imVi . mi. , , ; ; . :
f
la - ,v :
Scuotcir to toiiiirs, f tteratm, griatlturc, Science," iHoralilu, emit ntcral Intelligence.-
i rt.ft
1Z-H
VOL 18.
STROUDSBURG, MONROE COUNTY, PA. SEPTEMBER SO, 1S58.
It
NO? 41.
PllbIished by TllCOdorC Schoch!is a confluence of many currents, each one
. TERMS. Two dollars per annum in advance Two bringing With it Something from the Soil
1r?:"n,Tn..r' l,ayeTl?;'n.Vti,raidbc"
'lore llie end of tlie year, Two dollars and a lutlf.
t , No papers discontinued until all arrearages arc paid,
except at the upiionof the Editor.
"nAd -
nc or three insertions, $ i oo. tach additional mser -
ion. 25 cents. Longer ones in proportion.
- -
iOli i Still T1JXG.
tion lines) or less,
Having a general assortment of large, plain and or- the roaring loom of life is for a mdment
wriS oT?Te, nC arC PrCp:,rwi 10 CXCCUtC evcry de"isti!l.
TP 'VWif T'ITINT'TjrNT.
:ards "bircuiar? itiu Heads Notes ciank ncccmis
justice. Legal and other yianks, I'anipiiir.u.-. j fee, pi in-
t tin office.
"m--'." "rii1?
THE BLOOD.
0, , ,T , T
tains a paper upon the life curreut of the
D .
numinsjMem, eniLoajmg many lacw,
ti r
-which, however familiar to anthropolo
. istn, may be instructive to the common
. taind. Wo quote some of the most inter
Btmg statement, made by the author of
the contribution m question :
m "lhe blood is described as a torrent
,nipuiuouS,y rusuuig lUroug vy I"".
of the body, earned by an elaborate net-
iroric 01 vcsjc.s, wmcn, it, tne course OI
twelve months convey to the various
sues not less than three thousand pounds
wcictitoi numcive material, anu convey
from the various tissues not less than ,
3,000 pounds waste. At every moment of:
our lives mere are neanjicu pounuaui iut3 t,rcdj aud after a slcep of e,gi,t hour3 bj
fluid rushing in one continuous, throbbing SUIlsijnej wakea up as tired as ever.
aircam, from thc heart through the great jr.Jis ,lepp at jast broken and irregular;
arterie.-, wrhii-h Ironch and branch, liko 1 jie substitutes a number of short naps,
a tree, thc vessels beeoaMtig smaller, as distributed through and finally gets into
they are subdivided, till they are invisi-'a j.atcof funeral uneasiness and discom
ble to the naked eje, and then tl ey arc fort- llamerfest merchant, who has
called capilaiics (hair-like vessels.) aj-; :madc fr0q,icut voyages to Spitzbcrgen,
though they are no more tobecompared in t0)j me (jiat jn aaj'tu.Jc of 80 degrees
cilibra with hairs than hair-are with callc-. , i,e Iievcr kuew certainly whether it was
The?e vessels form a network finer than day 0r uiht, ami the cook was thc only
thc (inert lace so fine indeed, that if we ; vsou on hourd who could tell him.
pierce the surface at almost auy part, At first the nocturnal sunshine strikes
. i j.r.i.:.
with the point of a needle, v.e open one ot you as bc;n wonderfuily convenient! jou
them and let out its blood. In these ves-jiose nothing of the scenery; you can read
scls thc blood yields some of its nutri-,aud W1.:te a3 U3Uaj. vou nUVer need be in
cnt material, aud receives in exchange ja hurry, because there is time enough for
some of the wasted products of tissue. - !CVcry thing. It is not necessary to do
Thus modified, thc stream continues its y0ur day's work iu daytime for no night
rapid coursicbackward tothe heart through jcometh. You are never belated! some
a system of vein, which commence in jwhat of the stress of life is lifted off your
myriad capilaries that form the tormina- shoulders But, after a time, you would
tion of arteries. The veins, iustead of be glad of an excuse to stop seeing and
subsiding like the arteries, become grad-i 0bser;in2 and thinking, and even enjoy
ually less numerous, their twiggs entering ! D
branches, and thc branches trunks, till! There is no compulsive rest, such as
they reach the heart. No sooner has the darkness bringsno sweet isolation,
blood poured into tho heart from the which is the best refreshment of sleen.
veins, then it rushes through the lungs,; y0u lie down in broad day, and the sum
.and from them back agaiu to the heart! mons ar6e attends on the re-openin of
and arteries, and thus completing the cir-
cle or circulation.
This wonderous stream, ceaselessly cir
culating, occupies thc very centre of vital i
organism, midway between the function)
of nutrition and thc functions of exertion,
feeding aud stimulating tlie organs into
aetitity and removing from them all their
useless material. In its torrents upward
of forty different substances aro carried
along; it carries gase. n tun u eveu(j,
carries metals and soaps. iUiinons oi
organized cells uoat m its uquin; auu oi
the cells, which by some are said to die
-at every pulse of the heart, to be replaced
by other millions. Thc irou which it
washes onward can bo separated. Pro
fessor Uerrard used to exhibit a lump of
rit in hi lecture room, nay, one ingeuious
Frenchman has suggested that veins
.should be struck from the metal extracted
from the blood of great men. Let no one
auggcttbatwe ould wash ourhands with
J"ets
the soap extiactcd from a similar source, i
' The blood instead of being red is of a
jciiowt-ii rcu coior, anu nan, iu hoiuuou, : gcr! Let the patrolling sun go off his
many "floating solids," known as blood bcat awuile; ad show a little confidence
discs and corpuscles, ihese were first in roy ability to behave properly, rather
discovered iu 153, but tho first acuratc; tbarj worrv mc w:th this sleenless vii-
knowledge of them dates from 1G73, and'jaDce
u due to Lcwenburg. lhe corpuscles
arc not nutnerousin healthy human blood,
and play but a secondary part uuless they
are the ago of thc red disca.
Thc constituents of tho blood arc sta
ted to be water 764 parts out of a thous-l
e
nd albumen 70 and fibrine 2.20. The
imainiu- elements chiefly fat, contain -
ttm
itg phosphorous, iron, wi
th various other'
if no two men is !
lUbstanccs.
trccisely aiinilar in disease to what it ia, Ul P-"i5 'cuwlB
iu health, or at different epochs of life- thlB ?lcasaDt. f long continued d,s
The iron which circulates in the veins of'cfse. 1S n?w prevalent m various parts of
tho eabfydis aiorc abundant than the ; the country, you won Id, u ndoub e dly, bo
i" 5 eu- ,nntunr. .i acting m the capacity of a public bene-
auantitv declines after birth, to augment ,
iain at puberty. The fats vary in dif-
ferentindividual3froml.4to3 3inl,000,
Tfee cells vary with the varying health.-,
The albumen fluctuates from 60 to 70
i mm .t. wnnr,f.
Prw iu.4 r, tu F4Ur'1 ".""b fa
er daring aice
rin" dicestion. The bbrinc, usually
rise to n, or fall as low as 1. '
. i . o : i nun
rise iu 4 5, ur iui i no iuw us
Vni- . i i- f ii Ai:
. iThew are two descriptions of blood in
iiroalatton w every human bemg-ven-
dark purple, and latter bright scarlet. ;
w'-nAiifniia KinnJ hn ot,., into ti.n '
arteries 20W to the brain, it produces
fttneese and death, Yet arterial blood
tfcg:injcted will revive an animal suffer-
inp.from loss of blood. Uetweeu tne two
f5- thorofore. a profound diilerence
. . .
feststs: ..and yet the ve
nr.M.c h nnW his nn v
- . .
wuvsuo myvw " j
rejet. Ko.trspthivcno'us bloodi iThat
.Toic iKfnrioh t.hn unrrs in an atmosnbere uanasomeiv aesie
& .baani1 with nnrnnir. and rounded with thc words "United States
rT- kJLrta r.nMfnrm,.t infn a mi. of America. 1858 and on the other an for a judicious , and
.ftRMup . T . , . ,d lradon Qf tb0 Govern
frUrS bfood is evywherethesame; surmounting the wordsf ono cent." This ed by imposition of
MATillU somewhat thicker than, tho other, them, such d.scnmi
!"l??lrJWVTiu? I,: l . oanMr d,V and is in mav rosnects SHOULD BE GIVEN AS
into'sma ler streams, oucaiwaya u n,u u-.v .v. j -r. Tr, np iM'ff-'T,
ia.ita!aiiaHtiriIl5as id its; largest- cut- s uviuku iuijv,v.-.
in which am", the streams issuing out
, e ' . o
Of nervous centres, the blood which hur-
, j . f , y m,in TOnotrt nc fi,
The waste of the
. w . " v. mv, UUv
; organs has to bo carried bv tho vessels
j " ... J .
of the organ;'. Wondcrously does the
j complex machino work its many purposes:
lhe aount ot blood m tuo uuman
'rame is variouslystatcd. If wo say ten
pounds for an adult healthy man, wo shall
probably be as near the mark as possible.
probably be as near the mark as possible.
i The quantity, however, necessarily varies
la differcut persons, aud seems, from somo
, calculations to be greater than in men.
In fll spill lf nunritlf.0 ic nnnrmnns nK
' - tl A , ,, . , ' .
pwjuiiit iuuu wk u a vbiii uuiwaioi iuuu iu
rtficcinrv flif r f 1 1 ntlmr nntntnld m r - C -i
- , , r
Perpetual Sunshine.
Bayard Taylor, who lautaummer made
ujouruoJ t0 thc North Cape, writes from
Hanimcrfe-t, Finmark. hi, impressions of
tC coolinuolM polar daylight of tho Arc-
t,0 latitudes, from which we extract the
foowing! n
j am J-rcd of tbis unemling dajligbt,
tis-taud woujd wiIlin Iy OXcbango the pomp
of thc Anie midni ht for thp slarlight
dartnesj, nf ilf)mn
Wo are confused by
the los of nii.Lt. wc lose tho perception
of time qu jg never eepy but gjpiy
. . . r j
lecp.
your cves
I never went below and saw
I n
my fellow passengers asleep all around
me without a sudden feeling ' that some-
thiUr waj wron.f. that thev were drued
or uudcr eornG unnatural influence, that
thCy tUus slept so fast while tho sunshine
Streamed in throuah the portholes.
There are some advantages of this
Aorlhern summer which have presontcd
themselves to me in rather a grotesque
bt. Think what an aid of shelter U
removed from crime, how
many vices
which can only flourish in the deceptive
atmospheres of night must be checked by
the sober reality of duylight! No assassin
can dog thc steps of his victim; no bur
glar can work in sunshine; no guilty lov
ers can hold solemn interviews by moon
light all concealment ii romoved, for tho
sun, like the eye of God, sees everything,
hoW :n(flcd. :r tliev oan bt.ar h;, j
mm Lilt: nuui t:Li v luua u iiih i i imiim. uh
Morau as well as phvsicallv there is
audi any, us muii u.i jjuysicu
safety jn jjgf,t arjd (aUger jn
arjd et me tbo darknes
- a v i
ar 'ness j
vet fivc mc tuo uaruness ana aan-1
jn0i.i, uj "uu a,D"v" " ,
Hooping-Cough.
The following receipt is an effectual ',
remedy for tho hooping-couh. It was
I . . j . .i - e .i i TirMi;
nanac lo u ? 3 g uaJ J '.'"aui ,
'ipuM:tl uu uaa unuu iuiu u.o
1 milJ Vth astouhing success. He soys
"ueu ,w ia BUIU'"!',:u jiuponjf, ui iu i
accordance with the directions, it never j
iac"r.DJ BIV" S PV "TT i
e w. 1 " llua"3 Yfr uaIls '
j y " - " '
of ha!f ff tbe ter is evaporated,
lr31D be mature, and add two or three
cups of whito Bugar; boil again, until it
kp.nnmcs somewhat like a svrun: then add
. , " .. . J ,7' . ,
iu cwvtta v. w
thirty drops of Laudanum For children, ;
, . , r . . 1 ,
a small teaspoonful must be given throe
b
d Jon Baihj Tim T
"T
The Hew Cent.
We have seen one of tho new pennies,
cast at tbe United States Mint, thc issue
of which it has been proposed to the gov-
It is a decided,
ernmeut to autuorize.
. . f a i i ij
improvement over the otticr "niCKCi.
t . . i i t n ..
In n nrft nt "that tiff V LITU. wetuuvu u
.... . w - - a J "
ned Indian head, , sur-
bird's nctt.
How to Make Good Cider.
There is hardly a tiiho of cider made
now that was made forty years ago.
Many of the old orchards have died out,
ntwi fu fpmnornnnA rfifnrmn h.ivp. preven
, v..w v....-. . - r
ted their renewal. The market for fino
. . , . , , ,
fruits has greatly expanded, and nearly
all the trees now planted are for the pro-
duction of market apples.
j It took eight bushels of apples to make
a barrel ot cider, and tne barrel soiu tor
only one dollar. Apples now bring eve-
ry year from Gfty cepts to one dollar a
bushel, irmt growers can hardly be ex.
bushel. Fruit growers can hardly be ex-
pected to lament the ohange that is so
much for their pecuniary interest.
, Yet cider is still made all over the
nnnntrn in urn nil rllntir.ins. fifirr.ft tor tne
' nr.n1n Kiittnr cnma trifirtrrHf nnf
, , i Ai - ' j :n
still
, uyuiu uuhuu uuujw ivi iuw&iu
f hftVflra(Tl. Whnn bottled and
properly handled it is as palatablo and
! muoh more wholesome than most of the
( wines of commerce. In affections of the
kidneys it is an excellent remedy, and
should have a place in every well-appoin-
ted cellar. It is a matter of some im-
portauce that what cider is made should
i e mado in tbo bcst mBnIier.
" The apples should be well ripened,
' Dot in the least decayed. Every ai
. with tue leMt 8peck J0f rot in jt sb.
but
pple
dgck ot roc in it suouiq
i it
be removed if you wish a first rate bev-
erago. The decayed and inferior apples
may bo reserved for making vinegar.
Perfect oleaulines should be"observed in
the grinding process, which should be per
formed two days before pressing, and the
pomace be permitted to stand and mellow
in thc vat until it assumes a deep red col
or. Clean dry straw should he used in
forming the cheese. If the straw be mus
ty thc flavor will make it hard and un
pleasant to tho taste. The oasks, also,
into which it is put for fermentation,
should be thoroughly cleansed and finish
ed off with a fumigation of brimstone.
This U done by buruiug inside the barrel
a few stiips of canvass dipped in melted
brimstone. The fumes will penetrate all
the pores and destroy the must and cor
rect the sourness.
After the fermentation is over draw off
into clean barrels and clarify it- This
can bo done by mixing a quart of clean
white sand with the whites of half a do
zen eggs and a pint of mustard seed, and
and pouring it into a barrel. It may
stand in thc barrel, or, if a nice article is
wanted, it should be put into quart bot
tles and corked.
This cider will be fit to drink in case
of sickness, and will always boar a good
price in market. It retails at twenty
five cents a bottle, and would bring
at least two dollars a dozon by the
quantity. This is much better business
than to makea poor article from decayed
apples in a slovenly mauner and sell it
for two dollars a barrel. American Ag
riculturist. It is a consistent deduction from
the abandonment of the accepted doctrine
of Democracy, and tho wanton breaking
of as solcmu a covenant as ever was en
tered into between the people and their
servants, that thc Administration of the
Federal Government should be henceforth
regarded as the Democratic party. This
is the new ritual, as explained and insis
ted upon by the Washington U?iiont and
the slaves that walk in its shadow. The
PreVideut and his Cabinet, the Adminis
tration aud its policy these aro our new
t m i i - .
otai,,Dinties. lo obey anu worsmp tUese
" " .A'
iiiri:iiui' itmiii tiiiii ti i:i u u r l lit i inu m
jow we do not intend to insinuate that
,i . . ,
f in Adniiinsrrfltimi enn m;ikn anv nnstnUns.
Hoavcn forfeud ! We are free to accept
its utterances as inspired wisdom "as
apples of gold set iu pictures of silver."
We are ready to believe that all the eight
people in Washington, President and
Cabiuct, arc immaculate goods; that they
are better than creeds, higher than con
ventions, and more potent than pledges.
But our difficulty is here: How is the
.- . .
L'cmocraiic party to get on in tuo event
oi lucre ueiug uo ucmoorauo autuinistra-
tion of the Federal Government! Plat-
iorui goue, pieuges utoeco, party ooaieu,
President aud Cabinet replaeed, who then
snail lead ana think lor tbo party 7
Keep it before the People.
Here in certain sections of Pennsylva
nia, where tho people are known to be in
favor of a Protective Tarriff, tho demo
cratic leaders arc trying the old game of
deception, by pretending to favor a Pro-
tectivo Taiff aod maki tbe 1(J bc.
lievo thoi is a Tarriff part "M al.
most nVfir i-)fimofirnt;c inncMna tlm (Itn.
"... . "I V, '. . . " V,":V. 1
uikkati rjjAxuufli io ucaruiy ouaorseu.
JNow, let it be Uept prominently bctore tbo
people that the Ciucilinati Platform con
- -1- - -1 - --- -
fu fninw;n Tnnfnn-
tains the flowing resolution.
Resolved, lbat . the time has
World, and by solemu manifestations to
pace tbeir morai jnfluenci
tbcjr successful example.
nojnDaro wUh tbea bovo. tho folW.nJTkootas Jefferson was ohairmtfn. JUr
i 1 n
rMftiI.inn unanimous! n.Wp.d hv tlUU(i,JsUU "F'.ulcTl" J
j 1 j
1 .). n: rj i
People'e Convention at Harrisburg:
Resolved, That the revenue necessary
economical adminis-
mcnt should berais-lyear
duties,, and in laying
nating Protection'
riLL "Secure THE
A.BOR and American
I Villi l II. S
The Hud Sill Speech.
Senator Hammond, of South Carolina,
says the Reading Journal, belongs to the
School of Free Trade politicians, of which
the Hon. J. Glancy Jones has already
been a consistent member. Tho Senator
hoots at the idea of protecting the labor
of this country, bis object being, by a
system of low duties, to degrade North-
pm Inhnr tn f h n lnwnaf crn nrlorrl c r no
to place it on a par witn the slave labor
of the South. The worthy Senator, in
the course of a speech made in the last
Congress, paid the following left-banded
compliment to Northern workingmen.
Mr. Jones, it is evident from his course
in Congress, and his steadfast refusal
to vote for sustaining Northern interests,
holds the same opinions, though it will
not do for him to give them utterance.
Senator Hammond, in tho course of his
remarks, said:
uIn all social systems there must he a
class to do tie mean duties, to perform tlic
drudgery of life that is, a class requir
ing but a low order of intellect, and but lit
tle skill. Its requisites are vigor, docility,
fidelity. Such a class you must have, or
you would not have that other class which
leads to progress, refinement and civiliza
tion. "It constitutes the very MUD
SILLS of society and of political govern
ment; and you might as well attempt to
build a house in the air as to build either
the ono or the other except on the Mud
Sills." Fortunately for the South, she
found a race adapted to that purpose, to
her laud. We use them for the purpose
and call them SLAVES.
H
"The man who lives by daily labor,
and who has to put out his labor in the
market and tako tho best he can get for
it, in short your whole class of the manu
al laborers and operatives of tho North
aro SLA.VJES. The difference be- i
tween us is that our slaves are hired
for life, and well compensated; while
YOUR SLAVES are hired by the day, not
oared for, and scantily compensated.
uur slaves are biacK, or anoth
er and inferior race.
Tour ,
slaves are white, of your own race:
you
are brothers of one blood.
SPEECH OF HOff. JOHN C. KNOX.
Delivered at Cochranville, at four o'clock,
Wednesday afternoon, Sept. 15th 1858. ,
On making hisappearance, Judge Knox
was greeted with hearty applause. He i
said :
Fellow-Citizens: It is some years 1
since I have addressed a meeting on po
litical topics, but I rejoice that I am ablo
here this day to speak in behalf of a great
principle in favor of one of its noblest ad
vocates. Applause. If thi3 were mere
ly a local contest, or tho issue were sim
ply a personal one, I should not, as I am
not a resident of this congressional dis
trict, have deemed it proper to take any 1
part in it. But the issue is not a local or ,
a personal one. The principle involved
is as broad as humanity itself, and the
fame and reputation of your candidato
for Congress, John Hickman, is dear to .
overy true hearted Pennsylvania. A deep .
interest is felt everywhere in his success. !
Those who havo watched bis course in j
Congress are satisfied that ho is an honest, j
honorable, and intrepid public servant, j
that he stands up for tho rights of the
people, regardless of consequences; and
this being so, as men desirous of doing
their full duty, it is for you of this Con
gressional district to stand by him. Ap
plause. The question that has occupied mora
of the public attentiou, for the past few
yoars, than any other, perhaps, is that
which by tbo llepublicans is called tbe sla
very question; by thc Lecouiptonites, thc
"settled question;'' but which I choose to
treat as tho Territorial question. It is a
question of vast importance to thc people
of this country. It is not a new question
but is older than tho Government "as
ancient as free government itself." It
attracted the attention of the Congress of
tho United States before the formation of
the Constitution. At thc time of tho
Revolution thcro was a large body of un
settled lands claimed by several of tho
States. It was alleged by the State that
although these lands were not within j
their boundaries, yet they were included
in their charters. They claimed to have
succcded to the rights of the crown. On
the other hand, it was stated that, as the !
struggle for independence was a common :
one, therefore the lands in truth belonged ,
to all oommon, aud were tho property of
the confederated Government. Congress
at an early day passed a resolution re
questing a cession of the lands in contro
versy to tho confederation. Tho cession
commenced prior to tho close of thc Rev
olution. In 1781 New York ceded her
lands. New York was the first, and Geor
gia the last, her cession taking place in
1802.
In. 1784, thc difficulty of governing
tbese Territories began to excite general
5nco at thc side 0fiatten,lon- A Committee ot Uongrcss was
raised in 1754 on tne subject, or wuicu
i i .ii iA.nnnfnrir ninii inr
iiuuuuuiuiuuii u mo .
i ,nf r fi.n ' 'nrritorifis. ann
that plan embraced the celebrated Jeffor-
'aonian ordinance whioh I have not timo
to read in full. It provided that after the
1800 there should be neither slave-
ry nor involuntary servitude, except of
those duly convicted of crime, in any of
the States to bo formed out of tho ternto-
!rv which had been ceded by the States to
lhe "General Government. Tho plan also'
had reference to territory whiuti might
thereafter be ceded.
A motion was made to strike out the pro
viso from Mr. Jefferson's report. Uuder
thc old Confederation it required a ma
jority of the original thirteen States to
adopt any measure or auy part of a prop
osition as reported, and two agaiust it;
and, as six was not a majority of the
thirteen States, it was stricken out. Mr.
Jefferson of course, voted in Cougress to
retain the proviso, but his colleagues from
Virgiuia overruled him. In 1887, an a
mended ordinance was passed for tho
government of tho Territories, and in
that amended ordinance there was a pro
hibition, of slavery iu the Territories.
The same year the Con titution was form
ed, & submitted to the States for adoption.
At the time tho Constitution was formed,
Congress had provided for the government
of the Territories then owned by the Un
ion, as well as for those which should
thereafter be coded to it. Hence there was
not that precaution in providing for the
government of the Territories which sub
sequent events have shown to benecessa
ry. Tbe Constitutfon, however, does pro
vide that Congress shall have power to
dispose of, and make all needful rules
and regulations respecting, thc torritory,
or other property belonging to the Uni
ted States;" and when it is remembered
that the act3 of the States ceding the ter
ritories to the Uuion, several of which
preceded tho formation of the Constitu
tion, expressly ceded the jurisdiction as
well as tbe soil, and that Congrass had
already exercised jurisdiction over the
torritory, the apparent necessity of con
tinuing that jurisdiction, the abscuse of
any provision conferring jurisdiction upon
any other power, or making provision in
any other way for the government of the.
Territories, the presumption is strong, if
not conclusive, that tho framers of the
Constitution intended to confer upon Con
gress the general and unqualified power
to govern the Territories, in the grant to
make all needful rules and regulations
respecting the territory or other property
belonging to the United State; and so it
was understood by thc early statesmen of
this Union, without, perhaps, a single ex
ception iu proof of which may be cited
tbe repeated instances of legislation by
Congress for the government of the Ter
ritories, commencing with the first Con
gress under tho Constitution, and con
tinuing for a long scries of years.
RutSoon new Territories were acquir
ed. Under thc Administration of Mr.
Jefferson, in 1803, Louisiana was pur
chased, and in 1819 Florida was also
purchased. At thc time of tho purchase
slavery was in existence in both Louisi
ana aud Florida, and it was allowed to
remain there, and nearly all of the States
formed out of those Territories were ad
mitted into the Union as Slave States.
Rutin 1819 Missouri applied for admis
sion, or rather applied for leave to form
a Constitution preparatory to admission.
In that day, as many of the elderly gen
tlemen I see before me will remember,
there was an exciting contest as to wheth
er Missouri should or should not be ad
mitted as a slave State. A proposition
was made in Congress to prohibit the fur
ther introduction of slaves into Missouri,
and'to provide for the gradual emanci
pation of these already there. This met
with strenuous opposition. The amend
ment passed in the House of Representa
tives, but was defeated in the Senate, and
the bill fell for that year.
In 1820 the proposition for admission
was renewed, and resulted in the passage
of a bill authorizing the people of Missou
ri to form a State Government, tbo bill
containing a provissibn familiarly known
as the Missouri Compromise. That com
promise, as you will recollect, was this :
Congress couBentod to admit Missouri as
a State into the Union without any re
striction in reference to slavery, but it
put upon record a solemn agreement be
tween all parties, that for all time to come
slavery should be inhibited in that part
of the Louisianna purchaso lying uorth of
tho line of thirty-six degrees thirty min
utes north latitude. For a while this ap
peared to settle the question. From 1824
down to 1846 there was little or no diffi
culty on the question of tho government
of tho Territories or the existence or non
existence of slavery therein. In lb'4tf
we were engaged in a war with Mexico.
President Polk asked for an appropria
tion from Congress the object of which
wan to conclude a treaty of peace. His
first proposition was that Congress should
appropriate two millions to be used in the
negotiation of a peace with Mexico. It
was kuown that a trcary of pcaco would
bfiug us additional territory. That was
well understood by every attentive obser
ver of passing events. When tho bill was
offered Mr. Wiluiot, a member from thc
Rradford district, in this State, moved a
proviso that iu tho territory which might
bo purchased there should be neither sla
very nor involuntary servitude except on
conviction for crime. This in terms, was
very similar to the Jeffcrsouian ordinance.
The proviso passed tho House by a large
vote, and went to thc Senate. It was the
evening that closed the session. A mem
ber took tho floor aud occupied the timo
preventing the trausaetiou of busiue?s up
to tho hour of adjournment. Iu 1847 a
bill for 03,000,000 wua submitted, and
the proviso was again offered. It again
passed lhe House. The Senate . refused
to accede, to it, Tho bill, as it came from
tho Senato without the proviso, was adop
ted iu the iloirso by a very small majori
ty. The treaty of pence was concluded,
' and a largo amount of territory was ac
quired from Mexico. It settled rapidly.
California soon had a large population,
owing to tho discovery of gold within her
limits, and in a short time the question
. came up on her admission as a free SratV.
Her Constitution prohibited slavery.
Utah and cw Mexico asked for Territo
rial Governments. Tho question of the
fugitive-slave law was also agitated. Af
ter considerable excitement in 1850- tho
, Compromise measures were passed. They
; consisted in the establishment of a boun
dary line for Texus, tbe ndtnision of.Cal
iforuia into the Uniou as a freo-State,-tho
establishment of Territorial Governments''
for Utah and New Mexico, without, tho
slavery restriction, the abolition of tho
slavo trade iu the District of Colun?bia,
and the fugitive-slave law. It was obvi-'
ous that Congress had changed its policy,-
which formerly was to restrict slavery.
In 1850, they determined, and, fD my
judgment, wisely determined, to leave
thc question of domestic institutions to bo'
settled by thc people of tho Territories.'
i '-Tbe country generally acquiesced in that
, settlement. In 1852, both of thtt great
' political parties of the Union met in gen
' eral convention, and both passed rcsolu
( tions adopting the Compromise measures'
! as a finality on the slavery question.
j The country was again quieted on tho
' tn:nn. .1 n n . r rm
.iguuuu" oiavui y quusuon. -i.no peaCO,-
however, was of brief duration.
In 1853, the people of Nebraska pe
titioned for a Territorial Government.
A bill for that purpose was renorted.and
(passed the House of Representatives, but
j it was laid upon the table in the Senate.-
In that bill nothing was said about tho
Missouri Compromise, and I think it was
j unfortunate that it did not become a law.
I In 1854, the proposition was renewed
! and after some hesitation tho chairman
j of the Committee on the Territories, Sen
j ator Douglas, reported a bill providing
for tho government of the Territories oi
! Kansas aud Nebraska, and at the samo
! time, for the repeal of the Missouri Com-
promise This was but four short years
I ago. You remember the profound feel-
i ing it excucu an over tne country. Af
J tcr a fierce conflict the bill passed into a
' law. And here, gentlemen, I cannot re
' frain from saying, that, iu my judgment,
this repeal was an unwise proceeding.
j That was an ancient and time honored
compromise. It had remained upon tho
statute-book for 31 years, with tho
1 approval of men of all shades of polities
I It had brought peace to the country, and
produced the so much desired harmony
between tho two sections of the country
n thc slavery question. It was unwise'
( iu my judgment, I say to disturb that
compromise. Rut I must not be under
J stood as oppor-id to the principle of pop
' ular sovereignty which animates the Nebraska-Kansas
bill. I believe that it is
' correct and safe, and that wherever it ia
necessary to act, the people of the Terri-
tories should be allowed to settle tbeir
own domestic institutions for themselves.
I would have this principle, however, to
' settle questions, and not create new diffi
culties. Now tint it has beeu erected
upon the repeal of the Missouri Coinpro
' misc, now that it has received tbe sanc
j tion of Congress, of the Executive and of
. thc people geuerally, I would insist that
1 it should rigidly and religiously be ad
' hered to. 1 have far greator respect for
those who favored the repeal of the Mis
souri Compromise,- and who have shown
by their subsequent conduct that they
really meant wbat they said, Tfhen they
declared that their object was to leave tho
peoplo perfectly free to form their own
domestic institutions in tbeir own way,
than I have for tbe men who opposed tho
repeal, but I have siuce endeavored to
force a Constitution upon the people of
1 Kansas against their will.
To resume: After tbe passogo of tho
Kansas-Nebraska bill, A. H. Reeder, of
our own State, was appointed Governor
of tho former Territory. He was a mem
ber of the Democratic party, and one of
tho strictest of tho sect He went to Kan
sas to put thc new Government into ope
ration upon the principle which had been
inaugurated in thc recent legislation.
He took the necessary sfeps for tbe e
lection of a Legislative Assembly. An
election was held. Rut, fellow-citizens,
what an election 1 It was not an election
of the people of Kansas not aneleelion in
tho spirit of the Kansas bill. No ! On the
contrary, it was an election by the peoplo
of a foreign jurisdiction the people of
Missouri-and au elcctioni n defiance of all
law and all deoeucy. The people of Mis
souri crossed thc border, seized the ballot
boxes, and elected a Legislature of them
selves, and then returned to their homes.
Gov. Reeder, as in duty bound, set aside
these fraudulent returns wherever objec
tions wero duly mado a'nd proved; but in"
tho case of several members tbu olected,
no specifications wero filed with the Gov
ernor of course, he could not act. The
Legislative Assembly convened, and their
fir. act was to declare null and void that
which the Governor had dono. They de
clared t&at the members rejected by him
wore duly entitled to their scats. -Then
thoy began tof legislate. Rut what legis
lation did they give Kansas! One thing
ouly was doubtful, aud that was which
was the most to bs condemned the man
ner in which the Legislature was pot in
power, or tbe.aots they passed when ithoy
had commenced legislation?! Rothtfwere
as bad as bad coulh be. In.lSSG, anuthv
er Legislature was elected. In the.mean