r 7777,7773 .',,'-:,.:*:-,.''',,•. 17,,,-•,t•,,,.- • ' 4'4' PITT ty of Eirin, Erin, wen to an ton:anal fancy andf, fable, tee rescues it from yet the broad out :ter, and the general condition, am BEA je of history,:: ;lier woes, semi-civilised, -ars that the temper-' •;‘111kilk""` very much the tern- K to reran _ Lively, fickle, tree, °herons character' ;cruel, ingenious, her ancient' ' was brilliant and black, with gleams of splendor from a background of ;:,ferocity. Bet ruddy natives, with their t • clear skin.; nearly naked, letting loose to the lind their yellow looks, navigated her .tivers.andbaysivith their long, light boats of interwoven hides and osiers. A few herdsmen, writing the toils of husbandry, drove their flecks of , cattle through her woods add.bogsjAndostured them in her broad green meadows. ,But most , of,lier men were trarriors, who carried a variety of rude weapons; but always preferred the wirhatchet;fur its extemporaneous brit. limey _of ..exeentiod , - "Other weapons," with the old Chronialer,:" required some. little:time to be used; the sword has to be drawn, the bow to bebent, the dart to be aimed, but this need:Maly, to be raised for blow." This gesnitc_s for edged tools vat; -surpassed only by .'their unrivalled ;powerwith the harp and 'drum; and hei :•-birds, in those rude ages, rolled from their; • .;.•'''ranetallici strings 'those :wondrous "Irish Melodic," whose strains have never •C , t , Creased, and which, even, in those days of pioturesque freedom, wild 'and plaintive, pheti rounded, as if procally, "like the song of a nation that had -conquered." !••• Countless chieftains bearing the ambitions title, of king waved the sceptre sword over each his own little clan rand the supreme • • rank cif martial heroism, in the estimation _ of popular qualities, spread a sort of ~war= • ' like anarchy over the :land. So7olin3te • wete the territorial domains of ilia petty, kings' that, their ultimate formation - into - four minarchies„ gate rise to what were called great kingdomi. National custard at length placed over_all these crowns one' 'central diadem, whose wiper-entinence en trtied to the grand of Ki..-tyr of all !ritual:l. Yet • the 'turbulence and individnid (power of each of the subordinate sovereignties • rendered.•_the dignity rather . titular . than real;, and ..this king of kings was about es much a living •SYmbol• of the unity of thir-liiSh Celtic, race, as the con= troller of the" affniinot Ireland. • And the;.'lrik'Cluitch;:too; subieiment • to the,:•li4odUetion of Ctiristirmity,-Tas; gtth ifinfilsr.fteinritive freed*, ~COogre-. 1 lienal .l * - 4 , llldependenci: Early in the f '• • ••,nfelit,oS*ryi;.4,nririg, the:reign of ~ttie2.sini ef.l.o.44iciatand;St.„PStricitts," . orPittrie, cone Ireland` to the ,Chliauan faith. , ;As thicrWs insfarierclOthe develepumnt of `• the extended ilia-Repsdenk, the suprein/Ailitittirelide formed no: • Pitt offtilTitiVaiteploftlin apostle: e - doetilites" of St. Petrie and S,• f 4 :47 - 'lreland were primitively catholic ' bet not ' - !Vie Irish'Churcti, not only ignored •the supretnicy "of the ROMA tiara, but, beyond some honorary ascriptions or occa sioaal superintendencies; she knew no epii• copate at' home. Though•her spontaneous Chri4lanity had never': divided from any foreiga: communion, vet' Borne, gradually • increasing, in power. and :Impe.riousnetts, held her schismatic:4 The , graiid efforts made by the eeeleilia' 4titi...politicians of — the City of the Seven-Hills feeetiending, n universal sway, fontkin Ireland a truly protestanCresiataiiiii. • 'lt was not until live hundred years later, in the year of' -1074 4 PS:friable ! struck a blow at the spiritual independence , of Ireland...established by the first, and pre pared slit v* for the national subjugation, Elected ,friii.::ecelesisstlial Order by the chureb 7 46l:pe4le, eetifirrifed,billits king 'Of, his prienand!hy the president:king s of, all Ird ambitions of a 'uore organicand authoritative episcopacy, passed over to receive the ordaining hands • of Canterbiziy.and Of Borne. There was Something attractive in this foreign enno blement to the priestly. ambition of the. Irish clergy. The infection spread, and in lea than a centutya magnificent hierarchy was formed, organized into fall communion with the already etupendona system of Eu ropean papacy, and. looking down with contempt' npia the simpler orders of the primitive clergy of old Ireland. Bat -. 7 though,' from the hights of their four . proud_ sees, the archbishops of Armagh, . IJublinr: Cashel and Tuam poured their papal thundeisi the primitive independence both in church and state still maintained a • firm resistance. Rome growled in menacing disapprohation at the reprobate christianity of the-obStinate isle, that declined her pal lium, disowned her tiara, and withheld her Peter pence. ' It was the fatal destiny of Ireland, that is 1154„the throne of the Vatican was oc cupied-by the only . Englishman who ever interrupted the Italian succession to the vicarahro of Christ. Nicholas Brmdcapeare was a young' Saxon serf, whose boyhood was cheered in his own land by no omens of future greatness. Too lazy to work, 1 and too proud to beg, Nicholas, in default ri of every other capital, was bound to thrive ~55..„.„ by his wits. He went to France, and then to Proven - cc, wheroldi merit •and address j . raised him successively to the offices of .;cl , ...priorandabhot: • Envious of his promotion, t his aubardinatea arraigned him upon some 1•• corn - paint before Pope Engenius, which had •c , , • the effect to bring his abilities under the . notice of the Pope, who dismissed the cora ':Plaint wills a hits impression of the char ' meter -of the accused. A second complaint and arraignment completed the fortune of Nicholas.. Th Yope, convinced that merit ,3 • , was his only virile, determined that promo , - don should be his only penalty. "Oo," 11 " I 'd theP • " lect another abbot; this 1 - Egglishman is henceforth Cardinal-Bishop ' •• of Albano." ' Froze that time beams the &trait° until he became the 'successor of Engenitis. The , promotion of the Saxon . serf to the, spiritual supremacy of Europe, '. -under the alias' of Adrian, boded no good-, _ to the ecclesiastical or political indepen ' dame of 'lteland: For not long had he rejoiced in his new dignity, when a depu tation arrived his Court from Henry 1L; •••'; King of England, requesting the sanction of the Vical. of Christ for the annexatirrn of Ireland; politicallySc his own diminion, ir spiritually to the domains of the Pope. a • The benevolent motives stated by the King for the- accomplishment of this .step of 4. , •• • "mariifest destiny," were well calculated • -'.to move the Anglo-Saxon' sympathies of Breakespeare, asatidl as touch.his spiritual • 4 "I ambition. To • convert Ireland 'from schism ;f-4 ,liy subjecting her to' the away of the Pon- Alff-.4-to'civllize'her by the benevolent ap. , • ';',...4-3illeation : .'of English -anthority—to teach . _...,,...1ier31ie-roored duty of paying the bounden g;.4en,Rg,..,t0 St.Pciter—what holier motive I • Anglc.faazo ever urge for "a troffalo ;struck the bargain, totho King #l4 following • ball, ' - • ishoP „ Servant of-Servants, ` iothiejnary3lear son in Christ Jesus, the ' llbriatiiotni, Xing of England, apcstelical greeting 'and .benediction - • ~ •• Thon haat communicated unto us, our very deaf son in J. C., that eon wouldet enter: , die -Istead ofMbeiniar subdue peoplitO the yoke of the laws, to root out from'. among.them the ' seeds of vice, and also to procure the paymant there to . the. blessed apostle Peter, of the annual • pension of a penny for click hello: Grant. • ing to this thy laudable. and pions desire the fievaiihieh it-merits; we hold it tic; i t If 1 .-,,.: ! s . m ot e , , thaksferstfie.. extension- of -Ale limits of the holy,,Pinr4nthA PrPpaga3 l ° D of the Christian religion, the eorrectieti l ef morals, arid the sowing of ..the seeds of virtues thee' make thy entraneo into that I island,. rind there execute at thy discretiOn whatever thou shalt think preper for the honor of God And the salvation of the country, and that the people of that mein try shall receive and honor thee as their sovereign lord and master, saving the righte of the churthes, which must remain untouched, and the annual pension of one penny per house due to the blessed Peter, for it iebeyond a doubt (and Ithe nobility themselies have nelthowledged it) that alt the islands upon which Christ, the Sun of Righteousness, has shone, and - which have been taught the faith, belong of lawful right to St. Peter and the most holy end sacred Church of Rome." Henry Plantagenet, King of England, to whom was granted by the Popothis owner ship of a country belonging to neither, was the greabgAndson of William the Conquer -or, of England; and the fifth of the Norman line of Kings, alltrue eons of the Church, genuine robbere, and full-blooded French men. The see of this Henry was Richard, Costar de Lion, who in all these three re spects was their very , special ditto. When Henry 11. was in Wales, a. countryman saluted bins in the English ,of the time, "(l o d e olds kynge ;" but the English King did not know the English name of his roy alty without an interpreter; nor is it pro ' table that the nix first Nonnawsovereigns Of England: , could speak ne English sen tence. ~ As it was under the apeeial Boeotian of him Holiness, the. Pope; that William first appropriated Engld l ,- ,:t was natural that when Henry enntiligeplated a similar acquisition of Ireland, litalrould seek the some dirine enthentieatikis: ' But. the doc ument by which this nmeelficent piracy was sanctified, of whielswe. have given a Part copy above, for scunklears lay inert. -Troubles of various kincis*dered Henry incompetent to accomplish?ms sacred mis *ism of WA conversion.Ct • ' Henry was souse yearn Subsequently in Aquitaine ' . Southern France, whewan event occurred which resulted in the con quest of Ireland for him, rather than by him. A wild, warlike looking Celt pre sented Inersalf its the Kin Vii presence, an nouncing himself as BOaled, King of Leinster. With the lawless gallantry of the times, he had abducted from her husband, a Willing captive, 'the fair Devorgil, wife of the:King of Leitrim. Under the sanction ofO'ConnosiVeg of all Ireland, he had been invniit. e. deprived of his mistress, dePosea's2.-trzinillis throne', end banished from blie,Mielitirr- Henry saw at a glance theithiOtirfus a anitabla protege for hie' ' systpsd'hy, end a fine instrument for the' .inecomplahment of lamipostolie mission. Keeeiiing Dennoire.Srenge for his native kingdom; Henry come:assigned the Prince to rally volunteers in England for its ;re (4) 0' 14 If the fair DeVorgil was` the Helen el the longlliad of Irish woes, Richard Strsing bite, Count of Pembroke, a Norman knight of•western Wales, was the Achilles of Irish -couquest. Engaged by . Denied, under . premise of receiving ill marriage his daughter Eva, the heiress of Leiratcr, Strongbow sent over a small body oft Norman knights and eoldiery, who made their landing on the Irish coast. What could naked hordes of .Irish axemen awl slam:nen do against the brazen chivalry of Normandy ? They hurried from the field, and gathering into the town of' Wexford, found - °iv walls their only defense. So few were their Norman assailants in num b'er, that their defense would have been entfielent, but the warriors for England and the Church had an ally within the Walls. The Romith Bishop of: We:find was mindful of his arable allegiance , his church as well as his country, . be -prefer:cm:lsta be . false to Ireland that. he might be true to Item". Ao preformed Piety petrimism,„mid opened the gates .of. %Asa do the inviaer; and England liist4liafboting then gained. Such wan :the:rriaphlity of victories after this pint, that Derniod soon aspired 'to the crown of all Ireland. Strengthened by reinforcements from his son-in-law, Strong bow, his victories were etill-more rapid, until Strongbow himself arrived, bringing a mighty force. The death of Dermod rendered Strongbow the King of Leineter, and the defeat of Roderic-of Connaught, King of all Ireland, was opening before hint die obtainment of his father-in.law's desire eltelsland Crown, r - -(t,hall Pembroke indeed, be King . of all4reland ?" mutter ed Henry the Second, King, of all England, las the news of Strisngbow's triumphs reached hiscare. Ho forthwith issued a decree, commanding his subjects to abandon Strongbow, and prepared in his own-person to visit Ireland. The most abject submission of Strongbow, and the entire surrender of every conquest into his royal possession, won a aantemptu one mercy from Henry, bat prevented not his projected visit. . 1: And there were friendf and allies of Henry in Ireland, who only needed his presence to make the conquest ready. The Romish bishops-had already assembled at Armagh, and made a preparatory movement in his Mina. After his royal arrival, a second synod was held at Cashel, at which the, legate of the Pope was President, at which all the bishops . signed a fennel re cognition of the sovereignty of Henryover Ireland. At a tethemptent 'plod the bull olAstrian was react with great solemnity; hand the next year, O'Connor sent the I archbishop of Team 3o do homage, in his name, to. Henry, to acknowledge that he held the Irish crown at is hand'', and to confirm Henry's right, to mid to hie other titles, that of "Lord of all Ireland." ,The full realisation of this title through -1 oni the island was for centuries incomplete, I and amnia onr own day we have seen it not undisputed. When upon the rise of the RefOrmation, Engl and embraced the doitrines 'of Luther, Ireland made her cholde of a religion front motives of hatred to her oppressor. It was a sinffieient re commendation of the Papacy to her, that England had abjured it. Political, ethno lorical andreligurus feuds then all combined to render all union of the heart between the two Countries forever impracticable. England, professing a democratic element in her constitution, rules her sister isle I with the absoluteness of a despot; and holding a creed which acknowledges' the right of private judgment, persecutes it slater religion with all the bigotry of an -inquisitor. On the other hand, Celtic Itelind execrates the Flaxen and the Pro testpt ; yet for ker vassalage to the Saxon she-bey thank the Celt, and for her sub jectitrist.to the Protestant the Pope.-- 4 4rellawin's Literary Mi scel lan y. GAZETTE. of Ir*ad. - DARED PEACHES-46 Lafor sale by ds6 . A. MeCLURO A 1:M. CLISES.F.-- 1 0 las. ilezleys caltbrabed Darla= anetNatmea• Chore, Oda day re. 0..4 tad for We by at trim(t MrCIANDLEeIa. '~C '"~✓" S~. .-:'4-).,tP.:,,1., .f.,.:',';,•:7..•:7.,.. QALESATUS4O tone Puldd, 'in casks la and boas., Or aria by R. VALLI:LI. a CO., deg • Liberty street. 4REESE—Zt) bur p o t d me ern . Checee; 1 ,tote sad far oale DAusix a 00.14,44). 4 VILAIR CUSHIONS-2 doz. IndinThibber and Melnf.& Ctudelona: of dliThrestatiaM.J.d d said Tor sal. at N. 11G nuke. ot.coma M isafitloikTtf;4, fur aro6y WICK • iIeCANDLE3S. 'MIMED OLL-19 bbls. r sale by den i o n CAN /1 LD. 'EI KESS TEAS-25 hr. chests Y. Ilyson, pd b . Leibtsto Gan Pol.der, litrallftlDOEit 0111:1X. 1101.1.1.1EADS & BODIES—Just sued, sat ssx,rtesszt bletts Untant Don Um& and &Ulm etruutt stus;tar wbolW.ad rl4l bj may,' U. rUI3.IIP.S. ZIS Hark: • • EFINED . SUGARS - -2 LIU. Crushed, "I' "A_ .. ' 4 4 7 "'"'d; r d2 " rtstl. .., "7 1 ,,,H 15 , t .p 14. : • I :7 "*. Cold Weather liii s Come.. = • • VONT FORGET riESTER'S Emporium 1.0 14,1 '. and %Vb. eady Wad: CLOTILINO. stmly gdous. No. 71 liraltb11•1/1 .hoot.' tlol6 now Ifloroond pLACK SILK LACES— .L A. Alefiort & oteo Ude =analog 10 callow of Mack 8010 am. of all qualities and loldtlio. oe2l . II h OME MADE BLANKETS.--.Meavur L Boarannrao Lave thla day roe'd a larCa lot or Mo. nor onto tank Blanket. Velrf heap db. 4-1 n Into home wane FLANNELS. Ncrrtbnot not nor of Vonrab and Mar tot oto. nol New Goods—U.lrd Supply for the Season. URPIIy s. BURCHFIELD commence gri n ,i i :. l 4 lll. , , J Oilt their TH.IILD fillrl . LY:o I Naw ety.le ]aria Ribbon., ' eashertere, Velvet. end Bilk Searfs, end tntleue (Aber Goods will be, open toder. ,ea-Northeset manor of Fourth and Market areas. unto 4;I,IIAVILS! SIIA)VIS!—Now opening at tadtii,"a""'";.f LANKETS !---Now on hand over 850 pre. ca Amerin.Nniee, amt ?renal , or A-1, 10-1, 1g d 1/1 riainaeal engin ant doable Al 4, y e, , , menpicie moormicrit at Crib and Cradle Itionlota A. A. MANLY A CO., nob MI and Al Market et. il l INTER GLOVES—Now in stare, a cum Onto quolortotont, ottopttolos Cress sotietz, I • lutric. to S 5 pot' salt. • A. A, /SAWN A 60., non f 7 and 451110tt0.t rtroot a IT.EAM BOAT COUNTERPANES—We - hays on esmeinnmsnt • h.= ..P. lot of C 0...... w eh we will cell tatter the coot of untnaheturs. n 613 . ' .A. A. lIABON A 00. INDLOWBBER CLOTIIING—J net reed, 24 Hamer.' Coate, Iva= 24 Pr& , llMaine Cape% with dearer. 21 pair PantAL de •• Long Marina= • na .• not Je % 24 Heenan ckstr, With • complete maattment Of Clamant stiles= ILHA•nd Cam to suit. J. • 11. PHILLIP.% nol3 - . No. 116 Meek= At. PLAID SILKS—WA have on band 30 pee. Plaid 711ke, brilliant robot __A. A. 21'4'14. More AMES A. McKNIGIIIT, N 0.62 Fourth ht., 3heir tortured hie wrinod tenet, of Fall 164 Winter .11 otals the majority of width haring been purnhawat at the Into. auedon 611611 is the rmrtem villas. doting MN Cis • Perim Loan Shawls, very