mmmmm lu iih MvJm -nW- wmmmmhmmm
&ffi?WHv'ri .'':' vHM , ?..t '. fif .V''V. '"
i v
,- i, ' ' , -5 ' ' ''
i. 1
H
?" I
fit!
THE SCRANTON TRIBUNE-
WEDNESDAY, MAY 28, 1002.
'II
The faultless-fitting;
&ftgg&l&ftMtM6f&&gg&
IE The faultlesa-fltting JM. 1
s JMMslmSm $ -T -tT 11 i
,
I cr juoutjiowfni.uo
All the knowledge and facilities of this house have
been exerted with a view to testing the claims of the
"Dorothy Dodd" Shoe. As a result of the Investigation,
.... .1... la, . .,. ..t 141 ...I aMMMA4- Wn flrtrl It fin
easily superior In all the points of BEAUTYof FITTING a
QUALITIES and of VALUE, that we have decided to dls- K
continue all other lines of
Dorothy Dodd
y-v . d' f
IfXIOFClS J)j OU
AEAMl TO J
4MMHJMH!4WHMK!HM:W
JL. alVk Bf JB0 dBm r r dflL' Jl'
0R1GIN AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR
In the year 10D9 A. D.. when the in
telligence of the capture of Jerusalem
by the Crusaders (July 15) had been
conveyed to Europe, the zeal of the
pllgi image blazed forth with almost
incredible fierceness; It had gathered
intensity during the interval of its sui
preFsion by the Saracens five years be
fore, nnd now all classes, of all nations
find of both sexes, old men and chil
dren, virgins and matrons, thinking
the road the-n open and the journey
I'U'.cllcable, pressed forward atoward
the Holy City. The infidels had in
deed been driven out of Jerusalem, but
not out of Palestine, The passes of
the mountains bordering the seacoast
Mere Infested by warlike bands of fu
gitive Moslems, who maintained them
belves in the innumerable caverns with
vhich the country abounds, "or on the
trackless deserts east and south of
Judca, came forth upon the high roads,
cut off the communication between
Jerusalem and the seaports, and ro
vongrd themselves for the loss of their
habitations and property by the indis
criminate pillage of all travelers and
the pilgrims consequently, when they
approached the Holy City, were ex
posed to. almost dally hostility, to
plunder and to death,
To alleviate tho dangers and distress
to which they wero exposed by these
Implacable 'foes, to guard the honor of
the saintly virgins and matrons, and to
rrolcut tho gray hairs of the vener
ulila palmer, nine noble lcnlghts, each
of whom had greatly distinguished
lilmself In .the assault upon Jerusalem,
formed a. holy brotherhood luv arms,
and In the year U1H A. D, entered into
n solemn compact to clear the high
ways and protect pilgrims through the
lnt-sps and defiles of the mountains
leading to tho Holy City. Their names
iro thus given by reputable authori
ties: 1, Hugh do Payens; 2, Godfrey
dit St. Aldemur; 8, Itoral; 4, Gonde
iticr: .5, Godfery Blsolj 0, Payens do
Montidler; 7, Archbald do St. Ainana;
8, AndVow do Montbur; 0, the Count do
I'rovcnco. Warmed with tho religious
nnd military fervor of tho day, and
til. limited by tho sacredncsa of tho
ctuf-o to which they had devoted
thtilr .Jives, they called themselves the
Poor Fellow Soldiers of Jesus." They
fleeted as tho first grand master that
tine knight, Sir Hugh do Payons;
uniting wltiln themselves the two
most popular qualities of the age, de
votion and valor, and exercising thoso
nltrlbutes In tho most popular of all
enterprises of that period, they speed
ily acquired a famous reputation.
At first, we are told, they had no
church and no particular placo of
abode, but in tho year 1118, nineteen
jears niter the conquest of .Jerusalem
by the Crusaders, they had rendered
such good and acceptable service to
the Christians that Baldwin II, King of
Jerusalem, granted them u perinuiieiit
place of habitation within tho sacred
Inclosuro of the Temple on Mount Mor
lah, amid those holy and magnificent
etruetures which wero then exhibited
ps tho outbuildings ot the Temple of
Solomon, whence tho Poor Fellow-Soldiers
of Jesuit Christ came henceforth
to'b.o known by the name of Tho
Knighthood of tho Temple of Solomon,
pr more briefly, Knight Templars.
women's shoes selling lor o.uu.
' if
1
Boots Cost $3. f
With the oxceptlon of a few special stylei. J
wllloh 67 re"00 ot thelr beln more ex" 3J
trueivo iu tut uid juulgu aii uvu uiuiv,
Corner Lackawanna and Wyoming Avenues.
King Baldwin, the patriarch, and the
prelates of Jerusalem, and the barons
of the Latin kingdom, assigned them
various gifts and revenues for their
maintenance and support, and the
order being now settled in a regular
place of abode, tho Knights soon be
gan to entertain more extended views
and to seek a larger theater for the
exercise of their holy profession. Tho
first aim and objects of tho Knights
Templars had been, as before men
tioned, to protect poor pilgrims on
from the coast pf Jerusalem. But as
tho hostile tribes of tho Moslem, which
everywhere surrounded the Latin
kingdom, were gradually recovering
from the terror Into which they had
been plunged by the successful and
exterminating warfare of the first
Crusaders, and were assuming an ag
gressive and threatening attitude, it
was: determined that tho Holy War
riors, of the Temple should, In addition
to tho protection of the pilgrims, make
the defense of Jerusalem, of the Kast
crn church, and of nil the holy places
u. part of their particular profession.
The two most distinguished members
of the fraternity were Hugh de Payens
and Godfrey St. Aldemar, or St. Omer,
two valiant soldiers of the cross, who
had fought with grent credit and re
nown at the slego of Jerusalem in 1033.
Hugh do Payens was chosen In 1113 by
tho Knights to be the superior ot tho
new rellglo-mllltnry society, with tho
title of master of the temple, nfterward
giand ninster, and ho has consequent
ly generally been called the founder of
tho order.
It was not long before the fame
of these new nllles of tho cross and tho
Church of Christ had spread over Eu
rope. The Junior scions of noble
houses In all pnrls of Christendom soon
sought incorporation Into so distin
guished an order, which from Its start
lecelved none but thoso whoso social
standing entitled them to considera
tion. That which in its origin was some
what of tho naturo ot a rural police,
nl length became, through fortuitous
circumstances and from the naturo nnd
needs of tho socloty of the age, one of
tho most powerful organizations tho
world has ever known. Manors, cas
tles and treasure wero lavished upon
them; In rank and influence thoy be
came second to none; they wero tho
almoners of inonarcha, nnd their pos
sessions yielded revenues that exceeded
tho income of kings,
Their prosperity begat arrogance,
and brought corruption among them
selves, whllo their great possessions
Incited the cupidity of tho rulers of
thu countries over which thoy had dis
persed themselves. Tho kings of Eng
land and Franco and Pope Clement V
unitedly conspired and Individually
Ecizeu iuq vast treasures or the order;
crimes of an unparalleled character
wero Invented and Imputed to the or
der, and nuully, on the 18th of March,
1KJ3, Jacques do Molay, tho grand
master, was burned at tho stake; and
thus wau overthrown that oncp power
lu order, which has been spoken of
as "tho bulwarks of tho Latin king
dom of Jerusalem during the abort
period of its exlstene, nnd tho last
band of Europe's host to. contend for
if . a , w 1
I The women of Scranton will be interested to know
that vte have completed arrangements by which we
I are made exclusive agents in this city for the new
1 faultless-fitting shoe for women, known as the "Dor
i othy Dodd." This is the new shoe that caused
The Tremendous Sensation
that has been raging in the shoe trade for several
? mAnihc nacf Art
Dodd" Shoe is that it is the only shoe ever placed on
the market that embodies a woman's idea of what
1 constitutes a perfect shoe. We extend to you a cordial
I invitation to attend our first "Dorothy Dodd"
1
luesoav ana
the possession of Palestine." Addi
son's Knights Templars.
To tho vows of the monks, and the
austere life of tho convent, they added
the discipline ot the camp and the
stt-rn duties of military life, thus
blending tho fine vocation of the sword
and lanco with the holy zeal and body
bending toils of a poor brotherhood.
Their story excites in us emotions of
admiration for their constancy and
courage, and sincere pity for their un
merited and cruel fate.
In tho earlier years it was univer
sally held by tho members of the
"American" Order ot the Temple that
their system had been handed down In
unbroken succession from the Order
of Christian Knights, whoso history is
briefly outlined above.
Masonic writers and historians,
hose utterances are entitled to re
spect, have, however, long ago repu
diated the theory that the Tcniplary
of our day Is a legitimate offshoot from
that of tho twelfth and fourteenth
centuries. Templary, as well as Ma
sonry, religion and history, has Its
myths, and the connection of modern
with ancient Templarlsm is one of
them.
L, Murray Lyon, of tho grand lodge
of Scotland; William James Hughau,
ot I he grand lodge of England; Wil
liam Gould, author of "Gould's His
tory of Freemasonry," and eminent
students nnd Masonic writers In our
o n country have decided, after tho
most patient research among all known
rocords, that no authority exists for
such a claim; and, in addition to all
that can bo known on tjio subject,
there is sufficient Internal evidence In
the system itself to render tho theory
of such an origin very doubtful.
'Tho Masonic Knights Templar of
tjie eighteenth century, and since, have
no connection with tho earlier body,
and never had. Bodies of Knights
Toniplar, In connection with tho craft,
enmo on the scene In the first half of
the last century. The origin of Mn
ponlo Templary Is unknown." Hugh
an. "The theory that tho chlvalrio Tem
plar Order, on their persecution and
dispersion, took rctugo In tho Masonic
body, is but one of the fabulous tradi
tions of tho past. There is not tho
slightest foundation for tho statement
that members of the dispersed Tem
plars, after their suppression In 1314,
became Freemasons. It Is but ono of
tho fabrications of modern Masonic
tradition to account for tho amalga
mation of tho Templary with Masonry,
and Is totally opposed to historic facts,
It Is not even probable that tho proud
and haughty nobles of that age, from
which class tho Templar' orders was
selected, would engraft themselves
upon a society of more mechanics
when all the great military orders In
Europe were open to them, and who
would bo only too glad to receive Into
their ranks so renowned a military
body as tho chivalry of tho Templars."
W, J. B. MeLeod Mooro (Canada),
Sir James H. Hopkins made a report
to tho grand encampment, giving on
account of his Investigations Into this
subject while iu Europe, and among
other things ho said; "I made un anx
ious effort to learn tho origin of the
connection between Freemasonry and
tho orders of the Christian Knight
liogd. The most eminent sholars
whoso writings I could procure, and
the most learned wth whom I had tho
opportunity to converse, havo failed to
clcuiv uway the mists of uncertainty
m.V V. - Bi '
raic f
TRADE MARK'
intcicil 4-liSnri attnfit lik ' F" h
Opening Display
weanesaav, lriav u ana m,
which envelop this interesting sub
ject." Sir Knight T. S. Parvln, formerly
grand recorder of the grand encamp
ment, says: "Tho theory that the
Templary of our day Is a legitimate
offshoot from that of tho Christian
Knights, although a beautiful and pop
ular Idea, will have to bo abandoned
as quite untenable on historic grounds.
""... "onclusion wo arrive at, after duo
consideration of the slight evidence In
Its fuvor, Is that the Masonic Tem
plary of today has no connection what
ever with the Templars of the twelfth
and fourteenth centuries."
The American Masonic system is a
growth, the germ of which Is to he
found In the older Masonry of tho
Motherland. The American scion dif
fers from the parent stock from which
it was propagated, and It can hardly
be said to bo a roprodutlon of the
original plant; at most, It Is but a
species of the same genus. Tho sev
eral degrees came to this country In
a greatly modified form from that In
which they are now to be found. Tho
work of elaboration and embellish
ment began at a very early date, nnd
it is difficult to trace its development,
which may be said to havo culminated
when Thomas Smith Webb's career as
a Masonic luminary was at Its height.
The task of discovering and bringing
to light tho true history of tho frater
nity, which has so long lain burled In
darkness among tho rubbish of tho
temple, which has accumulated with
tho years of Its growth, Is rendered ex
ceedingly difficult, owing to tho ex
treme reluctance with which Masons
formerly committed to writing even
tho most trivia 1 matters relating to
tilt) craft. Even In this age, when new
discoveries are being constantly
brought to light, It Is far too fre
quently held to bo treason to the
cause to expose to tho eyes of tho "pro
fane" the truth ot history, so far as It
relates to the Masonic Institution; but,
regardless of the ignorant pretensions
of thobe who still teach that tho
Master Mason's degree originated and
was formerly conferred In tho Sanc
tum Sanctorum of King Solomon's
Tcniplo, and that the Templars of this
year of grace are the lineal descend
ants of those who fought for tho re
covery of tho Holy Sepulcher, ono
myth after another has vnnlshed, until
wo no longer hesitate to commit to
n riling tho averment that, with
scarcely an exception, the ritual of
every Masonlo degree now produced In
tho United Stutes originated, or was
elaborated, since the American llovo
lutlon. Tho admission of this fuct
does not in tho least degree detract
from the dignity, high churaetor or
claim to an ancient origin of tho In
stitution Itself. Masonlo Concordant
Orders.
It would be a waste of effort to take
up tho Introduction of Knight Tem
plary Into the United States. It Is no
question of legitimate Masonlo history,
That tho system came within tho
form "unorganized Masonry" until the
present century Is too evident for ar
gument. A few Sir Knights, having
received the orders In Scotluncl, Ire
land or elsewhere, met together by ap
pointment In Philadelphia, Boston,
Now York, etc., In a retired place and
first testing each other by diploma and
unwritten evidence, would make no
scruple of organizing themselves for
tho time being Into an encampment or
concUvo, Hid UBsunio control of terri
torial Jurisdiction, confer tho orders.
rson
We Give Trading Stamps.
elect officers, Issue certificates, etc. If
this Is not the history of the introduc
tion of Knight Templary upon this
continent, there Is no better, we regret
to be compelled to say, at our com
mand. Nor Is It derogatory to the legiti
macy of the succession or the merits
of the system of Templary to admit
this conclusion, for in this manner
only could Free Masonry Itself have
been extended from the date of Its ori
gin to the organization of the grand
lodge ot England, A. D. 1717. Prior
to that period, there was no grand
Lodge, or central organization that
possessed the authority to issue war
rants. There was no such thing in
existence as a Lodge Warrant, hailing
from such central organization. A pro
psr number of Masons had an inherent
right to assemble in a secure place, up
ply tho essential tests to each other,
open a lodge and Initiate, pass and
raise worthy applicants. This is all
that can bo said of Knight Templary
up to a very recent period. It is all
that can bo said of the spread of any
branch of Masonry, however Important
or consequential It may now be esteem
ed. Much labor has been expended by
one writer to establish the fact that
an encampment ot Knights Templar
was worked in Philadelphia before 1790.
Another eminent writer has endeavored
to prove that" an encampment was
worked In South Carolina as early as
17S0. Both of these things aro prob
able, but tho facts are of no import
ance in point of history. There was no
Templar organization In the world at
that time authorized to grant warrants
for Encampments. Sir Knights any
where In tho United States could meet,
and piobably did meet as wo have said,
and increase their number by inherent
right, keeping no records, although
possibly granting certificates. Robert
Ma coy.
Previous to tho Independence ot the
United States there existed no separate
Templar bodies. Tho Templar cere
mony was practiced to some 'extent,
"under the sanction of the warrant" ot
"Blue" lodges, by which statement
tills writer understands us a result of
his investigations upon the subject
that It was formerly the practice of
thoso persons who wero In possession of.
the degreo to assemble In some lodge
room, whether the one of which they
wero members or not does not appear,
and then and theie proceed with tho
ceremony of Knighting a Templar; tho
organization In every instance seems to
liayo been self-created and temporary
limits character, Speed.
St. Andrew's Chapter of Itoyal Arch
Masons, of Boston, Massachusetts,
then St. Andrew's Hoyal Arch Lodge,
holding under tho Grand Lodge of Scot
land, held Its first recorded meeting
August 2$, 1769, lii Mason's Hall, Bos
ton, and the record of that .meeting
contains the first account of the con
ferlng of the degree of Knight Templar
that lias been discovered, either In this
country or in Grent Britain. It is In
these words;
"Brother William Davis came before
tho lodge, begging to have and receive
the parts belonging to tho Royul Arch
Musons, . . . and ho was accord
ingly made by receiving the .four
steps, that of Excellent, Super Excel
lent, noyul Arch nnd Knight Templar."
Of course the grade of Knight Temp
lar must havo been known, and must
have been conferred In lodges previous
jo that date, as )t must be manifest
that Bt Andrew's Lodgo did not fabri
cate the decree and udd it to their
Shoe for Women
"Dorothy Dodd" Shoes combine all the essential points that
discriminating women seek. The fastidious women needs
pay no more; the economical woman cannot afford to pay
less.
The range of styles includes shoes for every purpose,
from the light exquisite dress Oxford to the thick soled
boot for tramping rind outing.
A distinctive feature about all ''Dorothy Dodd" Shoes
tt . is tneir t-Auui less hi : a leature tne result 01 a wo
jc man's genius.
h
I
1
i Beaufui window Display.
3
Shoe Co.
system In 1769. By the foregoing min
ute It would seem that the degree or
grade of Knight Templar was consid
ered as being a part of tho Royal Arch
grade, or as belonging to that system.
Anonymous.
Whence the ceremony was obtained
or of what it consisted, i3 a. mere mat
ter of conjecture. It will be observed
that the Red Cross Order Is not named
In the list of degrees conferred. The
records of Kilwinning Lodge, Ireland,
warranted October S, 1779, show that Its
charter was used as the authority for
conferring the Royal Arch, Knight
Templar and Rose Croix degrees, as
early as 1872; but tho Red Cross and
tho Rose Croix aro two different de
grees, and should not bo confounded.
It is possible that the degree of
Knight Templar was conferred, In nu
merous Instances, In military nnd pos
sibly other lodges, prior to tho end of
tho Revolutionary period; but If so,
there Is, so far an we aro aware, no
existing credible evidence of that fact,
nnd even If it were true that such was
the case, the mode and manner In
which It was done was so Irregular, In
the light of modern Masonic teachings,
that the bare record would bo o(f little
value to the Masonic student.
The degrees embraced In the Ameri
can schedule are thoso of Companion of
tho Red Cross, Knight Templar and
Knight of Mnltn. That the Red Cross
Is not embraced In that of tho English
European or Canadian Preceptorles,
except that It Is permitted In Canada
to communicate It In order to qualify
our Canadians Praters to visit Ameri
can bodies. This degreo has a curious
uud unsatisfactory wuy of appearing
and disappearing In tho earlier records
of Templar bodies. It is mentioned in
tha diploma whlchls relied upon to es
tablish tho conferring of tho Templar
Degrees by St. Andrew's Lodge, at
Charleston, South Carolina, In 1783.
Frcderlu Speed,
Prior to tho discovery of this diploma
the Red Cross degree was regarded as
having been manufactured by Webb
and his associates from the degreo of
Knights of tho East or sword of tho
Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.
Tho degree Is not enumerated among
those conferred upon Brother William
Davis, In St. Andrew's Royal Arch
Lodge, now Chapter, nt Boston, In 1769,
In 1797 however, that body "voted that
tho Knights of the Red Cross, by
Brother Benjamin Hurd, jr., bo and
they are hereby permitted to make
their records In tho book of tho Chap
ter," a privilege which was not availed
of, Boston Council was established In
tho year 1802, and King Darius Coun
cil, of Portland, In 1803, and thereafter
tho degreo seems to have been regular
ly worked.
If the ceremony called "Red Cross,"
mentioned In the South Carolina diplo
ma, and a vote of St, Andrew's chupter
before referred to, was Identical with
that practiced in Boston and King
Durlus Councils, uud enumerated In
tho minutes of tho meeting at which
St. John's Commaudery, of Providence,
Rhodo Island, was organized, then It is
dear that the degree Is not the work
of Webb, who was not a Knight Temp
lar at the time tho permission to record
their proceedings In the minute book of
St. Andrew's Chapter was given. Webb
is said to have had tho Templar Or
ders confened upon him In Philadel
phia about ISO;'. It is possible that
changes were Introduced by Webb, but
the tradition that ho wus the originator
must yield, as other myths of Masonry
have done, before tho researches of the
lilstoilans of Musoni'v; but before
Webb's claims to paternity are set
aside It must be admitted that an en
tirely dissimilar degree of the Ancient
and Accepted Rite, that of the Rose
Croix, has, through ignorance, fre
quently been spoken of as the Red
Cross, and It Is barely possible that, the
Red Cross referred to in the Charleston
diploma, and Massachusetts record, was
not Identical with tho ceremony found
ed upon the Persian legend. This
much, at least, Is to be said: before
tho era of Webb tho degree was little
known and llttlo practiced, and it is to
him that wo are indebted for its pres
ervation and propagation as a part of
the American Templar system.
It has been before noted that the
Templar ceremony was practiced In an
Irregular, sporadic manner, "under the
sanction of tho warrant" of "Blue"
lodges. It Is probably Impossible to
fix tho date of Its Introduction Into the
United states, but It Is certain that It
did not come under the sanction of a
warrant or dispensation from any Ma
sonic power, for none such existed any
where at that time, having control ot
the degree. Doubtless It came as the
so called side degrees of tho present
day came. One being In possession of
a degree called to his assistance the re
quisite number ot others having the
degree, who, meeting In a lodge-room,
and having present Its warrant, pro
ceeded to make a Templar or Temp
lars, as tho case might be, and, the
ceremony being ended, they dissolved,
never to meet again. In thev course of
time, when Templars becane more
numerous, an occasional attempt was
made to make a record of these Irreg
ular proceedings; and occasionally di
plomas wero Issued, some or which,
having come down to the present time,
aro existed as testimony to tho as
sumed fact that there were "regularly"
existing bodies In those days. The rit
ual of the Templar degree does not
appear to have undergone tho rehabili
tating process to which other degrees
of Masonry weio subjected, nnd while
changes wore undoubtedly made, either
by accident or design, It Is said to bf
substantially in accord with that of our
English Fratrcs.
From tho close of tho Revolutionary
war until about the year 1816, when the
Grand Encampment was formed, Ma
sonry, like the country, was In a trnn
sltlonnry state. Tho so-called "higher
degrees," which had previously been
conferred under the sanction of lodge
warrants, now began to bo worked by
regularly constituted bodies. Chapters
and encampments began to ho organ
ized upon a permanent basis, and, as
they attracted moro attention, a ritual
istic development wus Innaugurated.
As In tho ante-Revolutionary period,
for most of the tlino there was no
governing power over tho Templar de
gree, and each body, as It came Into
existence, was self created and Inde
pendent ot all others. Few of thes,e or
ganizations have continued until tho
present time, and still fewer have left
any records ot the earlier yeurs of their
existence. As time passed on and these
occasional gatherings .hecapie more fie
quent, when the number of Templars
jiad Inci eased sufficiently, and 'mora
permuuent organizations began to ba
made, out of tliefce emergency bodlei
grew permanent ones, Frederic Speed
Bill to Ketiro Hobson,
Py lriiilif Wit? from 1h Awclti Pre.
Washington, May .". Tho sonute' com
mittco on naval alfulrs has agreed to re
port favorably the bill pioldltiR for thd
retirement of Naval Constructor , Rich
mond 1'. Hobsou-
tr "i J,'
I