Bcuotcc to jpoltttcs, literature, Agriculture, Stimu, JHoraJitti, ano cncrol Intelligence- - VOL 20. STROUDSBORG, MONROE COUNTY, PA. JULY ,11 1861. NO. 25 Published by Theodore ScIlOCll. termstwo dollars per annumin advance-Two dollars and a quarter, half yearly and if not paid be- forcthe cad of the year, Two dollars and n half. iVopapersdiicontimicd imlil allarreaiagesaicpaid, CK1;ll!?n?liyyVuKliUou , . line or three insertions, siob. Each additional inscr- 4r.lf!Jons?01,c,!lProir.ti,: OK Ptn'TliG .ilnving a general assortment of large. plain and or- tiaaientalTypo, wcarc prepared to execute everyde ocru.um.o, A.4lUHBSC j&UMWiiMiJw.. 'national ships in the Revolution, were ta- UirJs. Circulars, Hill Heads. Notes, Blank Keccipts, , , Ji.D r . ' t justice, i.cgai and other aiaiiks, Pamphlets. pi in Acn trom the decks of merchantmen to Ud with neatness and Jcsp.Uch, on rcasonahlctcnns the comnjand 0f frigates. Our early his l this office, i . . . . ? . Our Merchant Marine. At flie close of our war with France, and on the advent of Mr. Jefferson to power in 1801, Cougross authorized him eell the eutiro Navy, except thirteen frig ates named in tho act. This apparently unwise measure of reduction was greatly Vxaggcratcd by the partisan tendencies of the day; but its advocates justified it on the grouud that as all the cruising vessels bad been brought into the Naty, and wero no lougcr needed, they should be disposed of, and should war agaiu break out, others could be readily pur chased from the merchant service. Many ships were accordingly sold, and numer ous officers dismissed from the i-ervice This fact shows that in tho very first war lifter the Revolution, the Oovcroment re or iho ,o firBt t-ortcd to the mercant lc marine f prompt creation of a navy. Tho first 6hip.of-war that ever got to sea since the present organization of tho Navy, was an I ft Iudiaman. bought for the purpose, and armed with twenty-four guns. Numer- ous other vessel-, many of very small s-ize, were purchased and armed, as the war' with France was confined principally to chases and conflicts with the enemy's pri i yatecrs, who swarmed upon our coast, cs- pecially around the West Indies tor which these licbt vessels were very efficient. Li I , Some of thej.fi vessels nlaved havoc with, I J nn ,f .... ".i . o tin for the fclow formality of trial. i i .i : . j. : .. i om i . , , . bCiMunmc of the war v. ith hnijlaud in , 0., fa i r - . i i t iii 1SI2, not a single frigate had been adJid i x- 7-.L . . - i - to the 2aty. Ui the thirteen rUained in ' , , J . , . lbUK only nine were fit for sea in 1&12; . ' . '. i , , vet in that luterva of e even year.- scarce J , , . , J . , ' . e our neutrul rights by France or England. oy War with the latter found us wholly un-! prepared for it. Our merchant vessels whileneu every ?ea wuu tacir canvass, f. . t, . , t . on the march. et while Lnjlar.d, with a navy of a thou-, m, .. i r. m t t o J " , . , . ' , j -i 1 he expedition left Clarksburg on Sun- .sand and Hixty ships, stood ready to pweep , - , . - ?, . ' uu r J , , ' day cveuinij, and marchin" all niht, them from the ocean, we poesesscd but , , Av c. m j - . . , . i i reached ve.-ton on Mouday morning, a- eventeen cruising vessel?, of which Dine. t fico , , Jnna or pnrn nt n n nsa nee r h n n tlinr OT Irlinips. ' .. .. r r T!.i- oriminnl ,rrotire of oar commerce ! is aecond fo fef hTB ocean. M.di-on and his Cabinet were - fca i.fied of it. They rcoUed to embar-! They othcentireNavy; not a shiphhould be al lowed to sail for fear of capture. Captain Charlclf-sStcward, uho had betn trained iu the merchant enice, and who yt t rur-1 lives at more than eighty, gallant "and patriotic as ever, in company wilh Capt Baitibtid-ic, protested to Madison against. this scaodalous' cowardice, and demand ed that the Navy should le sent to The Cabimt listened to them, but sea. were iiifii'xible. Madison tbev convinced, for ne reiuetaDcrcu i am joaes auu uu gm- , i. t r mnnrB nr t ii l J onl ii t ? n ri our fri-1 ""u" a'u; : ror provai ed among the union people. tt s .Ti Sud En Maud id to be Jr ' a,,d J' Sbumat' A'lDft theS thci If an dared io declare a Union opin K.tes leu, and England ceased to be cbarges A Rrd q gix ffieQ , Bcntimoutf .fc thj ajgna, fo invincioio. i accompanied the money to this city, and . 8utumarj death. Numerous instances of In he three year content . which night h Mfe, dcposited in thfl I kinJ occQr bave beard fflfl PI IM' I IMC iai L VILC dLLUU U2 UUU . , " T . spicuou. u purL s iuu .tr. a popular belief that all fighting must be lone by frigates in the regular way and , that no conquests are worth noticing un- . less achieved by a national hip. Hence ! How a Zouave Feels m Battle, the brilliant victories won by our mer;h- j One of the Zouaves, belonging to Col. ant marine during that war have been o-uryea's Regiment, wrote a letter borne verlooked, and tho capabilities of that just after the battle at Great Bethel, in now idle power appear to be unknown to which he describes pretty clearly how the present Government. But the supe- one feels in battle. He writes as follows: rianazuv'tiy of private enterprise is 2-' "Before long we had all we had bar .it. .. ., -i . icio tn fnr n'rtf hnlf n miln in advance cscus. v uiic tue uovernajcui, iu ioi, ibou-ht merchant ships as tboy had done . ' . . 'o ti twelve vesrs nrcviousl v. and thu created ; .1 navy almost immediately, privateers mx nncu cannon, auu piuuiy ui umci .vere fitted out with astonishing rapidity, guns; besides a largo rifle company in In thrco weeks after tho declaration of front ready to and willing to pop off us war, every New-England seaport was a-."red devils'' as soon as we made our ap Jive'with activity in getting them ready pearanco. Wo soon formed a line of for sea. This city was equally active. battle, and threw out two companies, J. Saiart schooners were armed, manned, and K, (company K. is the one Harry and off in a single week. Two or three and 1 belong to) and wc hadn't traveled guns were all they wanted, while in num- far before bang went an old 24 pounder, bcrless cases a single long torn was all I trembled in my boots. After the first they asked for. The next week brought phot was fired, and wo found that no one them back with from one to half a dozeu was hurt, it gave the raenconfidonce in prizes. The dash and daring of these themselves,. all thoughts of being hit vessels was incredible, and showed that had vanished, and we were now ready for in the merchant service lay the great na- a fight. We now left the woods, charged tional reliance. They scoured every sea, up the road with the idea of carrying the haunted every coast of both England and place at the point of the bayonet. Ireland. Some of their exploits bave "As soon a we reached the road a big never been exceeded by any performed in rifled cannon was sighted at us and blazed the Navy of any country. The privateer away; fortunately only company K hap Paul Jones of three guns, captured the pened to bo in tho road, and we saw the ship Hassan of fourteen. The Teazer, a ball coming, and, quick as a flash every mere cockboat with two guns, gallantly man went flat on bis faco at the same time took the ship Oaborno of ten guns, and the ball pased over our heads, filling our 500 tuna burden. She afterward cap- mouths and. eyes with sand and dust. tared tho Clark, a much larger vessel, You can immagine we didn't move a hair with sixteen guns, having carried her in no, not us; we Jay as flat as pan.cakes. few minutes by boarding Tho Frank- After that they lost the range and tho Hn, of this port, captured seven British balls passed high over us. I aul not ue ships in a cruise of two weeks, all of lieve cannonlalts could be dodged before. which were armed. The John of Salem, I . took eleven in three weeks. On one oc-j "We marched ihat day thirty-live ca8ioo an armed whale-boat captured an'mtlb.s, bbsldcs tho fight. It'fl fan if jdii English brig, on ttbose dcck the boat wardbn't get bit;" . 1 .... afterward hoisted and carried by the brig "'o Portland. Vessels belonging to the British Nary were repeatedly captured . . "I an. 1 r e ,i by OUT privateers. i he defense of the General Armstrong, in the harbor of Fajal, has never been surpassed in cal Jantry. All these Teasels were commas ded by merchant captains whom the war Dad "e. t ODD of whom had ser- red an hour in tho Navy. Paul Jones, ' and in fact all the other commanders, of , ,tory is crowded with the record of their I brilliant achievements. It appears to us that the Government is overlooking the immense power of this now half idle interest. The merchant ser vice contains a thousand vessels which could be manned by men as daring as any that Bwept British commerce from the ocean fifty years ago, and which could be most advantageously employed to close up every little coastwise inlet of the Reb el States, dogging and capturing their in land shallops, and sending their pirates to tho bottom. These craft need but a day or two s preparation to sail a gun or two slung aboard, lockers filled, sails set, and uieyareou. m8i, ueet or tnem wouia hiB beliof and hi3 praetical adherence cork op iSlew-Orleans Mobile, Charles- to it( he ha3 beea per3ecutod ja divers ton, and relieve a ponderous fleet draw- ways for a length of time, but with a do me so mu:u water as to keen it miles a- 1 : a i j: r fro.tb.e ?ort. n.teDded 10 be dosed, t ?D tfcelsss'PP this class of men would ' f .. t n i V if L T i htrlt' the Go has fallen back Ti i. 7 V " K . would be wise to look to it as the first. ! Seizure of $27,000 .Virginia State Funds GV. Piermont.' From the Wheeling intelligencer, July 3. Captain John List returned to this city I . 1 i I fl W i (ironinir hnvini? tn nhnrtrn ftrnnfn.cflr'- ,, j' , n j . i , the bauk at U eston, Ya., where it had oeen piacea to tne credit ot tne western ; ijuuawc .yium, dj tne otate auiuonties. uautdiu xjist m ua euujujj?aiuueu uy uuv. u. , , . , , J . ., . rierpomt to go and take charge of this ,. , . . B , . ajoney, the work on tho Asylum having , '. , , ., , . . ,a been .'topped, and there bemc reasonable . 1 r. '., , v , , ,, . apprehension that the gold might fall into , r , , f T . , , . mi the bnds of Letcher s government. The c0P!in Prcceed,e.d to Grafton, and upon uiuKiug fcuowu uis ui-jeut io ueucrm iuc- uienan, in ies man iweniy-iour oours a rn tr t rn r tt r rt rrnn iinnT i :r i i tiat" trnrn ,-vi.u.vw.i.., .uvi'uuu.w .i vn un aslcep' bUt tbC 110(1 band wb,ch accomp.a- expedition aroused the drowsy bn Lionel Iy er took pos.es.ion b? UcC Lut went down . . .-... uuu uuujuuuuu iui; iuuu iu iuu unuio ui the State of Virginia. No resistance was made, and the money was soon forked o money ver. Some of the Bank men thought the amount ought to have been taken incur rence, but Captain List said he did not think so, and that was all of it. The troops captured some twenty odd prisonerc, all ot who were released upon 1 1 examination, except the following who nnrji hrmiirlit nn in d Grafton and plaoed As Mr. Ferricr passed through Missis s T. Jackson,-George ' sippi, the utmost consternation and ter- , . . , u..un- v ? T.;,.i Tt,r, Tr.,. iortnwestern uani, ana win no usea oy IT . It 1 1 Ml 1 II thoiiC tQ whom jt gute Governmeut belongs the true i "Before Ions we had all wo had par- , gaiuww - - . : were the enemy, strongly lortmcu, wa, . t i JAKiihAn if h o i . i ma it e . ' .sued Dattery oi twenty-nvc ucavy guu. 'ti J J I i. c l. Report of a Refugee from the South. From the Cincinnati Gazette An old gentleman, named John E. F.irrinr llisf ono woolr from ),io r.,.l -m m j t www ftft W ftft UIU ft bUiUVUUV day, for the purpose of relating some facts in regard to tho present condition of affairs in that State. Mr. Farrier is member of tho Baptist Church, and has been a proteasing Christian for over twen- ty years. Aside from this, bia gray hairs, honest face and earnest manner are sufficient guarantee of the troth of his statements, in presenting which we de sire to state that wo attach perhaps less importance to anonymous statements than is generally done, but those falling from this old man's lips carried with them tho irresistible weight of truth it self. Mr. Farrier was raised near Big Eagle Bridge, Soott county, Ky., and emigrated to Aiaoama over tnirtv-six years ao a. l l .i. where Tie has raised a family, whom ho left on his farm upon coming thither. ft w He is in independent circumstances, yet his crops of corn, cotton, tobacco, &o., have always been raisod by white labor, ! ue balding slavery to be a curse. For ue ha3 8U0ceedcd, oven in his uapopular COurse, to place himself beyond pecuniary want ot an' klDd Tho old RentlemaD states that in Mo- duo, wniou is swarming witn soldiers, tne greatcst excitement prevails, and the very Ino cxtremest bate rauklcs in every breast toward the North, which, with a braggart air, the chivalry feel confident they can easily whip. As Mr. Farrier left Mobile the soldiers had received or ders from Jeff. Davis to bo in readiness for an attack on Fort Pickens on the Fourth of July, after which, in the cvont of success, it ii their avowed intention to pn3h for Washington. This, of course, is ;ven as the bciicf eD given as the belief entertained in Mobile. Disorder and noise arc tho chief charac teristics of the Confederate forces bo far as t-een by our informant. He says that the condition of the poor whites, and a great majority of the blacks, is terrible. Both are starving, lhesol- dierS( notwithstaDding their hatred of the jvforth. be n to chafo under tho outhern ruGi and jn many instances they havo de manded their oav at tho muzzle of the revolvers. As a general thing they are poorly provisioned and very badly cared for, but extravagantly "promise cram med." r f i . n .11 XT Tl a nn.iirwiriii ntninr mm nr. n.. nn " """ ' - -i the cars at Mobile, that fully six hundred soldiers are now oi the list in Fort Mor- gan, at Mobile Point, and he believed tbat unless something was done to im- prove its hygIcnic conditioD) fully a thou- sand WOuld bo taken down during the wceu wue whoi0 C0Untrv is in arms up frn ffin "fiTnnf nl y lino finfl .TnflF DflVIs' J ftUW A.JkV U t U k J fttUW ftft vftft spies, at S40 per month, are liberally distributed all over. One was on bis wav to Louisville with Mr. F.. and it was .h:B intention to visit Cincinnati. Pitts- burch, and other eastern points to New York, and to return homo through Vir- ninia. r ... . TT - ' from other souroes. It is a common practice to hunt down Union men with dogs, and kill them as such, at present in lower Mississippi. Rev. Mr. Mobler, a Baptist Minister, waa driven out of bis parish mere, a few days before our informant left, and pur sued by dogs, and only escaped being torn to pieces by flying to the swamps. This barbarity, unprecedented in Chris- i. JJ O- "ou "uu",Ji - r-i'-- j 'b ceasiu us uapuui opuit. ... . t . it Thnnfirinris ot sinvenoiuers. to Ha v noia- ......, nf hi,0 r -? - . nr f. iiiiT n nit: iuuujuuuu vri riirv nuvw( thirstinfr for the clad hour when mighty arm of this glorious Government shall bo stretched out to their aid. Their constant hope and prayer is that the time of their deliverance may speedi ly come. The Charleston Mercury Surprised Again. The Charleston Mercury cannot be lieve that England and France have pro hibited tho bringing of Confederate pri vateer prizes into their ports, for .by that act it thinks tboy declare that they aro not neutral or friendly, but hostile na tions toward tho Confederate Statea. But if the transatlantic advices aro true, Mercury thinks the Confederate Commis sioners ought immediately to drop all in tercourse with the Governments of France and England, and that tho Confederate States should carry out this policy in their commercial relations. In other words, they should prohibit the exporta tion of cotton or tobacco to either of those nations. IJHenry M. Herman has been pro moted to a first Hcutcnantoy in tho Uni ted Statos army, as a reward for valiiablo services rendered to tho government. Furnished with an organ and a monkey, ho yisited the prominent points of Virgin ia andJook notes, which be reported id tbo War Department. thirty miles fiom Motile, Alabama, on , -J take up a country newspapor that does' ilavl,,g been convened on anextraordi the Biebee River, called upon us. vester- not contain "stanzas" to this or that rer- nar? occas,n, aa authorized by the Con- Patriotism and Poetry. Poets go hand in hand with Mars and Bellona. Tho smell of gun-powder must' ' illnir tlin "iKiMnn .ffl.InD TV., - f ft W nivinA nfflnlua Y7. o.AA ! imcnt, gone or going to Dixie's Land. ;8t,tut,on. J01" attention is not called to I Take tho following, for example: written' nDy. or?,nai7 subject of legislation. a home by one of the boys descriptive ' some of the peculiar hardships of camp . Ie: They gave us hog and buscuit, And coffee made of peas, But upon the last named, There's nary bit of grease; At night the creeping insect Insinuates its bill, And keeps our arms a-movingr Like Heenan's in a mill. Virginian "Character. The regular correspondent of the Bos- j Pickens Tay.or, and Jefferson on and the existence of which the present Admin ton Journal, in a letter from Fortress near the blonda coast, and Fort Sumter, ;,frnf:nn ltn to f; t,; a;. ".""' u", BU ,lu IDSC-' 8aJs' lU? .1 . .. ' of cnn.4i.tnr. v niiomnnn minroci tn na , . 4, .h . v: '"'-""1 ov enastmg Ethiopian. l'Tom the veteran or cighty-nve-the oldest ol the crops O J to the ebony youth who minds the horses at the door, every member of the Virgin ia Brigade is a study. "What sort of a man is your masterT'' asked an officer of the negro on board the little sloop, brought in from James River by tho Har riet Lane yesterday. "Ver bad men, sab," was the reply; ''dreff'l aesesh bet ter hang bim, sab, fore he do mischief." One who has thus far proved himself singularly useful in every service in which ho has been employed is most de cidedly a character. Four years he has been a "wood nigger." that is to say, having been soundly beaten by his mas ter once, ho declared that he would en dure tbat sort of thing but once more; bo ing badly beaten again, and pickled more over, bo dissolved his connection with bis master, and took to the woods. Since tbat time be has defied all the white men in the Elizabeth City Country to catch him. Once bo was caught and jailed, but not fancying jail life, he vanished one day. lwo of the tellows came to bis cell; one he knocked senseless, and while the other carried tho wounded away, he escaped. He is now making himself generally useful. He can brush a coat, black boots, take charge of a wardrobe, drive hard bargains with the sutler, ex plain tho geography of the country for fifty miles around, tell at any time just where the enemy is posted, and in what force, and withal as I am informed by his present possessor oan conooot ovcry sort of beverage known in the Virginia vernacular, with consummate skill. If such a piece of property isn't contraband, what isP What he Would Do. The man tbat will take a newspapor for a length of time, and send it back re fused and unpaid for would swallow a blind dog's diuncr, and then stone the dog for being blind. Exchange. He would do worse than that. Ho would marry a girl on trial, and send her back at tbo end of the Honeymoon, with tho words "don't suit," chalked on her back. Iron City. He would do worse than that. He would steal the chalk to write it with, and afterward he would use it on his shirt to save the expense of washing, and then suo his wife's father for her month's boarding Advertiser. Worse yet. He'd cbaso a siok rat ten miles over a corduroy road, and institute a post mortem examination after he had caught him in order to recover a stolen grain of corn. Morgantown Star. Wo endorse every word of the above; Ho would also steal rotten aoorns from a blind pig, and steal all tho winter meat of an editor. Somerset Herald. Some time ago wo had an individual of tho above stripo in tho oil region on the Slippery rock, in this county. He went by tho name of aj bird, and flew off with 12.00, of our funds. A writ was issued to the Printer's Dovil for his arrest, who made returns as follows: In swompus ct non com-at-a-bus sic vita erat catobum introsum turpem spo ciosum pello decord gone off. Law rence Journal. -9' Proportion of Horses to Population. The general estimate for tho horse cen sus has been eight to ten horses in Eu rope for ovcry hundred inhabitants; Den mark has forty-five horses to every hun dred inhabitant?, which is more than any other European country; Groat Britain and Ireland havje 2,500,000 horses; Franco, 3,000,000; the United States have n nnn nnn ' mnm ilion onw TTlnm. pean country, and the borses of the whole i i :A ,.j ..Riionnnn world aro estimated at 57,420,000. nKVTTnnVr thn TTendinc. "the onemv iuiuu perpemauy recurs, as to a subject" vizcu oaa oeen pucin im- at our doors," tho New Orleans Pioayune; view this reduced tue duty oi tno jxamm says: "While wo are remaining in fan-; istration in tho case to tho mere matter cied 'security, and boasting of the impos-of getting tho garrison safely out of the Bibility of tho invasion of our shores by fort. the enemy, a fleet takes possession of! It was believed, however, that to so a Shio Island aud the sound, and cuts off ' bandon that position, under tho circum our communication with Mobile, while; stances, would bo utterly ruinous; that the another of the cneni.es ships blockades ' necessity under which it was to bo Uono . .. " another oi tue cnem.es ju.pB u.u u..y uuu.. v 8t by tho mouth of the Atcbafalaya Where is would not a nnUol nml wlir nri fhnv'mnnv it WOUlU he COUStrUBO a 8 a pan wl oui usciu k-umw-, ..-j -.- .-v permitted to lie idle when there s P'eh y, of opportunity lor tnem 10 exercise tnetr i..iir.j i u ti:i..- u rt . SKlll aUU UruvuiV UJ uitnuz a diuuii ina - party wuu iuc nut uiau wi iuv President's Message. r r . itlLow-CxUzcns of the Senate and House J -l"7"ca'.S, of! . . . DcSlnn,na of the present Fresi dential term, four months aio the func tions of tho Federal Government were found to be generally suspended within the several States of South Carolina,Geor- .... BW11(p JJU1),,lllBi ,u Florida, excepting only of tho Poat-Offioe ei),r-r,l,mc!' Ci . , , W ithin these States, all tho forts ar- sonals, dockyard., custom-houses and tho like, including the moveable and I sUlion - ary property m and about them had been this Government, exoeptinc only Forts auu uu,u 1U cu awiuy to Mini lH a MnMM m a vi. it 1 TTt . . ITL ..i. l - JLJt ? !m u ua.luu,1'. "u.lu aroua;-- 4 , , ' , . : uiuveu cDuumon. nen nnns nun nnrn niitir aea iorccs naa ceen organized, na were organizing, an avowedly with I the oamo hostile purpose. me lorts remaining in tbo possession of the Federal Government in and near these States were either besieged or men- J1 ITI- . . . aeea oy warnue preparations, ana especi- ally ort bumter was nearly surrounded by well protected hostile batteries with guns equal in quality to the best of its own, and outnumbering the latter as per haps ten to one. A disproportionate share of the Federal muskets and rifles had somehow found their way into those States, and had been seized to bo used a gainst the Government. Accumulations of the public revenue, lying within them, had been seized for the same object. Tho Navy was scatter ed in distant seas, leaving but a very small part of it within the immediate reach of the Government. Officers of the Federal army had re signed in great numbers, and of those re signing a large proportion had taken up arms against the Government. Simulta neously and in common with all this, tho purpose to sever the Federal Union was openly avowed. . . , In accordance with this purpose, an or dinance had been adopted in each of these States, declaring the Stalcs rcspec - tivcly to be separated from tho National Union. A formation for instituting a combined Government of those States had been promulgated, and in this illegaal or ganization, in the "Confederate Slates," was already invoking recognition, aid, and interventiou from foreign Powers. Finding this condition of things, and belieiog it to be an imperative duty up on tho incoming Executive to prevent, if possible, the consumation of such attempt to destroy the Federal Union, a choice of means to that end became indispensa ble. 1 bis choice was made, and declared in the inaugural address. The policy chosen looked to the exhaustion of all peaceful measures before a resort to any stronger ones. It sought only to hold the public places and property not already wrested from the Government, and to col lect the revenue, relying for the rest on time, discussion, and tho ballot box; it promised a continuance of tho mails, at Government expense, to the very poople who were resisting the Government, and it gave repeated pledges against any dis- j InrKqnnna tn o rur rv F flirv nnnnla or nnn nf . .:u. f -n .!.- JuzJu - -.,M-f m ? lx t AAnefihifinrtDno on? TilarifinVilw fin u , !,:., r,vnQ in such a case: everything was forborne, t without which it was belioved possible to , " - keep the Government on footf 8a,I;?t3 fof tho GcrnmCDt began the On the 5th of March, tho present in- 50nfhct of ar(D8, out & l&ht cumbent's first full day in office, a letter 10 expectanoj to return their fire save r xr- a4-,o f only the few in the fort sent to that har- from Major Anderson, commanding at t J , , - . . I? o L t, oo.u t -p k ' bor years before, for their own proteo- Fort Sumter, written on tho 28th of leb., ; . , t... ' : , r j j u w-- n-fm,f I tion, and still ready to give that proteo and received at tho War department on . , J . b. . T .u iw -u . v.of nrf tion in whatcver.was lawful. In this not, the 4th of March, was by that JUepart- 1 ,. .. . , , . , i j - i ; ' uia i discarding all else, they havo forced upon ment placed in his hands. , J. . ,r " rpk. i f 00 .i ,fca;r.i the country the distinct issue immediate I his letter cxpressos tho professional J , r .u-. k r,.fMn. .dissolution or blood. And this issue ea- mcnts could not be thrown into that fort .. . . - within the time for his relief, rendered necessary by the limited supply of pro visions, and with a view of holding po session of the same, with a force less than 20,000 good and well disciplined men. This opinion was concurred in by all tho officers of his command, and their memoranda on tho subject wore made in cisures of Major Anderson's letter. The whole was immediately laid before Lieutenant-General Scott, who at once concur od with Major Anderson in his opinion. On reflection, however, he took full time, consulting with other offioers, both of tho Army and the Navy, and at tho nl fV.il- tl orta flnmn rnlnntnnflu Kllf. llp- illM ui iuui "J " j cidedly to the same conclusion as before. Ho also stated, at the Bame time, tbat no such sufficient force was then at the con tro otthe uovern.ont or cou.u ora. ea and brought to the ground within the and brought to the ground time when provisions in the fort would be exhausted. In a purely military point of . . . , , :, , . ..,-, i j -- . . - ., a voluntary u, Qiaoou-o .- ...-- . , - Knirlnn its adversaries, and go far to in- em- ' m"- ... , j 1.1 the latter a recognition abroad; tbat,.' - - - - - in fact, it would be our national' destruc tion consummated. This coald'not be allowed. Starva tion was not yet upon the garrison, and ere it would be reached, fort Pickens might bo re-enforccd. This last would: be a clear indication of policy, and would , enable the country to accept the evacna' tion of Fort Sumte. as a military necea- sity. An order was at onoe directed t'o! be sent for the landing of the troops from the steamship Brooklyn into Fort Pick- but mu9ttake the longor and anrer routtf by sea. I The firt return newg from tho order wa3 recoivcd Just one weck bcfor(J th(J fl,r of Sumtor. Thfl neW9 tM,f was that ; 0fficerommanding the Sabine, to whfclf :vessel tbetroo?3bad been transferred front tbo Brooklyn, actio J ' C n( L'i, a,ikL j patched, had only too vauo and uncertain rumors t0 fix attention,had refused to land .i m , n . lDe iroop8. lonowreeniorce i4ort iricKens, beforo a crisis would be reached at F Fort t Sumter, was impossible, rendered so-bv the near exhaustion of near exhaustion of provisions in the ; latter-named Fort "I In precaution against such a conjunc ture the vjrovernment had a few days bo r fore comtneDced creDarinf? an ncd;linn. ns weii adanted a, hf. t(f roi: ' - 'J t -" w.w.W Fort Sumter, which expedition waa inten ded to be ultimately used or not, accord' ing to current circumstances. The stron gest anticipated case for using it was now presented, and it was resolved to send it forward, as bad been intended. In thi3 contingency it was alao resolved' to notify the Governor of South Carolina that he might expect an attempt would bo made to provision the fort, and that if the attempt should not be resisted, thoro would be no attempt to throw in men, arms, or ammunition, without further no tice, or in case of an attack upon the fort. This notice was accordingly given, where upon the fort was attacked and bombard ed to its fall, without even awaiting thtf arrival of the provisioning expedition. It is thus seen that tbo assault uponr and reduction of Fort Sumter, was in no senso a matter of self defense on the part of the assailants. Thev well knew that ' th0 garrison in tbo fort eonld W no t,0 j sibinty, commit aggression upon tbomj , they knew they were expressly notified that tho giving of bread to the few brave and hungry men cf the garrison was all which would on that occasion boattcmp- , ted, unless themselves, by resisting so , much, should provoke more. I They knew that this Goernment de sired to keep the garrison in the fort, not to assail them, but merely to maintain visible possession, and thus to preserve the Union from actual and immediate 1 dissolution, trusting as herein beforo sta ted, to timo, discussion and the ballot-box for final adjustment, and they assailed and reduced the fort, for precisoly ihe reverse object, to drivo out the visible au thority of the Federal Union and thus force it to immediate dissolution; that this , wa9 their object, the Executive well un derstood, and having said to them in tho Inaugural Address: "You can bave no- conflict without being yourselves the ag gressors." He took pains not only to keep this declaration good, but also to keep the case so far from ingenious sophistry as that the world should not misunderstand it. By the affair at I'ort Sumter, with its surrounding circumstances, tbat point , o f r hranpa morf than thn fntp of f hoso Itniforl States. It presents to the wbolo family of man thequestion whether a constitution al republic or democracy, a government of the pcoplo, by tbo same people oan or can not maintain it- territorial intogrity against its own domestic foes. It presents tho question whether discontented individuals too few in numbers to control tbo admin istration according to the organic law in any case, can always, upon the pretenses made in this case or any other pretensos, or arbitrarily without any pretense, break up their government, and thus practical ly put an end to "free gorernroent upon the earth. It forces us to ask, "Is there in all republics this inherent and fatal weakness!" Must a government of ne cessity be too strong for the liberties of its own peoplo, or two weak to maintain its own existence! So viewing the issue, no choice was loft but to call out tbo war power of "tho Government, and so to rsist the force employed for its destruction by force for its preservation. The call was made and tho rcsponso of tho country was most gratifying, surpassing in unanimity and spirit the most sanguine expectations. Yet none o! the States coma only called Slave States, except Delaware, gave a regiment through the regular State or- : ganatflon, A few regiments have been 80me others of those r- ArTmXL-. . Dtat5Stbv individual enterprise and re- Government service. UI (f oourne tho seceded State., do oalled , to which Texas had been joined' a- ana
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