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THE SC11ANTON T1UBUNE-SATURDAY, DECEMBER !!), 1900.
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I.THE TREND OF EVENTS.
Tr TVrilOlUMI the lust your of tho
mfj Nineteenth century tlevcloped
T-1 untiling of pre-eminent ln
mi M portanco In literature, science
or nrt, the future historian
will revert to It us the beginning: of u
long aeries of events noccssnrlly result
ing from the Inauguration of Pan-Anglican
pollcloH embracing nil the widely
separated countries which are domi
nated by Anglican Inlluences.
No event In American history, or In
tho history of the world since the
Nnpleonlc wnrH. hus had a greater his
torical significance than the "Anglo
Saxon" rapprochement, contemplated as
a possibility during1 tho whole century,
but actually effected only In Its closing
year. The attempt to restore a. har
monious political, commercial and 11
nanclal modus vlvendl, between Eng
land and the United States was made
with great skill nt the beginning of the
century and again at the time of the
Opium -war, but in both eases the
friendly advances of England were re
jected, ns a result of deep-seated preju
dices produced by the wars of tho
Revolution and of 181:1. There existed,
Ion, nt that time, a feeling that Amer
ica .had a peculiar destiny as "a herald
of llborly to all mankind," and every
effort of friendship and alliance from
the governing Bass in England was
met by counter demonstrations of sym
pathy for Ireland In the famines which
have so frequently afflicted it, and
under the Anglican coercion acts which
have driven so many of its people to
America. Such influences ns this, co
operating with resentment of the exul
tation shown by the English "upper
classes" because of our Civil war, post
poned, until the final year of the cen
tury, the most important single event
in International politics since Cllvo and
Hastings laid, in India, the foundations
of that great Anglican empire which
survived tho suicide of the one and tho
Impeachment of the other.
From any point of view, what has
been actually effected In the interna
tional politics of the year, seems Im
possible, Incredible! With a population
consisting so largely of the descend
ants of Irishmen, Germans. Scandi
navians and others whose sympathy Is
supposably with American, rather than
Anglican, ideals, the United States
seemed destined at the beginning of tho
Twentieth century, as at the beginning
of the Nineteenth, to assert in proud
isolation the right to world-leadership
by virtue of a distinct national ideal
which cannot succeed morally In the
politics of the world or even of the
Americans without completely revolu
tionizing the thought and existing
luliticitl system of England.
THK UNEXPECTED HAPPENS.
What could never have been expected
-vhnt has actually happened during
the year was this: England has joined
Its colonies in a union, which rolects
oiiuulfty.and secures the supremacy of
the South Briton (from the wall of
.-events to the Land's End) over the
r-j.st. but expects the rest to support
'.-until British policies with men and
money. Canada and the states of Aus
tralia have Joined England In over
throwing the South African republics
and, having done so, have united more
closely with England In the great Pan
Anglican movement which has Included
the United States, developed tho war In
hina, and resulted In the crushing de
reat of the "Liberals" In England and
of the "Democrats" in the United
States.
The policies of which these results
are incidents were carefully matured
and, during the last four years, they
have been developed with the highest
skill and with a determination which
Btopped at nothing. A part of this plan,
matured In advance, wns, undoubtedly,
that the United States should annex or
control Hawaii, Cuba, Porto Rico and
the Philippines, using the lutter as a
base to support Pan-Anglican opera
tions In the East; thus checking Ger
many, Prance and Russia in their
rivalry with England.
When, In 1898, It became obvious to
intelligent students of politics that this
plan had been matured, It was equally
apparent that for tho Democratic party
in the United States and the Liberal
party in England only n boldness
superior to tho astounding audacity of
this attack could avail as a means of
preventing overwhelming defeat. The
necessity was self-evident, Intelligence
was not lacking and courage would
have Increased with action; but neither
In England nor America did the Oppo
sition have the morale the faith In
Itself and Its own professions of faith
to meet the emergent.',
OB3TRUCTIONARY TACTICS.
No matter what the "Issues" are,
there are two policies which no party
In opposition can adopt without disor
ganizing itself:
First It inevitably defeats Itself If,
when In opposition, It grows more con
servative, as the administration party
grows more radical. Roth In England
itnd America the "practical" politicians
or tho Opposition did this. Hud they
been better linguists they might have
reflected that those who grow more
conservative on tho outside necessarily
"con-serve" the outside for their pains,
and stay out!
Second The Opposition In America
attempted what one of tho best jruo
(leal politicians who ever lived con
cluded to bo Impossible, except for
those who muke up their minds to the
resultant ducking: It uttemntnri n
".swap Isaueswhliecrossingtho stream,"
No matter what the "paramount" Issue
Is, t can never be successfully changed
fop another aft,er It has been joined.
It will be found, on examination of
party organization, both In England
and America, that these lethal Imbecil
ities of Opposition politics wero tho
result of a single cause the skill with
wh'liih those who controlled tho poll
cles of tho administration party con
trolled also tho machinery of the Op
position. The attempt to do this Is a
permanent feature of Machiavellian
statesmanship; but If there wero noth
ing novel In the attempt, the complete
pitccesB It achieved Is without preced
ent In recent politics,
, CONDITIONS 'FAVOnARLU.
- The social and economic conditions
of .the yeur were favorable for It. The
fmrty of moral Ideas" ceased to exist
In England with Gladstone. Liberal
leadership In parliament has been put
in, the. bunds of a man of so llttlo moral
force that only those who Imyo eccen
tile nieiiioriPM can recull his name. In
Ainvrk-a, u bid was muds for ui'Utu.
The World in 1900
FIELDING LEWIS,
oratlc support nt the South, and an
Important part of tho work of recon
structing Cuba, under military con
trol, was given to the leading repre
sentative of the Lee family, while, ill
the same time, tho forces which con
trolled the administration reached Into
the Democratic organization and
"eliminated" the Idealists and "dis
turbers of business." In the same con
nection, a general movement was made
from London and New York as cen
tres of operation to advance and hold
up prices not merely of manufactured
goods, but of agricultural products.
Southern cotton and Western grain
were advanced under favorable condi
tions which mudo It possible to make
the advance Impressive at a time bank
clearings were declining. A world
wide exertion of tho activity of manu
facturers, banks, rallronds and mer
chants followed with this giving such
a splendid Illustration of the power of
organization as may well be pro
nounced worthy of the Inst year of the
Nineteenth century.
II. INDUSTHIAIi EXPANSION IN
1000.
Intimately associated with the po
litical movement of the year was an
unprecedented International movement
of trade "expanslon,', attributed to the
closer organization and more effective
co-operation of combinations of capi
tal, which takes no account of the
boundary lines of ountrles as they are
marked on the maps. The protected
Industries of the United Stntes, long
subject to attack because of their dis
regard of tho export trade, exerted
themselves In carrying out woll-con-celved
plans for making such a show
ing of export business as would silence
their opponents on this score. This
American activity was met by corre
sponding activity in England, Ger
many and other countries of Europe,
so that the year shows "expansion"
extraordinary in many respects be
sides Its volume. Tt was accompanied
in tho United Stutes by increasing
restriction and high prices for articles
offered In the "home market," the ex
ported "surplus" serving to "relievo
the homo market" nnd thus prevent a
break. In almost every important line
of production, the American market
was controlled thus during the whole
of tho year, and the same phenomenon
was marked in England, where the
combination of corporations was a
feature of the year's business.
EXPORT MOVEMENT.
The export movement from the
United States, Canada. England, Ger
many and France was the most nota
ble feature of the year's history un
less we except the "colonial expan
sion," witli which trade expansion
seems to have had an intimate moral
relation. In a recent number of tho
Bunker's Magazine (London), Mr. J.
R. Lawson makes a very intelligent
comment on this. "Just now," he
says, "the world is on tho crest of a
great wave of Industrial activity which
dwarfs everything else. Tho most gi
gantic speculations of the day are car
ried on, not in stocks, but In coal, iron,
copper, cotton,- and even breadstuffs.
While consols and other gilt-edged se
curities Jiave been wasting away, sta
ple commodities have doubled or tre
bled in value. Every manufacturer in
the country (England) Is busy. Iron
works, factories and ship-building
yards all are at high pressure. The
industrial output, not only of the
United Kingdom, but of all the com
mercial states is unprecedented." Tiio
statistics fully support this assertion.
In the United States during the iirst
three-quarters of the calendar year,
exports exceeded $900,000,000 "and for
the first time in the history of our ex
port trade, every month has exceeded
$100,000,000, while the total of $131,157,
000 for March Is tho largest total ever
reached for a single month." Tho ex
cess of exports over Imports cvoraged
$40,000,000 a month. The gross earn
ings of American railroads, to October,
readied $1)08,283,000 a gain of 10 per
cent over 1S99 and of 23.2 per cent over
ISflS, Tho only thing which seems out
of sympathy with this movement is
bank exchnnge, which, as reported,
(Dunn's) in tho United States, for nine
months of the year, show, as compared
with IS'.M), a loss of 13.-1 per cent for the
llrst quarter; 12..1 per cent for the sec
ond; and IS.'.i .per cent for tho third.
The comptroller of the currency re
ports, however, that from March 1st to
September llth, ",12 banks wero organ
ized under the new act with a capital
of $1(1,098,000, Unolllclal statistics or
new Industrial and commercial corpor
ations organized from January In Aug
ust give them a total capital of $1,S('!',
(500,000 Incredible flguies which go
well with the general movement of
buMness.
AN INTKUXATIONAI, MOVK.MHNT,
The statement that this movement
was international Is fully supported by
the report) of reliable English statis
ticians. They place the Increase In
Urn export business of th United
States for the llscal year at 14 r!r cent
over the preceding year; with an in
i reaso for Canuda of in per cent dur
ing the same iltui. From January to
July, English exports were 1G8,92S,000
-a gain of i!3,O0O,O0O over 1898, In
tho samo period German exports
showed a total of .C10,521,000 ns com
pared With 89,481,000 tho previous
year, France Increased over 20 per
cont; Austro-Hungary over 25 per cent
and Italy about 20,
It Is hardly necessary to extend sta
tistical Inquiry further. it Is clear
that tho Industrial movement of the
year was an unalogue of the political
nnd Its characteristic feature has been
rightly described as "expansion" rath
er than as development, The export
movement for "colonial" murkots was
coincident with a terrible famine In
India; with a destructive war In South
Africa, with lighting In the Philip
pines, and with war and radical dis
turbances of normal Industrial condi
tions In China. The figures of exports
given are all figures of valuation llxed
at tho domestic prices of the market
from which they were exported. They
do not represent sales nnd tho returns
in rash r"-ivod by the manufacturer,
tier do Uiey titan ' u" actual consump
tion road. If, : ; result of trado
(".i ' u, they 1 v fed Into actual
f-nitlonnbvo .1 at their statistical
piiiv, then "expansion" Is coincident
with development nnd this wonderful
MH'etatip of unanimity between th
b'rciit iudustiiul combinations of
iuiui'i;.'i;a;fk,i;i;Aawiii;iwxiukXiW'v..'k'iuiuiU'iuv.
IN THE MIRROR.
Europe and America Is full of hope for
progress,
III. THE COLONIAL MOVEMENT
The concert between the English
and American administrations In their
colonial policies was tho marked fea
ture of tho year In International poli
tics, as It wns In the campaign which
defeated the Liberals In Englnnd and
tho Democrats In America. Us lead
ing features wero (1). The war in
Soutli Africa (2) the wnr In tho Philip
pines (3) the war In China (4) the con
trol of Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico
by military garrisons preparatory to
organizing them under whatever modi
fication of tho English colonial sys
tem may finally bo determined on for
the United States.
The war In Soutli Africa showed a
finer spectacle of determined resist
ance to overwhelming force than the
world had seen since Kosciusko mar
shalled his handful of Poles to resist
the dismemberment of their country.
With it handful of men, tho Boers held
the Tugela river against Butler's army,
until tho close of January, and on Jan
uary 27 forced Bullet, who had crossed,
to retreat to his original lines. It wns
not until Cronjo's little army of 4,600
men had been surrounded at Paurdo
berg and captured (February 27) that
the British forces of Ttijrela vcro able
to advance at all .On March 13, Bloem
fonloln, tho capital of tho Orange Free
Stnte was occupied by Roberts, after
Dundonald had made an unresisted en
trance Into Ladysmith. (February 28).
At Korn Spruit and Roddersburg, the
Boers won Important success in
March nnd April, but they did not at
tempt a movement in force to check
the British advance. On May 16th.
Mafeklng was relieved, after a siege of
217 days, and on June 5 Lord Roberts
entered Pretoria. The Boers made no
sign of surrender, however, but, with
drawing to the hills, they have since
operated with skill nnd success to cut
off British communications. The Brit
ish plan of campaign since June lias
consisted largely of burning the houses
of Boer families which have members
In the field. In October, President
Kruger of the Transvaal sailed for
Europe to beg help from the powers,
but his case is hopeless, and no Inter
ference is to be expected from any
quarter with the English plan of
crushing tho two republics nnd re
ducing thorn to imperial colonies,
OTHER WARS.
Messrs. Wessels, Fisher and Wol
niarans, the Boer envoys, who visited
tho United States in May, were polite
ly but unofficially received at the
White House and were told that the
United States could not Interfere
against Englnnd. At that time tho ad
ministration was carrying on active
operations against the Philippines and
preparing Cuba for independence. The
war it. the Philippines seems to have
boon protracted by the Filipino leaders
in the hope of Democratic sue. -ess in
the United States. They have proba
bly lost at least 25 men for every
American killed or wounded, and their
country has been ravaged by the burn
ing of hostile villages. The war in the
Philippines and in South Africa did
not provoke great enthusiasm either in
England or America In the first quar
ter of the year. Without further ac
tivity, there was no nssurance of pop
ular support for either administration.
On February 1st, the way was opened
for operations In China by "a joint
note," headed by England and the Uni
ted States, demanding protection for
all European and American missionar
ies in China. This pledged the United
States to the concert as one of the
Powers a position it had studiously
avoided during the first hundred years
of the republic. The way was thus
piepared for a Holy War In the inter
est of religion, nnd no difllcully was
found In developing it. The patriotic
societies of China wore already on tho
verge of frenzy because of open and
long continued threats of dismember
ing their country. The Chinese gov
ernment undoubtedly encouraged 'hem
to organize. They committed frequent
atrocities, but there has be?n no con
lit inntion of the extraordinary siorles
of wholesale massacres of Christians
bj Chinese soldiers sent ojit dining the
preparations for the movement if the
allies. On May 21st, the English and
American inlnlslers at Peking, sup
ported by the other Powers, made a
formal demand on tho Chinese govern
ment for the suppression of the "Hos
i r" or Nationalist movement. On May
29th, the McKinloy administration led
the movement of the allies by lauding
murines under Admiral Kempff to act
with the American consul at iien
Tsln, Vice Admiral Sir Edward Sey
mour Joined tho United States forces
with 2,000 men (Juno Ifith), and tho
most Intense excitement ensued In
Pekin. As a result, the German min
ister Huron von Kettelei" was (report
ed June 10th,) murdered by u mob, and
on Juno 17th the allied forces attacked
and captured the Taku forts. A relief
expedition commanded by Admiral
Seymour advanced to rescue the for
eign ministers in leklu, who on June
21th wore requested by tho Chlueso
government to leave the city and Join
their forces nt Tien Tsln or elsewhere,
as they pleased. They refused to go
under Chinese escort, however, nnd
remained In Pekln bsleged anil fre
quently attacked until relieved, on
August 2Sth, by the capture of the
city. This practically ended the war,
though the campaign reports of mas
suero on both sides, beforo and since
that date, have been frequent and ex
cruciating. FOREIGN OUTRAGES,
That many atrocities were com
muted by Chinese "Insurgents," en
couraged by the government, Is cer
tain, but American correspondents ro
port that they saw Chinese babies
tossed on tho bayonets of tho allies,
while when Tlen-Tsln, a city of half a
million people, was captured by the al
lies In June, tho advices agree that
they sacked It and set It on lire to
warn the Chlneso of tho danger of pro
voking civilized people to anger. The
massacre of Chinese In the streets of
tho city during the suck seems to have
been unprecedent since tho suppression
of tho Indian "mutiny" by the British
Imperial army. On October 3, Presi
dent M "tley ordered the withdrawal
of Ann-Hi 4ii troops from Pekln and he
has blucu acted In concert with Lord
Salisbury in negotiating terms of set
tlement with the Chlneso government,
which hus promised to deal summarily
I
ji.t''..k i
v
.
with nil Boxer leaders, and to make
whatever additional reparation may be
In Its power. Tho probable settlement
Is, the virtual control of Its finances
nnd Its customs ports by tho Powers.
Under tho terms of the Joint agree
ment, ns cabled November 12th, China
was to be required to abolish Its coast
defenses and to pledge Itself not to
Import arms and munitions of war.
I This tueuns, of course, the abdication
of Its sovereignty. The November de
mand said nothing of the missionaries,
who, in tho joint noto of February 1st,
were made the occasion of the peremp
tory demand on China which opened
the way for all the disturbances which
preceded tho British nnd Ameiicnn
elections.
IV. COLONIAL POLICIES AND
THE ELECTIONS.
Both In England nnd America tho
elections of the year were decided by
the Anglican joint colonial policy. In
England, the Liberals, "led" by tho
mournfully Inadequate Cainpbell-Ban-nermun,
were signally defeated In the
fall elections. Tho Salisbury adminis
tration "appealed to the country" on
September 25th and was sustained by
a majority of 132 In a total house of
670. In the United Stntes the MoKln
ley administration was sustained by
an electoral vote of 284 to 168, and a
vote In the house of about 197 to 151.
Attempting to shift "paramount" Is
sues during tho campaign, the Demo
cratic leaders lost Kansas, Nebraska
and the entire West without winning
over the Eastern element, which had
encouraged them with promises of
support on a new "paramount" Issue.
The question which really decided
tho Issues of the campaign was that
of the annexation of Cuba and Porto
Rico. In 180S, Mr. Bryan nnd the late
R. P. Blnnd were in radical opposition
to the administration's plans for an
nexing theso Islands, but the adminis
tration effected an entrance to the
Democratic National committee and,
after Bland had been "repudiated" in
his own state, Mr. Bryan was forced
to acquiesce In the administration's
Cuban operations. It set the day for
the Cuban constitutional convention in
tlie week of the election and carried
out its program unmolested, as it did
both in Porto Rico and Hawaii. Dem
ocratic anti-imperialists, including Mr.
Bryan himself, wore "shut off" from
opposing "Imperialism," except as it
was concerned hi the annexation of
the Philippines. As opposition to the
high protective tariff and monometal
lism was abandoned during the cam
paign and as the issue against the ad
ministration's foreign policies was
thus narrowed to the single point of
the final disposition of the Philippines,
the result In the United States exactly
paralleled that in England. Boldness
and thoroughness were endorsed, rath
er than timidity. With Cuba. Porto
Rico nnd Hawaii conceded to the ad
ministration's handling, ns a lamb, the
country did not think it advisable to
stop at the sheep.
V.-
PUBLIC BUSINESS IN
THE
UNITED STATES.
The receipts for the fiscal year, as
olllcially reported, were $a:!3,:lGS,00O
from customs, nnd $72,4SB,000 from In
ternal taxes (Including $-l'',8;;7,000 from
stamp taxes), which, with miscellan
eous receipts, made a total of $.'il,",ti.
000 collected during the year, as
against $'117,721,000 for IS9C-37. The In
crease in collections from customs
taxes was about $ri7,000,000 over lS!lii-!'7.
The total expenditures rose from $.'!C."i,
S15.000 in 1S11G-07 to $-)S7,GU 1,000 in l'JOO
(the fiscal year). The excess of re
ceipts over expenditures reported for
the year was $7Sl,152,000. The interest
bearing debt at the close of the fiscal
yeur stood at $1.001,4111,000. A gold re
solve of $ i; ",0,000,000 was maintained
during the year with total gold in the
treasury In excess or $200,000,000. The
currency basis was strictly monome
tallic, with free use of silver and silver
paper on the gold basis.
Expenditures for war and navy rose
from $52,000,000 111 1S9I1-97 to $100,000,000
for the llscal year an Increase of con
siderably ovpr .100 per rent, due to the
military governments in Porto llico,
Cuba, Hawaii and the Philippines. The
entire expense of the war with Spain
and of the military system inaugurat
ed after it, Is stated at $:136,000,000 up
to tho beginning of the year. Under
the now currency act. the refunding of
the national debt us the basis for a '
National Rank currency went on dur
ing the year. One of the notable fea
tures of the nw bonds is "a liandsoino
engraved portrait of Thoinus H. Ben
ton," whose celebrity rests on his op
position to bank notes of all kinds,
THE GOLD STANDARD FIXKD.
The most Important single act of
congress during the year was the law
establishing the monometallic basis.
The Republicans of both houses sup
ported It without notable dissent. Tho
Democruts In congress made only n
pro forma opposition to ilia bill. They
could not huve defeated It at any rale,
but their "Rudlcals" wero anxious for
a fight on It, which would have In
volved an appeal to tho country on the
Issue, This was carefully avoided. The
Deniocratle National platform at Kan
sas City reafllrnied tho principles of
bl-metalllHin, but tho light on tho Issue
hod been surrendered In congress,
where Individual Democrats contented
themselves with merely going on
record. This "Conservatism" was a
titrongly marked feature of tho year
on the Democratic sldo In the house.
In Februnry, Mr, .Tones, of Arkansus,
offered n free coinage bill In tho senate
os a substitute for tho Republican cur
rency measure, but under tho Clove
land administration he had offered a
bill to ubollsh silver coinage altogether
and allow tho banks to uso silver bul
lion as a basis for their circulation. Ho
had also announced on the question of
Inaugurating "Imperialism" by annex
ing Porto Rico, that Porto Rico might
ns well bo annexed us It was "no big
ger than a saddle blanket anyhow."
The olement of humor In a rudlcal
nntl-lmpeiiallstlo nnd antl-inonometul-Ha
campaign under such auspices was
certainly striking to tho few who keep
a political note book or have memories
equivalent to It.
PORTO RICAN TARIFF.
The Democratic managers showed
the same, lack of aggressiveness when
tho question was on the organization
of porto Rico. The real question from
the Democrutlo standpoint wus, of
rBPLLIuJ
LIVERITA
(or SICK HRADACIIO
LIVERITA
for DYSPDPSIA
LIVERITA
for FLATULCNcn
LIVERITA
(or HEARTBURN
LIVERITA
lor PAIN AFTER IMTINd
LIVERITA
(or WANT OP APPETITE
LIVERITA
(or ACIDITY OP STOMACH
LIVERITA
for NAUSEA
LIVERITA
(or SOUR STOMACH
LIVERITA
for SLOW DIQESTION
LIVERITA
XT (or FULLNBSS
LIVERITA
SST (or FOUL. DRBATH
iUH'!M
ra
- fv?1 " i H Bm B&vSI
ti- rSa r3 n ua BAN trsrl
PfiMlMwM$ KMMflb&
hOLD B McGARRAH & THOMAS, DRUGGISTS, 20D LACKAWANNA
whether the Porto Rlcans were as
much entitled ns the Filipinos to
choose their own form of government.
But waiving this on the saddle blanket
theory of statesmanship, the Opposi
tion loaders made a desperate resist
ance to a two years' duty of 15 per
cent on Imports to Porto Rico to pro
vide a fund for carrying on the gov
ernment organized over the Porto Rl
cans by congress. The government as
really organized treated Porto Rico ns
territory acquired without consent by
conquest and by purchase. As no ob
jection wns made to this, the Demo
crats in congress thus settled; as far
as their party was concerned, the ex
actly similar question involved In
"pacifying" the Filipinos. As if this
were not enough, however, North Car
olinawhere the local bankers, rail
roads and other large Interests are
"greater than their parties" proceed
ed to "jam through" a Constitutional
amendment which substituted educa
tion and birth as tests of suffrage In
stead of the "consent of the governed."
The result of the National election,
having been thus decided through the
action of the Democratic "managers"
in and out of congress, nothing re
mained except to announce the vote.
On February 28th, the house passed
the Porto Rlcan tariff bill. On March
14th, the president signed the gold
standard bill. These are the two de
cisive measures of the year, and the
ground which the Democrats lost on
them, they did not recover on anything
else. Indeed, there was no aggressive
lighting on anything else the Demo
cratic "leadership" on the floor of the
house hnving been judiciously entrust
ed to a statesman of the utmost "cau
tion," who completely vindicated the
good opinion of those who had brought
him to the front.
MINOR KVKNTS.
Kvents of minor Importance during
the session of congress were the expul
sion of lliighnni H. Roberts, polygam
ist eoiiRieismnn from Utah: the re
fusal of the senate lo seat Clark of
Montana and Quay of Pennsylvania:
the Hepburn report on the Nicaragua
canal; the ratification of The Hague
and Argentine treaties and of the New
Snmoan treaty. The Clayton-Bulwer
treaty and the Nlcarasua canal wero
extensively discussed. Under the pro
visions of tin; Dlngley bill, the admin
istration made important reciprocity
agreements with Germany and Italy,
and a postal convention was agreed
upon with Spain. Under The Hague
treaty ex-Presidents Harrison anil
Cleveland were appointed interna
tional arbitrators, but Mr. Cleveland
declining, Justice Gray of Delaware
wns appointed In his stead, Sanford
B, Dole was appointed governor of
Hawaii under the territorial organiza
tion no I passed by congress, and In
Cuba two departments (Havana and
Pinu del Itlo) wore consolidated, The
discovery of extensive embezzlements
lu the Cuban postal service led to the
suspension of K. G. llathbone, "Direc
tor General of Posts" (May 21) and lo
the Indictment of several of his su
bordinates. The Cuban constitutional
convention was culled for election
week In November, thus minimizing
the necessity for discussing Its action
in this country,
A most Important judicial decision
during the year was that of the United
States Supreme court sustaining the
anti-trust law.
The only notablo disturbance In state
politics during the year was the mur
der of AVilllam E. Goebel, claimant for
the governorship of Kentucky and
author of tho "Goebel Returning Board
Iaw" an net modeled on the return
ing board principle of the Tilden
Hayes campaign, He was shot Janu
ary "Otli nnd sworn In as governor on
his death bed to vindicate the policies
for which ho stood, On October 0th,
however, the Goebel election law was
i open led )y tho Kentucky legislature,
On September 29th, James Howard
had been found guilty of the murder
and sentenced to bo hanged. Tho po
lltlcat effect of the murder was to ro
stnie the control of the state to the
Democrats,
VI. THE UNITED STATES IN
GENERAL.
Tho new census gives tho United
States 70,205,220, Including Hawull. The
population of Now York was stated by
tho census at 7,2GS,000, u gain of 1,270,
000 In tho decade. Pennsylvania ranks
next tn Now York, with 6,301,3G5.
Tho census of Cuba in January
i-hnwed n population of 1,572,000. The
population of Porto Rico wus an
nounced at 057,070.
"Tho Ecumenical Council of Mis
sions" held nt Carneelo Hall April 2tst
was one of the most notablo religious
demonstrations of tho yeur.
On September Sth, the city of Gal
veston was virtually destroyed by a
tidal wave. The loss of life Is placed
at 6,000; of property at JI2.000.000.
Tho veai onened with numerous
small strikes, chiefly In Now England. J
jirnnnmtinitniifflmnmfflnnmnimwmnwmmm
LIVERITA
THE UP-TO-DATE
LITTLE LIVER
LIVERITA
lor BAD TASTH IN MOUTH
LIVERITA
(or COATED T0N0U8
teOO4O0--4-i
$500 REWARD
we will pay the above reward for any
case of Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Stok
Tfnnrlnnri. TniUrrnatlnn flmatt.'. .
w...,VHWr ..lu,SWViUU, VUUHblJQUUU Ul
Costlvonesa wo cannot cure with Liverita,
the Urj.to.Dnta Liftln Llvnr PHI .!,
1A rtltstn4 Immm nA nil11. 1f Til.
wio unsuuuua mo Bbriuiiy cumpiiou Willi,
Thoy are purely Vegotablo and never
rail if riln mnllnt ,t.4tM DEa L.
ai iii oauaiauwuil, MU UUICH con
tain 100 Pills, 10a boxes contain 40 Pills.
5o boxes contain 15 Pills. Beware of sub-
9 fitltnt.fnhq nnH Imltntlnna fluil tku mall
X Stamps taken. Nurvita MbdioaIi Co.
y vnuiuii ana uacicson is., wnicago, 111.
rV
LIVERITA '
(or BILIOUSNESS
LIVERITA
for SALLOW PACE
LIVERITA
THE UP-TO-DATE
NERVITA MEDICAL CO., CHICAGO.
As a rule they were settled by conces
sions to the strikers;. Their connec
tion with the politics of the presiden
tial year was obvious. The first one to
be seriously resisted was that of the
street car operatives In St. Louis,
which resulted in much disturbance
and rioting, the most serious being on
June 10th, when a sheriff's posse lired
into a crowd, killing four persons and
Injuring a considerable number of oth
ers. Tills strike was lost by the men.
On September 17th, 140,000 men struck
in tlie anthracite region of Pennsyl
vania, expecting and receiving the so
licitous attention of the political com
mittees. Tho strike was settled by
concessions from the mine owners.
The strikes of the year did not ser
iously disturb business. They were
recognized generally as an Intelligent
demand from organized labor for a
share in the results of the "paternal"
policies of the federal government, and
direct issues were generally evaded by
concessions.
Tho only notable disturbances, not
due to strikes, were results of race pre
judice. On July 27th, the murder of a
policeman In New Orleans, precipi
tated a riot lusting several
days. during which a number
of negroes were killed. This was fol
lowed, soon afterwards, by riots
against negroes In the East Side, in
New York. On August 20th, a mob at
Akron, Ohio, burned the City Hall In
nn attempt to lynch a negro who was
accused of assault. The number of
lynchlngs showed no notable increase,
however, and wns perhaps somewhat
below the average for tho decade.
VII. FOKEIGN-GENEBAL.
No great changes occurred in any
European country during the year.
King Humbert, of Italy, who was as
sassinated by Gaetano' Bresci, on July
2!Uh, was succeeded by his son, Victor
lmmanuel HI. on August 2d, without
Interruption of the government's func
tions. Attempts were made on the life
of the Prince of Wales, while he iva
visiting Brussels. In April, and on the
shall of Persia while he was In Paris,
during August. Neither shah nor
prince wns hurl.
The French Exposition opened April
14th. An incident of Its progress wn3
the presentation of a statue of Lafay
ette to France by American school
children.
On October 17th Count Von Buelow
succeeded Tlohenloho as chancellor of
Germany. Except for the spectacular
performances of the kaiser, the history
of Germany during the year would
have been ns dull as that of the rest
of Continental Europe.
South and Central America fur
nished one or two unlnteiestlng rovo
lutlons, but the event of chief Import
ance In Spanish-American history was
tlie re-election of Dluz as president of
Mexico, and the Inauguration of a
quiet movement for the co-operation
of Spnnlsli-Anierican countries to sup
port each other agnlusl "Expansion"
from tho United States,
The famine In India during tlie year
was unspeakable In Its horrors. The
New York Review of Reviews wrote,
In June, that the famine was "vastly
worse than that of 1S77, and It Is feared
it may be as bad as thut of 1S97 when
0,000,000 people actually died of star
vation." A description of the fainlno
districts said: "The people are trying
to eat berries, roots and grass: parents
ure selling their children to buy food."
It Is a notable fact that In some of the
tvorst famines In India, rlco and other
Indian food stuffs have been continu
ously exported to England,
VIII. DEATHS OF CELEBHITIES.
The death list of tho year shows an
unusually large number of famous
people. Among them were Doctor Ed
ward McGlynn, James Murtlricuu,
John Ruskin, Edward J. Phelps, Perft
Dldon, Rev. Thomas K. needier, tho
Duke of "Westminster, John A. IJiuit
hani. firnierly United States minister
to Japan: lUibbl Isaac M, 'Win', of
Ohio; General "Plot" Jouberl, of tho
Transvaal republic; Archibald Forbes,
tho English war correspondent; HI.
Gtnige Mivini, author of the cul.'brnt
el es,a on "Happiness In HM1'' Ga
lium Dlgnu, tho greotest Turki.ili gen
ernl nC modern times; M'chaJl Mini
hacsy, tin. Hungarian painter: the
P'lki of Argyll"! W. C Kndlcoi, of the
Cleveland cabinet; Cmint Mtuiaveff,
Russian minister of foreign affairs;
Rev. Dr. It. S. Htorrs; Stephen Crane,
the novelist; John Sherman and Ills
wife; Roar Admiral John W. Philip;
the Duke of Saxo-Coburg; John Clark
Redpath, the American historian; John
J. Ingalls; Collls P. Huntington; Baron
Russell, lord chief justice of England;
Frederick AVilllam Nietzsche, tlie Gor
man pessimist; Arthur Sowall, candi
date for vice-president of the United
States In 1806; General John A. McCler
nnnd and General John M. Palmer, of
Illinois; Feld Marshul Martinez Cam
por of Spain; William L. Wilson of the
Cleveland cabinet; Charles Dudley
ffliromronwwwe
gjffiflwi
Sill JST lm!k4fliK
PILL
LIVERITA
(or TORPID LIVER
LIVERITA
(or CONSTIPATION
LIVERITA
(or SLUaatSII BOWCF.S
LIVERITA
lor PILB5
LIVERITA
(or BLOTCHES A PIMPLBS
LIVERITA
for MUDDY COHPLEXION
LIVERITA
lor JAUNDICE
LIVERITA
lor INSOMNIA
LIVERITA
lor BAD BLOOD
LIVERITA
(or KIDNBY COHPLAINTS
LIVERITA
lor BBAUTIPVINa THB
COMPLEXION
LIVERITA
lor WOMEN and CHILDREN
!
'
I I
'
(
I
Z
ILL.
AVENUE, SCRANTON, PA.
0SATN TO HAIR
ROOT AND BRANCH
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A completo lino of above exquisite
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EUGENE
FIELD'S
POEMS
A $7.00
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