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THE SGRANTON TRIfiUNE-SATURtfAY, MAY 31, 1902.
4
X
IS IT POSSIBLE TO
George II. Hull, In Knptlncorlnic Ms.ailne.
MAXV articles lave recently aptioaroil In
the tire dl-irilng; tin ttircattiicd ill
Msrstnn of DrltWi manufacturing trmlo
to utlier iouiitilr. Nn ono of llicfc liai
lilt the nail o squarely upon the head, a jUiat of
Itcnjamln Ta1or, ol tlla'Rrtvvy rtitllleil "'How
Trade UnlonUm AfToits llrlthli Iwlualtlei." Mr.
Tavlur make It dear that the all-pervading
htl'clit to ItrltWi Imlmlry U the development l
trade, nnloni upon the conll oiling principle ol
"restriction ol production,", ami that tills I'm
ron out of the vv tclciipi end belief In the tale
theory of ogr-produttlon.
lie cites the Met that In America ami Gey.
mam- & workman may alimiltnncoivly "lend
aevcial machines! lint ho often tends two, throe,
or even ah whereas In llrltaln. If a union
worker dare attempt lo, tend more Ihan rne
tiiathlnr, he Is lnotiRlit lieforr hi dltrlct torn
mlttcc, leiirlmandcd, and heally fluid. Many
Instances are cited nheie the nnlon workman Is
limited In the amount ot Individual product to
one-halt, one-third, end one-fourth what a non
union worker will caUy produce In the nine
time. One cae Is tiled wl-erc a union worksr
vv.n allowed lo turn out but oiHwIxtlr, and an
other but one-twellth, what a non-union vvoikcr
easllv produced. Certain tiacles are mentioned In
which the restriction ot production Increased un
til the trades were driven entirely out ot Drituin
Into Germany and Belgium. Mr. Taylor rccog
iilws that Hi the preent time, "the (treat object
In American production Is the saving of labor,
while "the great tbject In Brltlah trade-union
liroriiii tion Is the dissipation of labor." Ills ar
ticle clones with the following sentence: "Mean
while the conditions of International competition
will not be cmnllwd until In America, trade
unionism lias developed ns It lias In Britain, ard
such development, If one may read the signs of
the times, has already begun."
Mi.ilt this false belief be allowed to propagate
In this country and rust Its blighting Inllueiicc
upon our liicluMiies? Already the most pofnt
factor in liiftumclng woit'crs to "nurse their
johs," limit their pioductlon and Join In stilkcs,
is their growing btlicf that over-production is
t)e cause of industrial dcprcions; that if all
lie producers trp fully and continuously em
ployed, it will sooner or later result in over-production;
that over-production would deprive
many of them ot work, whereas the curtailment
of production, brought about by union regula
tlons and strikes, presents or postpones such
ruulti. , ,
The harm this mischievous theory lias done in
Britain, and is commencing to do in America,
U sufficient to Justify the most extraordinary
mns to combat its spread. The great daily
newspapers, the United States Labor commis
sions, and the leaders of labor organizations
throughout the country should by lesearcli satisfy
themselves of the truth, and then proceed to cm
ploy every possible influence within their power
to convince the whole nation of that trutli.
The fact that most people believe that the ec
iiitmilation of unsold goods is caused by "over
production," or by tliat twin anmirdlty. "under
consumption," I not to be wondered at. On its
face the theory teems to be self-evident, just as
It seems to be self-evident that the sun rises ami
'sets. But there is no moic truth in ono than
In the other. Their plausibility s what makes
these terms co deceptive and mischievous, and
probably no other popular en or ha done so much
liatm in the industrial nations ot tlyr w-oild.
Political economy is not a "dismal science;" it
'embodies nothing but every day business com
mon scne, and every man engaged in any gain
ful occupation should understand its fundamental
principles, which are very simple and perfectly
obvious when mideistood.
WHAT IS PRODUCTION ?WU AT IS CONSUMP
TION? The political economists admirably define pro
duction as follows; "Objects cannot be cre.itd
by human means; nor is the mass ot matter, of
which this globe consists, capahlc or increase or
diminution. All that man cm do is to ic
produco existing materials under another form,
which may give them an utility they did not
before possess, or ineiely enlarge one they may
have bctoie picscntcd. Wealth is produced,
'whenever value is added through any act or any
process" For example, the ocoss of collecting
natural products is called farming, or mining, or
hsliing. The process of chemical or mcehinieal
ihangc which fits them to satisfy the various
wants of man is called manufacturing. The act
of tiansporting them and placing them within
tlio leach of the consumer Is called commerce.
Kith act or piocc-s which adds to the utility ar.d
exchangeable viluc of matter Is "production of
wealth." A mahogany log in u West India for
est is relatively of small value; delivered in
London or Xew- York it is relatively of large
value. The acts of chopping it down and trans
porting it to a tnarkrt'just as much production
ffiiSiife'SS'diiS A' A'..
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'44.-f
ot wealth ns the voluntary process ol nature In
producing the tree.
.Iu"l os production Is a creation of utility ami
value, so consumption is a destruction of utility
and value. Food Is ronsupieil by eating It) ro.it
Is consumed by burning It; lumber, stone, brick,
and Iron ore comumed by mlng them In tha
manufacture or construction nf thlnsts 'desired by
man. Houses, ships, machines, clothing, and
untonsIN, art consumed by wearing them nut.
Take the article of milk os an lllusl ration l
Delivered In cans on the faun, It may be worth
2 cents per quart; delivered at the railroad, depot
in a city. It may bo worth ;l cents! delivered to
the mcicliaiit It may be woith 4 cents; delivered
tu the residences ol llic'cltlzcns. It may be worth
10 cents per quart. If Ave thousand quarts of
tuilk had been consumed on the farm,' it would'
have been a consumption ot ffm In value. If
onsunied in the city at the residences ot citi
zens, ll would have been a consumption of VJOO
in value, although the same quantity was in
volved In cither case. By the process ot farm
ing, $100 of exchangeable value was produced;
by the acts of commerce, IJ1O0 of exchangeable
value was produced.
In short, creation of value, utility and wealth,
is production; destruction of value, utility and
wealth Is consumption, When theiefore the
words production or tonsuinptlon are used In
this paper It must be understood to mean pro
duction of wealth or consumption ot wealth,
rnoDucTiON is criiatio.v or rowr.ti to
uuv.
The theory ol oicr-productlon fs founded upon
the belief tliat by the introduction of machtneiy,
improved methods, etc., it is possible for man
to produce more than man Is able to buy, or
more than man dcsiics to acquiic. Let us
analyze these, propositions.
Is it possible for man to pioducc more than
man Is able to buy? The members of an uncivil
Joil tribe who each, produce only what Is ncccs
farlly consumed In the dally maintenance of ex
istence, pos.c-s nothing with which to buy tho
products of otheis. While ruch conditions on
tinuc,' wealth and bujing power do not exist in
that community, end I lie 'lincrent members ot
Hie tribe can only exchange personal services for
personal services. Rut when each member of tho
tribe produces something ot Milue in excess ot
dally necessities, something desired by iinolh-r,
then each has something with which to buy
the products of others and the production of
wealth, the creation of buying power has com
menced in that tribe. In oilier woid, piod-icts
aic hu.ving power; money is only the medium by
which products are c.xthanged.
Money is a rcccssity to modern civilisation,
but unfortunately Its use obsciues or distorts in
dustrial facts. Produced, especially wage-workers,
arc apt to think their comfoits would be
doubled if their pay was doubled. To analyse
this, let u suppose that at a given time the pay
of all peisons engaged in any gainful occupa
tion be doubled, while pioductlon remain? the
same. Is It not tlear that Inc cost of everything
would be doubled, and that tath one with Iris
double pay would be able to buy only as much
as he did befoict On the other hand, suppose
that the pay remains the same to each, and that
at .t given time by iinpiovcd machinery or other
wise, the productive foitc of each worker be
doubled; is it not plain that the cost of every
thing wouldNbo reduced one-half, and that cith
one, on the same pay, would be able to buy
twice as much as befoief Tho only practical way
to double the lcvvaid to wcrkeis, is to do'ible
their (uoducts.
W. Stanley .levons saj: "It is iihsuul to up
pose that people can become lifher by having
less liches. To become richer wo must make
moic llehes." Furthermore, wealth accumulates
only when production exceeds consumption. Tho
ninety-four billions of wealtn which existed in
the-.United States in 1000 was simply the ioult
ot an accumulation of piodurts an accumulation
of ninety-four billions of exchangeable values
ninety-four billions of buying power. Theie can
be no year, month or day, when the value of pro
ducts is not exactly equal to the bujiug power
which exists in those pioducts. Hence it is not
possible for mankind to incicisc products, so
rapidly or greatly that it would exceed the
ability of mankind, by pin chase or barter, lo
acquire from ccth other all of thoc products.
THF, DKMAXD FOIt WHAITH IS MM1TM-SS.
I it possible fov man lo pioduce more than
man desires to acquire?
Theie is no limit to human ileslre. l'.very man
who owiis a factory, a house or a vaciit, would
like lo-own a larger or a better one. Tlio man
who controls a bank, would like to luiilial n
number of banks and a number of tiu'-l com
panies; having gained these, lie would like lo
txintrol great railroad stem, steamship lines,
coal mines and manufactoiics; haviuir galusd
these in one country, he would like to control
them in all countries. Man's desires lntreace with
. A A 4s $ & & & "J8 4"
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..if;;ft
OVERPRODUCE?
his successes. Whatever one man achieves In
wealth and powet, others will dcjlre lo achieve,
and will strive tor. The average weillh of the
Individual In Ihls country has Increased a thou
sand per cent. In less than a century, and no man
Is yet so gorged with possessions, tnat lie de
sires no more. If In lime the poorest el the land
live In the luxury In which the richest now live,
there would stltl be a desire for more wealth.
There are hundreds ot millions of people in other
lands who have not even commenced to produce
wealth. Not one human being In twenty on thlt
globe has today what might be called the reason
able, tomforts of life. If every man on the earth
owned a palace, a yacht, a private car, and all
corresponding tomlorts and luxuries, lie would
stilt wish more and strive for more, and there
would Mill be more to gain.
Tie luxury and comfort of today was not
concclvrd of a century ago, nor can the human
mind today conceive of what will be rpgtrdid
M the obtainable, luxuries and comforts a hun
dred years hence. The desire to possesa wealth
and power is a natural Instinct, implanted in
min'a breast'hy his Creator, It is this' Instinct
which brings civilisation out of barbarism. It is
this instinct which moves the clvtllted world,
TWIN ABSURDITIES.
Tho difference between periods of prosperity
and periods of depression, is chiefly in Hie amount
of constructive enterprise; or In other words,
chiefly a decrease in the production ot permanent
wealth, such as bouses) railways, canals, etc.
This decrease id not caused by over-production,
or lack of power to buy, or lack of desire to ac
quire. History shows that the check lo ion
struction has alwaj.1 occurred when prices wen,
abnormally high; prosperity greatest, and i.tockp
of materials abnormally low. Lot us illuslratt
this by applying the test to a period so recent
that the truth must-bo plain to every one.
Between September, 1808, and December, IS).!,
the production of iron In tho United Slates In
ci eased from a late of 1011 to a rate of li'l mil
lions of tons per annum. This enormous increase
of production ciused no accumulation of unsold
lion; on the contrary, the stock decreased from
(WO.noo to 131,000 tons. Now note the difference:
During tho eleven menths which followed, tl.e
pioductlon decreased to a rate ot tl'.i million
tons per annum; the stock of unsold lion in
( reaed lo 720,000 tons and immediately the cry
of ovn -product ion was raised all over the roun
tiy. What an absurdity, to cry over-pioduetion
of iron when the country was actually producing
leu it on by l,J00,ono tons per annum than It was
one year before, when there was no accumula
tion. The atcuniulition did not occur when pio
ductlon was greatest: It occurred when (produc
tion had been gicatly reduced. It was the .mder
production of constructive enterprises which
caused the atcinmlation of iron, as it, did also
the accumulation ot all ithei constructive mate
links. The same tinth was Mill moic signally
dcmonttiitcd in 1001, when, in this countiy the
pioduitlon incicascd to the largest late ivcr
known, and stocks of matcriels decreased to Ihc
smallest amount on reiotd.
Uach peiiod marked by the accumulation of un
sold goods in this tountiy for a renlury, has
been u period of small pioductlon. lll.-toi y shova
no Instam e in which a period of laigc production
has been maiked by the accumulation of unsold
goods. It is the unuatuial stoppage of produc
tion, in one or moip branches of industry, which
causes the accumulation ot the material) which
would otherwise have brcn con-tuned in tho-e
blanches of industry. Kighl times within kpv.mi-tv-Jx
vcars this i.t.natur.,1 stoppage of maximum
production lias oec lined when finances were most
prosperous, when stocks of niateiials were .it tho
lowest point, and when pilecs wcic abnoinially
high.
The Htial! stock.- caused the high prices. The
high prices stopped tl.e construct ion. The stop
page of construction caused the accumulation i.f
mateiials. Hence each and nil ot these misfor
tunes tould ha-o been prevented, If the country
hud simply produced and stored up an adequtte
re-erve stock of the.se materials, dining the dull
peilods whitli ptPi,Icd e.u-ii boom.
Under consumption is another absurdity. Its
litcinl meaning is "loo little rieUiuctiun of
wealth." A rcitaln amount uf consumption is a
nccessitv lo the maintenance of life and to the
production ot oilier things of gieater value. lint
nil consumption in eic-s of what is necessary to
bring about the mo-t desirable lcsidt, is waste.
Large sihs ot pioducts aie lo bo desired, and
laige sales me most certain lo be rralired when
iver.voii!. pioducc largely. But to wasle, ia to
destroy buying power.
Tl'.Ml'ORAKV Sllti'l.lS I'KODL'lTKiV.
All gleat authoiitles agree that general over
iui!ue;io:i is an iiuprssibility, though many ad
mit that over-piodiution in cue or mole articles
fiequenlly occius. I take issue with all who
male this admission; I claim that tiue excep
tions aie not cases of "over-production," but
fr 4 A 4- & &
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4
t
must be
Tribune, to be paid for at tho
A subscriber s subscription
simply cases of lempoiary surplus production (
and thai temporary turplus production Is not
only natural but that it l neccisarr (o min'i
comfort and welfaie. Rome time In the past,
man discovered that tho earth yielded Its food
products during short annual periods which ret
now call harvest, and that If he wohld enjoy
these products continuously, lie must Rather end
store tip of the surplus during theso periods, suf
ficient to Mllsfy hN wanli until !h net harvest.
This was man's flrtt lesson In learning that tem
porary surplus production wa a necessity to bis
oomtort and welfare, and was not "ovsr-produe-tlon."
Over-production Is teim which ihotitd
never be applied to the production of any useful
or desirable commodity, which can be preserved
and carried to a place cr time when It will sure
ly be needed.
Only a few yean iga there were masons when
the receipts ot fruit In alt large clttca were some,
times so great within a few days, and the prices
were forced so low, that the fruit ecaiccly
brought the amount of the freight; and in tome
cases isrge quantities went to decay for want of
demand. This in turn discouraged thiptnerts,
and then would succeed a season of great scarc
ity. It took experience and many years ot loss
to teach man how to rectify this condition. Dut
finally It was accomplished by the establishments
of cold storage warehouse, where frulta were
kept in a temperature at which chemical thang
ceased, and thus these products were preserved
In a perfect condition for months. The result is
Ihat the pilces of such products are now more
uniform and stablv, the public is more regularly
supplied; the profits of both producers and deal.
ers aie uniform and more remunerative, and both
the production and consumption of these artleles
have been greatly augmented. It was temporary
sinphis production of fruit, before it was brought
under Intelligent control, which caused the ir
regularity. In our Ignorance we called it over
production". It was np,t overproduction I It vvaa
trmporary aurpluj production which, despite
man's slowness to appreciate It, unerring nature
persisted in thrusting before his notice until he
discovered that this temporary surplus was the
one and only thing out of which It was posslblo
to create regularity in both supplies and prices.
Fo we find vegetable", egs, butter, fish, poultry
nnd many other perishable articles, getting the
benefit of an intelligent system which , hrlngs
regularity of supply out of Irregularity ot pro
duction, As man masters the art of dealing intelligently
with th temporary surplus production of each
article, we hear no more of over-production in
connection with that allele.
Cases of temporary surplus production arc a
necessity of growth and progress, and will only
cease when the business of the country ceases to
Increase and develop. In colonial times, every
nail produced was hammered out by band. Xo-v,
by the aid of machinery, one man will turn out
a thousand times as ninny t.nlls as in colonial
tla.vs. During the Interim, the temporary in
equalities between the supply nnd demand hive
many times required to be adjusted to each oth
er. We have had, in other words, frequent teni
poiary binplus production of nails But In the
end the nails have been consumed. None l.ave
been deslio.vcd for went ol a nnrkct, and hence
we have had no over-production of nail. The
fact that such Inequalities have always ocr-med,
and will continue to occur, pimply oinphal7.os
the importance of making some logical and
neee-sary provision lo tuin dull seasons to profit
when they do occcr.
VK MUST nil Gl'lUKD HV XATI'UT.'S LAWS.
While it Is tine that over-production is not
an admissible propo-ition, it is also true ihat
supply nnd demand for any one thing rarely lie
skivcs nn eqiillihiiiiui foi any greit length cf
time; nor can it lie cvpertcd that nature or art
will ever airivc at n:ch perfection as automatic
ally to provide pioducts exactly where and -vhen
th"y are needed. Hut by nesting the modern
vhtem of transportation and by inangin-atlig
the piesent syiem of rold storage, two long
strides bam been taken in this direction. Xcither
of thee Ftiidcs would have been pomlble but for
the existence of temporal- -surplus production
ono of nature's wic-3t slfls to man. Vet another
long stride forward will be taken when the ro
duceis of staple commodities, like coal, iro'i,
steel, tin, copper end lead, leali." that it is sta
bility in piicei which will give them gioalost
wealth. Some think this stability ran now be
brought about by the gieat combinations; and it
can be, if they will be guided by nature's lvv.
But if they attenpt to accomplish it by shutting
down mines nnd furnaces and leitricting produc
tion when demand Is ninll, the ro-.intiy will con
tinue to suffer from abnormally high pi ices wh"n
demand is large, and it will prove a cn.tlv fail
ure. To waste the labor and the facilities to pro
duce the gicat staples to full capacity i-i dull
times, when it i certain they will be In tsioit
demand In active times, as Talle.vr.ind fays, "is
vvor.'o than .1 crime; it is a blunilei." This i
true because, whenever scarcity in the supply of
any important rnininodity foices the pilce nf br.t
commodity up to the point of restricting its use.
It is simply nature reminding us thai there his
been too little temporal- surplus production and
sloiaae of that aiticle in tho pist. Indeed the
lime Is not far distant when the cry of over
pioductlon applied to any useful article, in any
country, will he leconln-d as an evidence of a
lad; of knowledge, forolhotu-ht and wisdom on
the pait of the people nf lint counliy, in taki-ig
c'jie of tempoi.uy fuiplus products vvhn they
can be bail, for ne during periods when tho.v
cannot be had. Both nature nnd ait give their
product to iinu in a disproportionate manner,
not tu be vvjstecK but tn be- intelligently cared
foi ; and if lie dues not so care for them, l.c is
ccilaln to sutfer for his neglect.
Since the dawn of civilization the Importance
nf riming vp stoek-s of such lhliizs as were ncccs
hary lo the life, defense and well. being of mm,
has bieii recognlred b.v all nations and all peo
ple. The Scriptures, fiom Onosls to Itevelation,
abound in accounts of the Immense storehouses
and store cities bnllded and maintained by the
gleat nations t ancient times. They not' inly
gatheuil In tho months of Inrvest siiHii-lent to
mpply the people until the next baive.t, but
they storrd rp In je.irs of pl.-nty sufficient to
provide for .vcirs of famine, This wise proislon
lankid first In inipoi lance in nil temnoinl alfairs.
,1k this one of the last arts? Verily what Thomas
Arnold wrote .vcars ago, is still (rue; "Whit Is
called ancient, history, is the most truly inuclrn,
tli most truly living, and the most rich In put
tied lessons for every succeeding age."
concm:sioss.
Thus we fee that the accuniulalion of uinold
goods Is not an evidence of too much product ion
nf (hat kind of good, but too little production
in other lines of business which ordinarily con
siitnn that kind of goods; that the only natural
limit to a people's power to acquire, possess and
enjoy maleiiil wealth, is their capacity tn pro
dme Ihat wealth; that pioducts arc in themselves
luiing power; that It is impossible to create
pioducts in excess of hujing power; that products
are wealth; that wealth Increases In the propor
tion that production exceeds consumption; that it
it impossible for wealth to incicato so luplclly,
or so largely, tliat it would exceed man's desire
to pcssacss it, or bis power to pay for it, Wc see
alio that If the country is to have the maximum
of piosperlty, it must have the maximum of pio
ductlon; that wc cannot become richer by pro
ducing less riches; that there cannot be ton much
temporary surplus production of an- useful ar
ticle which can be safely stored until the people
need that article.
The difference between tho poorcit nation en
the globe, and the richest, is simply a dlffciense
resulting from the difference ot production. Kvcry
day ot Idlene.s, every hour of loafing, or striking,
or "nursing a Job" Is a peimanent and Irrepar.
able loss to the producer, the employir and the
community. It is a tacrillco of something the
worker might have possessed, and can no more
be replaced than (he lost can be replrced. The
lutuial condition of man is to be at work, lie
vrlihes to earn, that he may buy. Winn willing,
competent workers cannot sectiro employment,
something It wrong with-the Industrial iiiacliln.
cry, and that wrong ii working Injury tu the
whole country, Nu obstacles should be allowed
to stand in the way of man's capacity to produce
to the utnioot, Nothing should be allowed to
stand In the way of nun's Increasing his com
forts, luxuries and wealth, except the natural
limit to his energies.
"
THINGS WORTH NOTING,
Compiled for The Tribune by Walter J. Ballard.
Mr. Carroll U. Wright dUcusscs In the Inde
pendent, "The Distribution of Wealth in the
United States." He give census ttalUtlcs to
(how- the Increase in the tangible property of the
country at its maikct value until It amounted
In 1900 to at leatt f!M ,000,000,000. He point out
the gains made In our money circulation, savings
banks deposits and other nniuclal conditions sluco
1SG0, lie declares that while It U true that the
rich aie glowing, richer, many niorc people are
growing rich and the poor are better nff, net
only ethically but economically, where there
are some wealthy men lather than where alt ate
poor. Tli dlitilbullon of wealth affects all cltjM
Uinstcail ot one alone.
"Here Is mete expansion, ami on this occasion
It la not of the commercial order. The pro luc
tlon of Marlon Crnwford'a play, 'Krancesca Ha
lllmlnl,' In Paris by Sarah Bernhardt proves a
great success. And this Is the first time tn
lecoid that a play by nn American has had Its
initial presentation In (lie Prtiu.li capital, What
la more, with Sarah Bernhardt In the leading rote
and acting In her own theatte It appear under
most fortunate conditions. Both actress nnd
theatre tank among the hlgbest, and neither
would countenance an American play were It iot
of the best. American art Is ccoting triumphs
which twenty years ago would have been regard
ed as hopeless." Troy Times.
"Officer l.otils Hansen, of the Koutlh pteclnct,
this morning received a letter Irom .1, Charles
Knudson, who went to the Philippine. Islands
about a year ago to become a teacher. The let
ter la dated March 20, San Ratios, l'n Claslnahi,
Wand of I-uron. Mr, Knudson says; "This Is
certainly a wonderful country with a strange
people, and I am glad to have seen them. This
town ot San Carlos Is about the lr.e of Cohoes.
I ant superintendent ot the schools, and under
me are eleven I'lllpino and three American
teachers. There arc eight schools and DOO pupils.
There arc 2,500 children In nil, 1,500 of vhl-h
have no clothes and arc unable to attend school.
I like the Klllplnos very much, but they are aw
fully Ignorant. However, the children are very
bright and ate. rapidly learning Kngllsb. I was
the first white 'man In San Carlos, and there tro
only four here now. There ere no soldiers here.
The town Is on the lallroad, about 1H miles
from Manila, and tt takea the train eight houra
to make the trip, .lust now wc are having an
awful scare here on account ot the cholera, which
is widespread, and the people generally clip in
about an hour alter catching It. 1 nvr Agulnaldo
last wepk and had a long talk with him. The
schools closed today for the summer. .tut now
la the hottest part ot the car, ami as there
has been no rain for three months everything
is very dry. 'However, the night' are always cool
here. In June It will begin to rain again, end
from then to September It will bo almost im
possible to get from one place to another."
Troy Times.
Tlio Northern railway, ot China, will be ic
turned to the Chinese officials on .lune 1 and
vvniked as befntp the Boxers' outbie.ik. with the
addition of a British military co-dlieetor and a
German and Japanese assistant director.
The I'niverslly of lYiim.vlvatila has grown
fiom 081 to 2,573 annual enrollment in twenty
ears.
CITY ORDINANCE.
FTlKFlJLECTOUNCIIi. NO. 12.
1901. As amended In Select Council.
Miiv 0, 1001. As amended in Select Coun
cil, July 11. 1901. As nincndcrl In Com
mon Council, AtiRtist in, 1901. A3 amend
ed in Common Council; August 22, 1P01.
AN ORDINANCE
Provldlne for tlio paving ol Washburn
street, between Sumner iivonno nnd
the westerly side ot Vim Buren ave
nue with the best quality ot Vitrified
Brick on a concrete base; also inovldln;?
for the pelting ot curb stones on said
street between the points named; pro
viding; manner of ussesslns nd collect
ing costs of said improvements, and itp
proprlatlns funds to pay for sunif.
Section 1. Bo It 'ordained by the Select
nnd Common Councils or the City of
Scranton. and It Is hereby ordained by au
thority of the same tliat "Washburn afreet
from Sumner nvoniic to,the westerly side
of Van Buren avenue bo paved v. lth the
best duality of vitrified bilcU on u con
crete base, nnd that curb stones be set on
Mild street between the points named so
far as the same shall be necessary. th3
cos.t of said Improvement to be as-sessert
against the abutting property neeordlnj:
to tho font front rule. Said ass-.-.3m?nt to
be payable In ten annual installments;
the space occupied by the trucks and sid
ings or the ScTiinlon Hallway Company
shall be paved with tho same material
as the sulci street through which It p,irs;s
and the io.t thereof ussoTyoil orrainst
the said company and deducted from th"
assessments equally on both sides of suld
street. .All ot said worlc shall b-3 clone
under the direction of tin Director of the
Department of Publics AVorUs. and In ac
cordance with plans and specifics lions
prepared for same by said Depaitment of
Public oiks., and on lllo In said Depart
ment. And tho Chief of the Bureau of
KnglneeiinK Is hereby directed to amend
the specifications In conformity with
nmendmentn made to this ordinance .
Bidders shall Mule pric-emt which tby
will contiact to keep the pavement In
repair for a period of live yeais. the pitce
of repairs not to be Included In price
cliai-sTcd for laylnp; pavement.
Sec. L'. Where new curhinir is rooulreil
or .old cut bins re?et. the pioperty owners
may furnish paid curb, imosi fiillino to
do so after ten d.iys notice, the same
shall be done by the city under contract
herelimltcr provided for and the cost
thcieof collected iiccordlns to the assess
ment with the first litallment of the as
sessment lietelmifter provided.
Sec. ;;. I'pon the p.issnpre of tlila ordi
nance unit the completion of the assess;
nient for said Impiovcments no hereinaf
ter provided, the Director of Public
Works shall adverllse for sealed pro
poaaN to do tho said pavintr and curbhip
as provided In .sections ono and two ot
this ordinance,
Proposals shall cover the entire work
nnd shnll state separately thn price for
siettlnjr or rescttlnsr riirlntoncs, the price
for pnvlng per square yurd which la to
Inch-.dfi the cost of Bradlng as nhown on
the profile of said Improvement In the
office of the Dopartment of Public Works,
and the price for keeping suld pavement
tu repair for live years.
Bidders shall enclose with each proposal
the sum of Ono Hundred Dollars, cash or
ccrtllled check, lis a Kiinnuilce to execute
a conduct for the work within twenty
days If awarded tho same. Tn case tho
bidder to whom the contract shall have
been awarded falls to execute a contract
within twenty days from the ditto of
award, tho One Hundred Dollatn cish or
certified cheek, accompanying; his pro
posal shall be forfeited to the City ot
Scranton. Tho City reseives the rlsht
to reject any and nil bids. I'pon the ex
ecution of tho contiact tho contractor
shall deliver to the City his bond in tho
sum of Ono Thousand Dollars, with sani
ties to he approved by the City Recorder
payable to tho City of Bcranton, nnd con
ditioned for the faithful performance of
tho woik.
Sec. A, At tho expiration of ten days
fiom tho passage of this ordinance, the
Chief Engineer of tlio Bureau of KiirI
neeiing of tho Department of Public
Works shall proceed to make tho assess
ments for said pavlnir nguluHt abutting
properties according to tho foot fiont rule
and shall eivo notice to all proporty
ownoifj of tho tlmo and pinto of mnkliiK
such assessments as provided by law.
Sec, 5. Immediately after the com
pletion of tho said work the Chief Kit
Klneors shall Die in otllcn of the City
Treasurer, a tlnul and correct schedule
of said assessments.
Sec. i). Said assessments ahull be pay
able In ten equal installments. The first
Installment shnll become duo mid pay
able thirty days after tho commencement
of the work and tho lurianco In nine equal
Installments thereafter. Said Installments
shall bear Interest at th rnte of six pei
centum per annum, commencing thirty
days after tho commencement of the work
until paid, hut parties may nt any tlmo
pity tho whole amount of tho assessment.
Sec. 7. The commencement and comple
tion of tho work specified In this ordi
nance 'shall bo the riato when the work
under proper contract Is actually com,
meneed and completed; and it shall bo. the
duty of tho Chief Engineer to certify. to
the City Trensuror nnd the City Solicitor
tho dato or tho commencement of tho
wot It unci tho date of Its completion,
which certificate shall remain on (le or
the Inspection of thn public.
Sec. 8, Immediately upon the execution
of the contract -for said work, the Chief
nnglneor shall certify tho schedule of as
sessments to the City Treasurer, who
shall notify the-owpers or leputed owners
by mall of tho amount of their nssoss
montn und terms of payments and Bitch
notice shall Includo this section of this
ordinance, If either of suld Installments
shall remain unpaid for two months, af
ter the same shall become due, tho whole
amount of the assessment remaining un
paid ahull theieupon become duo and
payable, and said unpaid assessment shall
Immediately be ccrtllled to City Solicitor
for collection according to law.
Sec, 10. On the completion of the work,
tho contractor shall be paid such sums as
shull have been paid on said assessments
In cush and tho balance shall continue to
be a Hen against said ubuttlng properties
provided the contractor shall liavo exe
cuted tho bond provided for In the Third
Section hcroof,
sSeo. 11. Tho Ttccnrdcr shall nominate
and with the udvtco and consent of tho
Select Council appoint a competent, prac
tical man to Inspect said work at a com
pensation of two dollars and fifty cents
ITCHING HUMORS
SPEEDY CURE TREATMENT
PRICE ONE DOLLAR.
Bathe the affected parti with hot water and CUTTCURA
SOAP, to cleanse the skin and scalp of crusts and scales, and
soften the thickened cuticle. Dry, without hard rubbing, and
apply CUTI CUR A OINTMENT freely to allay Itchingt, Irritation,
and Inflammation, and soothe and heal, and lastly take CUTI
CURA RESOLVENT PILLS, to cool, and cleanse the blood.
This pure, sweet, and wholesome treatment affords Instant
relief, permits rest and sleep, and points to a speedy, perman
ent, and economical cure of the most torturing, disfiguring,
Itching, burning, and scaly skin, scalp, and blood humours,
eczemas, rashes, and Irritations, from Infancy to age, with
loss of hair, when all else falls.
MILLIONS USE GUTIGURA SOAP
Assisted byCtmouRA Ointment, for preserving, purifying, and beautifying
tho skin, for cleansing tlio Bcalp of crusts, scales, and dandruff, and tha
stopping of falling hair, for softening, whitening, and soothing red, rough,
nnd sore hands, for baby rashes, Itchlngs, and ohaflngs, and for all the pur
poses of tho toilet, bath, and nursery. Millions of Women use CotiOORA.
Soap in the form of baths for annoying irritations, inflammations, and
oxcoriatious, for too frco or offensive perspiration, in the form of washes
for ulcerative weaknesses, and for many sanative, antiseptic purposes whloh
readily suggest themselves to women, especially mothers.
GUTICURA RESOLVENT CHOCOLATE COATED PIUS 25c.
Are a new, tasteleas, odorless, economical substitute for the celebrated liquid ConotJBa,
Insolvent, as well as for all other blood purifiers 'and humour cures. Put up In screw
capped pocket vials, containing 60 doses, prlos 25c. Ctmouni. 1'ills are alterative,
antiseptic, tonic, and digestive, and beyond -question the purest, sweetest, most
successful and economical blood and skin purifiers, humour cures, and tonlo-dlgestlTSfl
yet compounded.
Chtico Itinimii aroldthwuhootUi.8i'W. Beap,e.,OiHTKl!tT,t0e.,Fitu, Me. BttthhVaieii
SMJ, ch.rttrhoma ia-Loidca. J teach Otpoti t Bu da la Wi, pru. Poiiia Dauo Caaau Coaiw
Bote Prop.., Benton, U.S.A.
HE STARTLES
Prof. S. A. Weltmcr, the Great Scientist of Nevada, He., Through His
Science. Weltmerlsm Continues to Make Sensational Cures The
Cures Made by this Marvelous Method (Challenge the
Credibility of AH Bnt Eyewitnesses,
40-Page Magnetic Journal Froa.
PROP. S. A.
Vm Prof. S. A. "Weltmcr. the noted
Hclentht of NovndH, Mo., flrnt save to tho
world Weltmeri.sm, that scientific and ra
tional method, it wits looked upon with
coiiKlderahlo ylicptlelam. for tho world nt
largo could not comprehend that dlRCiiscs
ot every nature deep-rooted, chronic dis
eases, that had honied tho skill of tho
moat learned physicians, could he per
manently and swiftly cured by a method
that diet not ut-o drills or the surgeons
knife; hut now tho Indlsputahlo unci un
paralleled testimonials of thousands of
woll-known men and women proyo De
yond n doubt that Weltmerlsm will euro
when till else fulls. Men and women who,
have MilTered from oveiy dlseasr ImnKln
nblc - Rheumatism. Stomach Troubles,
Dyspepsia. Fomalo Tioubles, J.ost Alan
hood, Kpllepsy. DenfnesF, Blldnonss, havo
been made healthy and strong", with every
trace of dlseuso eliminated. While It Is
truo that tho cures uro made so rapidly
nnd In such a marvelous mannoi; that they
seem llko miracles, still there Is notlilmr
supernatural about this trcutment. It Is
slniplv based on natural laws and Is ra
tional und logical. Any man or vvoman
In the world who Is u sufferer nnd will
taku up n few minutes of their time to
wrlto to Prof, S. A. Weltmcr will receive
mtch convincing evidence that their weak
nesses nnd discuses under this crund
method, will Blvo way to RtronRth nnd
vigorous health, that they will not hesi
tate, hut will at onco take udvantaee of
this sclentlci method, which permanently
cmes chronic complaint.'-. The letters
which Prof. AVeltmor lecolves dally from
his ex-patlents are certainly tho moht con
vlnclnif proofs that lmve over been given
any tipatment. Take, for Instance, Air.
A. C. Oorrell, who Is nn enulnoer on the
St. l.ouls Southwestern Railroad and lives
at 1MCHI K. Sixth avenue, Pino Bluff, Ark.,
wiltes that for live years he had been
aflllcted with .Sciatic Tthoumatlsm. nnd
had tnken treatment fro mthn hest doc
tors attainable; also had taken many pat
ent medicines without any beneficial re
Mills. Ho then entered the Tyler Hos
pital, whom his form of Sclutle Rheu
matism was pronounced Incurable. For
two und one-half years he was only ablo
to work one-half of the time, nnd for four
pinuths continuous he could not work nt
nil, Ho read of Prof, AVoltmer's treat
ment, but had no faith In II until he met
some friends that hud been cured thruutth
.Wcltmoi'ism. He bean the Wcllmer
treatment at 5 p, nt. on October 10, and
in fifteen minutes was pronounced cured
and since that time has not had an ache
or pain, lie writes: "When told I was
cured 1 could haidly hclievo it possible,
but upon being Instructed to walk ucroi-s
tho room and to kick, found that I could
do so without pain, and had full use of
my limbs. Thnt nleht I slept soundly,
something I had not done for years. V
cannot speak too highly of this treat
ment, and only wish that all sufferers
would tuko this treatment and be betie
llted.' Another enso Is that of Mr. W. B. Ray
mond, a prominent banker of Afton, lu.
Ho wus poiiiuiueutly cured of IniyiiitltK
which was pronounced Incurable by throat
specialists In both Coloiado ami lowu,
Mrs. M. U. Hawkins, nf Loulshiirg. Ktis..
was sulTorlng from u complication of
troubles peculiar to her sex. Her condi
tion wns such thnt sho could not do house
work and rested very littlo ut night. Reg
per day, for every day pcccssurlly om
ployed upon the work. The City Engineer
shall keep tho Inspector's time.
Sec. Vi. For the purpose of defraying
the cost of said paving, curbing and In
spection and lucldcntuls pcralulni; to said
THE WORLD.
WELTMER.
ular physicians failed to give her relief,
und as a Inst resort sho took the Wolt
mor tieatmont. In ono week's time the)
was rejoicing In the possession of health:
Tills was over three years ago, and she Is
today a well, and strong woman, with
no return or tho painful symptoms that
she boforo folt.
Mary Stella Klrkham. of Sweetwater,
Ala., was afflicted with Epileptic Fits. In
digestion, Constipation and Dyspepsia.
Thrco medical doctors said that shntwa
bound to die. Sho had from ten to fifteen
spells per day, and could not sleep at
night. Her mind was afflicted badly. Sho
took tho Absent treatment, and now pro
nounces horself absolutely cured. As th
treatment was given her over a year as"0
and sho has never had a return of her
horrible disease, she Is undoubtedly per
manently cured. 1
For fourteen months Mrs. Anna B.
Dcason. of Carter, Tex., was unable to sit
up or raise her head from the plllowj. She
was suffering with Female Weakness.
Heart, Stomach and Kidney troubles Sh
took the Absont Treatment and wael en-
tlrely relieved of pain. She writes un
iter date of December 'Jl. 1901. that shb is
stronger than ever, enjoys better health
than for llftoen jears, has gained alxteein
pounds and can eat anything that she de
tih.ao uH irvft tftf tillv ,vrl,ao 1
"May heaven's richest blessing rest or
"Weltmerlsm, that It may carry on th
gooci work or healing the sick and teacn
Ing others,"
Mrs. LevlRa Dudley, of Barry. Ill,, suf
fered excruciating pains from Neuralgia,
nnd could only get relief by Injections of
morphine. She Is now a well woman
through Weltmerlsm.
Those emes are no mora remarkable
than thnt of thousands of others, who
were cured by this remarkable system of
treatment. Of the Weltmer method It
has been truthfully said that It makes the
blind to hce, tho deaf to hear and the
lame to walk.
To get tho full benefit of Weltmerlsm
It Is not necessaiy for you to leavo your
homo, for you can be cured at your own
home, no mutter what distance you may
live, If you wish full and convincing In
formation regarding this health-glvliva;
method, which gives health, perfect man
hood and womanhood to all, send your
nnme and address to Prof. 8. A. Woltmer,
Dept. A Cii, Nevada, Mo,
MAGNETIC JOURNAL PREE,
Prof, S. A. Woltmer proposes to glva
each of our- readers, absolutely free,
copy or nis magnetic journal. This Jour-I
pal contains louy pases ui mo nest ooo K
paper. Is handsomely llluatiated wits
ne.iuiuui nan louo pnmograpns ana
brimful of vital Interest to everv ma
and woman who wishes health, weal
ami napuiness. it aio reveals to 11
Woltmeilsm mid gives you an lnalaht I
this wonderful method, which, wlthol
drugs or ino surgeons Knife, cures dl
cases heretofore thought Incurable. BnJ
your name und uddreas to Prof. B. M
Weltmer. Dept. A (It!, Novada, Mo., meil
tloniug this paper, and you will recclvi
the MuHiietlc Journal ahsnlutelv fra. jm
this distribution Is onlv meant far thnCI
who wish to bo cured of their dlsenae. nf
those who wish to tuko up the study of"
tins nooie uuu tucrativo proiession, va
trust no one will send for the Magnetic,
Journal out of Idle curiosity.
work theie Is hereby appropriated th
sum of Tlility-tlvo Thousand Dollars o
so much thereof us may bo necessary.
Approved September to, 1901.
W. I.. L'ON'NEl.1.. City Recorder.
Attest: M. T. LAYEI.I.E, City Clerk.
N
r
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