33 ClOV,ittAiiltitOizait . te dIDS DAY, APRIL 8, 107 LABOR AND LABORERS Men mho undertake; in large towns, the task of.Ftlbsisting families on the maps of mechanical or manufacturing labor, incur a task of serious magnitude. In periods of health and prosperhy they fund it diteult to bring the year about with a surplus that "gives hope of com fort In old age. When trade is Mill and wages low, and particularly when sick ness supervenes, the . discouragement is trily appalling. These are among the considerations which lead to the` estab lishment of Trade talons. - Nor are these Unions intrinsically oh -3ectlontible, ..On the contrary, there is much to baseld In their favor, vi hen or ganized nn a proper basis and conducted in a reasonable spirit.' Every workman hose right to fiithcprice at which he will sell his industry; ndil to remain idle if he - cannot get 'it: Any number of workmen have aright to combine to. gether under an agreement not to labor for less than a stigulated compensation. But when they attempt, by- any means whatsoever, to prevent other men front selling their labor, when, where, and at - what rates they see fit, they become not simply ttespassers upon the rightet of those particular men, but enemies to society.. There is no right more Inherent, vital and inalienable than 'the right of a man . to work, at what he Will, for whom he will, and at what price be will. Whoever deprives him of that right is a robber. It dots not matter-un der what pretences the deprivation is tie . complished. To do it pretending to &- fend labor is only to make bad worse, for the hypocrasy of, an alleged good motive is set up to cover an action which is indefensible, became ' wrong. Nor Is it much less criminal to traduce. men as unskillful andnnwor,hy who in sist upon bargaining fit their labor to suit themselves: The laws Justly rule it slanderous M assail orally; and libel lous to assail in print, a mows repu tation In that wherahy he legitimately earns bread for himselfand family. This rule of law ts the embodied common sense of the human race, garnered up through all the generations, and will re maul law forever. A butcher has a right to determine at how much a pound he will sell beef, pork. Any number of butchers, and mutton Including all in a . town or district, have a right, by agreement, to put up_the price of meats. But tl they should go farther and threaten with violence—. j much more. if they should use violence upon—hutchers from a distance who should come In for the purpose of under selling them, they would become crimi . 7 nals and justly be eiposeil to such penal• tics as the laws prescribe. A landfoid has a right to decide fur how muds he will rent his tenements, and, toiling to get his price, to.let them stand empty, Any number of Imsolords bare a right - to combine to put up reels to any mirk they may sets ac, and if the occupants will not ply the advance, to put them out. But they have no right to commit assault and battery on .a landlord who is conteuf with leas than they are. then, workmen either as indi. vlduals or in _combination, have a right to fix the rate of compensation for which 1 they will engage, they have no business to forget that it always bakes two parties to make a hatpin. Employers, either separately or in concert, Lave just the same rlgkt to'determino what they will pay, as workmen have to determine what, they will receive- If employers do not see fit to pay the rate demanded; that is their privilege._ If workmen do not see proper to toilfor the pay offered, they are only answerable to themselves for reflising. In this tee 'act the rights of employers and .workmen arc exactly equal. - Therein, , and Can be, no oppres sion on , either side.. Labor is like any other .commodity in the market, and, in the long run, the price of it will ho set tled by supply and demand just as the price of coal, iron or flour id settled. If there is too much labor of any sort on the market. or, which is the saute thing, tai much of a particular product, the price of it will recede, just as inevitably as streams subside alter spring rains. No possible combinations among work- 'men can countervail the nal Ural tenden Either the dethind most be increas• ed or the supply shortened. Over the de mand, producers have little or no control. Supply can be regulated, but only in two 'trays; either by part of the producers standing still for a- sufficient leugth of time, or by a proper number of them fors:Sling the business and engaging in some employmeattioC.so overcrowded. But, it should 'not be forgotten that standing still is equivalent to a reduction at wages. A man who works for three dollars a day, and has steady employ ment the year round, earns precisely as much as the' man who has four .lollars a day,-lint is unemployed a fourth part of the time. Besides, he spends less un necessarily. Being engaged, he doesnot Incar.thoso, incidental expenses which seem unavoidable when ono has nothing to do. Mike ati illustration of this matter on a largo scale. Oa the 12th of last' Jana. lay a strike ocearred in this city and vicinity. At least four thousand skilled worktnea and sin thousand laborers were thereby thrown ont of employment. It Is a low estimate to put the average wages of these ten thousand men at three dollars* day when eaguged. This anounts to thirty tlionsand dollars every twenty.foue hours. ' The 'strike has al ready lasted seveuty-four days, without cio:Wog any or the Sundays, involv mg a toss of Two ',Millions Two Hun dred. and Twenty Thousand Dollars in sag, atone. This is an uuder.estlmate rather than an over:ebtlreale. Sire Yost . a sum to be taken, out of the pockets of 'laboring meat It Is as absolutely hist as it would be had the workmen possessed :It in greenbacks, which burl been taken from them, and coupe-tied id fire. "Time is money." Than is no posst. ' bility of recovering it. Nor,dOeS there yet appear any Compenstion growlne out of the losi. If an advance of:wages should result, from . the strike, and It should beimmediately determinable how lone the advance would last,, then the gala rOnld readily be computed. But no each aivanco has Wen yielded, nor fa it likely to he. Another view remains :to be taken. The . dittereitei between the owners and worlpnen Is twoltiaths; that is, the pod. diets ask nine dollars a ton, while 'the iiiiinicirrs offer seVen dollars. Suppose -the larger sum should . be secured and re- MAUL the year out, 'three mamas. h ave been. lost In the strike. On thli Lasts 'one-Fourth iitiuld be . wasted togain two 'Tau dead loss is manifest to all who have even a snuerdehl knowledge of numerirtl proportion, But it -must loe added, that by fur the larger part of men thrown out by the strlke do not de mand or expect increased wages. They nig Idle because their employment is eln tineent on the working of the peddlers. We are far from saying or believing there is no hardship in diminished wages. There is great difficulty in re adjaiting prices to the lessened prem ium on gold. Employera and work men feel it alike. As the mar. ket prices of various products of la bor fall off, either wages must dim or the employers must either step or be baukrupted. Discreet owners era much more likely to stop, than to face certain ruin by going on. If seminal yalues re cede, workmen have the advantage of purchasing personal or family supplies at lessened rates. The mischief is that ' the prices of all commodities will not go down together. It -takes time to adjust the numerous discrepancies.:Thiscre ates embarrassment ; perhaps real dis tress ; but if anybody sees how it is to be avoided, or how One pinion of the community can manage to throw their share upon another, they surpass us in penetration. A good many perplexities await employers and employed before the descent shall be made froth piper in flation to solid specie. Some employers will be driven into bankruptcy, and many employed will be sorely pinched. It is best for each class to be patient with the other, and seek to make the general burden as light as possible. CZ= Two conjectures are indulged of the movement to test • the Constitutionality of the Military Government Act. 1. That it is prompted by President &lir:mote, not with the idea the Supreme Court will grant the injunction prayed fur, but to enable him to gain some eclat by the defence and enforcement of a law, . the creation of which he resisted by all means at his comman•2. This much is clear, the individuals making the appli cation are his supportets, and the At= torney General, under his direction, is resisting W10.),148 much apparent earnest ness as is exhibited on the tuba side. . . 2. That there is no co luslon between the President and his' friends who ap• plied to the Court for its intervention; that he and they ditlrr on this idiot, but so as not to disturb their cordial relations. In this view of the case, it Is easy to see he is wiser and cooler than they are. If the Military Government Act shall be, seriously resisted, either by the Supreme Court ..or the leaders of Southern opin ion, it is highly probable a feeling will be created in Congress and throughout the North which will demand the pas sage of the Confiscation Bill, introduced to ige House of Representatives, by Mr . SravEss, just before the adjournment. A &Suite • plan of Reconstruction has been submitted to the revolted States, and if they refuse to accept, stronger Measures will. folloiv. • —Tae question involved In the Military Government Act is purely political, and pertains. exclusively,tu Congress. The Supreme Court .Lao nothing to do with it, and will, doubtless, mind its own business. If the Southern people wish to be 'catered to their old places in the Union; the way stands wide open, and a few months will suffice to accomplish that end.. If such restoration is tinbor alnated by them to the exoneration of the rebel leaders from all disabilities, they ought to comprehend their contu macy will serve to make those disabili ties heavier rather than lighter. Ncw Yong is to hold a Constitutional COnventlen: The Albany .degus (dem.) insists the republicans oughr to nominate Fn nits Dornmses for member. of Iliatb . ody. 'The New Bork Commercial (T. Weed) replies: Frederick Douglass first, by a manly inspiration, emancipated himself, end then labored nobly tor the emancipation of his race. Now his true mission and his best ambition should.he to become a ruler among his own people. — With such a man in Africa might we not look tor the fulfillment of he promise that "Ethi opia shall stretch forth her hand?" Or in Ilayti; or St. Domingo, if his ambi tion should take such a direction, how much could he do to impnwe and elevate his race. Or, if, locating in Central America, he should draw.thence tens of thousands of freedmen, establishing there a reputgic, offering happy homes and re. numerative employment for all w. o fail. to had either here. What a rich reward and what a noble destiny awaits him?" Why send-Mr. DauuLass so far away, when four millions of -Lis own race are citizeus of this republic, as well as him self, and need his leadership for their benefit as well as for the advantage of the white population? The future of this nation depends in con4derahle de gree upon the course of the black, and hence it would seem to be folly to expa tiate the best and ablest among them: Savenea. gentlemen who have never been in Russian Amerimi are voluble in descanting on its value and desirablen'ess. Enough or that sort have been heard. It anybody has been there, under circum stances to make his testimony worth anything, let him speak. Ch.lld Mu der la New, YorkL-Ilerrllde Reseletiolak The New. York Board of Health lies knowledge of more than thirty houses in that city wherein the solo business is the procuring of abortions. Four deaths of infants having been reported In one house, in a single day, Registrar Harris ordered an Investigation, and the inspec tor found the mansion lull of young and middle aged women from all parts of the 'country, all either advanced in pregnacy or suffering from operations which had but recently been performed. Here are toe rules of the house, as posted in every lodging room: 1. Ladies entering this institution for confinement are not allowed below the pet rl. , r stairs. 2. No visitors, male or female, allowed in the rooms. 3. Each occupant is expected to keep her rum in order, excepting wben diw- I led by sickness; such notice to he seat to tbs./bulimic. 4. All persons leaving children at this Institution can have uo farther claim upon them, and mu t never trouble the Madame for said children or as to their whereabouts. The Board of health is seeking power to'break up such establisbnicuts, which it dues nut now possess. It is said that the abortionists, being usable to obtain burial uermius for the infants which they slaughter, now burn Abe remains in fur. names. Brvznntieo to the secret Venting he twt:en Prussia, Bavaria and Baden, the Paris Temps rays; "There is no longer n nouthapd north in Giquiany. We are no longer in face at a Prusi.la of 20,000,000 of people, hut of 40,000,000, until, In the course of events, they became - 50,000,000. And that there may he no mistake as to the eXeIIMiTO Military character of thia pow erful agglomeration- , -that there may re main no doubt that It is entirely in the ' hands of Of. de Bismarck :and his royal master—we learn that an amendment having for its object the security of the fundamental liberties of the Get man peo ple, especially the freedom of the , press and the right of public meeting, was yes terday rejected by the Parliament of the North. It only remains now for the King of ID get the imperial crown decreed to hint, and to invite the Austrian Germans to take their seats to the German Parliament. This will he the crowning 01 the ndittqh" - A Women with a Livtag Fual o or lizard In her sr,„. ac h. The wife of Mr. Parker, who recently purchased au iA t t ere ,t i n t h e ,Apetnes ,, , atone quarr-i, ha's been made ,cognizant of the tep:',ble truth that she has within her stcrimeh a living snake or lizard. For tt.espast five years she has .suffered ake.ost everything possible for a human tning, and was supposed to be gradaally dying from consumption. Some two weeks since, a German physician from Lisbon, Linn county, being in town, was requested to make an examination into her case, to relieve her intense suf. ferings. The physlcian visited her and became at once sati•foel that their was a livinganimal within her stomach. On Thursday lust, tho starvation process was begun and continued for five days, little or us nouiisliment being taken. During this time the animist tepeatedly moved upward and into 'the throat, pro ducing terrible and almostiatal strange lation, and making it necessary to ad minister salt to drive it downward. On Monday last the attempt was made to dislodge the loathsome creature by placing a pan of heated milk near the patient's mouth and permitting her to inhale the steam. A poultice of onions and garlic was applied to the stomach, but through misunderstanding the on ions were cooked, and their strength thereby almost destroyed. The elper mem, however, was tried, but the ani mal moved up only' a short distance. The patient is greatly prostrated by her abstinence and terrible sutferiug, but an other effort will soon be rustle to relieve her, although it seems almost certain that the animal, whatever it is, has grown so large as to snake its. egress through the throat impossible. The ease is attracting.great Interest, and any new developments will be carefully noted for the benefit of our readers.—Anaeloso.. (Iowa) Eureka. Terrible Collation of Rome. A letter front Rome in the Journal des Debate says: "lore, through the effect of distance, the hero of_ Caprera has loot none nt his prestige.- Thai° who hurry to meet Lim. feel such confidence in his acts that they associate themselves with his projects without knowing what they are. • The Roman Gbvernment is causing a very rigorous surveillance to be exercised at the railroad station here, and the same course must he observed at the frontier*. Apprehension is felt for the sudden rip pearante of the man who but lately in scribed on his ;lag 'lloa.e is death.' It is unnecessary to say that what is dread ed by the Government is ardently de sired by the Romans. kly opinion is, that for the moment, these leers and hopes are equally chimerical. Brigand- age has assumed lar,e proportions in the provinces of Velletri aid Prosinoue, and Is even gaining the teigh: orhood of Viterbo. All the measures of precau tion adopted np in this day have been inefficacious, either because badly am celved or ill executed. Tim audacity of Le brigands is on the increase. They no longer content themselves with ex, taming Money front their victims; they exact besides aims and munitions. Ev ery day proprietors and farmers are in formed by mysterious notices that tee amount of their ransoms has been axed; and nobody dares to risk himself tar Iron Lis own house. This mate of things profoundly afflicts the paternal heart of Pius 11., one of whose greatest attitctioas is caused by the accusation, which he has always repudiated with tu diguati,n, tit allowing the pest of bri gandage to extend itself through the States. Re has lately again given the must severe orderifor its extirpation," CONSUUPTI9 CAN BE CUBED And Is bklng cured uteri dAY by persori vrh 'on the Rev. E. A. v !LSO N •N GREAT lIILMEDT FOIL CeNBUYIPI lON. The.i: who Lave used It Sr. rar•tcc constorolr to Istlfl to 14 F,llt merit, tad the wonderful run, It Eat performed when Sher ease wan eop_s.4 larldaa, A.l.l..tcltraT CITT Iltaaelk atom at Salm. (Pol •ph,nas JOHN • MEGRAW, Yaanhetnnt or and Wholnnate awl Udall Dealer la all Limy or Tobacco, Snuff and Cigars, aza.azoms arpartainwx.. TAMTAZIAigraVW°"'I4I7aa WANTS. WANTED.L-A young Lady who Las bad toarlderable e zruzlelace as book•lerper, .r.t. SITUATION AS 3001-KEEPER OR CASHIER. ■Cea Etre best of reference. •da re° Bon Cite Arsenal P. U. ant:etn WANTED-AGENT. A strictly reliable and snecessfel Life Inn, June Corerouy Is desirous of: esseb.isblng • on ere' Attenryfor one or enOre of the Western eountle. or rcoveylvanle, Inc:othog the city of Patel:we, Liberal terns ani extbralve eon- trot or the business offered. Coutptteut pereens invited to apply. Address F. O. Box 1031. I 'lp4orsu EMIR IV.S.NTED-AGENTS.! TILE BOOR MIXT PLF..UES EVERTBODY WOMEN OF THE per . Send fora circular. EMEItY.4 HOOTEM an4,7I NI Fifth street. 1 Ittatureb. BOTH HALE AND FEMALE. In every township hndhonnty, to sell &very 1r.,. ular w.k.lt t •otains fr. par.: retell pries va. , z ,d by Un nahhOoef.; 75 Third atrset. Pitthb.hh. GENTS.-1.000- WANTED,— MALE AND YEMALE.—The best donee T;l:`,"°4te°2"TZ:Vn al ..l°,'Mj a geg the field. Agents y find to competition. New: r.Ady—VAßltAirliT AND 011 K NAVAL COM MANDERS. Hy Hon. .1. T. Headley. In On.: handsome volume, Illustrated Send at noon' for term. arid territory. Address ; •• trtHstsll•T NMArkTALCOTT A r CO. Pa prf ?. n .. 4;.‘ HAVE REMOVED. FCALLUH BROTHERS ctrirgelegantand cc' .liaßittag. • No. 51 Fifth Street, A new line of a' I new sod deslrnble pattern. MEDALLION VELVETS, Velvets, Brussels, T4PESTIIr BR USSELS, A loge and choice Assortment or Piano and . Table Covers, lOQUITTI CUM lOSSIC RUGS Lill LIN endl meal= e es, TIME -PLY AND TWO PLY j Ingrains, And every variety or low Vaned Carpeting. McCALLIIM BROTHERS, Sl 3012122.25t - reot. natal CARPETS. OLIVER MUCLINTOCK & COMPANY. HATE JUST OPENED For the Spring Trade , 'Shelf Splendid A.uortsmatt or NEW CARPETS; '• • on Goths, Shades, Ste.. • - .A.itentloa to called to oar too Meek of ÜBBDIDBBED TABII AD PLUG covre Great Deeltne in Prices. Enritm..r3ELA,IPPPIUMEIT NEW CARPET STORI Just Oponing. • BOVA1111,110Si i & NO.- 21 YHVH STREET, SECOND 1114.903. • • We are now opening onr I . IBSTISTOCIC GOODS, embracing everything In the CARPE LINE, from the best 10-opean• and &merles mannteciorws to the commonest Remy Carp! A fop line OIL CLOTHS, . narriNus. WINDOW SHADES, RODS. HATS. STAIR HODS, and a complete snorts:mat at PIANO at TABLE COVERS. Sc. BOVARD. ROSE & CO:, • SiJUTS inaltZT. (s econd loon.) • i • mh=rvytd& ' over Gates s BeiPs.: rii+l ci 41 IEIO7 NOW ARNIITENG The Latest Purchase of the Sasso ITEM LOWEST PRICES 1510:47011:1 Irmirin VIV.A.XI ENGLISH AND AMERICAS Wilton and Velvet BODY' BRUSSELS, TAPESTRY BRUSSELE Best Two and Three-Ply Ingram; DILLIPMG ROOM, I.IIItIARIZ3, CILLALBES. ILSId DLlllisltk HAMM, Hall and Stair Carpets to Mate. W. ea' ow pa roW loony new Mod oho, panow, cAld we sof to tor .1" °ow/ ehnohm, LACE AND 111101TINGNAM CURTAIN WINDOW SHADES, Cheap All-Wool Two-Ply Carpel AT SLOCI PEI& TAED Carpet and Curtain UPHOLSTERY WORI 1131 PEOUIIy II !II BE? KURLAND & COLLINS 71 and 73 Fifth Street. Neat bolldlog to United Mato. Cast= Hot .0 Postoelem. reond floor. BARB & NIOSER, IWBrrlEiCrah /SLAT ASSOCI •TION Burt..lNG, N. 2 ••• • oT. CLAW. STIIEZT, fUTTSBUIttitt. Op,lel attettlos ftveo to Om dest=t_ . "s buildom of Coon aootto Lott pt 2210 24/1 •