1 IP I 1 Hi '114 1
HJcutctt to fJolitits, itcvatnrc, griculfxtrc, Science, iiloraliti), and eneral intelligence.
VOL is.
STROUDSBURG, MOTsTROE COUNTY, PA. DECEMBER 14, 1854.
NO. !
Published by Theodore Sehoeh,
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AT THE OFFICE OF
THE JEFFEEOKIAN.
PRESl&EST'S MESSAGE.
FeUoio-cttizcns of the Senate and the House
of Representatives .
The past fcas been an eventful year,
nnd will be hereafter referred to as a
marked epoch in the history of the world.
While we have been happily preserved
from the calamities of the war, our do
mestic prosperity has not been entirely
uninterrupted. The crop, iu portions of
the country, have been nearly out off.
Disease has prevailed to a greater extent
than usual, and the sacrifice of human
life, through causualties by sea and land,
is without a parrallel. But the pestilence
Las swept by, and restored salubrity in
ites the absent to their homes, and the
return of business to its ordinary channels.
If the earth has rewarded the labor of the
husbandman less bountifully than in pre
ceding season?, it has left him with abun
dance for domestic wants, and a large
Surplus for exportation. In the preseut,
therefore, as iu the past, we find ample
grounds for revorent thankfulness to the
God of Grace and Providence, for II is
protecting care and merciful dealings with
u. as a people.
Although our attention has been ar
rested b painful interest in passing events,
yet our couutry feels no more than tho
blight Tibratious of the convlsions, which
bare shaken Europe. As individuals, we
cannot repress sympathy with human suf
fering, nor regret for tbecauses which
produce it. As a nation, we are remind
ed, that whatever interrupts the peace, or
checks tho prosperity, of any part of
Christendom, tends, more or less, to in
volve our own. The condition of States
is not unlike that of individuals. They
arc mutually dependent upon each other.
Amicable relations between them, and
reciprocal good will, are essential for th'e
promotion of whatever is desirable iu
their moral, social, and political condition.
Hence, it has been my earnest oudeavor
to maintain peace and friendly inter
course with all nations.
The wise theory of this government, so
early adopted and steadily pursued, of a
voidiug all entangling alliance, has hith
erto exempted it from many complications,
in which it would otherwise have become
involved. Notwithstanding this our clear
ly defined and well-sustained course of
action, and our geographical position so
remote from Europe, increasing disposi
tion has been manifested, by some of its
government, to supervise, and, in certain
respects, to direct, our foreign policy. In
plans for 'adjusting the balance of power
among themselves, they have assumed to
take us into account, and would conBtrain
us to conform our conduct to their views.
One or another of the powers of Europe
ha-, from time to time, undertaken to en
force arbitrary regulations, contrary in '
aiany respects to established principles of
international law. That law, the United
States have, in their foreign intercourse,
uniformly respected and observed, and
they cauuot recognise any such interpola
tions therein, as the temporary interests
of others may suggest. They do not ad
mit that the soverigus of one contincnt,or
of a particular community of Stato, can
legislate for all others. 1
Leaving the traus-atlantic nations to ;
adjust their political system in the way
they may think best for their common
welfare, the independent powers of this
continent may well assert the right to be ,
exempt from all annoying interference on
their part. Systematic abstinence from ;
intimate political connection with distant !
foreign nations, does not conflict with giv
ing the widest range to our foreign com- j
JBerce. This distinction, so clearly mark-',
ed in history, seems to have been over-
looked, or disregarded, by some leading j
foreign States. On refU3.il to be brought ;
within, and subjected to, their pecuno7
aystem, has, I fear, created a joalous dis
trust of our conduct, and induced, on their
part, occasional acts of disturbing effect
upon our foreign relations. Our present
attitude and past course give assurances,
which should not be questioned, that our j
purposes are not aggressive, nor threat
ening to the safety and welfare of other
nations. Our military establishment, in
time of peace, is adopted to maintain ex
terior defences, and to preserve order a
niong the aboriginal tribes within tho
limits of the Union. Our naval force is
intended only for the protection of our
citizens abroad, and of our commerce, dif
fused, ac it is, over all the seas of the
globe. The government of tho United
States, being essentially pacific in policy,
Btands prepared to -repel invasion by the
voluntary service of a patriotic people,
and provides no permanent means, of
foreign aggression. These considerations
should allay all apprehension, that we arc
disposed to encroach oa the rights, or cn-
dancer the security, of other States.
Some European powers have regarded,
flisniiififhirr (nnnom fho firnriJ
expansion of the United States. Thi3
. Q J .-...
peeted that those amono-them which have
within a comparativelvecentneriod sub-
v. J tr I
uued and absorbed ancient kingdoms,
olanted their stnndnrrl; nn pvrrvrnnti.'
nent and now possess or claim the con-
trol of, the islands of every ocean as their 8lve anJ 01 them a jnco aa vantage over menu conceives, oi nis privileges unaerco, ueeurmug iu in
appropriate domain, would look with un- , u3- our consular convention with France.- j treaty of the 30th of D
friendly sentiments upon the acquisitions 1 '-c proposition to enter into engage- ' There being nothing in the transaction been organised, and the
ly sentiments upon the acq
of this country, in every instance honora
blv obtained or would feel themselves
justified in imputing our advancement to
a spirit of aggression or to a passion for
political predominance.
Our foreign commerce has reached a
magnitude and extent nearly equal to
that of the first maritime power of the
earth, and exceeding that of any other-
t it.:- . i-.t . .
uvur mis great interest, in wuicu uot on-
ly our merchants, but all classes of citi-
zens at least indirectly, are concerned it
is the duty of the executive and lecisla-
tave branches of the government to cxer-
cise a careful supervision, and adopt
proper measures for its protection. The
policy which I have had in view, in re
gard to this interest, embraces its future
as well as its present security.
Long experience has shown that, in
general, when the poincipal Powers of I
S.i i .i . t , c '
.cjuiope are cngageu in war, tne rignts oi
neutral nations are endangered. This
consideration led, in the progress of tho
war of our independence, to the forma
tion of tho celebrated confederacy of
armed neutaility, a primary object of
which was, to assert the doctrine, that
free ships make free goods, except in the'
case of articles contraband of war: a doc
trine which, from the very commence
ment of our national being, has been a
cherished idea of the statesmen of this
cnuntry. At one period or another, eve
ry maritime Power has, by some solemn
treaty stipulation, recognized that princi
ple; and it might have been hoped that
it wonld come to be universally received
aud respected as a rule of international
law. But the refusal of one power pre
vented thi, and in the next great war
which ensued, that of the French revolu
tion, it failed to be respected among tho
billigerent States of Europe. Notwith
standing this, the principle is generally
admitted to be a sound and salutary one;
so much so, that, at the commencement of
the existing war in Europe, Great Britain
and France announced their purpose to
observe it for the nresent: not. hewover.
l r,vi,f w oc '
a mere concession for the time bein". ' ermea- This being the compensation, mark. The fifth article of our treaty of
The co-operation, however, of these two 'stipulated in the treaty, for privileges of with Denmark, provides that there
powerful maritime nations in the interest j tuu highest importance and value to the 'shall not he paid, on the vessels of the
of neutral rights, appeared to me to af- j United States, which were thus voluntar- United States and their cargoes when
ford an occasion inviting and justifying, i 51J yielded before it became effective, the passing through the Sound, higher duties
on the part of the United States, fora j request seemed to me to be a reasonable than those of the most favored nations.
renewed effort to make the doctrine in ! one Dufc it could not be acceded to, from This may be regarded as an implied a
qucstion a principle of international law, i ant f authority to suspend our laws greement to submit to the tolls during the
by means of special conventions between imposing duties upon all foreign fish. continuance of the treaty, and, conse-
the several Powers of Europe and Amer- 1 1 tnc incan time tho Treasury Depart- ' quently, may embarrass the assertion of
ica. Accordingly, a proposition, embrac- I n,ent issued a regulation, for ascertaining our right to be released therefrom. There
ing uot only theCrule, that free ships make ! tne duties paid or secured by bonds on Ure also other provisions in tho treaty
free goods, except contraband articles, j usu caught upon tho coasts of the British , which ought to be modified. It was to
but also the less contested one. that neu- ; provinces, and brought to our markets by remain in force for ten years, and until
tral property, other thau contraband, tho' j British subjects, after the fishing-grounds one year after either party should give
on board enemie's ships, shall be exempt , had been made fully accessible to the cit- notice to the other of intention to termi
from confiscation, has been submitted by ' izenB of the Uuited States. I recommend ate it. 1 deem it expedieut that the
this Government to those of Europe aud to your favorable consideration a propo- contemplated notice should be given to
America. ; sition, which will be submitted to you, for the Government of Denmark.
Russia acted promptly in this matter, ! authority to refund the duties and cancel The naval expedition, dispatched about
and a convention was concluded be'tween , the bonds thus received. The provinces two years since for the purpose of estab
that country and the United States, pro- ! of Canada and New Brunswick have also lishing relations with the empire of Ja
viding for The observance of the priuci- j anticipated the full operation of tho trea- pan, has been ably and skillfully conduc
ples, announced, not only as between ' ty, by legislative arrangements, respoc- tod to a successful termination by the of
themselves, but also as between them and , tivcly, to admit, free of duty, the products . ficer to whom it was intrusted. A trea
all other nations, which shall enter into of the United States mentioned in tho ty, opening certain of tho ports of that
like stipulations. None of the other pow- free list of the treaty; and' an arrange- .populous country, has been negotiated;
ers have as yet taken final action on the mcnt, similar to that regarding British and in order to give full effect thereto, it
subject. I am now aware, however, that , fish, has been made for duties now charge- Only remains to exchange ratifications,
any objection to the proposed stipulations able on the products of those provinces . and adopt requisite commercial regula
has been made; but, on the contrary, they enumerated in tho same free lit, and in- tions.
are acknowledged to be essential to tlie troduced therefrom into the United Tho treaty lately concluded between
sccuiity of neutral commerce; and the States; a proposition for refunding which '. the United States and Mexico sotted
only apparent obstacle to their general , will, in my judgment, be in like manner ; pome of our most embarrassing difficultes
adoption is in the possibility, that it may ! entitled to your favorable consideration. ' with that country,' but numerous claims
be encumbered by inadmissible condi-
tions.
1
,. '
The King of the Two Sicilies has
pressed to our Minister at Naples his Washington adjoining the uritisn posses
readiness to concur in our proposition rel- sions on tho Pacific, which has already
ative to neutral rights, aud to enter into led to difficulties on the part of tho citi
a convention ou that subject. j zeus and local authorities of the two Gov
The King of Prussia entirely approves ernments. I recommend that provision
of the project of a treaty to the same ef- he made for a commission, to be joined
feet, submitted to him, but proposes an by one on the part of her Bntaunic Maj
add'itional article providing for the re- esty, for the purpo36 of running and De
nunciation of privateering. Such an ar- tablisbing tho line m controversy. Oer
ticle, for most obvious reasons, is much tain stipulations of the third and fourth
desired by nations having naval establish- articles of tho treaty concluded by tho U.
mcnts, large in proportion to their foreign States and Groat Britain in 1846 regard
eoramerc. If it were adopted as an in- "g P sessory rights of the I(udson s
i: i 1 k e ,io.
f ,1 A nA Tiovnl Riinprinrii v.
. l Aitin ;n
Sf would be nlaced. after hav-
UUlU ..
expos
bctweon
tion having comparatively a small naval rugets oouuu ngucuuaii "'I'j.
force would be very much at tho mercy have given rise to serious disputes, and
of its enemy, in case of war with a Power ( it is important to all concerned, that sum-
aI C . 1 1 1 . ll.Atti A w V -k at K I
ingsurrenuereu - y the-rihtd iu question, embracing, also, the my solemn duty to fulfil, emciently, these interposition of one of our ships of war, ot a steamer which he procureu auu
vateers,intheevcntotwarwi li a Dcii g. faf 0 Bay Company to obligations, not only towards Mexico, but at tiuib time iu tho harbor of San Juau., crcd them for that purpose. At length
craut of naval supremacy, will bbon , tuat e river Columbia;"and other foreign nations, I havo exerted all. Subsequently to this, in May last, a body perceiving no dipositon on the part ; ot
this Government could never listen to 1 . consideration, the powers with which 1 am invested f o of mJ froni G roytown crossed over to tho town to comply with his requui ions
such a proposition. The navy of the fir. i o( mJking tt oontinSent defeat such criminal proceedings, and Punta Arenas, arrogaS authority to he appealed to the "ma
maritime Power in Europe is at least ten u e-pe : wn y aao, bringto punishment those who, by taking tfrreM on tho charge of murder, a cap- Brittauio Majesty's schooner Bermuda,
times as largo as that of the United States. , appropi latioo for that PnrP0 t yiolated our tr,f steamboats of tho Trail- who was seen to have intercourse, and ap-
Tho foreign commerce of the two coun- : France was tho early and efficient ally l lain oi out oi l , tl J tlv inuch influence with the loaders
iuu loiujjU vuimv.ivt, u' 1 e ., TTn:foii fnnc in their truirlo for Tho energy and activity of our civil Bit Company. lieing wen uare tnai tne parouuv ujuh . .H ticrsn-ulu
tries is nearly equal, and about equally of tho United btatos m ttur ..irugaio 101 - M:tfcl..ll -4. . ,J .i ... ,i ' inriarlict on ihern would ! umonff thetu to interpose, aud persuauo
J J lL . ,f (n rncnrt (ft m'l. UU i u:u ltiiu - ! " . . w . a" " , . , , . 1 .....1
ed to hostile acproaations. in war r moeptu - " jrtC;a r , y,,nA ' . i lt.A f!,L-n. as t had been on a nrc-'tlum W tauc some wui -
-i i ,. t j i.vm ,o fimft fo t, in aim uiiiiiai y iiuuiuiinua nuvu uuauuiuu u umi ivuiuiv j ....ii.,.i
that Power and the United States, present, with occasional siigut inierrun; , u.g..- t, .v., ivu .v-1 , -: ; , . . .
! without resort on our part to our raer-
! cantilo marine, the means of our enemy
to inflict iniurv unon our commcrco would
. ,.
he tenfold greater than ours to retaliate,
We could not extricate our country irom
. i - , .. .i .i
try be better situated, in war with one of San Francisco was, not long since, brought!
the secondary naval Powers. Though into the United States district court at
,, it. .. iii i iit. i i l i
tne naval disparity woniu oe jess, ine
ereater extent, and more exposed condi-
t'on of our wide-spread commerce, would
wents to forego a resort to privateers, in
case this country should be forced into
I '
war with a preat naval Power.
ver, is not en-
titled to more favorable consideration
than irould be a proposition to agree not
to accept tho services of volunteers for op-
orations ou land. When the honor or the
nchts ot our eountrv renuire it to assume
a hostile attitude, it confidentlv relies up-
on (lm noH-intiom nf ifo nilJ'nm tint nr.
' "v' p" --
dingily devoted to the military profes-
sion to augment the Army and the Navy,
so as to lllaiC tl,em fulb' adequate to the
. emergency which calls them into action,
The proposal to surrender the right to
employ privateers is professedly founded
upon the yrinciple that private property
of unoffending non-combatants, thouch
enemies, should be exempt from the rav -
ajres of war.
But tho proposed surrender
nnvate oronertv siiou u not ne seiz-
ed or molested bv national shiD9 of war.
goes but little way in carrying out that remains as nt tho close of your last ses-,mcnt. Separated as are tho Atlantic and j in order to ensure the safety ot passen
principle, which equally requires that sion. Internal agitation, assuming very , Pacific coasts of the United States by i ger3 and property passing over the route,
such mivate oronertv should not be seiz- : nearly the character of Dolitical revolu-ltlie whole breadth of the continent, still! a temporary force was organized, at con-
Should the leading Powers of Europe ; Tho late Ministers were violently expel-1 together by community of origin and in-, which provision was made at the last scs
concur in proposing, as a rule of interna- led from power, and men, of very differ- stitutions, and by strong attachment ' sion of Congress.
tional law, to exempt private property up-lent views in relation to its internal affairs,! the Union. Hence the constant and in-! This pretended community, a hetero
on the ocean from seizure by public j havo succeeded. Since this change there j creasing intercourse, and vast inter- igenous assemblage gathered from vari
armed cruisers, as well as by privateers, i has been no propitious opportunity to re-; change of commercial productions, be- jous countries, and composed, for the most
the United States will readily meet them j sume and press on negotiations for tho i tween these remote divisions of the Re-j part, of blacks and persons of mixed
upon that broad ground. i adjustment of serious questions of difficul- j public. At the prsent time, the most J blood, had previously given other indica-
Since the ad ournment of Congress, the
provm-
ces. have been exchan
nged, and some of
ages are already en -
its anticipated advant
joyed by us althouch its full execution
was to abide certain acts of legislation not
yet full' performed. So soon as it was
ratified, Great Britain opened to our com
merce the free navigation of tho river St.
ratifications of the treaty between the U- ! the Uuited States. There is reason to for communication between them are by I pensitics. Early in the same month, prop
nited States and Great Britain, relative ; believe that our Minister will find the the way ot the J..-thin us ot Uentrai Amer- erty was clandestinely aDstractea irom
lltr in. ip.n. Tt tho fltit.v of tho o-ovprntiifint to'the denot of the Transit CotiiDatlv and
. . . -r. . . . -.-r . . . . i i- i .. i. , i ... I. it -. ..ii .1 ...1 n 4 'IM. 1..,1..-.- U
Lawrence, and to our fishermen unrao- passing through the Sound. I do not
lested access to the shores and ba-s, from doubt that we can claim exemption there
which they had been previously excluded, ! from, as a matter of right. It is admit
on the coasts of her North American ted on all hands that this exaction is
provinces; in return for which, she asked ; sanctioned not by the general principles! ing as to the import of some of its provis- that reparation should bo made tor so
for the introduction, free of duty, into the I of tho law of nations, but only by special ious, a readjustment of which is now un- many and such gross wrongs, and that a
Dorts of the United Sttes. ot the fish ' conventions, which most cf the commer- dor consideration. Our minister at Lon-; course of insolence and plunder, tending
caucht on the same coast bv British fish-
Thero is difference ot opiuion between
the "United Statos and Great Britain, as
to the boundary line of tho Territory of
Bav ComDanv. and oronertv or
the
should bo devised.
I have reason to he-
Hcvo, that an arrangement pan be made
11 ll t I A . I inivinortir
TU inrn mary in t; una oi seining mum ttitn-uun
n tnoi.. tni- t in irtiiu;iiiii unnnr. ni i itjiia ui iiuutt un b v . iitiiiuiut . -j iiioi'ti it' vtwis titsitii w:i; 11 e ic;i 1 1:11 u mw-m.ww.w, , - - -
tions, cordial relations of friendship have
existed between the trovernmeuts and
people of the two countries. The kindly
- ........... -
sentiments, cherished alike by both na
uons, nave leu to extensive social aua
i i .. i-i. x i i
tnac piace, ny compulsory process, as a
witness in favor of another foreign cou-
sul, in violation, as the French Govern -
which could imply any disrespect to
1 J J c
Franco or its Consul, such explanation
lias been made as i hope will be satistac -
tory. Subsequently, misunderstanding ! raguay and Paraguay, secure to us thejperson exercising the chief authority,
arose on the subject of tho French Gov-! free navigation of the river La Platte, ; While parleying with them he was wounds
; ernment having, as it appeared, abruptly land some of its larger tributaries; but thejed by a misiile from the crowd. A boat
excluded the American Minister to Spain' same success has not attended our efforts despatched from the American steamer
lrom nassmcr through v ranee, on nis wav
i his way!
from London to Madrid. But that Gov-
nrnmnnt lin c nnoniii t'nnnl 1 tt rl tjn xrn'.vorJ ti v
. ... uu.w.v ..u uuv.... ww.a7 v.. j,
: design to deny the right of transit to the
Minister of tho United States; and, after
explanations to this effect, ho has resum -
ed his journey, and actually returned
through France to Spain. I herewith lay ,
before Congress the correspoodence onj
: this subject between our Envoy at Paris, j
1 and the Miuister of Foreign Relations of j
, the French Governnu'ut.
The position of our affairs with bpam
. neanv tne cnaracter or dc
! tion. has rccentlv convulsed that eountrv.:
; ty between the Spanish Government and
euneci than the preceding
our just demands, aud to make suitable
! arrangements for restoring harmony, and
preserving peace between the two coun
tries.
V . Jl ! . ! i 1.
mark to discontinue the nractice of levy -
ins tolls on our vessels and their cargoes
cial nations have entered into with Den-
upon it ior wrongs anu injuiies
to our;
' many i
citizens remained unadjusted, and many
. new cases have been recently added to
the former list of cricvances. Our lega
tion has been earnest in its endeavors to
obtain, from the Mexican government, a
favorable consideration ot these Claims,
but hitherto without success. Ihis fail -
urc is, probablyj iu some measure, to be
ascribed to the disturbed condition of
that country. It has been my anxious
desire to maintain friendly relations with
the Mexican republic, and to cause its
rights and territories to be respected, not
1 1 I f 1 A I i - ?
only by our cttizeus, but by foreigners,
who havo resorted to the United States
for the purpose of organizing hostilo ex-
nnditions against some of the States of
that ReDublio. Tho defenceless condi -
tion in which its frontiers have been left.
. . . - . -
has stimulated lawless adventurors to em -
bark in these enterprises, and greatly in-
creased the difficulty of enforcing our ob -
1 i Ti T .H .- i. r. ... ,. . . I. I ,. iM l.stntt. ni- til? rw-r Clttt.
' ditions of this character, except in two in
stances,
leigners,
One of these, composed of for
was at first countenanced and
- iaiaeu oy the ;uexican governmout iueir,
- 11. i . r . . t r-
, it uaviug ueeu uucuivuu us iu iuuu
fin. i u .!,,-
measures taken by this government com -
polled the abandonment of the undeitak -
:.
iug.
The commission to establish the new
! Hue between the Uuited States and Mex-
to the provision of the
ecember last, has
work is already
commenced.
i . . . . -
Uur treaties with toe Argentine bon-
; reueration, ana with the ltepuDiics oi u-
to open the Amazon. The reasons in
favor of the free use of that river,I had
1 OCfinSlOIl to TirCSent fuliV. in 3. former
t ---
message; and considering the cordial re -
llations which have long existed between
jthis government and Brazil, it may bo
j expected that pending negotiations will,
eventually, reach a tavorablc result.
Convenient means of transit between
the several parts of a country, are not
only desirable for the objects of commer-
I c:al and personal communication, but es -
isential to its existence under one govern -
the inhabitants of each are closely boundiSiilerableexpen.se to the United fctntes, tor
I practicable ana only commodious routes
of interruption.
' In relation to Central America, per-
piexmg iuesiioub eiisisu ueuweeu iiiu
nited States and Great Britain at tho
I nt n flirt naactAti j- f O o 1 1 fVYn I o
These,
las well as questions which subsequently
to comniy with secure inese aveuues auiust, an uuugLT u&cu iu umviuttu. xnu puuuinia
arose concerning mtcroceanio commuui-i oucu, in suosiance, arc tae lacis suu
cation across the Isthmus, were, as it was mitted to my consideration, and proved
supposed, adjusted by the treaty of April by trustworthy evidence. Icould notdoubt
I'J, ISoO; but, unfortunately, they have!
been reopened by serious misunderstand -
don made strenuous efforts to accomplish
tins desirable object, but has not yet
found it possible to bring tho negotia-j ing over this transit way, should be per
tions to a termination. cmptorily arrested. Whatever it might
As incidental to these questions, I deem
it proper to notice an occurance which
happcued in Central America near the
close cf tho last session of Coucrcss. So
nnn r.iiu nnfifissitv was norceivod of
establishinji interoceanic communications
across the Isthmus, a compauy was organ
ized, uuder authority of the State of Nic
aragua , but composed, for the mosLpart,
of citizens of the United States, for the
purpose of opening such a trunsit way, by
tho river San Juan and Lake Nicaragua,
which soon bceamo an clligible and much
used route in the transportation of our
citizens and their property between tho
Atlantic and Pacific.
Meanwhile, and in anticipation of the
completion and importance of this transit
way, a number of adventurers had taken
possession of the old Spanish port at the
mouth of the river San Juan, in open do- marauuiiig esu.uns.iiun.-iu iuu u-ugtrr-fianccof
the State or States of Central ous to be disregarded aid too gut ty to
i
America, uuou their becoming independ-
tho name of tho place from San Juau del
Vr (n P.rnvlnifn nrwirhnmrh fit first.!
pnr. lnd r .fhtfu v succeeded to tho local I ul1"q iu auj iUu -j ""
sovereignty and jurisdiction of Spain. piratical resort of outlaws, or a camp of
Tt,oo nrlrmiriirPM undertook to chan?c savages, depredating on emigrant trams
pretending to act as tho subjects of the Seasonable uotice was given to the peo
lictitioua sovereign of the Mosquito Indi- pie of Greytown that this gorr nine tit re
uus, they are subscqucutly repudiated the (quired them to repair the injuries they
control of anv nower whatever, assumed J had done to our citizens, and to mako
to adopt a distinct political organization,
aud declared themselves an independent
soverign state.
If at tho same time, a faint hope wasj
entertained that they might become a
stable nnd resnectable community, that
J . BQQQ vanisjhe(i. They proceeded to
1 aflrt unfounded cuiuia to civil jurisdic-
j. -
tion over Punta Arenas, a povttion on
the opposite siue of tho river San Juan,
which was in possession, uuder a title
wholly independent of them, of citizens
of tho United States, interested iu the
Nicaragua Trausit Company, and which
kVas indispensably necessary to tho pros-
perous operation of that route across the'
'isthmus. The Company resisted their j
. Trniinrllnss elnim?: whorunon thev nro -
! f.pnded to destroy some of its buildings.!
.
n(l nthminfed violuntlv to dino.ess it.
'; At a later period they organized a strom;
force for tho purpose ot demolishing the
1 establishment at Puuta Areuas, but this
- !vious occasion, they went prepared to as-
seit it bv force of arms.
Our minister to Central America hap-
Lpcned to be present on that occasions
Relieving that the captain of the steam
boat was innocent, for he witnessed tho
transaction On Yllitl thn nhnrcra TTJIS
1 II 111-- .. .
iounaeu, ana Deneving, also, that the in
truding party, having no jurisdiction o-
jver the place where they proposed to
; make the arrest, would encounter dcrpe-
v.-M-!uinrn f inrr nnrciatrtfl in flint
rate resistance if thoy persisted in their
purpose, he interposed, effectually, to
prevent violence and bloodrhed. The A-
I merican minister afterwards visited Grey-
' town, and whilst he was there, a moo,
including certain of the so called public
'functionaries of the place, surrounded tho
. . .... - - . , ...
house in wuicu ue was, avowing uiul
nau come to urresi mm, uj, umu
i "Northern Light" to release him trom
the perilous situation in which he wa3
! Understood tODC. Was fired OntV thO
j ,
(town guard, and compiled to re.urn.
j These incidents, together with the known
j character of the population of Greytown,
j and their excited statct induced just ap-
i prenensions marine mes aim piupei.jr
j of our citizens at Punta Arenas would bo
jin imminent danger after the departure
of the steamer, with her passengers, for
pew 1 orl:, unless a guard was ieit ior
; their protection, ror mis purpose, auu
nous oi misenievous ana uangerous pro-
jtained shelter there, and their pursuers
were driven back by its people, who not
uuij pinaxtcu m niuujjuuciouuu auoiw
j the plundsr, but treated with rudeness
and violence those who sought to recover
j their property.
that the case demanded the interposition
j of this government. Justico required
directly to the insecurity of the rich
m V
treasure belonging to our citizens, pass-
be in other respects, the community iu
question, in power to do mischief, was
not despicable, it wa3 well peovided
with ordnance, small arms, and ammuni-
: lion, and uii-ht easily seize ou the un-
armed boats, freighted with millions of
property, which passed almost daily with
in it3 reach.
It did not profess to belong to auy rcg-
ular govornmont and had, in fact, no rec
ognized dependence on, or connection
with, any one to which tho United States
or their injured citizens might apply for
redress, or which could be held respon
sible, in any way, for the outrages com
mited. Not standing before the world
in tho attitude of an organized political
society, being neither competent to exer
cise the rights nor to discharge the ob
ligations of a government, it was, intact,
t i- . ..it' i ,i
pass unpunisneu, anu yet lucapm.ie ot
or caravans and the frontier settlements
Ot CIVlllZed States.
j suitable apology for their insults of our
minister, and that a ship-of-war would be
dispatched thither to enforce compliance
with those demands. But the notice
passed unheeded. Thereupon, a com
mander of the navy, in charge of tho
sloop-of-war Cyauo, was ordered to re
peat the demands, and to insist upon a
compliance therewith. Finding that neith
er tho populace, nor those assuming to
have authority over them, manife-ted any
disposition to make the required repara
tion, Or even to offer excue for their con
duct, ho warned them by a public procla
mation that if they did not give satisfae-
" within a time p'
bombard the town, -by
tion within a time sprcineu, na wouiu
this proceduro
1 ho atlordeu tatm y j t
for their personal satcty.
To those also who desired- to avoid
loss of poperty, in the puuishmeut about
to be inflicted outuc offending town, ha
furnished the means of removing their
and
i
I
I
it
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