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THE SCllANTON TJRlBUXIiJ-SATCttDAY, 4 AX CAR Y 1, 1902.
. ,i.5
-
C
SfOffX Of THE
First Term of Washington, April 30, 1789, to March 4, 1793.
L
IN A TJJCHNICALi sense comUltu
ttonul Boverninent under our be
nign miprome law of the land,
dutca from March 4, 1789. In un
ucluul Bcimo, the salutary suprem
acy of the constitution, to una tho
words of Washington, wan not felt un
til after April 30, 1789, the day wlien
the licro of heroes took tho oath of
eJfllcc at the corner of Broad and Wall
streets, Now York.
The laggard patriots of tho hoimo of
lcprosentutlves found present a hare
quorum of thirty members on April l.
On April tl, enough of the loitering
senators arrived to enable tho First
congress to organize and proceed to
tho business of Inaugurating the first
chief of state. Prior to the tlrst presi
dent's departure from Mt. Vernon, he
lenrned that schemes on the part of
Great Britain and Spain threatened the
internal peuco of tne Union. The
Spanish authorities nt New Orleans
long held out as a bait the free navi
gation of tho Mississippi to tho up
river Inhabitants If they would cut
loose from the United States. Lord
Dorchester, governor general of Can
ada, was suspected of promising u
nelplng hand to tho frontiersmen who
wight feel disposed to seize New Or
leans. Hamilton gave the British
Agent in New Yoik to understand that
lie might dismiss ull fears about hav
ing ,a stable administration to deal
with. The republic was now able to
protect and control the governed. A
government by supplication, a political
monstrosity with thirteen heads had
passed forever away.
North Carolina came Into the Union
in November, 17S9, and on Feb. 2.", 1790,
the state ceded to the United States
the territory now known as Tennessee.
None of the 30,000 inhabitants made
known their wishes concerning this
chango for the better. The dignified
William Blount, of North Carolina, be
came llrst territorial governor In Oc
tober, 1790. Our hardy old heroes, Rob
ertson and Sevier, having obtained for
giveness for their hins of Indiscretion
and rashness, were made -generals com
manding the eastern and western mili
tary districts. Soon after Washington
came into -oflico he found that tho
southwestern Indians were disposed to
give much trouble. He endeavored to
make peace with the Creek Indians
and with other tribes, but found that
the troublesome chief, Alexander Jlc
'Gilllvray, ever stood in the way. As a
last resort this dangerous and treach
erous half-breed was Invited to visit
New York, tho tqmporary capital, in
hope that his bloody-mlndedness might
be mollified by some pecuniary conso
lation. With twenty-eight of his chief
warriors in his train tills feather-bedecked
and paint-coated savage was
received on his route with royal liber
ality and distinction. Tho Tammany
society of New York, which Aaron
Burr had recently organized, tried to
impress the forest chiefs with their
own semi-savage paraphernalia and
bogus Indian toggery, but the genuine
child of tho forest gave only the gut
tural grunt of contempt for such shal
low shams. When this Scotch free
booter or land pirate got down to busi
ness It was found that all ho wanted
was a monopoly of furnishing all the
supplies to tho Creeks; .$100,000 for the
alleged confiscation of his lands and
the pay und rank of a brigadier gen
eral in tho United States army for life!
While this almost equalled the Alger
ino pirates In the direction of levying
blackmail, tho government commis
sioners recommended compliance with
tho stand-and-dcllver demands, so
anxious were our border settlers to bo
paved from tho horrors of prolonged
Indian wars. A treaty with this chief
jjave nu all tho territory north and
cast of tho Oconee river In Georgia.
Wlillo promising to place Ills tribe un
lor our protection, this double-twisted
deceiver was at this precise time In the
pay of Spain and Great Britain. Tho
rcd-skinucd rascal so played upon the
sympathies of General Knox and even
on Washington, that the latter gave
the Creek chief a pair of his epaulets
mid some books, tho latter doubtless
intended for his moral elevation. It Is
Bravely related that on more than one
spectacular or war-path occasion tills
thrifty diplomatist of thp wilderness
.would don a scarlet red British uni
form and General Wusiilngton's epau
lets, which, with his Spanish cocked
Jiat and palnt-smenrcd fnce, presented
n sight never to be forgotten by gods
or men. At this time 1790 Wilkinson,
n once formidable enemy of national
supremacy, was whining: "My situa
tion is extremely painful, since, ab
horring duplicity, I must dissemble."
If lies had said since "doting on duplic
ity, 1 am forced to the wall," ho would
have approached nearer tho truth. Ills
dupes, except Sebastian, had deserted
him and Governor Niro was about to
peiiFlon another traitor to watch him.
In presenting next in our narrative
history tho facts of record, It scorns
fairest to let each cuninot olllcer and
public man maku known himself lus
utllludn on tho extension of our terri
tory. On July 11, 1790, Mr. Jefferson,
referring to tho spirited preparations
of England now seemingly bent nn n
war with Spain, writes to James Mon
roe: "Other symptoms Indicate a gen
eral design on ull Louisiana and tho
two FJorldaB. What a tremendous po
Bltlqu would success In these objects
placo us in! Kmbraced from the St.
Croix to St. Mary's on the ono sldo by
their possessions, on Uio other by their
fleet, wo need not hesitate to say that
thoy would soon find means to unite
to them all of the territory coveied by
the ramifications of the Mississippi."
Just ono month later President Wash
ington writes to Lafayette: "Gradual
ly recovering from the distresses In
which war left us, putlentlly advanc
ing In our task of civil government,
unentungled in tho crooked politics of
Europe, wanting scarcely anything but
the full navigation of tho Mississippi
'(which wq must have and as certainly
ehull havu as we remain a nation), I
liayo supposed, that, with the undevl
at,lng oxeivlso of a Just, steady and
nyudent natlonul policy, we shall bo tho
Kaipurs, whether tho powers of the Old
World may be In peaco or war, but
rooro especially In the latter case.
Should (i war take place between Great
Britain und Spain, I conceive, from a
great variety of concurring crcum
ptances, there Is (lie highest probabll
Jty that the Florldus will soon bo in
i&&
Z??lXJt&AhyTemo&j thafc epoa ,jyM tH.9 dT
LOUISIANA PURCHASE IN TEN
MOVING TOWARD FREE NAVIGATION.
the possession of tho former." In tho
same letter, Washington advises Spain
to be wise and liberal at onco and anni
hilate all cuubc 6f difference between
that nation and hlfl own.-'
On Aug. 2, 1790, tho sucrotary of state,
Instructed by the cabinet, wroto to
Carmlchacl, nt Madrid: "With this In
formation, written and oral, you will
he enabled to meet the minister In con
versations' on tho fliibject of tho navi
gation of the Mississippi, to which wo
wish you to lend his attention Immedi
ately. Impress him thoroughly with
the necessity of an early and even an'
Immediate settlement of this matter of
a return to the field of negotiation for
this purpose; and though it must bo
done delicately, yet he must be made
to understand unequivocally, that a re
sumption of the negotiation Is not de
sired on our part, unless ho can deter
mine, In the first opening of It, to yield
the Immediate and full enjoyment of
that navigation. It Is Impos
sible to answer for the forbearance of
our western citizens. We .endeavor to
quiet them with the expectation of nn
attainment of their rights by peaceable
means. But should they, In a moment
of Impatience, hnzard others, there Is
no saying how far wo may bo led; for
neither themselves nor their rights will
ever be abandoned by us."
This peremptory language was to be
used In cuse the threatened war be
tween Great Britain and Spain as
sumed a grave aspect. A milder tone
was to bo employed If It was averted
and Spain stlli remained In a position
to successfully resist our demands by
force. William Pitt was using strong
expressions to induce Spain to submit
to us, but so long as the expectation
existed that the Family Compact
would make an ally of France against
England, the latter's influence was not
serviceable to us. However, when
Loid Dorchester's request came for
the privilege to transfer British troops
over our territory to attack the Span
lards In Louisiana, in the event of war,
Washington was disposed to grant the
request. On this subject Hamilton re
ported Sept. in, 1790: "The conduct of
Spain towards us presents a picture
far less favorable. The direct aid we
received from her during the war was
Inconsiderable in itself, and still more
inconsiderable compared with her fac
ulty! of aiding us. She refrained from
acknowledging our independence; has
never acceded to the treaty of com
merce made with France, though a
right of doing so was reserved to her,
nor made any other treaty with us;
she has maintained possessions within
our acknowledged limits without our
consent; she persoveringly obstructs
our sharing in tho navigation of tho
Mississippi, though it is a privilege es
sental to us, and to wheh we consider
oui-hclves as having an Indisputable
title. An increase of the
means of annoying us In tho same
hands is a certain ill consequence of
the acquisition of the Florldus and
Louisiana by the British. This will
result not only from contiguity to a
greater part' of our territory, but from
the Increased facility of acquiring an
undivided Influence over nil tho Indian
tribes inhabiting within the borders of
the United States. Additional danger
of the dismemberment of the western
country is another ill consequence to
he apprehended from that acquisition.
An explicit recognition of our
right to navigate the Mississippi to and
from tho ocean, with the possession of
New Orleans, would greatly mitigate
the causes of apprehension from the
conquest of tho Florldus by the British.
The western posts on one side
and the navigation of the Mississippi
on the other, cull for a vigilant atten
tion to what is going on. They are
both of importance. The securing of
the latter may bo regarded In Its con
sequences as essential to tho unity of
the empire. Wo ought not to
leave in tho possession of any foreign
power the territories at the mouth of
the Mississippi, which are to be re
garded as the key to it."
William C'ui-mtohael wrote from Ma
drid Jan. 24, 1791: "This government
is wenk; the ministry Is in a ticklish
sltuutlon; tho queen governs and gov
erns with caprice; the peoplo begin to
dispute their sovereigns; and although
they
have no chiefs to look up to. tho
LIsfnctlon is general." Count do
dissatisfaction
Campomanes expressed tho enlightened
opnion "that It is the Interest of his
country to form liberal and lasting
connection with the United States."
Our affairs with England during the
first term of Washington were as little
satisfactory ub wero our unsettled dis-
putes with Spain. Hammond, tho first
accredited British minister, hnd appar- :
C""y i" ?e"',T. .r.!,f' IW"
t ttF rf ulnin rinrl rt In flint n
..,, v, oiniv, ...w ,u .....ii.,. .V .uu.. ii .
,.w ... ....,.,, ..,. .....v ...t. ... ..-
lsh were Indirectly responsible for nil
tho Indian raids and massacres that
had happened during nnd since the
revolutionary war. Tho dignified and
scholarly Thomas Plnckney showed a
bettor temper In London, although his
mission was at first barren of results
But four years later this ablest of tho
four historic I'lnckneys cleverly nego
tiated our llrst and most Jmportnnt
treaty with Spain, hardly excepting
tho trenty of Paris under tho lamented
McKluley,
During the whole or Wnshlngton'fi
first four years ho was harrassed by
the fierce hostilities of tho Indians.
Wabash tribes and their allies In the
northwest at this time numbered about
30,000, They defeated Brigadier Gener
al Harmnr and Major General Arthur
St, Clulr with serious loss to tho
Americans. Two ofllcera who wero not
sulllclently cautious and wary encoun
tered superior forces of more expert
enced lighters who wero better led. The
politicians who blamed General Knox
for these reverses would themselves
probably havo dono worse. They cer
tainly could not have done better when
Washington and Knox organized vic
tory a llttlo la(er under tho "wnrrlor
ovlCnlVlo Inv tn Ihn n inoiinHnn nf 1 ! , , l ,h0 J"SSSslppl been ball ill tllf HU1U OC $200 before JudgO
evltat le day for the evacuation of the reddened with the blood of bravo men, I Edwards. Michael Torpor became his
British posts. Ho and Jefferson re- j nna ud not n llnc of stut0Hon tl.o ' bondsman.
hearsed for about the soventh time, east side of that rh or been gnlne. anc Pranlt Brennon. charged with lar-
each, how the country of the other hael TOtttlul, tUrougb tIlls , and loy- I ceny and receiving, by Hannah
been guilty of the Irs Infrac ions of ally and by the firmness, foresight .1 Youngs yesterday, entered bail in tho
the peace treaty and the criminations wlBdom of our first administration In " f WOO. Ills own recognizance
and recriminations lowered somewhat preventing tho Spanish from c ma rat- I ww accented.
tho diplomatic! dignity of both men. inir a hi rem ii.a ,,.' e....i. .... ..' ... '"
Tho fact that Virginians owed England on tho settled side of tho dlvldhir- rlvnp
about ten millions of ante-bellum war wo Hhould not , have gotten over to the
debts was a soro point with the seen- unsettled west K!,in , ...,. ..'..",,,
Thli signature I effi"eTeJrjr 'bof oTTfii gemnW
IjiTnflvft nmmn.nnJnlrip.Tabi.ta i
PAPERS.-PAPER V.
who never Bleeps," tho dashing Major
General Anthony Wayne. Tho south--
western Indians who wore moio nu
merous, were encouraged to commit
depredations and go on forays by Gov
ernor Mlro, other Spanish and perhaps
some British agents. Still, the re
vengeful ChlcknmuugnB.thc Creeks and
tho Cherokccs did not require much en
couragement to kill, which was their
chief occupation. In Kentucky, which
became a state In tho Union In 1792
the great abilities of Governor Shelby
were taxed to the utmost to repel the
Indian marauders and thwart the
schemes of tho Irrepressible Wilkinson,
who for years after taking the oath of
allegiance to the United States, carried
Spanish pensions In his pocket and
conducted treasonable correspondence
with official ueentH of Spain. This
unique scoundrel can fairly claim the
second plnco or niche In the American
Hall of III Fame.
In the Cumberland region the settler?
were passing through the darkness;
that preceded the dawn of liberty and
Union.
The Creek chief, McGllllvray, belnn
In 1792 under larger pay from the Span
ish government than from ours, is
again trying to unite all tho tribes
against the Americans. In pursuance
of this stimulating policy a party of
two hundred Chickamaugns crossed tho
Tennessee river and falling upon the
more exposed settlements, butchered
all but one of a family of ten persons,
leaving them groaning, bleeding and
expiring on the floor of the lonely cab
In. A child of six years, having th
instinctive intelligence to conceal him
self in the flue of tho chimney, dropped
down from his hiding place and step
ping over the bloody bodies of father
mother, brothers and little sisters, fled
through the woods for two miles In the
darkness of midnight to a. haven of
seeming safety. Tho horrible tale of
this homeless and motherless child
caused nil the mothers of Tennessee to
tremble and sob and prcsH their Own
babes clospr to their breasts since now
nt night the dreadful le cri de inort
was often heard. Valentine Sevler.who
fought with his renowned brother,
John, at King's Mountain, had three
valiant sons who hastened to join Gen
eral Robertson and risk their lives to
prevent atrocities that would have dis
graced even tho Natchez barbarians.
These bravo young men with others
were rowing up the Cumberland river
to Nashville to proffer their services to
Koberlson. They had reached a sharp
end In tills winding stream when an
Instantaneous discharge from a. hun
dred Indian rifles killed the throe
nephews of John Sevier. But In the
darkest or these dreadful pioneer days
in Tennessee, the undaunted liobert
son expressed tho feeling of the other
brave men battling against savage
odds when he serenely said: "Wp ma'
be nit off In ti,P struggle, but let us
hold fast our faith, our innocence, our
integrity, our honor and our govern
ment." An Indian bullet tore through
to bertson's arm from wrst to elbow,
but still ho would not lead his men hit-
ho enemy's country because restrained
ono1?hrMf''0,,,'Pi,i,a,lo,1,I,Ia- Kinliol,!
?", ''efonslvo attitude of tho
f ontlersmo,,. .seven hundred Creek.
Clirokee and
oiiuuiieo warriors nt.
'"" vinmren. made a defense of this
fiercely assailed blockhouse which for
desperate courage and sagacious brav
ery equals any like defense found in
tho annals of heroism. The men re
served their lire until the Indians camo
within ton paces; then having three
rules each, the women loaded the rifle
handing them to the men loaded, so
that a continuous fire was kept up,
rendered more galling by a number of
the women both loading and firing with
the men. The children were kept busv
raising hats upon sticks bnfni-o ti,'
most open port holes which drew the '
Indlan tiro. As certain death was tho
cud of defeat, the price on each life
was placed at the maximum rate.
Castleman. Rains, Mrs. Buchanan, Jo
seph Brown and the relentless Robert
son are the onlv utwn-ir,,- .,
,.(cord to preserve the memory of tie
most brilliant ,ir .?i?. .". .
against savage warfare Robcrtl-nn
snorted like tho war-horse he wis at
the sound of battle and tho bod n nf
his ono swivel gun warned The Indians
that he would bo on then at dav llcrl t
They retreated with celerity rn'cfl ir
their wounded and dead '""""
To the nhllosonhln iW,',in,. n,
tlon of all this with the ncmilslt on of
Iulsl,,n.i Is plain. Had not the east-
,--..-- ..,...,- Hl- LIIIIIIL'L'
-r .
j. in- reueu ng events uro usuallv urn
i i-iin. uy Bixmiurrmr
approaches to
them.
James Q. Howard.
REVOLVERS IN BAD SHAPE.
Fifteen of Those Used by Police Have
Been Condemned.
Superintendent of Police Day yester
day afternoon inspected the city prop,
erty In tho possession nf tho members
of the police force, and though he
looked over the belongings of only
about three-quarters of tho men, he
found fifteen revolvers which were just
about as good as useless, nnd which
wero condemned.
Each policeman Is supposed to have
threo clubs, a revolver, pair of nippers,
a book of rules, a flre-ahirm key, a sta
book of rules, a flre-alurm key, a sta
(lon house key, a cell key und keys to
the city hall. Wherever an olllcer was
found who wasn't possessed of some
of these requisites, a memorandum was
made to be used for future reference.
No Bills Against Mrs. Dale. .
Uy Exclusive Wire from The Auoehteil I'reu.
New York, Jan. a. It U undeutood that (he
guild Jury of ludon comity, X. J which re
turned a number ol indictments todjy, luu
failed lo find a hill mlnst Jim. Kmellue Pale,
who wa charged with the murder of her S-j ear
old dauifhter. The effort to connect Jlw. Pals
with the crlmo failed before the coiouer'i jury
and ho It now on bail pendiujf the artlon of
the crand jury.
tacked Buchanan's Station, just four
miles from Nashville, f.om which they
vml .VC'11! ,he" With "eavy "fcuffliler.
I'ltteen riflemen, tlilm- ,., ,
" viuvil illlll
uwuii nn u iiiii.
Does Not Disappoint
Tho Now Discovery for Catarrh
Seems to Possess Bcmnrknble
Merit.
A new catarrh cure has recently ap
peared which so far nn tested has been
remarkably successful In curing alt
forms of catarrh, whether In the head,
throat, bronchial tubes, or In stomach
and liver.
The remedy is In tnblet form, pleas
ant and convenient to take and no spe
cial secrecy Is maintained as to what
It contains, the tablet being a scientific
combination of Blood root. Red gum
and similar valuable and harmless un
tlseptics. Tho safe and effective catarrh cure
may be found at any drug store under
the name of Stuart's Catarrh Tablets.
Whether the catarrh Is located In tho
nose, throat, bronchial tubes, or stom
ach, the tablets seem to act with equal
success, removing tho stuffy feeling In
head and nose, clearing the mucous
membrane of throat and trachea from
catarrhal secretions, which cause the
tickling, coughing, hawking and gag
ging so annoying to every catarrh suf
ferer. Nasal catarrh generally leads to ul
ceration, In some cases to such an ex
tent as to destroy the nose entirely
and in many cases of catarrh the bones
of the head become diseased. Nasal
catarrh gradually extends to the throat
and bronchial tubes and very often to
the stomach, causing that very obsti
nate trouble, caturrh of the stomach,
Catarrh Is a systemic poison, Inherent
in the blood, and local washes, douches,
salves, inhalers and .sprays can have
no effect on the real cause of the dis
ease. An Internal remedy which acts
upon the blood Is the only rational
treatment and Stuurt's Catarrh Tab
lets Is tho safest of all Internal rem
edies, as well as the most convenient
and satisfactory from a medical stand
point. Dr. Eaton recently stated that he hnd
successfully used Stuart's Catarrh Tab
lets In old chronic cases, oven where
ulceration had extended so far as to
destroy the septum of the nose. He
says, "I am pleasantly surprised almost
every day by the excellent results from
Stuart's Catarrh Tablets. It is remark
able how effectually they remove the
excessive secretion unci bring about a
healthy condition of the mucous mem
branes of the nose, throat and stom
ach." All druggists sell complete treatment
of tho Tablets nt r0 cents and a little
book giving the symptoms and causes
of the various forms of catarrh, will be
mailed free by addressing F. A. Stuart
Co., Marshall, Mich.
COURT MEETS TODAY.
Marks the Retirement of Judge J".
W. Carpenter from the Local
Bench Divorce Case.
There will be a session of court this
morning when opinions will be handed
down. It will also mark the retirement
of Judge J. W. Carpenter from the
local bench. He will hand down opin
ions In the cases which await his ac
tion and In general will cleuu up his
desk.
Monday morning the new county of-
ncers win iaKO onanre. Tiiev are
Judge E. C. Neweomb, Controller K.
A. Jones, who succeeds himself, Coro
ner J. F. Snltry and County Surveyor
Melton V. Mitchell. They have al
ready llled their oaths of office find will
take charge Monday. The only for
mality will be in connection with tho
iipw judge going on the bench. Judge
Neweomb will be introduced by Pros!
dent Judge Edwards to the members
of the bar assembled and his commis
sion will be road.
The county commissioners will reor
ganize on Monduy and Commissioner
John J. Durkin will bo elected chair
man of the board.
They Entered Ball.
Bornok Lumcheh yesterday entered
Tiffany Wnnts a Divorce.
Ernest A. Tiffany, through attorney
Frank Ii. Boyle, yesterday begun nn
action to secura a divorce from Cell a
13. Tiffany to whom ho wns married
on February 23, 1S00.
They lived together until .September
28, 1901, when Tiffany alleges that he
was compelled to leave his wife be
cause of tho cruel und Intolerable
treatment ho received from her,
Grand Jury Meets.
Tho grand jury will' meet Monday
morning, and tho constables of the
county will make their quarterly re
turn to court. '
From the number of 'transcripts al
ready filed In the ofllooof the clerk of
the courts It will be n busy week for
the grand Jury,
Marriage Licenses,
Henry J. tlat(lo ,,....,:..'., Carbomlalo
Mary b, Xcalon ,,,,,',., ,,, Cuibumlalc
btejjhcn Kccliei ,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,.,,,Thioo
f.iizle Strtcko , ..,.,,,,.,.,.,,,, 'Jluwi
r
Appointment of Rev, Ganss.
lly KiclusUc Wlie from Tlu Associated Prrai.
Va!ilni;lrn, Jan, 3, hi niruancp of action
taken at the iccc-nt meetlm; of the Cathollu arch
hUhopd of the United Slate, the Iter, Henry (I.
Cause ha been appointed lhiliicial agent of the
bureau of Catholic; Indian inlloi. lie ujll
mako hU hcadquaitcr In tliU chy.
&
VJ)'JJ0,tt remedy that curt a cola tn ouedoor
CHATTANOOGA
AND VICINITY
MB. RICHMOND WRITES ENTER
TAININGLY OP THE CITY.
,
Charming Trip Through tho South
ern Cotton Fields An Enterprising
Population Containing a Largo
Proportion of Northern Enterprise
and Pluck.
Written for The Tribune.
FKOSI historic Atlnnta, the tourist
nnturally goes to historic Ch.tt
tnnoogn, a distance of C4 miles.
Leaving the main line of tho L. nnd N,
nt Hlrmlngton, we, for a thousand
miles, trnverso the great Southern
Railway which haa a mileage of over
7,000 miles, through the heart of the
corn, cotton und timber belt, and his
toric fields of the civil wnr. Every rod
of thin ride Is over historic ground,
where was heard the 'rattle of musket
ry and roar of cannon nt some time
ilurlng the famous four months' cam
paign, that terminated with tho cap
ture of Atlanta. Over this track and
on either sldo of It were fought some
of the flercect battles of the civil war.
The signs of that great conflict are
now almost obliterated and cotton
und corn now grow luxuriantly on the
noli once leddencd with the blood of
heroes. By tho courtesy of Assistant
General Passenger Agent William II.
Taylor, of Atlanta, wo were allowed
"stop-overs" "at will," to visit these
historic places which dot the country
around for the rest of our journey to
Washington. To describe them fairly
would lcqulre a special letter, there
fore I will make mention of only one
placo en route at this time. About
threo miles out from Atlanta Is a large
oak tree where Confederate General
Joseph 13. Johnson surrendered his
command to General Hood, when he
confessed his Inability to keep the
Yankes out of Atlanta. A board sign
on this tree explains the day and date.
A terrible conflict followed where
thousands wore slaughtered, und Gen
eral Sherman entered the rebellious
stronghold in triumph and laid the
city low. The old earthworks still re
main as powerful reminders of the
"lost cause."
In fifteen miles from tho city, In
Stone Mountain, are the noted gray
granite quarries comprising in one sec
tion, some fi.OOO acres, used In paving
and curbing the streets of Atlanta,
Cincinnati and Philadelphia, etc., and
extensively used in various public
buildings. This particular granite
hardens with age. The red shale
ground along the lino nf the road Is
called "rotten granite" when dug, but
hardens on exposure to the atmosphere,
lied shale land Is very strong and pro
ductive. Wo travel through largo sec
tions covered with fields of cotton anc
corn, and from every hut are seen from
a half dozen to twenty pairs of Picka
nlny black eyes peering forth to greet
the passing train that ever gives a
hearty l espouse to their "Young Amer
ica" salute the Hag. In llfty-flve miles
Aragon is l cached. Here arc cotton
mills ono employs GOO whites. This
is called the "Cotton belt." Cotton Is
Planted by April 13 and plucked in the
last of August and September.
EFFECTS OF THE CYCLONE.
At Silver Crock station wo see the
pffecln of tho cyclone that reached to
l.'irnilngliain, where houses wero laid
low and trees unrooted and great
desolation followed Its trail.
A i. Linclule. was another largo cotton
mills. lOO feet long, employing 1.60C
hands In making sheetings alone. At
Home, Ga., (half way between Atlanta
and Chattanooga), Is another cotton
center, located at tho junction of three
rivers, that form the Coosa, river. Hern
are cotton mills, also charcoal furnaces,
pig Iron works, etc., with a population
of 7,500. "Shorter" Woman's college 1?
located here. At Dalton are large lum
ber mills. Hero we see cars of Scran
ton coal, retail at $.r.00, while Tonnes
sec and Alabama bituminous, sells at
$2 and $2.50. The large music publish
ing house or A. J. Showalter & Col, em
ploying 150 hands. Is located hero. Dal
ton has a population of 5,000 and is o
thriving city. But the objective point
of our journey Is Chattanooga, tho
"Queen City of the Mountains," whose
gr.ces swing wide open to the world
and where old Lookout Mountain, the
recorder of nges, stands aloft In solemr
grandeur, overlooking the busy, prog
ressive city at Its feet.
Chattanooga Is located on the Ten
nessee river near tho junction of the
threo great states of Tennessee.
Georgia nnd Alabama, 5C." miles from
Its mouth. The river here, which al
most embraces the city, Is a half mile
wide and the same slzo as to depth,
volume of water, general width and
length ns the Ohio river, comprising
2.500. miles. This bustling city lying
under tho shadow of and nt the base
of lofty Lookout mountain Is almost
surrounded by mountains nnd hills,
with tho Tennessn river on the north
west. It Is the Industrial and com
mercial center or a mavelously rich
section carved fiom theso threo above
named states. So manifest wero tho
natural advantages of the city's loca
tion, that tho unlettered Indian could
not fall to read them, as he roved from
tho lakes to the Gulf and he chose Its
present slto for n camping ground, "tho
only available natural path leading
through the mountains north und
south tho place where tho lines con
verged to a point, "tho meeting and
crossing of ways by water and by
land."
Being nhout equal distant between
tho larger cities of thu north und
south, cast nnd west, makes this the
natural crossing and divisional point
for all lines of railroads which now
stretch out from the cl(y llko spokes
of a. wheel, to all points of thu com
pass, following the valleys which con
verge nt this point and tho course of
the river which breaks through tho
Cumberland mountains a Tew miles be
low tho city, comprising no less than
twelve separate and distinct compet
ing lines. In this later tlmo tho shrewd
man of business, quick to sco tho bear
ing of every resource In tho develop
ment of Industry und commerce, has
confirmed the judgment of the Indian
savage,
POPULATION COSMOPOLITAN.
The population Is cosmopolitan, con
taining a largo proportion of northern
people, who have come here on account
of the delightful climate und various
other attractions. Tho majority of the
business men uro o (lint active, hardy
ThU ilptftture U oft eveTij box oT.tlo gentln
Laxative Brbmo0JnineTwu
Tlrero'isai.'jraD'dsnucl a acnmtejrcascm'why-wo '
sold s.qrEKJDanDD-packngos.of the irulyunmcd
TT M
S y -1 in
u ,'tA
MERRELL-SOULE
"?5c7
: u Mm, .tmi.wmiiMiaiu.wu ixxvBK73arr-
type, which reach out for something
better. Having come with an excel
lent stock of brains, pluck and energy,
many have bullded line fortunes upon
solid foundations. Nothing Is dono
here upon the "mushroom plan." That
Is not a characteristic of the city. In
this human beehive there Is no room
and little welcome for drones. Hand
some business blocks nnd beautiful
residences and streets give the city n
substantial, prosperous uppeurunco to
the visitor.
The city's growth In the last twenty
years has been simply marvelous, from
a small village to a live hustling city of
nearly 00,000 population. Tho commer
cial metropolis of a district containing
about two million people. Of Its popu
lation, 70 per cent, are white, and over
HO per cent, are Americun-born. Its
wonderful development In mineral ic
sources has proven to be of vast wealth
and Is seemingly limited. The hills
and mountains that surround the city
furnish a bountiful supply of coal and
Iron ore for all 'the railroads and fur
naces. There are six coal mines within
twenty miles of the city, thut furnish
coal ehenper.than any city in the South
except Birmingham. Tho altitude of
Chattanooga is about 700 feet above the
level of the sea. The undulating char
acter of the surface 13 such as to afford
natural drainage and through the val
leys which enter between the hills nnd
mountains, fresh breezes come to give
relief. The mean temperature in sum
mer Is 72 degrees, and winter, 42 de
grees; tho average for the past ten
years has been 60 degrees. There has
been expended $500,000 In perfecting a
scientific! system of underground sew
erage, which is said to be the most per
fect In the South, comprising thirty
five miles of pipe and ten miles of brick
sewers. About eighteen miles of street
paving has been laid, und In this re
spect the city Is better eeiulpped than
any city of twice Its size in the United
States.
"WATER SUPPLY.
The city has an abundant water sup
ply for several times Its present popu
lation. The water is taken from Look
out mountain and tho Tennessee river.
The former's pumping station Is located
at the base of Lookout mountain, and
furnishes beautiful, clear spring water,
right from the bowels nf the earth, two
miles -away, to all the southern part of
the city and residents of the mountain.
The reservoir is 17.", feet above the city,
having a capacity of six million gallons
per day. This hydrant water is used
for household purposes. The laltir
pumping station Is located two miles
above the city, on tho Tennessee river.
There are fifty miles of water mains
and over 200 lire plugs, which have a
pressure; of seventy pounds to the
sepiare Inch. The pumping and reser
voir system cost $1,000,000.
CHURCHES.
The city of Chntlunooga, Including
tho suburbs, has a church organization
for every five hundred Inhabitants,
making at leust ono hundred religious
societies; tills Is significant of the
moral tone of the city, and has given
it the name of "tho church-going city
of tho South."
Tho stranger, on entering the city,
is llrst Impressed with the public
buildings, not only the fines city hull,
the postofllee and the noble brick pile
of Grant university on Its command
ing eminence, but also with the nu
merous tall church spires rising in
graceful proportions above all sur
rounding buildings. Theso noble and
Imposing structures are especially no
ticeable and attracting when standing
on Lookout mountain or riding along
the crest of Missionary Itldgo or ap
proaching tho city from any direction.
SCHOOLS.
The city hns reason to be proud of
her public schools. Tho church nnd
school are tho modern measures of
pi ogress, ciulto as much as the factory
or commerce. Hero are six commo
dious and well arranged public schools
buildings for white children and two
others exclusively for colored pupils,
Tho public schools are In session dur
ing nine mouths of tho year, .In addi
tion to the regular graded schools, tho
city maintains (besides Grant univer
sity), high schools, normal universi
ties, colleges for females and a pie
puratory university for boys; nlso a
medical college, besides a dozen pri
vate schools of high grade. Socially,
religiously and educationally consid
ered, Chatanooga Is probubly tho most
thoroughly cosmopolitan city of Its
slzo In tho union today, Chatanooga
hits 11(5 miles or electric and steam
railway lines, reaching to ull parts of
tho city and suburbs for a flvo cent
faro, and the Rapid Transit company
has a lino running to all tho fumous
battlefields around the city. The track
Is laid with blxty pound steel rails?,
well biillnsted, and eeiulpped with
double truck, high-speed electric cars,
which 'make thirty-five miles an hour,
This lino reaches Chlcamuuga National
Military park in forty minutes and ek
tends to tho national cemetery. Or
chard Knob and Missionary Illdge,
each place I will make further men
tion of. J, k. pichniond.
A Trip to California or Florida.
Those contemplating such a trip need
but to cull on the lucul ticket ugent of
tho Lackawanna railroad and ho will
arrango every detail, Including trans
portation, berths, reservations and
checking of haggago through lo desti
nation; also will furnish rates, folders,
descriptive Hteratureand any other in
formation' desired1 on the subject.
Through. Bloopers and day coaches to
Chicago. Only one change of earn to
California.
TStoBB SUCH
inceMeax
last 'year. L Jiccausc if is
on honest product, and
latter than most people
.can make at home. It
:also saves lots .of -work
and.much money. Good
ihinrrs to save.
lYonn'Hiieh Contottaair3iirc'Mtratlt'fcv
'MUliyeiefyctMlffTocerlnttieUiUbetl Srtte at lOc
ptek. Kvctpn en erety paekai. Vttubl ptemhu
lUtof jSaj; UotJrrM.,', tllmwiracnclotftl. Itowara
ef Imltxtotsnfco flood tii mirVrt with uadttrib1a UU
trtri. Let ui know If yemr tinier Ttftiw i to mppljyw.
We wtlLtell touom tint wilt
CO., Syracuse, :N.Y
EDUCATIONAL..
Free
Tuition
By a recent act of tho legisla
ture, free tuition is now granted
at the
Literary Institute '
and ' ,
State Normal School
'i
Bloomsburg, P!.
to all those preparing to teach.
This school maintains courses
of study for teachers, for those
preparing for college, and for
those studying music.
It will par to write for particular.
No other school oilers sucli suDcrior ad
Tantcgc!) at such low rates. Address
J.P.Welsli, A. H.f Ph.D.,Pfin,
SCRANTON CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOLS,
SCRANTOV, PA.
T. J. Foster, President Elmer II. tawill, Ireis.
It. J. Foster, Stanley P. Allen,
VIco President. Becretirj.
RAILROAD TIME TABLES.
Delaware, Lackawanna and Western.
In Kffect Nov. . 1001.
Trains leave Seninton for New York At 1. 10.
3.15. 0.03, 7.M and 10.03 a. m. : r.M5, S.10, 3.M
p. in. For New York and Philadelphia 7.50,
10.0,1 a. m., nnd 12.15 and B.&S 1). m. For Toll
lianna At 0.10 p. in. For Iluffalo 1.15, P.'JS and
P.00 a. in.; 1.55, CM and If.:", p. m. Tor Uins
hamton and way hl.it Ions I0.M a. m. and 1.10
p. in. For (Kuego, .Sjrac.UM" and Utica 1.13 and
0.22 a. tn.; 1.55 p. in. Oswego, Syracuse and
Utica train at 0.22 a. in. dilly, exuent Sunday.
For Montrose D. 00 u. in.; 1.10 and tt.50 p. ni.
Nicholson accommodation 4.00 and 0.15 p. uu
Uloomshuig jJivieion 1'or Aoriiiunioeriana, at
fi.35 and 10.05 a. ni.; 1.55 and 0.10 p. m. 1'or
Plymouth, at S.10 a. m.; .".10 and 9.00 p. in.
Sunday Train For New York, 1.40, 3.16, G.W
and 10.05 a. in.; :U0, 3.a.l p. m. For UuUalo 1.15
and 0.22 a. in.; 1.55, 0.50 nnd 11.35 p. tn. For
Illngtuiiilon and way i,tation& 10.20 a. nu
Uoonr-linn; D Ision Leave S-cranlon, 10.05 a.
in. and fc.10 p. in.
Delaware and Hudson.
In UlTcct Not ember 21, 10O1.
Trains for Carbomlalo leavr bcranlon at ,6,20,
8.00, S.KI, 10.13 a. 31.; 12.00, 1.20. 2.313.5'
6.20, 0.26. 7.57, 9.15, 11.20 p. in.; 1,31 a. m.
For Iloncidale, 0.20, 10.13 a. in.; 2.31 and 5.21
p. ni.
For WilKes-Uaue !.::. 7.l, 8.11, n.:R. 'in.n
a. m.; 12.0.1, 1.12, 2.18, 3.23, 1.27, 6.10, 7.43,
10.41, U.i' P- "' . it.
For h. V. R. It. l'oinU-C.3S, 0.38 a. m.; 2.13,
1.27 and 11.30 V- "
For l'enii'j lvaula P. It. I'oinls 0.83, 9.3S a.
ni.; 1.42, 3.2S and 1.27 p. m. '"
For Albany and all points north O.20 a. m.
and 3.52 p. m.
SUNDAY TKAINS.
For Carbondalc 8.50, 11,33 a. in.; 2.31, 3.62,
B.52 and 10.62 p. ni.
For Wilkcs-Darre 0.3S a. m.; 12.0.1, l.CS. 3,23,
C.32 and 8,42 p. in.
For Albjny and points north .1.62 p. in.
For Iloncsdale S.50 a. m. and 3.52 p. ra.
V. I,. I'ltYOK, P. P. A., Scranton, Fa.
u
New Jersey Central.
In WTect Nov. 17. 1001.
Ftation.1 In New York. loot of Liberty street
and South Ferry, N, It.
Trains leaco Seranton for New Yoik, Philadel
phia, toton, lletlilehem, Allentottii Mauch
Chunk, White llaen, Ashley and Wllkca-Iiarro at
7.30 a. in., 1 p. in. and 4 p. ly. Sunday, 2.10 p.m.
Quaker City Pxprcss lcavea Seranton at 7.30
a. in., through solid vestibule) train with rullmari
llullct 1'arlor Cars, for Philadelphia.
For Aoca, 1'ltUton and Wllkcs-llirre, 1 p. ni.
and t p. in. Sundiy, 2.10 p. in.
For Long Ilrancli, Ocean drove, etc., 7.30 a.
m. and 1 p. in.
For Heading, Lebanon and lUrrlsburg, via Al
lentown, at 7.30 a. in. and 1 p. in, Sundiy,
2.10 p. in.
For I'ottmlllo nt 7.,".0 n. in, and 1 p. m.
For latest and ticket apply to agent at station.
O, M. HURT, Cicn. Pass. gt.
W. W. WENT,. Cen. Supt.
Pennsylvania Bailrond.
Schedule in Kllcct Juno 2, 1001.
Twins leucn Scranton: fl.33 a. in., week ilajs,
through vestibule train from Wllked.IIarro. Pull,
man buffet pallor car and coache to rtiiladel
,lil i, Nil I'otUullo; ttopj lit principal Inlerme.
Mate stations. Alo conmclH toi Punbury, Hai
rhbuig, Philadelphia, IhiUimciir, Waaiilneton and
for I'lttsburg ami tho uct.
1.3S a. m week dajs, (or Sunbury, Ilarrbbur;,
I'hlladelphii, llaltlmore, Washington and Pitts
burg and llio wot.
1.42 ii. in., week dajs (Simdais, 1.5S p. m.),
lor Sunbury, llarrUburg, Philadelphia, Haftimore,
Washington ami Pittsburg ami tho west.
3.23 p. in., week days, through c.itlbuIo train
from Wllkes-ll irre. Pullman buffet parlorcarand
cuachc'4 to Philadelphia U I'otUWUo. Slope at
pilmlpal Intermediale station,
4.27 p. in., week dajs, (or llulelen, Sunbury,
UarrUburg, Philadelphia and Pittsbuig.
.1. II, Hine'lllNFON, (len. .Mgr.
J. It. WOOD, den, Pass. Agt.
New York, Ontario and Western.
In F.ffect Tuesday, Sept. 17, pjoi.
Mlltlll I10UM),
I.eao Le.ip Arriil
Tralm. Scrauioti, c arnouiuio. I'adoal
v0 i lO.Ma. in. II. 10a, vi, l.oiip. nl
v' 7 0.10 p. 111. Ar. C'arbondala u.40 p. n
.im.v ...... v Arrive
Tialius. C'ado.la. t'aibondalr, Scrantrfn,
So. 0 7,00 a, m. 7,40 a. in,
Ko, 2.13p.m. 4.00p.ni, 4 40 p. A,,
BCMI'.H u.lMti .wn, uuuhii, ,
L4o Lruio A
rile
Train.
No. U .
Nw. 5
Scranton. Caibondah. Cd
., S.aua. ins O.ICTp.in, 10.45.
., 7.00 p. m. Ar, t'arboiidala 7,40 ii
solnii UOUND. '
sls.
, ni,
. ni.
Lcace l.eato , ,i
rlv
Trains.
No. 0
Cadoslj.
Carbondale.
7.00 a. in.
ficyxnton.
7.e0 a. in.
No. 10....
4.30 p. l
0.00 n. m. B iV, ,
iVnlni Nod. 1 on week dax. ami 0 on s.lmijw
make main jlne connections (or New Ypr;i eit,
Sllddletown. Walton, Noiwlcb, Oneida, Ojwego
and all polntl ucot. '(
tor luriner nuuimauoii, consult itchoi agents.
J. f). ANPr.liWIN, 0. V, A New) York.
. wn&il. T. P. A., Scranton, .J
J. K
Erie Hailroad, Wyoming- DiyiBion.
Train for New Yoik, Xeu burgh am inleimi.
dlatu ixMi'U le.no Scranton as follw.i! 7.;o t
in.,; 2,25 p. m. 1
, ArrivU-l0.35 a. nl. from Mlddletcwn. Hones
dale, Uawlcy and Intermediate polnttJ U.20 p. m.
(rem New York, Nfwburgh tnd I jntcnnedlit
tvtlnr a CunJv Irabu I