
signing a large proportion had taken up
arms against the Government. Simulta
neously and in common with all this, tho
purpose to sever the Federal Union was
openly avowed.
. . ,
In accordance with this purpose, an or
dinance had been adopted in each of
these States, declaring the Stalcs rcspec -
tivcly to be separated from tho National
Union. A formation for instituting a
combined Government of those States had
been promulgated, and in this illegaal or
ganization, in the "Confederate Slates,"
was already invoking recognition, aid,
and interventiou from foreign Powers.
Finding this condition of things, and
belieiog it to be an imperative duty up
on tho incoming Executive to prevent, if
possible, the consumation of such attempt
to destroy the Federal Union, a choice
of means to that end became indispensa
ble. 1 bis choice was made, and declared
in the inaugural address. The policy
chosen looked to the exhaustion of all
peaceful measures before a resort to any
stronger ones. It sought only to hold the
public places and property not already
wrested from the Government, and to col
lect the revenue, relying for the rest on
time, discussion, and tho ballot box; it
promised a continuance of tho mails, at
Government expense, to the very poople
who were resisting the Government,
and
it gave repeated pledges against any dis- j
InrKqnnna tn o rur rv F flirv nnnnla or nnn nf .
.:u. f -n .!.- JuzJu - -.,M-f
m ? lx t AAnefihifinrtDno on? TilarifinVilw fin
u , !,:., r,vnQ
in such a case: everything was forborne, t
without which it was belioved possible to , " -
keep the Government on footf 8a,I;?t3 fof tho GcrnmCDt began the
On the 5th of March, tho present in- 50nfhct of ar(D8, out & l&ht
cumbent's first full day in office, a letter 10 expectanoj to return their fire save
r xr- a4-,o f only the few in the fort sent to that har-
from Major Anderson, commanding at t J , , - . .
I? o L t, oo.u t -p k ' bor years before, for their own proteo-
Fort Sumter, written on tho 28th of leb., ; . , t... ' : , r
j j u w-- n-fm,f I tion, and still ready to give that proteo
and received at tho War department on . , J . b. . T
.u iw -u . v.of nrf tion in whatcver.was lawful. In this not,
the 4th of March, was by that JUepart- 1 ,. .. . , , . ,
i j - i ; ' uia i discarding all else, they havo forced upon
ment placed in his hands. , J. . ,r "
rpk. i f 00 .i ,fca;r.i the country the distinct issue immediate
I his letter cxpressos tho professional J ,
r .u-. k r,.fMn. .dissolution or blood. And this issue ea-
mcnts could not be thrown into that fort
.. . . -
within the time for his relief, rendered
necessary by the limited supply of pro
visions, and with a view of holding po
session of the same, with a force less than
20,000 good and well disciplined men.
This opinion was concurred in by all
tho officers of his command, and their
memoranda on tho subject wore made in
cisures of Major Anderson's letter. The
whole was immediately laid before Lieutenant-General
Scott, who at once concur
od with Major Anderson in his opinion.
On reflection, however, he took full
time, consulting with other offioers, both
of tho Army and the Navy, and at tho
nl fV.il- tl orta flnmn rnlnntnnflu Kllf. llp-
illM ui iuui "J " j
cidedly to the same conclusion as before.
Ho also stated, at the Bame time, tbat no
such sufficient force was then at the con
tro otthe uovern.ont or cou.u ora. ea
and brought to the ground within the
and brought to the ground
time when provisions in the fort would be
exhausted. In a purely military point of
. . . , , :, , . ..,-, i
j -- . . - .,
a voluntary u,
Qiaoou-o .- ...-- . , -
Knirlnn its adversaries, and go far to in-
em-
' m"- ... , j 1.1
the latter a recognition abroad; tbat,.'
- - - - -
in fact, it would be our national' destruc
tion consummated.
This coald'not be allowed. Starva
tion was not yet upon the garrison, and
ere it would be reached, fort Pickens
might bo re-enforccd. This last would:
be a clear indication of policy, and would
, enable the country to accept the evacna'
tion of Fort Sumte. as a military necea-
sity. An order was at onoe directed t'o!
be sent for the landing of the troops from
the steamship Brooklyn into Fort Pick-
but mu9ttake the longor and anrer routtf
by sea.
I The firt return newg from tho order
wa3 recoivcd Just one weck bcfor(J th(J fl,r
of Sumtor. Thfl neW9 tM,f was that
; 0fficerommanding the Sabine, to whfclf
:vessel tbetroo?3bad been transferred front
tbo Brooklyn, actio
J ' C
n( L'i, a,ikL j
patched, had only too vauo and uncertain
rumors t0 fix attention,had refused to land
.i m , n .
lDe iroop8. lonowreeniorce i4ort iricKens,
beforo a crisis would be reached at F
Fort
t
Sumter, was impossible, rendered so-bv
the near exhaustion of
near exhaustion of provisions in the
; latter-named Fort
"I In precaution against such a conjunc
ture the vjrovernment had a few days bo
r fore comtneDced creDarinf? an ncd;linn.
ns weii adanted a, hf. t(f roi: '
- 'J t -" w.w.W
Fort Sumter, which expedition waa inten
ded to be ultimately used or not, accord'
ing to current circumstances. The stron
gest anticipated case for using it was now
presented, and it was resolved to send it
forward, as bad been intended.
In thi3 contingency it was alao resolved'
to notify the Governor of South Carolina
that he might expect an attempt would bo
made to provision the fort, and that if the
attempt should not be resisted, thoro
would be no attempt to throw in men,
arms, or ammunition, without further no
tice, or in case of an attack upon the fort.
This notice was accordingly given, where
upon the fort was attacked and bombard
ed to its fall, without even awaiting thtf
arrival of the provisioning expedition.
It is thus seen that tbo assault uponr
and reduction of Fort Sumter, was in no
senso a matter of self defense on the part
of the assailants. Thev well knew that
' th0 garrison in tbo fort eonld W no t,0
j sibinty, commit aggression upon tbomj
, they knew they were expressly
notified
that tho giving of bread to the few brave
and hungry men cf the garrison was all
which would on that occasion boattcmp-
, ted, unless themselves, by resisting so
, much, should provoke more.
I They knew that this Goernment de
sired to keep the garrison in the fort, not
to assail them, but merely to maintain
visible possession, and thus to preserve
the Union from actual and immediate
1 dissolution, trusting as herein beforo sta
ted, to timo, discussion and the ballot-box
for final adjustment, and they assailed
and reduced the fort, for precisoly ihe
reverse object, to drivo out the visible au
thority of the Federal Union and thus
force it to immediate dissolution; that this
, wa9 their object, the Executive well un
derstood, and having said to them in tho
Inaugural Address: "You can bave no-
conflict without being yourselves the ag
gressors." He took pains not only to keep this
declaration good, but also to keep the
case so far from ingenious sophistry as
that the world should not
misunderstand
it. By the affair at I'ort Sumter, with
its surrounding circumstances, tbat point
, o f r
hranpa morf than thn fntp of f hoso Itniforl
States. It presents to the wbolo family
of man thequestion whether a constitution
al republic or democracy, a government of
the pcoplo, by tbo same people oan or can
not maintain it- territorial intogrity against
its own domestic foes. It presents tho
question whether discontented individuals
too few in numbers to control tbo admin
istration according to the organic law in
any case, can always, upon the pretenses
made in this case or any other pretensos,
or arbitrarily without any pretense, break
up their government, and thus practical
ly put an end to "free gorernroent upon
the earth. It forces us to ask, "Is there
in all republics this inherent and fatal
weakness!" Must a government of ne
cessity be too strong for the liberties of
its own peoplo, or two weak to maintain
its own existence!
So viewing the issue, no choice was
loft but to call out tbo war power of "tho
Government, and so to rsist the force
employed for its destruction by force for
its preservation. The call was made and
tho rcsponso of tho country was most
gratifying, surpassing in unanimity and
spirit the most sanguine expectations.
Yet none o! the States coma only called
Slave States, except Delaware, gave a
regiment through the regular State or-
: ganatflon, A few regiments have been
80me others of those
r- ArTmXL-. .
Dtat5Stbv individual enterprise and re-
Government service.
UI
(f oourne tho seceded State., do oalled ,
to which Texas had been joined' a-
ana