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THURSDAY, APRIL 30, 1668. ,
THE WEEKLY GAZETTE, :salted on -Wed—
nesdays and Saturdays, is the best and cheap
at family newspaper in Pennsylvania.: It
presents eaeh week forty-eight columns of
solid reading. matter. It gives - the fullest as
well as the most reliable market reports of any
paper in the azte. Its, files are used ezcZu
sively by the Civil Courts of Allegheny county
for reference in important issues to determine
the'rfyirg prima in the, markets at the time of
the business transaction in dispute. Terms :
Sing!!! copy, - one year, $1.50; in clubs offive,
$1,25; in. clubs of ten, $1,15, and one free
to the getter up of the club. Specimencopies
- sent free to any address.
' Wls pliniT on the insiere pages of this
morrtinea GAZETTE :
,Second page: Poetry
and rEphonerii. Third page.: Financia r ,l
Matters ' Nem York, Markets by Tele
graplf, River . News, Imports, SteaMboats,
tc. Zizth page: Some Financial, Produce
-and Petroleum Markets. Seventh page: A
story': entitled ' " Proposing by Letter, "
• Arnuomehts,
•
Goal closed in New Yo
1391@1.88;:. •
GENERAL • SeitortELD arkthorizes the state
ment that the President nominated him to
be Secretary of.. War without even intima
ting that he desired to do so. He has writ-.
ten a Utter declining to accept the nomina
tion.
A. Ti:AsurnaTolt letter says of Mr. GnoEs-
BECK'S argument the President's behalf
that "he did not acquit ANDREW JOEL'S - SON,
but hp probably mane himself BEN WADE'S
successor in the Senate, in case the latter
becoMes President." They say, however,
at Columbus, that the Ohio Democracy have
already assigned the seat to Mr. JEWETT, of
Zanesville. '
WRE.IS ARRAIGNED the other day by
Lord. Derby, in Parliament, for vacillations
and inconsistencies in his views of Irish
policy, an eminent English statesman had
the manly courage to avow that the peace of
the Empire was the aim of his life, and that,
preferring his own plan, he had accepted
another as,- under the circumstances, the
-most practicable solution of the Irish dila.:
•culties. It would be a good 'thing for our
own Republic, if its leading statesmen and
politicians were more frequently found da
ring to emulate the moral courage of Emu.
_RUSSELL.
- FLonrox "will vote early in Ku, and no
'serious opposition to the success of Recon
struction is anticipated. The Virginia elec
tion, which had been ordered for June, has
been postponed by. General SCHOFIELD, in
consequence of the exhanstiori of the funds
appropriated by Congress. The difficulty
will be speedily remedied and a new order
of election issued. General SCHOFEELD'S
recent visit to Washington is understood
to haVe ben for the purPose of 'arranging
with Gmeral GRAICT the details of a plan
to submit' the new Constitution to the peo
ple of this State, in separate pa;ts, in order
•• to obviate any existing danger or the defeat
of an instillment winch, as an entirety', is
most wisely framed, by the Injudicious and
unpopular - disfranchising clause, upon
which his opinions were submitted ineffec
tively to the Convention before its adjourn
ment.
Tan PROTRACTED speech-making by coun
sel is likely to answer a very 'good purpose,
in developing, among Senators, an evident
impatience of further needless delays. It
was voted, the other day, by 30 to 19, that
fifteen minutes in debate was too much
to concede to each. Senator upon each article
or separate proposition. A proposition to
give to each Senator half an hour and no
more in the final deliberation, was also lost
by 34 to 16.
,Although the subject was. then
laid aside, to be again brought up after the..
conclusion of,, the argumenp, the present
decision; as to the Jength.of 'Senatorial dis,
cussions, is not likely to be
.changed.. As it
stands, each SenatOr will have fifteen'min
utes for explanation of his vote, on all of
the articles, and no more. This will make
a decision of impeachment attainablewithin.
a two days' discussion., pinbarmasitig ques
tions may arise-as to the extent of the pen
alty—whether It shalll'or not; irolnde dis
qualification for t RyltioAk. Ao. any
~Federal
office—and also as to the mode of Agreeing
upon a verdict and of prOtfOrnicilig judg-
ment,.but butlt is believed that Senators have
already reached conclusions upon these
points, and _that no additional delays will
result from 'then): It is worthy of, note that
the Wide latitude of" speculation in which
the public ,have . indulged? anlthe leafless
fieling of uncertainty which has beerfinsid
iously Triendi;,
are entirely due to. the reticence of the .
Senate. And that reserve has 'been most
commendable,
GE4, Ilaaccoca. is fut . gaining grotuid
with influential Democrats as a Presidential
can didate; and the indications are now that,
Mr. PnNDLETTT, who, sixty days' since,
would have secured the nomination almost
'without an retroXtf :win find a dangerous
competitor in his military rival. The
postponement of.:thl f e r ^nvention to so late
E
a period as "Jitlyls , found seriously detri
mental to Mr. PisirtLicrox's prospects, and
he is palpaigyledd*l4rehiP,didikl i Wiilk
new and formidible'comtinatimni torn::
ingolOitionlible.cat,
¢thy ts 4
• .1 •
r:t..ri .1.14
ERE
tlid he. ,The _General'sofficialFageneptin..l
the hanging of Mrs. STIRSIATT is apparen i ly
less objectionable to an influential wing of
the Democracy, ttan the practical epudia
tion with which PENDLETON leads the as
sault upon their pockets. Nor is the Ohio
politician's war-record altogether acceptable
to the shrewder Democratic -leaders. Dis
guise it as they may. attempt to, these 'gen
tlemen cannot wholly conceal their hank
ering desire for a candidate whose loyal
military services shall lend a Valuable aid in
obscuring-the popular fetnembrane,e of 'cop
perhead disloyalty in: . the ,trying period of
public danger. If they did not help us fight
the battles, they are cheerfully prompt in
snatching at the fruitS of victory. Demo
cratic politicians are dissatisfied with the
postponement ; of their National Convention
to July, and a plan is on foot to induce
their Executive Committee to change the
call and fix an 'early day in June for its
meeting. • .
SPEAKING! of .frauds in the collection of
the whisky excise, the New York Times
pays to New Jersey a handsome compli
ment as follows : •
Some of the New Jersey districts were at
one time quite as bad as any in this city.
The change for the better in that State is at
tributed entirely to changes made in the lo
cal revenue offices and to the rinn and no
ble stand taken -by the Federal Court—in
that State. Rogues havereceived no quar
ter there. They have been arrested, tried,
convicted and punished to the full extent
of the law. And the'r&filt is seen there in
the entire diaappearance of fraud in regard
to the whisky tax, from that, State.
If the revenue officials and . prosecuting
officers were everywhere as zealous and
faithful as in New Jerseys in ferreting out
frauds, and subjecting them to imprison
ment, Commissioner Wpta,Es'..esiimate of
fifty millions levenue• from the whist y tax
this year would be more than' realized. So
far as thd paragraph - Abini*.e„cpioted. would
convey
. an bnpressxmi lhat - the• 'Federal
Courts are responsible for the non-adminis
tration of the law, Torrect bnlyln a
very limited sense. Fidelity in enforcing
penal laws and the measure of punishment
inflicted upon offenders are practicallY de
pendent, in a very - great degree, upon the,ef
flciency and integrity of the prosecuting of
ficers,.whose representations and influence,
direct and indirect, in other ways, are usual
ly potent with the sitting judge. -
rk yesterday a
It is nearly eighty years since, in this
journal, appeared the following- account of
the operations of the Indians of the Ohio
valley. The Pittsburgb. GAZETTE, of May
26th, 1787, says :
"A gentleman, who arrived here the 19th instant.
"from Lime Stone, which place he left the Ist of
'May, informs us that Beret' warriors of the Shaw
"sinese nation had come on there, on the 27th of
"April, with nine white.people- to exchange for - the
"same number of Indian prisOners taken by Col.
"Logan. The Chief of these savages, Captain
"Wolf. gave the gentlemen to understand that thtr
•ty warriors of the Cherokee nation were' then out
"at war. Our informant adds. that as he came up
•the river, husaw five bark canoes and three rafts
"crOss - the Scioto. full of Indians."
Mrs. Eva Jessup, who died at Fairview,
Indiana township, on Monday afternoon,
was perhaps the last remaining resident' of
the county
_who had a personal
_acquaint
ance with the history of that period. When
the paragraph above quoted was first print
ed in the GAZETTE, Mrs. JEsaufr, then. Miss
JONES, was in her sixteenth year:, and living
in a cabin located a little west of the present
site of the Penitentiary, in Allegheny City.
Mrs. JESSUP has always, declared that she.
was born in that cabin, and, as she was some
.years older than the late General Ronmsox,
there haire r- been - titany to insist that she; and
not the General, was "the first white child
born west of 'the Allegheny river."
One of the commercial marvels of modern
times is the sudden development of the
Petroleum trade, a business which, like
Minerva springing fully armed from the
brain of Jove, at one bound has attained an
almost' world-wide diffusion and import
ance. Eight years ago the article was un
known to commerce, and yet, in 1807, the
exports .to foreign countries -of Refined
Petroleum footed- up the large amount of
nearly 1,700,000 barrels. ln thei,same year
the amount of Crude Petroleum produced
is estimated at about 3,000,000 barrels.
This immense business,is almost solely con
fined to Western Pennsylvania, and our own
city has contributed more than any other to
develope and foster this wonderful traffic.
At the first discovery of the oleaginous treas
ure, our capitalists, with an unwonted pre
science and enterprise, detormined to draw
the; new business to Pittsburgh, and forth
with erected, as if by magic, a large number
afiefineries until, at this time, titres millioni
Of dollars are invested iri buildings and
stocks in this neighborhood alone.
As Pennsylvanians. therefore, !mt. more
particularly as Pittsburghers, we are peculi
arlytintetested.in a business Which has con-.
tributed so Much to develope the resources
of our COMmonwealth, ' and as citizens of.
the United States, we are anxious to foster a
manufacture which has contributed so large
ly to make up the deficit in our exports of
cereals,and cottan, , Prem-twenty to thirty
millions of dollars are annually placed to
our ,credit abroad in return for our ship
ments of this single article. As Pittsburghers
We take great pride in meeting the produc
tions of our city,i and the imprint of its
name,lhroughout the cities of Europe,'ln .
the depths of Afrieii, on' 'the black steppes
of.liussia. tho gold plains . of", California, or
the fragrant fields of the celestial Empire.
Turk and Arab; Chinese and Patagonian,
Rindoo and Japanme, -- Prenchman' and .
German alike enjoy the cheap and beautiful
illuminator which Pennsylvania - Wells
prdduce and Pittsburgh Refineries utilize.
,No production of the labor or - ingenui
ty.of man is more deseryingof Ithe,encour
&gement and protection of Government, yet,
none hits been more persistently hunted
down arid . discriminated against; from the
earlieg davelopment of the trade ':lMpiesSed
with the ideathat the "rivers of oil " Were
veritable :Pitgteafik, streams , our Legislators
'Oai r e charged?Otroleu*w#h an;undue pro.
• nrtion Parflons: Most ,ua
Oifly it , hete.lleezi singled_out fregiAe`.chuis
•••''' •
,5...'<
WM
OUR EARLY HISTORY.
PETROLEUM AND; ITS TAX.
„._ .'1
PITTSBURGH GAZETTE.: THURSDAY, APRIL 30. 186 E.
list of luxuries,' 7- 11 -iPlk may 30: legislated
against, and, from the first has been heav 7
ily taxed, amounting for the last - two
years to one hundred per cent. Recently
this has been reduced to fifty per cent. of the
value, and such a reductiou might seemsuf
ficient to those not acquainted with the
great interests involved. What reason there
1 is for placing a fifty - per cent. tax on the
poor Irian' slight where the rich man's gas is
charged but five or seven per cent. we can
not see. A beneficent Government shoald
reverse this order of things and lay itsur
dens on those most able to bear them. It
is justly claimed— that the busi ess
of exploring the - oil field, and tha - of
i
preparing 4ts - products for use, are the ost
-uncertain and hazardous of all our mi 'ng
and manufacturing operations, and demand
encouragement and protection rather han
adverse and opiressiie legislation: :. "y
..,vik
should it not simply be placed in the te
gory of useful manufactures instead - o be
ing outlawed like whisky ? For what rea
son should it not be treated in the same
manner as we treat the mining of coal, or
iron, or copper? Why discriminate against
a business that is more uncertain in its re
sults than either of these, and equally as
useful ?.
Should it t ba said that PittsburgA need not
complain, for the reason that our product is
mainly exported Madlherefore free of tax,
we answer, that, whilst -nominally free, the
existence' - of the tax requires':
.system of
most embarrassing and expensive, regula
tions, which imposes a heavy burden on the
business, and at the same time contributes
nothing to the Government. This, too, at
a time when the European refiner can come
into our, markets, purchase - the erude article
and, by means of cheap labor, cheap chemi
cals and a good market for Naptha, drive the
American refiner out of the foreign markets.
Should our Government foster this im
portant branch . of 'American manufactures,
or should it continue to embarrass the busi
ness by unreasonable and expensive;tegi
-lationstintilit-has driven thitrade into the
,hands of foreigners? It seems to us that
every unnecessary obstricle should be taken
out of the way, and every reasonable en
couragement extended to a business which
contributes so largely to the development of
our national resources, to the maintenance
ofour national credit, and to the comfort
and happiness of the world.
Use of .Stimulants.
Dr. Willard Parker, in a recent address
before the Young Men's Christian Associa
tion of New York, discussed the subject of
stimulants at some length. He said :
The five chief stimulants are : tea, coffee,
alcohol, opium, tobacco.
E Stimulants when talc( nin a liquid form, go
at once into the blood, and of course operate
promptly upon the tissues of all parts of the;
body. 'Pea and coffee stimulate, alcohol,s
opium and tobacco poison.
Some persons. can use both. tea and coffee
with impunity; a few coffee, but not tea; 4
good many tea, but not coffee.. Tea and cof4
_fee used in moderation do not shorten life;
used in excess they do, however, producing
great nervous irritability and exhaustion.
Milk and sugar ought to be used with
iboth tea and coffee. Their nutriment
pears to protect the system against over
stimulus.
- • Man will have something to drink besides
water. He is a drinking animal. The thing
required. therefore, is only that he drink
what shall not harm him. There need be
no quarrel :with pure lager beer and pure
light wines, used inmoderation. California
wines are from tery sweet grapes; therefore
fermentation (which changes sugar into al
cohol) makes them strongly alcoholic and
intoxicating.
The liquors now drank are poisonous. I
have not seen a case of delirium tremens in
hospital for years. There used to be such 4
but now. such patients - come in scraz,r—rav
ing; from the effects, not of alcohol, but of
adulterated liquors.
As between tea and coffee on one hand,
and alcohol on the other, a certain good
man in New York used to say that "he was
always glad to find that a young man like
tea snkcoffee, because then he was not
likely to become fond of alcoholic drinks."
Again,
tea and coffee retard the processes
of waste in the system, and thus enable the
two nervous systems to furnish working
pWer to the body for a longer time.. Al
chohol has no such power. •
Opium-eating rapidly increases in Ame
rica. *The effects of it are well;known, yet
its, use does not necessarily shorten life.
Opium used as a stimulant gives very pleas
urable sensations for the time, but these are
followed by a corresponding depression, a
slough of exhaustion and misery which
continues until the pleasure is brought back
by the Use of a little more opium ; than be
'fore.
The moderate use of tobacco doe not
necessarily kill; but it cannot be said that
the moderate use of it is harmless.
- Perhaps tobacco is not quite so bad as:
rum, but they are twin brothers, and tobac
co makes men drink. • Tobacco depresses,
and the user then craves liquor to stimulate
him. It is found impossible to cure inebri
ate patients of the use of liquor so long as
they are allowed to use tobacco. The
French public revenue from tobacco from
1812 to 1882 was annually $5,000,000, of
late years it is s3o,ooo.ooo.During the
former period there were in Prance at any
given time 8,000 lunatics and paralytics.
now there are 44,000.
It will be seen that the two totals increase
in 'nearly an even ratio—six and a half
times as much tobacco, five and a -half
times as much lunacy and paralysis. Those
.who live out doors may use tobacco with
,out feeling it:so Mitch; but not men of se 7
dentary life. There have died in New
York within a few years three excellent
clergymen, all of whom would now be alive
had they not used tobacco. The difference in
the operation of tobacco and alcohol is this,.
while alcohol causes tangible changes in
certain organs, tobacco gradually lowers
the vital' tone of the whole system, so that
the life ends sooner than it ought to.
MESSRS. ALEXANDER DlcDoxian and B.
F. Rice are the United States Senators elect
from Arkansas. The former is a native of
Pennsylvania, about thirty-six years of age,
and for several veers did businesses a bank
er and liierclituttiri Kiinsai. - At the close of.
the war he fettled at Little Rock; Arkansas',
and he Is now ; President of the Pirst.Na, -
tional Bank 'of that place. He has been'
elected for the short term. Mr. Rice was
born in Kentucky, but early in life migra
ted to. Minnesota, where he obtained some
eminence as a lawyer. Atthe breaking out
of'.the war he was commissioned a captain ,
in the Third Minnesota Infantry., but re
signed while the regim'ent was in .&rkeitses,
land took up his residence at Little Rock, for.
.the purpose of practising law. Though an,
uncomproodOg Union-,man, he is said to
14e*OppOsed,to negro:s
°frir
~..p. , e
- O.x . TIEE-'43ERMAWERTATRIAITOI I V --- '"
-TREATY. -
The annexed portion .of a dispatch from
Minister BANCROFT, to the State Depart
ment, dated Berlin. April 3d, will be of in
terest to our readers. It is observed that
the provisions of the treaty are construed,
by the German Diet and by the Chancelfor,
BISMARCK, as a most complete declaration
of the change of nationality by the act of
foreign naturalization. Mr. BANCROFT
Says:
, Irteteditt
Yesterday he treaty came up for accep
tance in the I perial Diet. • Mr. Konig, in
the first insta ce, - and then Count Bismarck,
took the oc asion, publicly, and in the
clearest and ost emphatic manner. to con
firm my interetation in every-particular.
A discussi n arote, which brought out a.
full interp retation of its several articles.
,)
Mr. Konig, the plenipotentiary who signs
the treaty onithe part of North Germany, in
explanation f the - first article, said that a
five years' c ntinuous residence in:Ameri
ca, and no re, was all that the treaty. re
quired in re dto residence.
The Cha cellor of the Confederation,
Count Bisma ck, spoke on the same point,
declaring t t the words of the article were
too plain to be misunderstood;, - that the
period of fiv years was :to date from the
moment wh n the -emigrant should cross
the America line, and that the 'continuity
i
of residence hich was required was to be
interpreted, "Nicht in korporelichem sou;
dem in jurislicschem scone," not in a cor
poreal but in a legal sense, The interpreta
tion of the second article of the treaty was
equally explicit. -
Dr. Schleiden, of the t ommittee of the
Diet, reported that inasmuch, as the lia
bility of the naturalized citizen on his return
to his original country extended cnly to
breaches of law committed before emigra
tion, it followed that any breach, of the law
which might be committed by itself was ex
cluded from the class of punishable actions.
The view was confirmed by Mr. Konig,
who pointed out that as the emigrant re
mained liable only for acts committed be
fore emigration, emigration, itself, and the
consequent withdrawal from'military duty,
could_riOt be included among such acts.
So then, said Mr. Lowe, one of the ablest
members of the Diet, and well known as a
long and esteemed resident of New 'York,
the hateful military business is now put aside,
and the emigrant on his return is not liable
toarrest for the violation of the military duty
from which he ,had withdrawn by emigra
tion.
While he fully accepted the explanation
of Mr. Konig,.Mr. Lowe still intimated a
wish that it might be confirmed by Count
Bismarck himself.
The Chancellor immediately arose, and
replied as follows: The gentleman who has
last spoken fears that a person who has lived
five years in America and been naturalized
there may yet, on his return here, be held
to military duty. This apprehension I can
designate as perfectly and absolutely un
founded;.the literal observation of the treaty
includes in itself that those whom we are
bound to acknowledge as American citizens
cannot be held to military duty in North
Germany. That is the main, purpose of the
treaty. .
Whosoever emigrates bona fide with the
purpose of residing permanentlyln Ameri
ca shall meet with no obstacle on our part
to his becoming an -American .citizen, and.
his bona pies will be assumed when he shall
have passed five years in that country, and,
renouncing his North German nationality,
shall have become an American citizen. I
believe, therefore, that no room has been
left open for the anxiety that has been ex
pressed, and I lay great stress upon the plac
ing of the subject in its true light ,
Dr. Lowe questioned the Chancellor on
this point once more, saying : "To my joy
I think I may understand the Chancellor to
say that no prosecution for unauthorized
emigration can take place, even if the emi
grant shall have ceased to be an American
citizen."
Count Bismarck replied : "I herewith
confirm the declaration - which the , gentle
man desires," and he added,joyfully in
form, seriously in aubstance, "I might also
assert. that we will treat the five years ab
sence in America, when connected with
naturalization, as a fulfilment of the mili
tary duty with the North German Confed
eration." •
',„ The fourth article Of the treaty came also
under consideration. -
Mr. - Luker, one of the ablest members of
the Diet, inquired whether• the German,
naturalized in AmeriM and returning to
Gennany, would, after two years' residence
in Germany, be held liable to military duty?
The text of the treaty, he said, gave no
color to such an interpretation, but the re
port of the Council of 'Confederation was
a iguous and, therefore, he called upon
th Chancellor for a clearer explanation.
n the beginning of the debate, ex-Consul
M" or had mdst clearly explained that the
. P h h e e i
rw s g re enrin la w t 'all i h on :
as a citizen of North Germany, would,
I
A e: ru ca ilicat n nß la cisi N mt : - za re erne q k, u o i r r ne e p d riesi t e 'r du o m m thian th tg e t
b me naturalized a total revocation of his
all glance to any other power, holding fast
to his fact.
within the treaty, stand in the light of a.
foleigner emigrating into North Germany;
th t he could not be held to the discharge of
arif old military duty, but only to such new
Mi . itary duty as would attach to every for
eigner emigrating into North Germany and
becoming naturalized there. „< •
All the proceedings were marked by the
disposition to cherish more friendly rela
tions with the "United States. . •
, On the fourth article I will add a few
words. The American law exacts from the
citizen who becomes naturalized a perpetual
renunciation by oath of his former nation
ality. Hitherto the Prussian government
has made no formal secognitionotour maw
'ralization laws, but now that it becomes
bound by. treaty. to respect thUm; it would
tot have restored ,the returning American
German to his German: cititehshitr had not
.the consent of the United States to his re•
lease from his obligation to them . beeri•
given, as it is given:by ... the 'fourth article of
this treaty. .-- - z.... - I 4 : . e
I iemain, sir, yours sincerely, .
GEOROR BMWROFT.
WILLIAM H. SEN4,w, Esq., Secretary of
State, &c.
Tim Central Pao .Ballroad has been
operated on both slopes.of the Sierra Neva
da mountains during April. ' Passengers
and freight are hauled by wagons around
the incomplete gap of six miles at the east
end oflgke suntmit tunnel;when Alley again
take t'.-e cars downto. the Big Meadows of
the Truckee, one hundred and fifty miles
east of Sacramento. The track Ist mean
while being graded at the foot of the moun
tains, and so soon as' the spring rains admit
the line will be, pushed rapidly, forward
across the plainsto the Humboldt Valley.
It is expected three hundred miles will be an
operation in August.
TuE Hudson Highland ' Suspehiiori
Bridge bill has become, a law. The bridge
is proposed to be located at or near Fort
Montgomery in the Highlands, and is on
tho lmo and of course- in connection with
the Erie and Nerw'England Railroad, to be
constructed from Turner's on the Erie
Railway, to Derby in the State oSCohnett
ticut—therefore crtming the Eudson:Firver
- rtiad as well as 'all theknorth and south niads
'betANeen thOsMinW: •
MEIN
=7.1 z{{- „
' •
'
Mr. Darwin has published' more vol
umes on the "Variation of Plants and Ani
mals
under Domestication," to confitm his
theory that the different forms of animal
and vegetable life have been produced by
natural law, and not by creative acts. The
conclusions 'of Mr. Darwin may be reduced
to four :• • ' •
1. All animals, especially domestic ani
mals, have a tendency to great variations of
form; and artificial selection depends for its
operation on this fact. '
, 2. Many forms of animals and plants, not
1 in existence in nature, but derived from nat
ural types, are called into existence by man:
3. These are produced' by artificial selec
tion; by a. careful observation of individual
variations, - *hich.are selected for breeding;
and these are preserved till they are perpet
uated as specific.characters.
4. Breeds, which are thus introducea by
artificial selection, show differences of ex
ternal form and of internal Structure,
whicli.would warrant a naturalist, ignorant
of their origin, to call them distinct species,
or sometimes even distinct genera.
Prof. Aglissiz is the leading opponent' of
,13
Mr. ,Darwin' theory.. 'He asserts ' that
species are immutable; that man can °rig'-
_ nate breeds, but never species; and that
breeds are fruitful in offspring, but species
if crossed, are barren, or have sterile off
spring: He claims, also, that in the whole
range of observation in iving nature, or in
fosiil history, no instance hits been found of
transmutation of Species. Where such emi
nent naturalists arc at valance, who can
decide the controversy? -
American Cities.
The London Atheneum remarks in the
course of a review of a recent Atnerican vol-
ume
Baltimore will live in the traveler's rabid.
as a city of lovely giris,.of passionate song,
and of perfect terrapin. It will keep , its
place, when things of higher interest may
have passed away . , by the color of its streets,
by the dash of its people, by the heat of its
pavement, by the frolic of its (pulpit. Other
cities of the Union have their charms. Bos
ton is very massive; Richmond is very - pic
turesque.
New York abounds in riches, Chieage , in
enterprise,'NCW Orleans in wickedness', St.
Louis is fervid, Philadelphis . nobly built;
but Baltimore has a charm—beyond, nearly
all cities in America, which' . many .a visitor
has felt without being able to describe.. The
streets are very sunny, the citizens very
gay s . But-these things may be seen else ,
where, in places of which you do notfeel
the instant charm. Perhaps the seeret . lies
in a certain combination of brightness: and
thoughtlessness in the city and the people,
which is rather Sicilian than Jimmied:L . New
York and New Orleans are far • more dissi
pated cities than Baltimote; yet- for &kind .
of decorous excess in the ways of vice,—
for dancing and dicing, for driving and
drinking, for all the delights which are sup
posed to hang about wine, woman and song
this city on the Chesapeake bears away the
bell. -
A Pair of Portraits
William H. Seward sat on the floor of the.
Senate on Friday. His small figure and.
slim head, the latter covered with smooth
gray and white hair, attracted all attention.
Simon Cameron graciously gave him a.
chair, and Mr. Bingham addressed him wits
the words of welcome and assurance as to
his health. Then Thaddeus Stevensengag- -
ed in conversation with' Mr. Seward. Two
physiques ripe for death were they, but
Seward looked the older, having not'the
advantage of a dark wig, like Mr. Stevens.
The latter is a grand looking old man al
ways, but on this occasion his firm month,
strong brows, and habitual firmness of cyn
icism, gave him great advantage over Sew
ard's irregular and weak face, which show
ed many facile lines, as of ready wit, but
not of deep principles. • Seward has always
seemed to me to be a literary mart, intrust
ed with statesmanship.' His weaknessestire
all those of a professional writer He is
fond of talk, of sentimentalizing, of good
wine, and frequent rich, food, or riding,
flattery and company,., and he always has
his leading speeches and state papers writ
ten out, maturohied, and forwarded to the
press in abundant time to print them with.:
out error or abridgment. It was in this
way that he lost ppsition in politic% loving
the dream of empire more than the abstract
truths of freedom, and too indolent at his
age (nearly seventy) to join an aggressive
party again.—G. A. T. ciarelaticlLeader:
=I
lOWA, though not yet a q u a rter of a cen
tury old, has a population of:' over, onemil
lion, and, though not rich, claims to have
devised and constructed the most ,commo
dious and eligible Hospital for the Insane of
any State in the Union. It is located at
Mount Pleasant, • Henry county. Its cen
tral structure, ninety by sixty feet, is foul.
stories high; tbe six wings (forming a quad
rangley are three stories; it is built of cut
stone lined with brich, has an iron roof,
and eleven miles of iron pipes for water,
gas and heating. It - has 425 rooms above
the basement. - it has cost $600,000, includ
ing an Artesian well 2,100 feet deep, which
is no longer used, because of the corrosive
properties of the water. Dr: R. J. Patter
son is the superintendent.
SUNDRY representatives of the manufac
turing interests of the country, in anticipa
tion of the speedy resumption of legislative
business in Congress, are in Washington to
secure modifications of the Amendatory tax
bill passed last Month. They are, greatly
diss.atisfied with the two-and-a-half percent.,
tax on sales, and say the cost of collecting
it will.be .so...gre,at-that, the -provialon—will
yield little, it any„ revenue.,Theyilthgre
fore, will ask the repeal of that section of.
the bill, and if the necessities of the country
are so great that the manufacturing interests
can not be entirely released from taxation,
they will suggest especial or Hameln that
can be paid without subjecting persons to
so mach inquisitorial examination.
A Cumous js;supr.aptain Irowell, :of 'I
the Milteattke telle us of 4 curious Welt, he - 1
witnessed on' Lake Michigan on •Sunday
night. Ho left this poft and s gettingoutinto
the lake he found it as calm and still as
the river, without a ripple to break its sur
face. The lake was frozen over its entire
ividthhy a coating of clear blue ice about as
t4ck as glass, and so calm was it, there was
not sea enough to break this coating. He
saw the Ministrae about threl:i miles off, and
the reflection of her lights upon the ice was
one of the finest sights ever witnessed. The
ice was madepn Sunday,evening and night- f t
but soon disappeared. Such a sight is wit-.
nessed only once in a life time.—Mtheaukee
I paper. •
TILE Ways and Means Committee,in their ,
report making the Internal . Revenue Bureau
an independent establishment, not under
control of the Secretary of the Treasury,
provide for one, commissioner, one assistant,
and six deputy .cominissioners, besidas
solicitor. The commissioner is to be respon
sible for the entire duniagethent of the Bu
reau, min for the odllection of revenues,
and to this end he is to have sole power of
removing and appointing collectors, asses'.
sore, and their"assistants. ,
% RE , lik a n tli th den tose ti nf o . f the W ij itte nivt be nn% a C t ° D li e e' l g a4 e
ware, - dehottnoedtho diottontfairhig skit 'ofthe
Ohio Legielathre; in a 'series :of ittsolutioni.
rm--i—fi - iv prose•,:s:lirti4il,6 -- - -- . 1
g• i
Over two hundred ragabais of the medi
cal faculty assembled .th 4 other day in the
anatomical museum aitached to Bellevue
Hospital, New York, to be present at an
autopsy of the ' bodyl Of a female, aged
about thirty, dead seventy-six days, which
had been preserved inf Tlike freshness by a
new process of embal 1-like
called "nekros
oziac. ' Professor Do omits presided over
the autopsy, in which several of the most
distinguished physicians and. surgeons of
the city . participated. 'riiis new process of
embalming consists siMply in a wash of the
deceased body without I round or incision.
Some of its specialities;dre to dispense with
the old system, of disenilsceling and ex
tracting the brain; also voiding mutilation
or injection of any kind, and acting asks
thorough disinfectant.' e body operated
upon this day woo not. t'he slightest de
,gree discolored; the featinctwere asregular .
as in life, and the misell l i Its'inoffensive as of
a body twenty-fotrr honts after death. The•
opening ofthe body regealed the fact that:
the bowels and brains, ds well as 'the flesh,
were free of the slightest appearance of
taint or of smell. Thel :limbs -were as plia
ble as in life. Sever,* Of the Burgeons
spoke in high terms of, the extranimary
discovery ao likely to. WOrk a revolution in
• the preservation and trasportationt of dead
bodies. Another body) preserved by the
same process for , onoljhundred and- tiwee
days has been subjected to an equally satis
factory examination.
MMQZ
Mlxed it'sunity. -
A gentleman well idown to one of our
friends relateslhe folloidt , iturious. family
experience:
I got acquainted with a. young, widow ,
who lived • with her step', daughter in. the•
same house; r marri4d. the - widow,: my .
father married. the step!-tiatighter of my wife;
my wife became the, mother-in-law and also •
the•daughter-hulaw Of my own father; nay
wife's step-daughter is My: step-mother, and
I am the step. tier of t my mother-iralaw;
my step-mother,:wito the step-daughter of
my wife, has al boy; he. is naturally my
stepubrother, but , because. he; is- the eon of
ow wife's sleptlaughtir,..so lanky wife the
grandmother of., the little.boy, and I am,the
grandfather of .my . sgep4brother; my wife
has also , a boy;;my stepmother. is, comae
q_nentlyr.the step-stster of: my boy, and is
also his- grandinothett beame- he is- the
child - of her step-ion,l and my father IS-the
brother4n-law of mY eon, because ha has
got his step—sister for a...wife; I am the
brother of my owu n tlmp.wholathe son of
ray step-mother, La thellbrother-in-law of
my mother; my wife Idt the au.ut . of her .own
'son; my_son is. the grandson of. my father,
and I tun my own graildfather.r
A writer in .Thitna: 'Monthly ,Nragsatrie
this sums up the bap lo
•
t ottheJapagese
-
"Take the Japaneselas-a.,whole, high and ,
low, tich and poor !they are the bestled,
best dad, best lodgtil; , letiat overworked
and'most genial and happy people on. the
face of the earth.
"Fbod is-abundant and obeap—imagina
ry wants rare; an thus. temptations to
crime are less thaMiwith us, though the
land is- no 'Utopia. . •
"There is-no suchl44.as squalor- to be
seen in Japan. In the house of the very
poorest, a lafth ave4e belle might sit:upon
the matted floor without' soiling her dress.
The-streets are adn "utibly sewered; ali offal
and garba,g . ,e are renOved,for manure.
"There is no bigotry.. ,The people are
wondf , q-no
iha
tred ' t is
fearer &deal
diem
QM
=2
- CONSU*PTION..
Check and conqueritOsd vances, laist you fall the ,
victim. When ittackeltrlth any a Its preliminat7
symptoms, no matter lusic slight, be on your guar*
and promptly use die riknedy ere Oa late.
1 '
DE. SARGENTS COUGH, SYRUP._
Isms ol,d; 'Well tried. 4n re
ttain an standard mad,
fOr CofighS, - Colds, ..iiathnk; Croup, _ Difficulty of
Breathing, Pain or OP"pressloar in the Chess or
Lungs. and all DiseasOpf the Pulmonary Organs.
Itssure and certain elacy has. been fully tasted
and endorsed for Man , ears by numbers of well
known citlseasin our dst, and their certiliscates
are on record. ' Have A mush which has grad
ually Increased !rem a light one to one of perms
nenestanding? Logonetimes but procure a bottle
of DR. SARGENT'S cquGrt SYRUP: which will
surely relieve you of the dangerous premonitory
symptoms and effect Z. IDeMXlAllent cure. Do you
spend miserable days • Unkl_ dew sleepless nights of
torture and pain from idiseks of Asthma or Dliileni
ty of Breathing? Dr; [SARGENT'S' Cough Syrup
wilt act promptly. relieve you, and gradually re
shire you to your freedd of pain, and sound, pleas
ant sleep. Are your lungs sore and Irritated, Lndl
caring Inilammatlon ? Iltils is one of the most dan
gerous symptoms, and should be promptly removed.
Dr. SAROENT'S' Cough syrup will heal the sore
ness. allay the Inflammation, and restore the lungs.
to their prestine btadh and vigor. This Cough,
1 Syrup is pleasant and agreeable to take, while pow
erful and sure in its action. For sale by all Drug
gists in the country., 1 i ,
' FALLACIES 9
~77 F THE . FACULTY.'
"The stomach is the ne organ of the system. It
BIC digestion is imp rteet, every member, evert
gland, ereirmusele, fiery nerve and fibre Ismer*
or less out of order. 1/ 9 11 the fluids are depraved.
The brain is clouded/ The spirits are depressed.
AU dyspeptics knout liis ;..) be the truth. It is not,
however, half the truth. Columns would be re
quired to enumerate tilt pains and penalties of dys
pepsia, nor could any lien do them justice. Tens of. •
thousandsfeef them; 1.1? man can describe them. •
Can they be preveUed ? Can they be relieved?
Can they be banished at once and forever? Unques
tionably- they can. No dyspeptic has ever taken
HOSTETTER'S STOMACH BITTERS in vain. Be
lieve no one who saySi the complaint is incurable.
. This great vegetable stomachic will eradicate it—is
.eradicating it in thousands of cases over which med
ical practitioners haveishaken their heads ominous
ly, saying, "Nothing ane be done." •
The .faculty has its (insoles. One of them is that
indigestion Is the moist difficult of all the ordinary
ailments "o'f mankind te combat and subdue. This Is
a mistake. Nothing tan be easier than to conquer It
if the true specific beiadministered. This vegetable
dombinatiou which ilds become famous throughout
the civilized World' of HOSTETTER'S STOMACH
BITTERS is 'an aulote to the disease which has
never been known. d fall, and fortunately it Is
everywhere procura le.. If you wish to fool with
the dyspepsia, try the Pharmacopoeia prescriptions.
If you want to root # out and prevent Its occurrence
take the Bitters deli There. Is no discount on - the
testimony in its•favo a If there is a-man or woman
who has ever tried 1 for indigestion without being
beinfitted, Abe fact has not transpired. Universal,
uncontrafficted pralM avouches its wonderful tonic
virtues: . I
ANOTHER - C URE OF DEA • --
I leetray hearing .filtring the last ' yeitr. Part of .
the time I was totalli deal In April of this year I
was induced, from as advertisement, to Make apr,
? ii,
plication to Dn. ICE.I. - . in, 110 Penn streets PH*
. .• '
burgh. After havin -tried varftras medicines from
doctors, without nal:ibeneilt. r itave bieu under Dr.....
geyser's treatment nip* . for nearly two mOuthi, ani; ~'::
1
am.etaliely iestore to - my, hearing, so that I Oa, .: .'.;-I
!tear a pia drop.l ~t JOHN SCANLAN. --' ' I_l
' • ' • Doi Miffs', Washington co., •P?ii 7 ',
, , •
liilt CURE. -- • - , "; •
f r ' S i'
A man called t at' Dr. Keyser!' office to in ,
form him eta great Fire made by his LUNG! 0 . 01, or ; . : I ,
Pimstoliaft.r.R l / 3 1'01,Artili.' list there cures.. ,i
are made with the TioietOre preparations, be desires ':!:
it to be distinctly understood Met. most of his are"
cures are made in r;jeardilneii with the - established
,laps that governithieiaeleuee of aellichie; In which . •
!glm beerL pgagedlor the pas Meta) , re Ta ds . . + ,•
Last week t!lil..ras also is receilite i a Ittier frou!!t:'-,-'
clergyman la.he itlite of .ohlc., detalllllg mothe r :
.'itoist wonderftilourg s '-- -', ' • t - '.'f! * ''
DB. kirysizren3 :iir.sirmix CoFeirPrlEN.....„...w clit , i .‘
r .
RICE IFORLUNG ,. A 279 ~NAIT.I , _I ) u w'''''' riow;;..
gi=l;llP pinty q.insiAsEx 24 ?.. Amu,., ~...f, , -.1f;:,
. ritoxie .!m.Writ Pi!. BF. -,,_,,•..;:,c,?1,
A• Padise.
Mel
led Ari-o. •
N
MEM