lsbu
Li
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Slcuotcit to $olitks, literature, Agriculture, Sthntc, illoraiitj), .anir cncral SntcIHgcncc.
3TR0UDSBUKG, MONROE COUNTY, PA. OCTOBER is, JSCO.
? ' -- " I ' ' " ' ' "" "
jl " " - ""'-
Published by Theodore ScfcQChJaon'rt saws came into this country in 1859,
TEUMS.-Two dollars per annum in ndvancc-Two and uow maDJ thousands 0f dollars'
dollurs and a quarter, half yearly and if not paid bo worth that immense bouse alone iffiDOrt
,fore the end of the year, Two dollars and a half. , , - . ... 01.1-
No pnpcr.s discontinued until allarrcaraECsaicpaid, fid into tulS CltJ. Ur let him put the
uonuori I t0 those genuine specimens
one or three insertions, SI 00. Each additional inser, of American energy aud enterprise, Mes-
Ron, 25 cents. Longer ones in proportion. i . n-nu f. t?. 7 f .
-. - . L '- - sra. trook oc lrost, sow manufacturers, of
A OTGB PRStfTIffG. jyourowncity. Though it bo apart from
Having a general assortment of large, plain and or my subject, permit me to say, in passing,
Vi-itnnnt-il TVnn un nfn nrrn'irpil tn nXCCUle CVCrV de iLi : r l . .1 ! . .1 .
senption
.
;i'" - i
Cards, Circulars, Bill Heads, Notes. 11 lank Receipts,
- Justices. Lcg-d und otiier Blanks, Pamphlets- &;., prin
jted with neatness and despatch, on roasouublo terms;
at this ofStfe.
TH3 TARIFF.
Speecli of the Hon. Wm. D. Kelley,
OF PHILADELPHIA.
Delivered at the Republican Meeting, held ; ou9 proportions, of the richest and purest
at St. Louis, Mo., July 30, I860. !oro the eye of man has ever seen, impor
I take it, if you will agreo with me, d from foreign lands, in a singlo year,
that in raisin" and regulating its revenue, S107.702 worth of old iron and scrap i
"our government should 6x the duties up-1 n. But let roe return to the ad valorem
on various kinds of imported goods, and system.
not refer the question to foreign Govern-1 Under the protecting influence of the
nr fhnlr n-nnW n thrt nrpaonf. fr. tariff of 1842, the weHteru portion of
iff practically docs. Yet, plain as this
TM-nnnsitinn ia th d iatin ouUhed trentln-
man to whom I havo referred voted a- nerating business glass making. The ; National Treasury was overflowing; mon
jiainst the bill, whioh proposed to so a- Poor and hitherto unemployed people ey was plenty and interest low for tho
mend our law as to fix these duties speci-. iouuu cuuaui ouipiojmeutj giasa uuuseo uuuai uui? WUBU "a
fically. Can this not be made clear to were erected, and around them clustered ports. Wages were high; labor diversifi
Rl mindsl Our nresent tariff is on the populous villages. The mechanic and ar- ed for many new departments had been
ad valorem principle; that i, it names
ccrtain rates of duties to be paid upon
tho value of tho article imported, but
provides no means by which that value
can be ascertained. It leaves this prima-
ry and important fact to bo settled bv
the manufacturer or merchantman! taxes
upon them the value he inserts in the in-.
voice This lead- to fraud upon the rev -
enue and the people, false invoices, rating
roods at but from -20 to 50 per cent of their
value accompanying the larger part of ,
the imports of the country. The truth
of this assertion will be attested by every !
American merchant on our seaboard.- !
Let me illustrate- j
An American gentleman travelling in
Europe determines to purchase for him-
felf a of wines, and, going to one of'
the orrat houses, a?ks for their li.t. A '
card U placed in his hands, on which he'
finds the names of their various wines.
.L c ..:..
Lilt: ;iWU Ul lilLIii VlUtuL'V. UIJU uuvu,
it mav be, per dozen or gallon. All tbV
J . ' .. . .,
is very clear to Dim, except tne price, anu ,
Ul.it; UU UUU3 UIU niui-il i.iuvi.-
uv.,?S5rts h0 "Hn in
i u.. HJffnr. .
mean to say tliat you have these wines of'P" ueui-; fCL su,14Unuu,8,u,J .iu,u.m
the same untogc and age, with mch dif-, that it pay. to our Government not 3 per
fcrence in price? i'rav, what is the dif
ference in quality?" When the hrcwd
foreigner, undemanding our revenue
laws rather better than vour late fitting
xncmber, says to him. "Ah, Sir. I sec
t.. .... u,rrD nnt r,nfnr0 imnortnn- that
to regulate tho duty which your u0v-
ernment kindly permits us' to regulate.
TImj nnltiTT-.n nf hieTii nrices is that at
which we sell you the goods and receipt; necessarily cursory, it may tnrow a noou
but we will invoice them at the other, scof light upon the subject. At the break-
"lJ --- i - . i
filar votl wiil nave a l Lu usk uu uuiy iu
m.i yon m.i j
Asain, I mention a fact to which I am ! factories. But under tho influence of
permitted to refer: A gentleman wrote ! tbee wars, uith their embargo laws or
to his friend in Pari to learn the cost of ! der in council, the Berlin and Milan de
a suite of furniture of a certain style; and ! crces, we were forced to be our own pro
learning that it would be 5,000 franos. duccra. Factories, forges and furnaces
remitted the money, and requested bis were built mines wore opened the
friend to thip him tho furniture. By the' South foucd ber cotton could be manufac
Bteamer which brought it he received anjtured in the North the West found con
invoioe, in which, to hi surprise, it was,umers of hor produce in the growing
charged 1,250 francsl Upon this amouut towns of the East. Industry, in .every
he paid the duties and received his goods. part of thc land, found quick demand;
Wondering that his friend did not remit! with increasing rates of wages, money
him the diflerecce between the 5,000 and becamo abundant, interest was low, the
1250 francs, be wrote him, thanking him,' people prosperous1. But m 181G tho
,f Urin riA hnrl afiournd him. wars were closed. The necessities out of
and supte.stin that at his convenience
1U1 IUU " 7
he should return bun the d.vau irancs
difference. But what was his chagrim
when, by due course of steamer, he re
ceived a reply covering the Parisian up
o
holsterer s bill for the full amount or D,
000 frano?.-with the information that the'
invoice was but a fraudulent deuce, by
BDanuOneu u? every uiuci wmiiwu
i J 1 nirilifr.ri rn-
which he bad been made party to a fraud Ask your lathers and tuey can e,. you .. tQ ad. , undoued circulafcirjg medium, adc-
upon the revenue of his country, and an how foreign products flowed in upon us tho maohin(J lhfl wantg of aQ iQOreasi es.
injury to it, industry. ;-hcw our young factories were closed- panding, and prosperous people. Ours
This ad valorem sy.ctcra, ignored and the fires in our forges extingu shed-the P 8 j could not L all be theP money centre of tho
tion, has given the importing traao oi A- irom Tf"'
merica almost exclusively to foreign boa-1 flocked to the Vest to further produce
Bes and their agents, and annihilated the and depreciate the price of tbo raw ma-,
race of American merchant. There are terial. How, as sports increased, spe-
many kinds of silk and other Boods which'cie was exported, money became scarce,
an American cannot buy in Europe; the intere8t high, until, finally, ourlaboring
manufooturers referring them to their a-'people were without employment, our
gents in New-York, Hohat no man may Lnks in a state of suspension, our Gov-
9 . , i -, jf ..j . l rm.. jjn.Ai
be'abie tOKOOwnowueavny iueyucuU
i-i i 1 : : U ;n,)nefro i
Alt? f nvp rnillPI L UUU 1 111 1 1 C 1 1 LUU lUUUW.i r
vui Vvii-. r ' -
of oar country.
But again: a writer in your St. Louis which the Republicans of the House pas
Republican of tbe 29th inst, attempts to eed last sessiou, but which your then sit
defend Mr Barret's vote by pushing the ting member says he could not under
fact that in 1859 we imported but SI7,- stand. Under tho influence of the tariff
449 740 worth of iron and its manufao- of 1824, our people slowly rose from their
.tares. Ho gives, from the report of the prostration. As the amount of imports
Secretary of the Treaeury, a table setting decreased, so diminished the flow of Hpe
Xortb tbo amount of each article imported, cie from the country; workshops were a
of all kinds of saws but S2G.404 worth, gain occupied; tho spindle and tho loom
Why citizens of St. Louis, those figures began to move; the anvil sent forth its
purporting to represent all kinds of saws, cheering ring; the firo again glowed tn
laws, fail to represent ono-third the the furnace and the forge; commerce, be
amount of a single brand of saws impor- tween the North, tbeoutb, the Last and
ted in a eingle year, that of spear and West, again sprung up. And in lfcS a
Jackson's. There ib not a carpenter, further increase of tho tariff was made,
-cabinet-maker, or other who uses saws, This change woe, in my judgement, un
irbo will not readily believe the truth of wise, for it gave designing men a pretext
this assertion. And if among you there for striking a deadly blow at our lndus
is a man who doubts it, let him drop in- try. Still, it bad the effect of stunulat
to'the msgnificant etoro of Messrs. Child, ing home industry, increasing the wages
Pratt & Co., and learn of them how ia- of labor, diversifying the industry of tho
pj times $26,495 worth of Spoor & Jack- country, and adding to its general proa-
; article bo a citizen ot bt. .Louis, 1 won-
C3 I I
der that bo didn't rather trample umJer
foot than spread before the people,
through the coiumns of a leading news
paper, the official evidence that a people
whose laud, begiuing with New-Jersoy
at the seaboard, is underlaid with iron
and coal, until bore in Missouri, near your
own St. Louis, it stands out in mountain-
New-Jersey, with a soil light and sandy,
beoamc the seat of prosperous and remu- i
tisan.huUingemploymcntthere.swelled the
population of those towns, and the farmer,
finding a markot at hp door for the fruits
an(1 vegetables bis land would produce,
enjoyed a measuro of prosperity of which
he ba notdreamod. In many departments
of trade the foreign article was wholly
excluded, while home competition wrought
' natural effect, and gave to the consu-
mer of glas, a cheaper aud better arti-
cle. Under the influence of our present
ad valorem tariff, the scene is again chan-
ged. The fires no longer light the glaes-
work-; the workmen that gathered about
them aro scattered. With the destruc-
tion of tho trade that oalled tbem into
exi-tence, the villages are almost desert-
ed. The farmer again competes with
those in Ohio and the Great West, in tho
Pr,ce f V markets of tbo
world, while the banished laborers whoso
trade has been destroyed are thrown up-
ion the West to trv their hand at farm-
.
inS5 t0 tnvo wun you worKing men, in
rn far omnlntmnnl nf n timn ifhnn
. . mm
j , - ,
lOuusirs is a- uru:uaiu uc.-o us iuciu.
. ,,
The dutv on plate class is nominally 15
jofut uaiy. i uul u,a,uB uu
f St. Louis, tnat our Government should,
a- I have said specify what the duties
K not submit them to the con-
science or cupiaity of our foreign rivals?
And might not a lawyer, and even a
U'"""" - ' wuuS.w-D,
Uat let us loot at this question toiston
callv. Thouuh tbo view be ceneral and
.. r
. iuii vj u k ui luv. i n , - -" v s-
Lf.:r M w;.Kt TO.n.
WU1CU lUl?t UUjjpjf cuic VI lUIUO
were not withdrawn, and Government
furnishing no defence to our infant in
dustry against the accumulated capital,
machinery, and skill of the world, it was
prostrated and crunhed. Most of you
I l At.!. L.n r-1 r, t r, f fill flfTfl l7T C TTT
who bear mo were too young to romcm
fcer tno saa cnange wuicu iu pmL-e.
nrirn nt frrnm
f' w fc ,r , '
ernmenc oauhrupu xu.a uvp..,.-.
C it,:-- l.l iUn n.caana nf tho
niiilk ill 1,1 lllua IUU LU LUU uauutw w. vuw
isage ol the
unliko that
----- A i j
tariff of 1824 a law not
mat u tae pernio man woo Drcnarea tnac
1111 II I. I'll 1 11 1 1 U IILUUIVi . j, I
perity. But it was not adjusted to tho
revenue system of the country, and pro
duced a surplus in tbo Treasury.
$ow it was that tho South, under the
lead of John C. Calhoun, commenced its
war upon the free labor of the country.
Availing himself of tho pretext of the sur
plus in the .treasury, he sought not to re
vise or improve the Tariff, or to adapt it
to tho revenues or industry of the coun-! ing volume, the products of the South and tration of Abraham Lincoln, and by tho who can read history, and appreciate some
try, by enlarging the free list, by adding West, while the planter and the farmer vote of Francis B. Blair (applee), to bo of its les.-ons I a man whoso heart beats
to it those articles which enter into our were clothed with tho products of Amer- commercially united by the highway of in unisan with tho laborers of America,
manufacture, or those which, under the , ican industry, and their labors lightened tbo future commerco of the world, the Pa- and who will not prostrate them at the
influence of its protection, we had acquir-; and profits iuorcased by the ingenious ciGo Railroad. But to what use do jou feet of a foreign power, or a despotic oil
ed tbo iikill and the machinery to manu- implements invented and constructed by put your vast resources I Of what avail garchy I
facture so quickly and cheaply that they their countrymen. Four short years had is your iron mountain I It is true that This incidental Protection we Repub-
no longer needed defense against tbo as- oonverted tbo despair of millions into 'yoa export a few tons of it to Cincinnati Means of Pennsylvania believo to bo tho
saults of foroign competition. No; his gladness'ancl joy; and over the whole land annually, to be wrought into edge tools, pathway to Free Trade. We would,
aim was to overthrow the system, and : grateful hearts, gave thanks to God that for nothing else, I believe, but to brag a- therefore, enlarge as rapidly aa possible
then, as now", bis followers threatened . "the lines had fallen to them in pleasant bout it. (Laughter.) And well may you the free list ; lot it admit tea, coffee, and
disunion and secession if their demands . places." But working men of St. Louis boast of it, for it is Naturos's unequalled other articles whioh wo cannot produce,
were not cotED Med with. Gen. Jackson
settled that Question. fAnDlause.l But
tho North, yielding as she has always
J.
done, accepted what was termed a corn
premise the ad valorem system was the
principle of the Tariff of 1833.
Now, mark the condition of the coun-
try wbon that bill
became a law. Tbo
111. .1 1 Fa 1
aaaea to tne Dusmess oi ine couniry.--
The farmer and planter found good pn-
ses for their products, for tho consumers
were well paid and constantly employed,
Our commerce was then thriving, and we
had a i ace of Amerioan merchants. But,
lo! the change wrought by the ad valorem
system. I now appeal to yoor memories,
for there are many here who remember
1837 Under this now experiment of tho
ad valorem system, there was a rapid in-
crease in the importation of foreign goods,
accompanied by a rapid shipment of our
specie; money began to grow scarce; the
demand for it, and consequently the rate
of interest, to increase. Under this m-
flux of foreign goods, and this high rate
of mterest, one branch of industry after
another succumbed, until the workshop,
Jhe rulDe thc faotory; tbo ufore aDd tb
furnace were tcnaptle , the loom and
the spindle ,tood still. Unemployed la-
borers and broken business men Uocbcd
. .1 11 i I L I K l nwtsi
to iuu ivi auu u "f"-
latlOD. SUCh 8S OUr COUUtrV had HCVCr
. , nn
The price of
- Ill
grain, already low, was
ttill more de-
presseed; while laborers gathered in thou-
Band
ln our cities, the warehouses ot the
East were gorged with Western flour, for
which there was no demand until the
workingmen of New-York, ascribing their
sufferings to speculations in land and
food, broke into and sacked the flour
store of the city. There was not a sol
vent corporation in the country. Our
banks suspended-specie payments; stay
laws, to prevent tho collection of debts,
were passed in the State, and the Gene
ral Government, Treasury of which had
bo recently contained so largo a surplus,
, , , tt t j
was now bankrupt. Have I overdrawn
the picturo of our country from 1837 to
1841? Cries of "No; no " O, if tbero
be, under, the broad heavens, a sadder
sight than all others, it is that of abraw-
ny man, willing and eager to work, proud
of spirit and loving in heart, begging,
from day to day, the poor privilege of la-
boring, that, by his skill and industry, ho
may provide sheltor, raiment, and food
for the wife he has sworn to protect, and
the dear children in whom he lives again,
Sensation. And yet, then, as in 1857,
tho noonday's sun and the midnight stars
looked down upon millions of snob in this
land of ouru, teeming aa it docs with ev-
ery element of wealth and prosperity.
In 1857, was not the country started by
tbo daily reports of the doings of tho
thousands of unemployed laborers who
assemblod in New York and other Eastern
cities, from day to day, to devise the
means by wbioh, without open pauporism,
their- wives and little ones might bo ted I
lrtn
which there wa8 no demand; and that tho
, J e ,
& tQ tbe fore advcrsa
; J f0du8t and pro3fepcrity.
ea of our muustry and P'MPCV
let u.9 returD t0 841; "V"1.
ble depression Ti 1 w Las it to be
i longer be borne. Bat how was t to be
remedied? Was not this suffering tbe
nvnrtPd or
j v- . - -
reme(y calamities so wido-spread and
BCl Ol VJUU l
dire ? let us see; tnero was one ming
our Government could do; it could modi
fy the tariff by abandoning the advalorem
system, and establishing epecifio duties,
with a free trade list of raw materials.
This is it did, and gave tho country the
tariff of 1842. Now, mark tbo ohange 1
In 1840, wo produced 220,000 tuns of
iron, and under tho influenco of that tar
iff, wbioh went into effect about the first
of January, 1843, wo produoed, iu 1847,
760,0i)0 tuns of iron. Under tho Influ
ence of tbo Free Trade advalorem tariff
of 1833. from 1834 to 1842, our iron pro-
duct increased but 20.UUU tuns, wuue, as
I have already said, under tho specihe
duties of the tariff of 1842, between that
year and 1848 it ve'ry nearly quadrupled.
And in the same brief period the Ameri-
can consumption of cotion by ber manu-
, -
factorie was largely more than doubled.
The condition of
' Tn Phil nrl ol nhi n. t.hv did notask for al msi w liiln f,ha cold of California shall furnish
COUL1UUU iu wuuuiautuiu uwwua aw
Am n tin f r nf urn nAArl u t M I
ger that of 1837 and 1840. Oar people
were blessed, above all others, tho admi-
ration and envy of the world.t The mine
t again cave forth its wealth of coal and
; iron, sturdy labor fashioned us raw ma-
terial into machinery and articles of daily and power, more than twenty thousand Morrill bill because be is a lawyer, and
use. The productive power of the couu- miles of which have been subjected to cannot understand the subject of the tar
try increased with a rapidity unknown." navigation by Bteaui. Those ocean?, now iff. In the name ofoor common country,
i The North was consuming, with increas-
tho demacocues will tell vou that theso
, duties aro laid on for tho protection of
. . .. . ...
the manufacturer; aud that they add, in
so far, to'lhe price of everything you buy.
Now. if this were so I would maintain that
you had better pay 'a little more for the
. . . . .
thinps vou boucht. if steady employment
and good wages were guarateed to you, ; heaven has endowed her. But your city
than know the faot that such articles as is not now prosperous; your iron worka
you need aro cheap, but be unable to buy 'stand idle, or furnish but littlo employ
tbom because you have no work, and of nsent; money among the people is scarce,
course no wages. But such is not the wages low, interest high, and thousands
fact; protection leads to competition; ( of your people unemployed. Why does
competition leads to the exerciso of inge-mot free trade, if tho assertions of its
nuity, trained skill and economy in pro- j friends be true, work out its beneficent
duction; and our experience under every ; results in your midst? Under the tariff
Tariff has been the result of a just defense . of 1842, stagnation, such as you now cn
of American genius, energy and industry, j dure, was unknown; all interests proyper-
has been to cheapen the price of articles
upon whioh they arc employed. A little
while ago wo used clumsy English screws,
but, under tbo infiuenoe of the tariff of
1842, they are driven from our market,
and you buy at lower rates better articles
than England ever save vou of the kind.!
Under that Tariff, nails were protected, tectivo tariff, those ble&.Mnge which the
and you buy them now, of American free trade so falsely and delusively prom
make, better than the English article, and jisod us. Owing to the potato rot, and
of. nnt. mnpri mnrn frinn nun. hnlf whnr ithe dipcoverv of California sold, we did
they used to cost you. So of edge tools,
surgical instruments, and almost every i
ron article that enters into architectural
or building uses. So with the articles of
ladies' wear; while the peopld of their sis
ter States ar,e prosperous, able to consume
what they need, and pay for what they
consume, Tennsylvama, iNew-Jersey and : me couieac. xoey ea.niiu to iu
the manufacturing Statca Sf New-1 Palace not works of high art tho off
England, will be found abundanly able ; spring of old national existence or such
to compete with the cheapest countries in i costly jewels aa deck the royal or imperi
the world in producing those fabrics for al brow; but they filled their apartment
the production of which tho machinery j with machinery, and the products of the
and skill already exist. They may not i industry'and genius of a young people
ay
be able to make proaress. and embrace
new branches of industry, but, thanks to
the beneficent influence of thc Protective
Tariffs of 1828 and 1842, they ask but
the prosperity of their fellow-oitizens and
sister States to make them prosperous,
and enable them to go on in an advan
cing career of prosperity and political
povicr.
The tariff of '42 was supplanted by that
of '46. During tho intervening years, as I
have shown you, and shall more fully show
you, every intorest of the country pros-
pcred. Never was change made under
moro auspicious circumstances; and if
there is virtue in ad valorem free trade,
then ought the career of our country from
1846 to 1860, to be one of unexampled
growth and prosperity, for in 1846 the
potato rot created an extraordinary
demand for the products of our fields,
nod added enormously to tho wealth
and power of the country by forced
immigration. Shortly after this, too,
California began to yield her golden
treasures. Now begins said the free tra-
der, tho great era of American prosperity
and progress. Our trade is free and un-
shackled. The fiolds of Ireland make no
return for the labors of hor peasants. The
, seeds they plant perish. England and
Europe suffer with tbem, and America
' mutt feed the world. Our grain and our
cotton shall mako tho world tributary to
us, and give us all her best products;
world, and tho white sails of our commerce
shall shadow every sea. Have these
prophecies been fullfill'ed, men of St. Lou
is ? No. Aro you prosperous now ?
No, no. Is labor plenty and wages
high ? No. Is money plenty, and in
terest low ? (No.) Has land increased
in valuo, and the price of farm products
gone up? (Cries of "No.") If this bo
so with you, bow must it bo with the rest
of tho country ? I love my native Stoto
of Pennsylvania with all the devotion of
a proud and loyal son. I" never clamber
her mountains, or pass a day in ber pas
toral vallovH. I never course or cross ber
- V. 1 . : AtnlamnlnfD linr nnrinnl.'Mn Amnrinan Steamers Hail HOW tO Eu-
turai or mineral weimu, tut x uu uuu. rop, -u (vuu' Z n"n
prouder that I am her son. Yet men ofjto foreign merchants. While our manu -
Missouri, when I look upon the map of factures aro paralyzed, as is our com-
my country, or of tbo world, and osk my-;morce, how is it with the farmer ? Un-
self whether there is upon tho whole earth : der the tariff of '42 grain was in demand
Kioto- K"inodnm or Gmnire that in tbo , and prices steady: but, as your price cur-
far future shall equal her, I find but one
r r . . ,
your own beloved Missouri.
mi . .1 T)..n.n!nonin nrrmil nf
mere siauua iruuu-j. r .
hor rating .to . upon .Uo
t - , . ..h n ttt n f n r a nt 1 11 a
! great lanes, ido ""'J--- nf , hn no
Chesapeake, T
, ble tributaries of be !
laves your shores ; bat even mor .proud
than hers is more centra pos
lou 10 miaway Deiwu tu uu
'.As Pennsylvania is underlaid with coal,
iron, and zinc your land teems with coal
iron and lead, and the river that boundsr
your city oarriea to the gulf the waters of
fifty odd thousand miles of water course
distant, arc, I trust, under the admiois
gut to your city ana uer sons. .na in
the wide world thero is not a city that
, 1 Til . L .
snouia grow moro rapiaiy, or do more
' prosperous than St. Louis, or render her
labortn? population moro prosperous and
happy, would he but assert her right to
- i r t .t i., -.1 . - .
avail ncrseii oi tne weaun who wnicn
ea. i nave airoaay snown you now rap-
idly thc produot of iron and the consump
tion of cotton by American manufactories
increased. The farmer found ready mar
kets and good prices commerce sprang
up we built steamers and cupper ships,
and seemed to be realizing, under a pro-
not feel the disastrous effects of the ohange
until a few years after it was made. Let
us look at our condition in 1851. Eng
land in that year invited the industry and
genius of the world to exhibit their best
nroduets in honorable competition. The
j men of America entered cheerfully into
r
nd, though I unch craoked many a joke
at their expense, and even tho dignified
Times sneered at tho specimens speak
ing of them a3 things peculiar to Ameri
ca being of tbe half-horse, half alligator
and snapping-turtle speeches (laughter)
many trials of skill took place about
that time. Colt's revolvers established
themselves in the favor of tbe world.
Hobbs picked the locks of all nations, but
uo man of any nation could pick the locks
of Hobbs. Tho annual raco of the B,oy
al Yacht Club of England came off. and,
acting in the spirit of tbe broadcet hospi
tality, the club permitted an .American
boat to enter the list. The raco, in view
of the commercial and naval character of
England, was a matter of national solici
tude. The Queen herself bestowed upon
it her patronage and presence. The-telegraph
was brought into special requisi
tion to announce to all England, at tho
earliest moment, tho victor's name. The
wind is fuir, and the boats are away; her
Majesty, anxious to know tbo result, in
quires who ia ahead, and gets for answer,
"The America." "Who next !" says she,
"Nobody 1" says tho telegraph. (Laugh
ter and cheers.) Our little, "low black
schooner" had distanced the fleet. Short
ly after this event, the agricultural imple
ments were tested those of France, Ger
many, and England with our own. And
the result was announced by tho distin
guished nobloman who presided over the
repaBt that followed the trial of skill, a
warding to our genius the palm, saying
that henceforth "tho mind of America
mu.ht reap tbe fields of England." At
that time every sea was whitened by tho
sails of our dipper ships, and our trans
atlantic steamers rivaled the best of tho
world. The Sliipmnn Gazette, of Liver-
, , . , , . . . . j .j
pool, admonished implored, conjured tbo
merchants of England to copy our models,
telling them that American Clippers wero
carrying goods from Canton to London
at advanced rates, and America wasdis-
puting with them the-commercial suprom-
.
acy of tho world.
Whero now are oar steamers and olip-per-shipa
? Alas, that Freo Trade which
was to have built up our commerce has
blasted it. The ship-builders of the At
lantic coast havo been idle tor years.
Bold
' .. . ! .
rent for tho last day of the last year tells
mo. tbero was no foreign demand lor
grain in 185U. Freo Trade has done its
i , ,, . , . , S7
, , " " , 837
I and 1840 The Ohio Life and Trust
S " the Pennsylvania Bank, and
failed in 157;
f othej : eorP ' nded spo.
passed-
nmi (It I 1(1 rtiLUIUM ua w "
,;'"q nf; to'ffns and Sutos wero
.
j bankrupt, and our Government, which
' four years ago had an average surplus of
S-0,000,000," has incurred a debt of near-
ly $80, 000,01)0. And yet Mr. Blair'a
competitor tolls you he voted against the
I implore you to elect to Congress a man
uui upon wmuu uuuea aro iaiu, ucuei u
ad valorem system, free of duty.
In this
f 11
iree n wo woum u.au Fui, uu
raw mate-
! rials not produoed in the oountry, but
wnicn enter into oar maouiaciures. inia
is thepolicy of France, England, Belgium,
! Jl TTT I . . I
auu uL-rmaiiy. n uawvei iuuy
cannot
produce, that enters into their
manufac
tures, is welcomed free of duty.
Tbu England ad-nits our grain, be
cauce oheap food is essential to choap la
bor. Take as an illustration the matter of
indigo; competing nations ad ait it free,
but we tax it almost as heavily as manu
factured gooda. Take it, agliin, in tho
matter of glaas, of which I have spoken;
it was, with the exception of one ingredi
ent, wholly an American produot. Tho
laborers who made it consumed the pro
duct of thc American farm. The coal
and iron used were the products of other
consumers of American grain. The sand
and other elements, save alkali, of which
it was mado, lay thickly strewn around
by Nature'" hand. Bat under our adva
lorem tariff, as if to benefit the foreign
producer, alkali is heavily taxed. Thus
I might give you a wide range of articles,
showing that our present system discrim
inates, at least relatively with other na
tions, not for, but against our home in
dustry. Under tbe last thirteen years of free
trado, the production of American iron,
in which you and we are so deeply inter
ested, has not increased ; it is not greater
now than it was in 1846, if it is a8 great.
Then the railroad consumption of iron
was very slight noio that consumption ia
immense; but it dees not increase tbe to
tal product. Had the tariff of 1842 been
maintained, the demand for iron would
have grown, and St. Louis would to-day
have been producing half a million tuna,
and this city been growing faster than
any of her siter cities. I see it suggest
od in some of your city papers that what
St. Loui.s needs is the establishment of a
manufactory for the general assortment
of first-class agricultural implements.
But suppose you bad it; tho demand for
such things has fallen off, and it would
fail for tbe want of a market for its pro
ducts. Let me givo you tho suggestions
of experience on tho subject, a? I tako
them from the letter of I. P. Morris &
Co, of that city to the Board of Trade of
Philadelphia, in answer to interrogato
ries propounded by that Board.
"Among the great manufacturing interests
of this country, our particular branch has
been rather of a secondary character, mainly
depending for its success on the prosperity of
other branches of industry, to which we may
be said to have furnished the sinews of
strength.
'The demand for motive power prior to
1S30, was, compared to that of recent time,
a very small matter. The machinery then
constructed was rude, and the power requir
ed very limited. As, for instance, a drying,
printing, and bleaching establishment on
Broad street, near Race, was driven by two
oxen, which we replaced by a six horse en
gine. The tariff of 182S gave an extraordi
nary stimulus to manufacturing industry.
At that time we had neither men nor tools lo
do the work, and the demand for operatives
was so groat that numbers of foreigners were
induced to cross thc Atlantic to fill the re
quirements of our shops.
"The unprepared stale of the country suc
cessfully to roanufacture.created the necessity
of a modification of the Tariff of 1S2S' The
change then made produced effects so differ
ent that there was an actual decline in the
demand from our customers, the manufac
tures, till, in 1842 it reached the extreme lim-
j of depression, so that in this and the sue-
i ct'uumjr year we nuu suttiuL-au uiufi iui new
! worfc . r s 1S44flhere wasmore
j activjly and orders for work cam upon us;
a more healthy action followed, the effects
, 0f which were felt nil over the country,
j "First a class of manufacturers was crea-
i ted; these consumed coal and iron, creating
tnrl nrvi n A rlinpft nn m a tT art f f rial
a demand lor inese primary articles; tneir
existence in the interior capital to davelop
them. Railroads, with their attendant ma
chinery, became necessary; coal-mines were
to be opened; steam engines for pumping and
winding were required. This kept, for a
time, our shops in active operation; and tho
constant employment ol latior.and circulation
of money, produced general prosperity.
. "The discovery of the means to produce
; uge Jf anlhraclte coal; Pcrenletl
anotlr da8S of customcrs. These required
ma(.,jliary 0f the most massive character. A
Jar;,e companyiad their first blowing ma-
chme built in EnIand.. The construction of
these machines has since formed one of the
main supports for our machine shops.-
"Our means to provide such machinery
soon equalled and kept pace with the demand;
no one now thinks of going across the Atlan
tic for machinery.
"Our own und similar establishments arc
placed at this time on hut is apparency a
permanent basis, havingvar c&paetty. ion any
reasonable nfqntfeineiits of the country.
We havo knowledge, we have experience,
1 we have eapwfoos shop, w IarrtttW,;cap-
" -:-x