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THE SORANTON TRIBUNE-WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 9, 1901.
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GLASS MAKING
AT BUFFALO
TO BE REPRESENTED AT PAN
AMERICAN BBlOW.
ffhB Exhibit Will Be Historical la
Showing the Different Stages of the
Industry and the Various Changes
In Method Which Have Taken
Place Since the Earlier Bays.
pedal Ccrrespor.Jfnce.
Buffalo, Jan. 8. In the United States
and Canada there are 401 elans factor
ies having a combined capacity of
11,091 pots. This Importance has de
veloped by slow stages and many cost
ly experiments. Every department of
manufacture Is represented In this
long list from tho plate store front to
the tiniest and most dellcato trinket
In American countries, practical con
sideration!! come first, the utilitarian
qualities in tiny lino of manufacture
properly receiving tho sreatcst atten
tion. Artistic and decorative features
follow as tlmo and education craato
the demand. This Is especially notice
able In the first production of glass
In America.
Such useful articles as black bottles,
tumblers and other common table ware
woro made in Virginia more than a
hundred years ago. These were fol
lowed closely by tho manufacture of
7x9 window glass and lines of novel
' ties, many of which have since become
necessary staples.
Glass and glassware nt the Pan
American exposition will bo represent
ed historically, carefully Illustrated
with a view of showing Its develop
ment along industrial lines from the
first crude and clumsy productions to
the finest cut glass table ware, dell
cato fabrics and highly tempered
musical glasses. Many Interesting pro
cesses will be shown and many ar
ticles made on the grounds.
AN ANCIENT ART.
Olusswaro Is so common, the gen
eral public hurdly stops to consider
how it Is made or where It comes
from, and the Importance to the coun
try of a business which employs so
muny men and circulates such volumes
of money, Is little considered.
The art of glass making Is very old,
so old that It was known In Egypt In
Joseph's time, three thousand live hun
dred years ago. It has grown In im
portance, volume and variety with
fach succeeding century until it has
become one of tho staple articles of
manufacture in every civilized coun
try. Like all extensive lines of manu
facture, tho business is divided Into
specialties. Factories are constructed
for the manufacture of one specillc
article In which nothing else Is made.
A plate glass factory Is a largo affair,
covering perhaps twenty acres. Every
thing about the plant Is designed and
arranged with a view of facilitating
tho manufacture of plato glass with
out regard to any other branch of the
business. The process is extremely
simple and tho machinery ponderous
and expensive: so much so that at
least half a million dollars appears to
bo absolutely necessary to operate a
plate glass factory successfully.
COMPONENT PARTS.
M'hlte sand, soda ash, charcoal nnd
nrsenlo compose the ingredients,
though the exact proportions Is a
guarded secret, varying somewhat in
each factory. When weighed and
mixed, a certain amountabout five
bushels Is placed In a pot, the pot
lowered Into a furnnco where it re
mains for ten or twelve hours before
it ia melted and sufficiently homogen
eous. It Is then carried to an iron
table upon which It Is poured and
rolled out flat, the thickness being de
termined by btrlps of iron at the sides
of the table. It Is then wheeled into
mi annealing oven where It is allowed
to remain for a day or two, tho hpat
being gradually lowered. When cool,
it is trimmed, ground nnd polished af
ter which it is cut to size and carried
to the stock room.
The manufactuie of gluss mosaics
has been maintained by the Italian
government for several centuries. The
individual artistic character of tho
workmen enter Into this Industry to a
greater degree than In any other dec
orative art. In fact, the term line aits
would easily Include this production.
In the. first place tho study of color
is exceedingly important. The mater
ials of glass are mixed with various
coloring materials, which are chiefly
metallic oxides, in a manner to form
opaque colored enamels. The glass
made In this manner Is piessed Into
slabs which are cut Into very email
cubes or rectangular pieces. Shades
and colors to the number of so 000
are made in this manner which are
graded, carefully classified and regis
tered. ART GLASS.
With these colored tints tho picture
is built up, being composed or copied
as the artist decides, the decision in
most cases being do'errolned by tho
ability and character of the artisan
For copying, a work of one of tho
fine old Italian masters Is usually
chosen. Tho art Is handed down in
families from father to son, the artis
tic value of the work depending, of
course, upon individual ability.
The picture is compiled by inserting
Pieces of cubes of colored glass ono by
ono In a setting of cement which dries
1o extreme hardness. Each piece Is
fitted by being ground at a lathe to
the exact shape required by the par
ticular tint or color which It Is de
fined to represent In the picture. The
process Is extremely slow and when
pompleted In the rough, the surface Is
ground to a true surface and caie
fully polished.
Another process which has been but
little used for a century or more con
slsed of building a comploto plcturo
on ach surface of the finished glass.
Tho process consisted of building up
on eirch side of a centre web, by means
of colored glass fibres which were
fitted together with tho utmost exact
ness and cemented by fusion into a
solid mass. This was afterwards sur
faced by hand. Tho process probably
comprised the most intricate and
painstaking mode of building a plc
turo that tho ingenuity of man has
ever devised.
GLASS PAPEIt.
The term glass paper applies to a
polishing or smoothing paper for use
on wooden surfaces, and Is generally
referred to and known as sand paper,
though In this particular form the sur
faco 1h covered with glass Instead of
and. Tho fragments of broken bottles
nnd coarse waste, after being care
fully washed to remove all greaso and
dirt, Is crushed under a revolving
stono and sifted into six sizes. Th
sifting Is dono by means of revolving
cylinders of wire cloth having from 18
to SO wires to the Inch. A surface of
thin glue Is spread on the paper and
the sifted glass dusted over It with a
sieve. Ono patent process consists of
coating cloth in this manner Instead
of pnpor, two applications of, glue and
sifted glass being applied.
Tho process of soldering glass Is not
very common, and the fact of ever re
sorting to a soldering process for tho
purpose of uniting two pieces of glass
would hardly bo thought of outstdo of
the business.
In Vienna, a process Is worked
which makes curled or frizzled yarn
from glass. Tho composition of the
glass Is peculiar and it is kept a caro
ful secret. The material costs but
little and the yarn Is made rapidly. It
Is woven Into fabrics, which are used
for many different purposes, such as
carpets, tablo linen, shawls, etc. A
dress made for the Hawaiian princess,
Lllllokuoanl, was written and talked
about somo years ago, though tho ma
terial has not become fashionable. A
cloth is made having a warp of silk
with a glass woof, which is very lus
trous and pretty.
It would be Impossible to enumerate
tho extent or give an ndequato Idea of
the scope of the glass xhlblt at tho
Pan-American. Such o. thoroughly
classified history of glass, Its useful
ness and its ornate value was never
.before attempted. Besides tho exhibit
proper, a glass actory will be In oper
ation showing tho process of manufac
ture In a great variety of articles from
the crudo materials to tho finished
product. Herbert Shearer.
m
MODERN MAP MAKING.
Some Idea of the Immense and Cost
ly Labor Involved.
O. C. Adams,in The World's Work.
Tho textbooks which our school
children used one hundred years ago
told them nothing of the Rocky Moun
tains or tho ranges of the Pacific
slope. The exploration of three
fourths of our vast domain has been
tho work of our government nnd pri
vate citizens. In a broad sense. It has
been well done; and In the past twenty-one
years It has been succeeded by
detailed studies and surveys which
should be specially mentioned, for they
are n phase of exploration which has
been carried out on a large scale only
In tho nineteenth century, and which
Is essential to the .production of tho
most accurate maps. No topographic
feature or town or the distribution of
economic resources can bo mapped
with the greatest attainable accuracy
till these surveys are made. They In
volve, first, tho preparation of a topo
graphic map showing the relief or In
equalities of the surface, the diuln
agc, and the works of man, such ns
roads, railroads, boundaries, mid
towns; second, the geologic limp, print
ed In colors upon the topographic base
map, showing the distribution of the
rock formations, soils, useful mlneials,
artesian waters, etc.
These surveys and the resulting
maps are ono of the most scientific de
velopments of geographic reseat ch in
this century. They have been com
pleted In all count! ies of Europe ex
cept In Norway, Spain, Turkey, and
somo of the Balkan States. The great
survey of India Is one of the monu
ments of cartography, and similar
surveys are far advanced in Algeria
nnd Tunis. The topographic work has
been carried by our general govern
ment, with the assistance of a few
states, Into all the states and territor
ies, and nearly a third of our entire
area has now been completed, The
labor is enormous and costly and
many years will elapse before the
wholo country can be mapped with
the refinement und accuracy that
characterize the map sheets of tho
most of Europe.
PRESIDENT HAYS.
Man Who Receives Highest salary
of Any Railroad Executive.
Fruin the Saturday Ecning roil.
Only twelve years ago Charles ..
Fays, the new president of the Sou h
orn Pacific railroad, held a elricai
position. Now he receives the highest
fc nry paid to any railroad president
in America probably In the world
This is said to be $35,000. or $3,000 mor
than 13 paid to the president of the
United States. The peculiarity of Mr.
Hays' mental equipment which enables
him to command this splendid Income
I? uoli Illustrated by a certain buach
of old letters reposing in the pigeon
hole of the desk of an olliclul who was
a ruhoidlnatc to Mr. Hnys when the
latter was general manager of the
Unbat'h road. Some of these epistles
nro only two or three lines In leiiRth,
but not ono of, them is too short to
contain a sentence of olllclal commen
dation of a kind calculated to stir the
heart of tho most Indifferent subordin
ate. Tho ability to bestow approval
vltli tho same 'HTScernnipnt nnd
promptness with which he niete out
criticism Is held to be the secret of
his phenomenal success.
Ills complete demonstiatton of re
markable abilities for harmonizing
conl'.fctlng Interests nnd attracting a
large, popular and loynl following was
mndo ns vice-president nnd general
manager of th.o Grand Trunk line.
Heie he encountered a dee.p-seatod
prejudice against his Yankee origin
nnd American methods. From llag
man to directors tho road was
staunchly British. Ited tape and of
ficialism were highly doveloped in the
service. Thero was not, It Is said, a
typewriting machine in any office of
the system.
One of the first orders Issued by Mr.
Hays was for a force of stenographers
nnd typewriters, nnd an equipment of
mnchlnes for tho entire system. But
tho most revolutionary practice which
he carried Into effect on tho big Cana
dian road was the "open door" policy.
Not only did Mr. Hays keep his own
door open to all who had legitimate
and Important business, but he also
saw to it that the doors of tho of
ficials under him were broadly open to
tho public. Mr. Hays Is only forty
four years of nge and was born In
Rock Island, Illinois.
Deafness Cannot Be Cured
by local application u they cannot reach tho
diseased portion of tho tar. There It only one
way to cure dculncw, and that in by constitu
tional remedies. Deafncas ia caused by an In
flamca condition ot tho mucous lining of the
Eustachian Tube. When this tube is Inflamed
you hao a rumbling sound or Imperfect hetrlne,
and uhen it is entirely closed, Deafness is the re
sult, and unless the inflammation can be taken
out and this tube restored to its norms! condi
tion, hearlnK will be destroyed fornver: nine
rase out of ten are caused by Catarrh, htch Is
nothing but an inflamed condition of the mucous
surfaces.
We will Bhe Ono Hundred Dollars for any case
ot Deafness (caused by catarrh) that cannot be
cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure, Bend for circular!,
free.
V, J. CHK.N'KY & CO., Toledo, O.
Bold by DrUKirlaU. 75c.
Hall's Family I'lll art the best I
I . . --rmrTr
The White Sale
Jonas Long's Sons
2
The White Sale
THE WHITE SALE
BEGINS TODAY.
The store is a veritable city of white. Windows, aisles, rotunda, counters and shelves peep forth in
nature's purest tint. It is a pretty sight one you are sure to enjoy the merchandise and the prices will
interest you beyond anything of the kind ever held in Scranton.
One of the chief events of the year in the Jonas Long's Sons' Stores is the annual sale of white goods. Important because its success is
firmly established due to similar sales of three years past. It is not a hurried sale : it commands extreme preparation and utmost care. The un
dermuslins have been making for many months -perfectly finished garments await you. These are not ordinary sales, where quality is cheap
ened in order to lessen the price. The broad scope of the store gives you the best there is or that can be made for the money a policy that is
only possible in a store where quantities are sufficiant to regulate the price.
A
I
Corset Covers
Ladies' fine quality Muslin Corset Cov
ers, made from an improved pattern and
perfectly finished, with felled seams
for the Great January White Sale at only
Not More Than
f 1 HU LU It bUS.
5
tomcr.
Muslin Gowns '
Splendid quality of muslin, made '
with tucked yoke and embroid- '
ery. Good width. For the great '
January White Sale
wo io m a it
a Buyer.
Muslin Gowns
Fine musiin in three styles, some Em
pire trimmed with embroidery, others
with V and square yokes elaborately
trimmed. For the Great January White Sale only
g Not riore Than
- Jc Two to a Cus-
-F tomer.
Muslin Chemise
Very fine quality of Muslin Chemise,
perfectly made and finished and quite
elaborately trimmed with torchon lace.
For the Great January White Sale at only
Not flora Than
Two to a Customer.
19
Cambric Gowns
Best quality of cambric, made
with line embroidered tucked
voice; full width and
For the great l.inuary
White Sale....'.
Two to
a Buyer.
length.
Corset Covers
Made up from very fine cam
bric, French style, some of them
with square yokes. For the great
J anuary White Sale -
Two to iyc
a Buyer. .
Cambric Drawers
Very fine Cambric Drawers,
made extra wide and finely
trimmed with lace and inserting.
For the great January f
White-Sale UC
Two to 17
a Buyer.
Cambric Drawers
Ladies' Superb Quality Ci.hjii'c Drawers, cut very
lull and finished with hemstitched ruflles and yoke
band; superior to any ever offered at 35c.
For the great January White Sale at only
Ig-. Not More Than
fllc Two to a Cus.
Jr tomer.
White Fur Rugs
Exquisite floor coverings,
real fi.r rugs, full 27x60
inches in size, heavily
lined with felt and fin
ished in the best man
ner. For the Great
January White Sale
at only
Muslin Skirts
Ladies' tine grade of Muslin Skirts, made with very
deep umbrella flounciiijj and trimmed with several
rows of line plaiting ; splendidly finished.
For the great January White Sale at only
Not More Than
Two to a Customer.
49-
Muslin Skirts
Extra quality of Heavy Muslin Skirts, made with
very deep umbrella frames and elaborately trimmed
with fine lace, little narrow plaits, etc.
For the great January White Sale at only
Not more Than
Two to a Customer.
98
Handkerchiefs
Ladies' Fine Swiss and Cambric Hand
kerchiefs with hemstitched borders
and scalloped edges; others with
lace and drawn work corners.
Big variety of styles and
worth up to 25c. Janu
ary White Sale, each
Curtain Swiss
Full yard wide, uncom
monly good qual
ity; January white -fl -I c
sale 1 1
Swiss Curtains
Ruffled Swiss Curtains,
full width and length. Jan
uary White Sale,
pair
Tray Cloths
And Stand Covers of fine
lined, stamped ready to
work; some drawn work.
arm a ry White M fire
Sale.:
Kid Slippers
Fincsi white kid, in new
toe shapes, ribbon bows
and straps, with pretty
buckk: on top.
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37 A 2 4v T .As$-. ' F V ' Sale.: 40
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For ladies'
handsome styles
in Grey Tourist Hats,
trimmed in vhite silk
and pon pons the newest
effects in the most predominant
styles.
Dinner Sets
One hundred piece Din
ner Sets of finest English
porcelain, decorated in the
newest flord designs. Pos
itively worth 1 1. 00. Jan
uarv White AQ
Sale.' DivJO
White Lawn
Fine in quality, full 40
in. wide; worth 15c Qc
January White Sale..
Table Linen
Full bleached all linen
Table Damask, worth 59
cents. January ffic
White Sale 4"0
Fine Towels
Rest all Linen Towels.
full 40 inches long, worth
inc. lanuarv White Oc
Sale 1
8'
White Groceries
Sugar, fine granulated, 18 lbs 1.00
Flour, Jonas Long's Sons' Best, barrel 4.50
Soap. "White Cloud", large bar, 7 for 25c
Codfi9J, Cream of Codfish, pkgs. for. 2Sc
Lard, Swift's Best, per pound 9c
Rice, fancy Carolina, 6 pounds for 25c
Corn, fancy N. Y. cream, 3 cans for 25c
Starch, large lump, laundry, 6 lbs. for. 25c
Salt, diamond crystal, fine, package 8c
Baking Powder, J. L. S., pure, per pound.... 18c
Baking Powder, Royal, i lb. can lc
Apples, evaporated, N. Y. State, lb 7c
Crackers ; Hitchner's tid bits, package 7c
Condensed Milk, Dr. Hand's, ball brand, 3 for 25c
Scouring Compound, Army and Navy, pkg.. 5c
Oocoanut, Schepp's improved, lb. pkg.... 10c
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Boys' Waists
White laundered, plaited
front and back, cuffs
attached, all sizes
frm 7 to 12 yrs
44'
fa,.
Of
6,yst
$&?
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The White Sale
Jonas Longs Sons.
The White Sale
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